Category: Writing

Challenge #2: Literary Devices
Using the abbreviations below, identify the literary device that best describes each quote. Your code is formed by the letters in order, IN CAPS.
IRONY = I
SIMILE = S
SYMBOLISM = SY
HYPERBOLE = H
METAPHOR = M
ALLUSION = A
PERSONIFICATION = P
(Act 1) HALE: The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of hell upon her.
(Act 2) ELIZABETH: Abigail brings the other girls into the court, and where she walks the crowd will part like the sea for Israel.
(Act 2) HALE: Theology, sir, is a fortress; no crack in a fortress may be accounted small.
(Act 2) ELIZABETH: “Adultery, John.”
(Act 2) PROCTOR: “Elizabeth, your justice would freeze beer.”
(Act 2) PROCTOR: “I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem—vengeance is walking Salem.”
(Act 3) DANFORTH: We born a hot fire here; it melts down all concealment.
(Act 3) DANFORTH: This is a sharp time, now, a precise time—we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world. Now, by God’s grace, the shining sun is up, and them that feat not light will surely praise it.”
(Act 4) HALE: “I come to do the Devil’s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves. His sarcasm collapses. There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head!”
(Act 4) HALE: “I came into this village like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts of high religion; the very crowns of holy law I brought, and what I touched with my bright confidence, it died…”
CODE: *

2. Newton’s Law by Morton Mallon After a life of studying the nano-transportation sciences, Professor Melton stumbles upon a major breakthrough. On April 20th, 2042, Melton discovers a way to transport particles at light-speed across fixed distances. Now he can teleport from one location to another. But Professor Melton soon discovers that there is no such thing as a free lunch. He learns that the body ages relative to the distance travelled, not just the time. This means that a teleporting body ages very rapidly. Can Melton solve this problem before his time is up? Genre: fiction Subgenre: science fiction
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When providing an objective summary of a text, writers should:
directly quote the text.
avoid central ideas.
include their opinions.
exclude personal opinions.

Between the two paraphrases below, which statement best provides the most suitable paraphrase of the original text above? Further, justify your answer using sentence structure and changes in keywords.
Paraphrase 1
An organic material that can promote plant growth and development which is not caused by spraying of usual plant fertilizers are called biostimulants (Sharma et.al., 2011).
Paraphrase 2
A biostimulant makes a plant grow beautifully and bigger when added with
traditional plant nutrient (Sharma et.al., 2011).
Justification: _________________________________________
During the course of the conduct of research, common difficulties may arise that will greatly affect the result of your research. As a researcher, one must be adept enough to foresee possible challenges to your research so that it will be resolved sooner. Below is a summary of difficulties, challenges, and / or issues you may encounter.
1. Unavailability of respondents
2. Non-cooperation or refusal of respondents to answer questions
3. Failure of respondents to remember data or give honest responses
4. Delayed or failure in returning questionnaires with responses
5. Incomplete documents and records
6. Unscientific data
7. No local data are available
8. Lacking instruments
9. Communication problems
10.Funds are tight
Situational Analysis
Directions. Choose three from the above summary of difficulties and try resolving the conflict by filling-in the boxes below. An example is provided in each box.
Identify the Facts
Issues / Challenges
Ex. Unavailability of respondents
Principle in Conflict
Ex. Voluntary participation
Options / Solutions
Ex. letter in advance to the head of office of your sampling area, asking permission to conduct a survey. Provide a letter of consent of the respondents.

Please answer accurately and list down the question and answer.
The author of the passage cites human beliefs as an explanation. Passage A
Passage 3 Both Passages Neither Passage
11:13 retracted light in water confuses flies. Show Text Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The author of the passage dismisses the water-bag method as ineffective. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The author of the passage cites human beliefs as an explanation. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage
11:20 Both Passages Neither Passage Show Text The passage claims that refracted light can affect human optical perceptions. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The passage mentions the claim that refracted light in water confuses flies. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The author of the passage dismisses the water-bag method as ineffective. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage
11:29 Show Text The passage mentions the claim that water bags make flies look bigger. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The passage mentions the fact that flies have compound eyes. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The passage states that use of water bags is connected to higher levels of fly activity. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage
11:39 The passage makes a convincing case for the effectiveness of the water-bag method. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The passage states that there are more people who do not believe in the water-bag theory than there are supporters of the theory. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage The passage suggests that people hang water bags and then notice fewer pests. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage
While the water-bag method of fly repellent has many supporters, it has at least as many detractors. Advocates claim that refracted light in water baffles the flies’ compound eyes. This theory seems quite plausible, but critics classify it as a kind of coincidence masquerading as cause and effect. They say that hanging water bags may seem to work due to the placebo effect. In medicine this is a treatment without therapeutic value, which is administered as if it were a therapy. The “medicine” makes people feel better due to psychological effects rather than due to its curative values. The same effect is likely to occur when people think they are treating a pest problem, and thus notice that the problem seems to diminish. But what if the placebo even increases the problem? Recently, scientists conducted an experiment over the course of thirteen weeks on two egg farms to measure fly activity and encountered just such a situation. They installed commercial, water-based optical fly repellents and concluded that the areas equipped with water bags actually attracted more of these irritating creatures. Since there are reasonable explanations that support the water-bag method and significant evidence that argues against it, it’s up to you whether you keep hanging up water-filled bags around your home or not. The passage mentions experiments conducted in an agricultural environment. Passage A Passage B Both Passages Neither Passage
Hanging clear, water-filled bags from doorways is an increasingly popular, and rather unlikely, new method for deflecting annoying—and potentially disease-carrying—flies from building entrances. Some advocates claim that the flies recognize the liquid as the surface of a body of water while others—ludicrously—insist the insect flies away because it is frightened by its own magnified reflection. The most credible explanation, however, concerns the refraction of light. Light rays travel in a straight line. Refraction is what happens when something—like a clear object such as a piece of glass or a bag of water—gets in the way. Hitting the object changes the ray’s velocity and direction, bending, or refracting, it. Refracted rays of light can cause optical illusions, including such things as mirages that even confuse human eyes. A fly’s head consists primarily of a pair of large complex eyes, each composed of 3,000 to 6,000 simple eyes. This physiology allows the fly to see in multiple directions at once. Even though these eyes cannot move or focus on objects like human eyes, they grant the fly a mosaic view of its surroundings, and each simple eye provides one small piece of the puzzle. A housefly bases its sense of direction on the direction sunlight comes from, so when these complex, sensitive eyes experience refracted light, the fly becomes confused and flies away. Although this explanation is persuasive and plausible, research conducted to replicate the results on fly-plagued poultry farms has been inconclusive.

Help me please
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Name: Date: CONCEPT VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed Ray Bradbury WORD LIST submerged canals atmosphere forlorn immense mosaic
A. DIRECTIONS: In each of the following items, think about the meaning of the italicized word or phrase and then answer the question.
Would you describe being submerged in a mud bath as gently floating on top? Why or why not?
If you wanted to travel between several bodies of water without leaving your boat, would canals be of help? Explain.
Would a planet with no oxygen in the atmosphere be described as habitable by humans? Why or why not?
Your puppy Clover is staring at his empty food bowl with a forlorn look. Would you say that Clover is excited about the contents of the bowl? Why or why not?
True or false? Getting immense pleasure from playing soccer means that you don’t really like playing chess. Explain.
If you saw a mosaic, would you expect to see a scene filled with a variety of color? Explain.
B. WORD STUDY: SYNONYMS AND NUANCE Synonyms are words that have the same basic meaning. Nuance refers to the subtle shade of meaning between two words. For example, immense means “greatness in size.” Huge also means large, but immense conveys a sense of being even bigger than something that is huge. Write a synonym for each word below. Then, describe the difference in nuance between the two words.
submerged
atmosphere
canal
mosaic

Question 20
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following passage is an excerpt of an online article on teens and sleep.
(1) In October 2019, the state of California passed a new law that mandates a change to the starting times for the state’s public schools. (2) The law—which was supported by the California Medical Association, the California Psychiatric Association, the CDC, and the American Academy of Pediatrics—requires middle schools to start no earlier than 8:00 a.m. and high schools to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m.
(3) The law is a state-level solution to a problem that doctors, school administrators, and researchers have been justifiably lamenting for decades: adolescents need eight to ten hours of sleep per night, but more than two thirds of high schoolers get less than that. (4) Even more troubling, about forty percent of students get fewer than six hours. (5) Simply telling teenagers to go to bed earlier isn’t effective; teens build up sleep pressure—the regulatory force that builds up and allows a person to both fall and stay asleep—more slowly than adults or younger children. (6) For this reason, they are simply not equipped to fall asleep earlier on command; they are truly designed to go to bed later and sleep later into the morning.
(7) Sleep deprivation among adolescents has been proven to affect overall health, often resulting in weakened immune systems and other problems. (8) It also compromises memory consolidation, thus resulting in decreased overall academic performance as reflected in lower test scores. (9) If that’s not enough to support later start times, consider this: one school district that voluntarily implemented the time changes long before the California law reported a 70% reduction in student car crashes. (10) It’s tough to argue with data that shows an increase in student safety in addition to an increase in student performance.
(11) Despite this rather obvious data in support of later start times, many school administrators lament the challenges of bus schedules, lunch services, childcare, and even athletic practices, all of which have traditionally been built around much earlier start times than the 8:00 to 8:30 a.m. requirements. (12) But the experts are emphatic in reminding the public that the challenges are worth facing, and the adjusted start times will result in greater health and safety and increased student learning.
The writer is working on a new version of the passage and wants to include an explicit statement of the passage’s thesis.
Which of the following would best serve as a thesis statement for the passage?
A. Based on irrefutable evidence, schools around the country should consider later start times for middle and high school students.
B. Good quality sleep is needed by all students in order to improve their memory and thus increase their academic achievement levels.
C. Later start times for high school students result in not just increased school performance but also increased safety.
D. Start times after 8 a.m. for middle and high schools might be good for some students, but not everyone agrees they are good for all.
E. The state of California is taking the lead in mandating later start times for its public-school students.
Question 21
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
This passage is taken from a speech given by President Ronald Reagan to the people of West Berlin in 1987.
“In the Reichstag a few moments ago, I saw a display commemorating this 40th anniversary of the Marshall Plan. I was struck by the sign on a burnt-out, gutted structure that was being rebuilt. I understand that Berliners of my own generation can remember seeing signs like it dotted throughout the western sectors of the city. The sign read simply: ‘The Marshall Plan is helping here to strengthen the free world.’ A strong, free world in the West, that dream became real. Japan rose from ruin to become an economic giant. Italy, France, Belgium—virtually every nation in Western Europe saw political and economic rebirth; the European Community was founded.”
In this paragraph, the speaker uses juxtaposition to contrast the
A. economic growth around the world compared to Berlin
B. intricacies of the Marshall Plan with its actual effects
C. experience of destruction and ruin with that of rebirth and hope
D. past history of the Berlin Wall with the future of the new Berlin
E. expectation of economic growth with the statistical reality of it
Question 22
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
This passage is taken from a speech given by President Ronald Reagan to the people of West Berlin in 1987.
(4) Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city, part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe. From the Baltic, south, those barriers cut across Germany in a gash of barbed wire, concrete, dog runs, and guard towers. Farther south, there may be no visible, no obvious wall. But there remain armed guards and checkpoints all the same—still a restriction on the right to travel, still an instrument to impose upon ordinary men and women the will of a totalitarian state. Yet it is here in Berlin where the wall emerges most clearly; here, cutting across your city, where the news photo and the television screen have imprinted this brutal division of a continent upon the mind of the world. Standing before the Brandenburg Gate, every man is a German, separated from his fellow men. Every man is a Berliner, forced to look upon a scar.
A modern writer wants to adapt the ideas from this part of the speech. He wants to add relevant support for the claim made in the fourth sentence (reproduced below) of the paragraph by including a quote from a reliable source.
But there remain armed guards and checkpoints all the same—still a restriction on the right to travel, still an instrument to impose upon ordinary men and women the will of a totalitarian state.
Each of the following sources could help to achieve this purpose EXCEPT
A. a graphic published by an international human rights organization that analyzes health conditions, poverty levels, and educational quality as impacted by travel restrictions
B. an article from an international newspaper which features interviews with three heads of state, each giving reasons for condemning the armed occupation and restrictions
C. a quote from a social media posting which features thoughts and reactions from political science majors around the world as they learned of the checkpoints and restrictions
D. a governmental database that features facts and statistics regarding mental health, unemployment, and crime rates in countries where people are not free to travel
E. an excerpt from a peer-reviewed journal of psychology that analyzes the long-lasting effects of constant military presence on the emotional growth of children under twelve
Question 23
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
This passage is taken from the concluding remarks of a speech given by President Ronald Reagan to the people of West Berlin in 1987.
(11)And now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control.
(12)Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it? We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace.
(13)General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!
In paragraph 12, the speaker begins by posing two questions primarily to
A. elaborate on the weak message that the changes convey
B. frighten the audience with the threat of extreme violence
C. ease the fears of the audience by revealing hopeful changes
D. highlight his suspicions of the sincerity behind these changes
E. illustrate the importance of strengthening Soviet power
Question 24
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
This passage is taken from a book that chronicles a man’s exploration of Alaska.
(1)It was now near dark, and I made haste to make up my flimsy little tent. The ground was desperately rocky. I made out, however, to level down a strip large enough to lie on, and by means of slim alder stems bent over it and tied together soon had a home. While thus busily engaged I was startled by a thundering roar across the lake. Running to the top of the moraine, I discovered that the tremendous noise was only the outcry of a newborn berg about fifty or sixty feet in diameter, rocking and wallowing in the waves it had raised as if enjoying its freedom after its long grinding work as part of the glacier. After this fine last lesson I managed to make a small fire out of wet twigs, got a cup of tea, stripped off my dripping clothing, wrapped myself in a blanket and lay brooding on the gains of the day and plans for the morrow, glad, rich, and almost comfortable.
(2)It was raining hard when I awoke, but I made up my mind to disregard the weather, put on my dripping clothing, glad to know it was fresh and clean; ate biscuits and a piece of dried salmon without attempting to make a tea fire; filled a bag with hardtack, slung it over my shoulder, and with my indispensable ice-axe plunged once more into the dripping jungle. I found my bridge holding bravely in place against the swollen torrent, crossed it and beat my way around pools and logs and through two hours of tangle back to the moraine on the north side of the outlet,—a wet, weary battle but not without enjoyment. The smell of the washed ground and vegetation made every breath a pleasure, and I found
Calypso borealis
1, the first I had seen on this side of the continent, one of my darlings, worth any amount of hardship; and I saw one of my Douglas squirrels on the margin of the grassy pool. The drip of the rain on the various leaves was pleasant to hear. More especially marked were the flat low-toned bumps and splashes of large drops from the trees on the broad horizontal leaves of
Echinopanax horridum
2, like the drumming of thundershower drops on veratrum and palm leaves, while the mosses were indescribably beautiful, so fresh, so bright, so cheerily green, and all so low and calm and silent, however heavy and wild the wind and the rain blowing and pouring above them. Surely never a particle of dust has touched leaf or crown of all these blessed mosses; and how bright were the red rims of the cladonia cups beside them, and the fruit of the dwarf cornel! And the wet berries, Nature’s precious jewelry, how beautiful they were!—huckleberries with pale bloom and a crystal drop on each; red and yellow salmon-berries, with clusters of smaller drops; and the glittering, berry-like raindrops adorning the interlacing arches of bent grasses and sedges around the edges of the pools, every drop a mirror with all the landscape in it. A’ that and a’ that and twice as muckle’s a’ that in this glorious Alaska day3, recalling, however different, George Herbert’s “Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright.4”
(3)In the gardens and forests of this wonderful moraine one might spend a whole joyful life.
1 A rare orchid found in northern, mountainous areas.
2Also called Devil’s Club, Echinopanax is a large-leafed shrub that grows in moist, dense forests mostly in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
3 Reference to Scottish poet, Robert Burns’s poem that rejoices over the wide variety of positive traits in his wife.
4 Reference to a George Herbert poem that celebrates the glory found in nature and mourns the fact that it all must die.
What is the effect of the author’s use of “my” in the excerpt, “… and I saw one of my Douglas squirrels on the margin of the grassy pool …”?
A. It convinces the reader that he owns the land he is exploring.
B.  It supports the notion that nature should be shared by all.
C. It shows that he rejects the notion that nature can be owned.
D.  It reveals his desire to keep others away from his paradise.
E. It demonstrates his personal connection with nature.
Question 25
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
This passage is taken from the concluding remarks of a speech given by President Ronald Reagan to the people of West Berlin in 1987.
(11)And now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control.
(12)Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures, intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it? We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace.
(13)General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!
In paragraph thirteen, the General Secretary’s desire for peace, prosperity, and liberalization could be
A. discredited by the removal of the wall
B. used as a way to control the people of Berlin
C. validated by the removal of the wall
D. used to unite Berliners to rebel against the Soviets
E. employed as reasons to maintain the wall

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Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
The house which has been vacant is finally for sale.
The statue, which is made of copper, is well crafted.
One country that I would like to visit is Australia.
One play that I would like to read is Julius Caesar.

Read the following poem and then answer the questions that follow. For the multiple choice, select the response that BEST answers the question.
Station                             by Eamon Grennan
1          We are saying goodbye
on the platform. In silence
the huge train waits, crowding the station
with aftermath and longing
5          and all we’ve never said
to one another. He
shoulders his black bag and shifts
from foot to foot, restless to be off, his eyes
wandering over tinted windows where he’ll sit
10        staring out at the Hudson’s[i] platinum dazzle.
I want to tell him he’s entering into the light
of the world, but it feels like a long tunnel
as he leaves one home, one parent
for another,
15        and we both know it won’t ever
be the same again. what is the air at,
heaping between us, then thinning
to nothing? Or those slategrey birds that
croon to themselves in an iron angle, then
20        take flight, inscribing
huge loops of effortless grace
between this station of shade and the shining water?
When our cheeks rest glancing against each other,
I can feel mine scratchy with beard and stubble, his
25        not quite smooth as a girl’s, harder, a faint fuzz
starting-those silken beginnings I can see
when the light is right, his next life
in bright first touches. what ails our heart? Mine
aching in vain for the words
30        to make sense of our life together, his
fluttering in dread
of my finding the words, feathered syllables
fidgeting in his throat
In a sudden rush of bodies
35        and announcements out of the air, he says
he’s got to be going. One quick touch
and he’s gone. In a minute
the train-ghostly faces behind smoked glass-
groans away on wheels and shackles, a slow glide
40        I walk beside, waving
at what I can see no longer. Later,
on his own in the city, he’ll enter the underground
and cross the river, going home
to his mother’s house: I imagine that white face
45        carried along in the dark glass, shining
through shadows that fill the window
and fall away again
before we’re even able to name them.
_______________________
[1]Hudson:
Hudson River
Question 25
Lines 11 and 12, “…entering into the light / of the world,” suggest
Select one:
a. death.
b. the city.
c. the past.
d. the future.
Question 26
The son is going to
Select one:
a. live on his own.
b. join the military.
c. live with his mother.
d. attend boarding school.
Question 27
Lines 28 to 30, “What ails our heart? Mine aching in vain for the words / to make sense of our life together,” reveal that the speaker is
Select one:
a. angry.
b. doubtful.
c. resentful.
d. distraught.
Question 28
Lines 32 and 33, “of my finding the words, feathered syllables / fidgeting in his throat,” contain an example of
Select one:
a. alliteration.
b. dissonance.
c. onomatopoeia.
d. simile
Question 29
Lines 34 and 35, “In a sudden rush of bodies / and announcements out of the air.. .,” indicate that the
Select one:
a. train has just arrived.
b. train is about to leave.
c. father is leaving the son.
d. father is changing his mind.
Question 30
In line 39, “shackles” implies
Select one:
a. wisdom.
b. freedom.
c. captivity.
d. movement
Clear my choice
Question 31
In addition to its literal meaning, the title suggests
Select one:
a. social status.
b. a lack of purpose.
c. a stage in one’s life.
d. a lack of movement
Question 32
The poem is predominantly
Select one:
a. instructional.
b. dramatic.
c. narrative.
d. expository.

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Born a Crime Why does Trevor decide to stand with Chapter 17 By Trevor Noah white people in the holding area?
1. What lesson did Patricia teach Trevor about shoplifting?
2. What words of wisdom does Patricia give Trevor about friends?
3. Why was Trevor arrested?
4. What is Trevor’s plan to stay safe in jail while awaiting his hearing?
5. What does Trevor realize about appearances when he meets the “Incredible Hulk” in jail?
6. What is the difference between prison and jail in South Africa?
8. What life-altering decision does Trevor make when he is released from the court?
9. Who paid Trevor’s bail and lawyer fees?
10. Describe Abel as he appears throughout this chapter.
11. What is the difference in Abel’s Tsonga culture and Patricia’s view of gender roles?
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