Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Occupational Health & Hygiene Essay

 

Table of Contents

Introduction
. 3

The Origins of the Disease/Condition
. 3

Possible Mechanisms for Disease/Condition Development
5

Silicosis
. 7

Lung Cancer
. 9

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
9

Activities within the stonemasonary industry where respiratory disease/condition is likely to occur
. 10

The burden of disease/condition in the UK
.. 12

Any Appropriate Occupational Exposure Limits and Methods of Assessing Exposure
. 14

A Strategy for the Measurement of Exposure to the ‘Trigger’ Substance(s)
15

A Strategy for the Prevention and Management of Respiratory Disease with Reference to Good Practice Guidance, including Health Surveillance
. 15

Conclusion
. 16

References
. 17

 

 
 

Occupational Health & Hygiene

Respiratory Disease in Stonemasonary

Introduction

According to the NHS Lothian (2022), the rate of respiratory disease in stonemasonary in the UK (United Kingdom) over the last few years has continued to escalate despite valuable regulations and legislation being implemented effectively. Furthermore, McCleery (2020) shockingly reported that numerous authoritative research findings showed that nearly one in five stonemasons worldwide were diagnosed with a killer respiratory disease associated with stonemasonary in what has been regarded as the workers’ worst crisis since asbestos. McCleery (2020) further articulates that the cases of stonemasons contracting killer respiratory diseases associated with stonemasonary have continued to double annually, according to new credible figures. Hence, this shocking phenomenon has referred to these starling figures as the world’s worst industrial crisis after the previous infamous asbestos sage. This report will be addressed to an industry advisory committee on respiratory disease in stonemasonry. It will cover numerous issues in the report, including the origins of the disease/condition and possible mechanisms for disease/condition development. The report will also cover the activities within the stonemasonary industry where disease/condition is likely to occur, the burden of disease/condition in the UK, and discuss appropriate occupational exposure limits and methods of assessing exposure. The report will also discuss a strategy for the measurement of exposure to the ‘trigger’ substances and a strategy for the prevention and management of disease/condition with reference to good practice guidance, including health surveillance.

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The Origins of the Disease/Condition

In reference to HSE (2022), stonemasons can contract various respiratory diseases associated with stonemasonary, including COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), lung cancer, and the dreaded silicosis. It is also instructive to note that respiratory disease in stonemasonary does not only affect stonemasons but also affects employees working within the stone working industry, including safety and health consultants, machinery suppliers, safety representatives, and other workers. Occupational Health & Hygiene Essay Most importantly, it is paramount for relevant authorities in the UK and other countries to continue developing and implementing stringent health and workers’ safety regulations and legislation to drastically reduce these respiratory diseases associated with stonemasonary and save lives. HSE (2022) further stipulates that employees in stonemasonary responsible for processing stone are at higher risks of developing occupational lung diseases resulting from their unfortunate activities of breathing in dangerous stone dust. Notably, these employees are at increased risk when breathing in stone dust containing RCS (respirable crystalline silica). HSE (2022) notes that these occupational lung diseases include COPD, lung cancer, and silicosis.

On the same note, Rosental (2017) states that silicosis can worsen in a stonemasonary employee even after its exposure has been eliminated or stopped. According to recent authoritative research findings, silicosis can eventually cause severe breath shortness, leading to challenges in walking even short distances an affected stonemasonary employee. It is instructive to note that silicosis is an irreversible and severe lung disease that can lead to early death and permanent disability. Research has also shown that there is an increased lung cancer risk in employees that have been diagnosed with silicosis.

In particular, credible research findings have confirmed that the origins of the respiratory disease in stonemasonary primarily originate from inhaling or breathing in RCS (respirable crystalline silica) dust (Barber et al., 2018). Notably, it is imperative to note that RCS is found in most products and materials, including concrete, tiles, bricks, clays, sands, and rocks. Subsequently, when these materials and products are worked on through grounding, carving, sanding, and cutting, dust is created into fine particles, which can eventually be breathed in or inhaled into a person’s lungs. Hence, research has confirmed that individuals are at higher risk of contracting and developing silicosis when exposed to RCS (Breathe Freely Organisation, 2021). Furthermore, silicosis heightens the risks of further contracting other lung infections and lung cancer and leads to breathing challenges. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that silicosis primarily develops after numerous years of RCS exposure, and excessive-high exposures over time can lead to acute silicosis and death. Prolonged and heavy RCS exposure leading to silicosis development can eventually cause lung cancer. RCS exposure can also lead to COPD, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis (Barber et al., 2018).

Possible Mechanisms for Disease/Condition Development

In particular, employees working in stonemasonary can suffer various respiratory diseases associated with breathing in or inhaling stone dust containing RCS or silica dust. It is instructive to note that the possible mechanisms for disease/condition development depend on the amount of silica dust or stone dust containing RCS and the level of exposure (Breathe Freely Organisation, 2021). Hence, the possible mechanisms for disease/condition development depend on numerous factors, including the workshop’s organisation, housekeeping arrangements, and dusty activity segregation. Other factors include the employees’ respiratory protective equipment and mask effectiveness, the duration of working with a particular tool, whether the utilised tool is hand-held or powered, and the type of tool being utilised. The other factor is the kind of stone an employee works on, including artificial/engineered and natural stone (Breathe Freely Organisation, 2021).

On the other hand, NSE (2022) notes that stone dust or silica dust comprises a dust particle mixture of various sizes, which can be inhaled or breathed in through the mouth and nose popularly known as inhalable dust.’ It is paramount to note that this ‘inhalable dust’ is primarily below or less than 100 microns (µm) in diameter (Feary, Suojalehto, & Cullinan, 2020). On the contrary, ‘inhalable dust’ that is small enough in particle size and can penetrate deeply into a person’s lungs is referred to as ‘respirable dust,’ and it is mainly less than or below 10 microns (µm) in diameter as portrayed in the illustration below (Figure 1):

(The NSE, 2022)

In particular, although inhalable dust can lead to irritation of the throat, nose, and eyes, the fine respirable dust particles have proved to be the fundamental cause of various severe long-term health issues and respiratory diseases in stonemasonary. Fine respirable dust, unlike inhalable dust, cannot be seen commonly when airborne with an individual’s naked eye, although it becomes visible when utilising a dust lamp (Donaldson et al., 2017). Moreover, when a particular stone is being processed and comprised of crystalline silica, whose common type is mainly quartz, there is a high possibility that the airborne stone dust being inhaled will contain RCS. Numerous research studies by reputable scholars have shown that RCS can potentially cause severe lung conditions, such as COPD, lung cancer, and silicosis. Subsequently, various stone types have also been found to contain different crystalline silica levels (Barber et al., 2018a).

Research has also shown that despite the different health effects associated with stone dust inhalation, other health effects are linked to stone working, including musculoskeletal disorders, hand-arm vibration syndrome, hearing damage, and dermatitis (Feary, Suojalehto, & Cullinan, 2020). Musculoskeletal disorders are primarily derived from manually handling stones, while hand-arm vibration syndrome is derived from working with different power-hand tools, especially hammers and stone chisels. Hearing damage is derived from the high noise levels from utilising power tools, whereas dermatitis is derived from stone dust since it can be abrasive and dries when it attaches to the skin, leading to a dermatitis health condition (Barber et al., 2018a).

On the same note, the possible mechanisms for respiratory disease in stonemasonary development also depend on exposure to stone dust or silica dust containing RSC, which eventually leads to various respiratory diseases, as discussed below:

Silicosis

According to Segelov Taylor Lawyers (2020), silicosis is an incurable, aggressive, and progressive lung disease belonging to a lung disorders group known as pneumoconiosis. The lung disease is characterised by the formation of fibrous scar tissue and nodules (lumps) in the lungs. Silicosis is also regarded as the most ancient common occupational lung disease in stonemasonary caused by extreme exposure to silica particle inhalation, especially those from quartz in the sand, rocks, and other similar substances. Thus, silicosis is essentially an aggressive fibrotic lung disease produced by building up and inhaling stone dust containing RCS in the lungs. It is instructive to note that many construction materials in stonemasonary contain silica, including granite, sandstone, tiles, bricks, and concrete. Thus, when these materials are worked with, crushed, cut, and drilled, tiny silica dust particles containing RCS are eventually inhaled or breathed in by employees in stonemasonry, causing silicosis (Barber et al., 2018a). Figure 2 below is an illustration comparing chest x-rays portraying damaged lungs affected by silicosis and undamaged lungs:

(The NSE, 2022)

Further, different types of silicosis exist depending on the duration and level of stone dust exposure, including acute silicosis, accelerated silicosis, complicated silicosis, and chronic silicosis. In particular, acute silicosis mainly develops within 6 months to 2 years of intensive silica dust exposure. Patients diagnosed with acute silicosis constantly experience shortness of breath, significantly lose body weight, and are at higher risk of contracting Tuberculosis (TB). Accelerated silicosis, according to research findings, mostly appears after 5 to 10 years of intensive silica dust exposure. Patients diagnosed with accelerated silicosis have various symptoms, including extensive fibrosis (fibrous tissue) formation in the lungs, excessive weight loss, and noticeable breath shortness. Moreover, such patients also mainly develop other autoimmune disorders and rheumatoid arthritis (Donaldson et al., 2017). On the other hand, complicated silicosis mostly appears after 10 to 15 years of intense silica exposure. Patients diagnosed with complicated silicosis have symptoms similar to those with accelerated silicosis and are at higher risk of developing TB. Chronic silicosis mainly develops after 15 years or more of intense silica dust exposure, causing only mild lung functioning impairment. Subsequently, it is paramount to note that chronic silicosis can progress or develop into more advanced types, which have been proven to be life-threatening (Barber et al., 2018a).

Lung Cancer

In principle, research has shown that RCS exposure is linked to lung cancer development due to intense silica dust exposure. It is instructive to note that lung cancer is a severe lung disease with different symptoms, including persistent breathlessness, coughing up blood, and persistent cough. Lung cancer has also been proven to substantially shorten life expectancy (Donaldson et al., 2017). Moreover, research has also shown that repeated, long-term silica dust exposure can cause lung cancer, although a single, severe exposure to this particular hazardous agent could seriously damage the lungs. Subsequently, research has further shown that many employees in stonemasonary are smokers, and smoking can accelerate the severity and risk of contracting lung cancer among them (The HSE, 2022c).

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

In particular, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a terminology that entails emphysema and chronic bronchitis, as well as the world’s third leading cause of death, as noted by the WHO (2022). The WHO (2022) also notes that occupational silica dust exposure is among the key risk factors associated with COPD and the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developing and industrialised countries, such as the UK. According to the NSE (2022), COPD is a potentially severe, progressive breathing problem associated with RCS exposure. Continuous exposure to RCS can escalate COPD to advanced stages, leading to frequent chest infections, persistent coughs, and severe breathlessness.

On the other hand, credible research findings have shown that stone dust inhalation containing RCS is the biggest health risk, although other minerals and dust particles found in stone dust can also lead to breathing problems and lung damage. It is also instructive to note that exposure to RCS amounts of 0.05 mg/m3 over a working lifetime of nearly 45 years can portray a 5% risk of contracting silicosis, as noted by the NSE (2022). Thus, it is essential that adequate, accurate, and appropriate control measures are maintained, checked, and selected by competent individuals to drastically eradicated silicosis and significantly reduce the inhalation amount of silica dust for people working in stonemasonary. Research has also shown that regular silica dust exposure in small RCS amounts can eventually put employees in stonemasonary at high risk of lung disease (Koh & Gan, 2022).

Activities within the stonemasonary industry where respiratory disease/condition is likely to occur

In practice, the activities within the stonemasonary industry where respiratory disease/condition is likely to occur include working with materials containing RCS, such as concrete, tiles, bricks, clays, sands, marble, chalk or limestone, basalt, and rocks. Other materials include dolerite, ironstone, slate, granite, China stone, shale, mortar, quartzite, and sandstone (The HSE, 2022c). Notably, silica dust is normally created when these materials are polished or grounded, carved, sanded, chiseled, or cut, and this silica dust is eventually inhaled into a person’s lungs, causing respiratory disease in the stonemasonary industry. Moreover, RCS exposure in the stonemasonary industry can also occur in other activities, including when working with hammers, stone chisels, and manually handling stones. According to Rosental (2017), some occupations with RCS exposure include industries utilising silica flour when manufacturing goods, construction (when breaking or cutting brick or concrete), stonemasonary, potteries, foundries, slate works, and quarrying.

On the other hand, the NSE (2022) articulates that RCS exposure also depends on the type of stone being utilised in the stonemasonary activities, such as various kinds of natural stone, asbestiform minerals, artificial stones, and engineered stones. Other kinds of stone that can lead to RCS exposure include agglomerated stone, sintered and cast stone, and terrazzo. In reference to Feary, Suojalehto, & Cullinan (2020), stonemasonary activities using these different kinds of stone can lead to varying rates of RCS exposure, whereby the natural stone and other mineral-based materials contain different crystalline silica content. The table (Table 1) below portrays the various kinds of mineral-based materials and natural stones, as well as the crystalline content contained in each of them:

(The NSE, 2022)

On the same note, the NSE (2022) expounds that asbestiform minerals have been recognised to contain some soapstone (serpentinite) and white marble, although further studies should be conducted to establish asbestos fibres and the amounts. Subsequently, artificial stone has been found to contain crystalline silica content since it’s a synthetic product derived from different materials, such as stone pieces (natural aggregates), sand, and cement bound together utilising either resins (chemical means) or physical means (for example, pressure and heat). Engineered stones also contain crystalline silica because they typically comprise nearly 95% quartz or marble (crushed stone pieces), low colourants and additives levels, and 5% resin (Feary, Suojalehto, & Cullinan, 2020).

On the other hand, sintered and cast stone contains nearly 5-25% crystalline silica content since it is made by applying temperature and pressure to mineral mixtures or crushed stone, including porcelain, granite minerals, feldspar, sand, clay, and aluminosilicates), although resin binder is not utilised. Notably, sintered stone entails porcelain and ceramic. Terrazzo has also been found to contain crystalline silica since it is made by embedding crushed stone and pouring concrete. Additionally, terrazzo is substantially polished on floors, producing significant crystalline silica content dust (Bloch, Brack, & Ulrich, 2022).

The burden of disease/condition in the UK

Most importantly, respiratory disease in stonemasonary applies a significant burden of disease/condition in the UK because the UK government spends substantial amounts of taxpayers’ money to tackle the various diseases associated with the disease. In particular, the UK government spends colossal amounts of money to tackle the different diseases associated with respiratory disease in stonemasonary, including silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and other health risk conditions. Salciccioli et al. (2018) note that respiratory diseases in the UK pose a huge burden across its health systems. The UK has been previously regarded as an outliner due to its higher morbidity and mortality.

In reference to the Asthma and Lung UK Company (2022) report, the cost of respiratory disease in the United Kingdom is shockingly a staggering £11 billion annually. Hence, this amounts to a huge burden of respiratory to the UK’s economy, patients, and the NHS. The Asthma and Lung UK Company (2022) report further notes that from this staggering £11 billion annual cost, £9.9 billion directly falls on patients and the NHS in private costs, whereas £1.2 billion falls on UK’s wider economy, especially through lost work days. The report also states that respiratory disease in the UK is the 4
th
mostly costly disease, after heart disease, musculoskeletal diseases, and mental health conditions. Subsequently, COPD is among the costliest respiratory diseases costing £1.9 billion annually. The report also stipulates that respiratory disease in the UK is solely responsible for a substantial share of premature death and serious morbidity among its population (The Asthma and Lung UK Company, 2022).

Furthermore, the British Lung Foundation (2017) expounded that the estimated indirect and direct costs of all respiratory diseases in the UK exceeded £11.1 billion in its 2017 findings. The findings showed that when intangible costs linked to excess morbidity and mortality were included, these costs rose to £165 billion. Moreover, the NHS (2022) states that respiratory disease in the UK affects 1 in 5 individuals and is England’s third largest cause of death.

Moreover, the NHS (2022) also articulates that respiratory disease hospital admissions have dramatically increased over the previous 7 years at 3 times the total number of admissions. In addition, the NHS (2022) highlights that the annual economic burden of COPD in the UK on the NHS is estimated to be £1.9 billion annually. Further, all lung conditions in totality when lung cancer in the UK is included directly cost the organisation an estimated £11 billion annually (The NHS, 2022). Hence, it is noticeable that respiratory disease in the UK poses a substantial disease burden to the UK’s economy, patients, and the NHS.

Any Appropriate Occupational Exposure Limits and Methods of Assessing Exposure

In principle, different appropriate occupational exposure limits and methods of assessing exposure have already been developed and implemented. However, research has shown that despite implementing these stringent appropriate occupational exposure limits and methods of assessing exposure being enforced, numerous firms within the stonemasonary industry continue to circumvent or ignore them blatantly, leading to respiratory disease among their employees. Notably, the NSE (2022) specifies that employers in the stonemasonary industry have a fundamental legal obligation to comply with appropriate occupational exposure limits and methods of assessing exposure stipulated under the
COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002) (as amended). S
ubsequently, employers must comply with
COSHH Regulation 7(7)
by applying
Schedule 2A
and ensuring that exposure is not above the
WEL.
Ideally, the NSE (2022b) notes that the RCS exposure in the UK has a WEL (workplace exposure limit) of 0.1 mg/m3, primarily portrayed as an 8-hour TWA (time-weighted average). Further, the NSE (2022b) stipulates that RCS exposure is subject to the
COSHH Regulations 2002.  

On the same note, the NSE (2022) outlines those individual substances, such as the RCS containing their own established WELs. Employers should comply with the limits highlighted in the
EH40/2005
publication, which should never be exceeded. The control measures employers require are highlighted under
COSHH Regulation 7(1), COSHH Schedule 2A, the COSHH Approved Code of Practice,
the
HSE COSHH Essentials Guidance Sheets,
and the
CIS (Construction Information Sheets).
Other relevant guidance for employers regarding controlling stone dust exposure, including RCS, entail the
IOSH (Institute of Occupational Safety and Health),
the
BOHS (British Occupational Hygiene Society),
the
NEPSI (European Network on Silica)
, and the
EU SLIC (Senior Labour Inspectorate Committee) Guidance
(The NSE, 2022).

A Strategy for the Measurement of Exposure to the ‘Trigger’ Substance(s)

In practice, a strategy for measuring exposure to the ‘trigger’ substance known as RCS includes employers in the stonemasonary industry implementing what is known as the Hierarchy of control strategy. It is instructive to note that this Hierarchy of Control strategy involves implementing various key elements (Baldwin et al., 2019). These elements include elimination, engineering controls, segregation, organisational controls, PPE (personal protective equipment), a combination of controls, and maintaining controls, including the LEV systems. Most importantly, this strategy for measuring exposure to the ‘trigger’ substance complies with the stipulated
COSHH Approved Code of Practice L5
(The State of Queensland, 2019).

A Strategy for the Prevention and Management of Respiratory Disease with Reference to Good Practice Guidance, including Health Surveillance

In principle, a strategy for the prevention and management of respiratory disease with reference to good practice guidance, including health surveillance, entails drastically reducing the risks to health by effectively controlling fumes and dust (Bloch, Brack, & Ulrich, 2022). Ideally, effective control will be attained by combining different control prevention and management systems, including process changes, providing employees with adequate high-quality RPE (respiratory protection equipment), and installing a proper working LEV (local exhaust ventilation) system for fume and dust extraction Occupational Health & Hygiene Essay. Moreover, this strategy also includes providing water suppression with sufficient flow of water to the tools utilised when working (HSE, 2022a).

 

Conclusion

In summation, this report has been addressed to an industry advisory committee on respiratory disease in stonemasonry and covered many issues, including the origins of the disease/condition and possible mechanisms for disease/condition development. The report has also covered the activities within the stonemasonary industry where disease/condition is likely to occur, the burden of disease/condition in the UK, and discussed appropriate occupational exposure limits and methods of assessing exposure. The report has also discussed a strategy for the measurement of exposure to the ‘trigger’ substances and a strategy for the prevention and management of disease/condition with reference to good practice guidance, including health surveillance.

References

Baldwin, P. E., Yates, T., Beattie, H., & Keen, C. (2019). Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica in the GB Brick Manufacturing and Stone Working Industries.
Annals of Work Experiences and Health
63(2):1-13. DOI:10.1093/annweh/wxy103. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331037161_Exposure_to_Respirable_Crystalline_Silica_in_the_GB_Brick_Manufacturing_and_Stone_Working_Industries

Barber, C. M., Fishwick, D., Carder, M., & Tongeren, M. (2018). Epidemiology of Silicosis: Reports from the SWORD scheme in the UK from 1996 to 2017.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
76(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105337 Occupational Health & Hygiene Essay. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328863437_Epidemiology_of_silicosis_Reports_from_the_SWORD_scheme_in_the_UK_from_1996_to_2017

Barber, C. M., Fishwick, D., Seed, M. J., & Carder, M. (2018a). Artificial Stone-Associated Silicosis in the UK.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
75(7). DOI:10.1136/oemed-2018-105028. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323198277_Artificial_stone-associated_silicosis_in_the_UK

Bloch, K. E., Brack, T., & Ulrich, S. (2022).
Self-Assessment in Respiratory Medicine.
London: European Respiratory Medicine.

Breathe Freely Organisation. (2021).
Stonemason.
https://breathe-freely-staging.wabbajack.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/stonemason_fact_sheet.pdf

British Lung Foundation. (2017).
Estimating the Economic Burden of Respiratory Illness in the UK.
http://allcatsrgrey.org.uk/wp/download/respiratory_diseases/PC-1601_-_Economic_burden_report_FINAL_8cdaba2a-589a-4a49-bd14-f45d66167795.pdf

Donaldson, K., Wallace, W., Henry, C., & Seaton, A. (2017). Death in the New Town: Edinburgh’s hidden story of stonemason’s silicosis.
Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.
https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/jrcpe_47_4_donaldson.pdf

Feary, J., Suojalehto, H., & Cullinan, P. (2020).
Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease.
London: European Respiratory Society. Occupational Health & Hygiene Essay

Koh, D. S. Q. & Gan, W. H. (2022).
Textbook of Occupational Medicine Practice (Fifth Edition).
Cambridge: World Scientific.

McCleery, A. (2020).
The Great Tradie Shame: One in Five Stonemasons have been diagnosed with a killer disease in the worst crisis for workers since asbestos.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7904725/One-five-stonemasons-diagnosed-killer-disease-worst-worker-crisis-asbestos.html

Rosental, P. (2017).
Silicosis: A World History.
New York: JHU Press.

Salciccioli, J. D., Marshall, D. C., Shalhoub, J., Maruthappu, M., Carlo, G., & Chung, K. F. (2018). Respiratory disease mortality in the United Kingdom compared with EU15+ countries in 1985-2015: observational study.
NIH National Library of Medicine.
Doi: 10.1136/bmj.k4680. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259045/

Segelov Taylor Lawyers. (2020).
Silicosis and Stonemasons.

Silicosis and Stonemasons

The Asthma and Lung UK Company.
The Battle for Breath – The Economic Burden of Lung Disease.
https://www.blf.org.uk/policy/economic-burden

The HSE. (2022).
Controlling Exposure to Stone Dust.
https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg201.pdf

The HSE. (2022a).
Stoneworker.
https://www.hse.gov.uk/lung-disease/stonemasonry.htm#:~:text=How%20to%20control,water%20suppression%20and%20process%20changes.

The HSE. (2022b).
Silicosis.
https://www.hse.gov.uk/lung-disease/silicosis.htm

The HSE. (2022c).
Silica Dust.
https://www.hse.gov.uk/stonemasonry/silica-dust.htm

The NHS Lothian. (2022).
Stonemason Medicals.
https://services.nhslothian.scot/occupationalhealthcommercial/Services/Pages/StonemasonMedicals.aspx

The NHS. (2022).
Respiratory Disease.
https://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/clinical-policy/respiratory-disease/

The State of Queensland. (2019).
Code of Practice 2019.
https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/32413/managing-respirable-crystalline-silica-dust-exposure-in-the-stone-benchtop-industry-code-of-practice-2019.pdf

The WHO. (2022).
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd) Occupational Health & Hygiene Essay

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Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop

Table of Contents

Introduction. 3

Section 1: Risk Audit and Mitigation. 4

Commercial risk factors I have taken up to this point
4

The Executive Biking Shop
. 4

Products Sold and Other Business Considerations according to the Law
.. 9

The Legal Structure of My Business
. 12

The Legal Agreements Required
. 13

Intellectual Property
. 13

Consideration of Operating Internationally
. 14

Section 2: Response to Commercial Scenario. 14

References. 17

 

 
 

BEMM386 Business Law and Mitigating Risk

The Executive Biking Shop

Superior Sporting Bikes, Quality Bicycles, Gear, Repair, and Consultation from the Best Experts 

Introduction

According to Thomson Reuters (2022), due to recent high-profile corporate bankruptcies, failures, and scandals, the corporate world in the UK (United Kingdom) nowadays has to face a stronger corporate governance demand and a stricter regulations regime. As such, any type of business in the UK including business start-ups should strictly embrace best business law practices and incorporate an effective risk management strategy to mitigating their risks. Moreover, Thomson Reuters (2022) notes that all businesses including business startups should also have an in-depth comprehension of business law and commercial risk related to their own business contexts. Most importantly, the market, creditors, suppliers, insurers, investors, and shareholders will mostly view a particular business as risky when it fails to implement effective strategies to monitor risks. Hence, businesses should understand the various legal risk categories, including tax, product liability, media, labour, intellectual property, insurance, health and safety, environmental, data protection, crime, corporate governance, contract, competition and compliance, and bankruptcy and insolvency (Allianz Insurance PLC, 2022) Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop. Other business risks in reference to Allianz Insurance PLC (2022) include pandemic outbreak, cyber incidents, business interruption, changes in regulation and legislation, market developments, climate change, new technologies, fire and explosions, and loss of brand value or reputation. Notably, it is also paramount for businesses in the UK including business startups to comply with the stipulated laws and regulations in their operations to avoid any litigations that might adversely affect their business brand and reputation (GOV. UK., 2022). This module assessment will discuss a risk audit and legal mitigation for the Executive Biking Shop business startup, as well as provide a comprehensive response to a commercial scenario.

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Section 1: Risk Audit and Mitigation

Commercial risk factors I have taken up to this point

The Executive Biking Shop

In particular, the Executive Biking Shop is a business startup in the UK that was started 6 months ago and its operations are gradually growing despite facing some common challenges that many businesses encounter in the UK. In principle, during its inception, I had to comply with all the stipulated legal requirements for starting a business in the UK with the assistance of a legal consultant who happens to be a reputable UK lawyer. Some of these legal requirements I had to comply with included adhering to the
UK business rules and regulations,
utilising the GOV.UK, registering the business, acquiring a license for the business, getting insured, and getting legal assistance (Andrews, 2022). Other legal requirements included complying with the equal opportunities provision, complying with data laws, checking the
Employees’ Right to Work,
performing a DBS Check for all my new employees, and sending written statements of employment. Furthermore, other legal requirements included adhering to the
Health & Safety
provision, complying with the
National Minimum Wage,
naming my business, selecting my business’s legal status, and acquiring a license for my business under sole partnership (UK Insurance Limited, 2022). Other legal requirements included registering and reporting to the HMRC (HM Revenue and Customs), as well as complying with the Pensions provision (Allianz Insurance PLC., 2022). Subsequently, I also had to seek the necessary legal requirements from my university to operate the business within its premise since it was supposed to be based within the university campus.

On the other hand, I also had to consider different commercial risk factors for my business, including tax, product liability, media, labour, intellectual property, insurance, health and safety, and environmental (Net Lawman, 2020). Other commercial risk factors I considered included data protection, crime, corporate governance, contract, competition and compliance, bankruptcy and insolvency, fraud, loss of brand value or reputation, fires and explosions, new technologies, climate change, market developments, and changes in regulation and legislation. Others included business interruption, cyber incidents, pandemic outbreak, security risk, strategic risk, reputation risk, liability risk, and financial risk (Addison & Khan Solicitors, 2022).

In particular, I had to consider financial risk since I fully understand that it is the biggest risk that many small businesses encounter in their operations (Allianz Insurance PLC., 2022). I also knew that financial risk entails other commercial risk factors, including cash flow issues, economic shocks, economic conditions, and the future and current economic climate (GOV. UK., 2022a). Hence, I had to undertake legal risk mitigation measures through ensuring that I hired the services of a friend who is a renowned financial consultant in the UK. Ideally, I must note that I am lucky since this good friend of mine promised to always provide me with valuable financial advice at no cost due to our family ties and close relationship. Thus, it was paramount for me to invest in a financial hedge through having a financial emergency fund where I invested some money for any financial risks that might occur during my business operations (Helen, 2019).

In practice, I also had to consider strategic risk as a commercial risk factor because I had not developed and implemented any formalised decision-making processes since the business is a sole-proprietorship where I am the ultimate boss. I also understand that strategic risk entails undertaking key concepts, including establishing major strategies for each of my business’s business cycle stage because the challenges are different (Harris, 2020). Moreover, in strategic risk, I had to decide about my business’s marketing strategy, sales strategy, target market, ideal business structure, shifting external environment, competitors, and technology shift. Hence, I invest heavily on research and planning to mitigate this strategic risk through conducting research-based on my competitors and industry trend (Andrews, 2022).

In the same breath, I also had to consider reputation risk since it is among the most frequently overlooked business risks. Notably, I had to consider reputation risk because I fully understand that the reputation of any business is its most paramount valuable asset since startups such as the Executive Biking Shop had to build a good reputation. Thus, a good reputation significantly enables businesses and business startups to grow effectively especially in this digital era of using technology and social media. It is imperative to note that in this digital era, it is gradually becoming both harder and easier to manage the reputation of a particular business. Hence, I had to ensure that I capitalise on this digital era to conduct my marketing and sales activities, as well as real-time customer interactions using different social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram among others. In particular, my legal mitigation measures for tackling the reputation risk included respond to clients’ issues and complaints with empathy, always showing gratitude, and encouraging feedback, both negative and positive. I also ensured that I established a customer relationship department specifically to handle customer service on a real-time basis to continue building my business’s reputation effectively. I also developed and implemented a social media policy, outlining how all my business’s employees should portray the company and interact with customers. I also undertook a customer service training sessions for all my employees and have ensured that they undertake continuous training sessions to enable them become abreast with the latest customer service trends.

In principle, I also considered liability risk because many small business startups are most vulnerable due to their small sizes. As such, in liability risk, I understood that different damages, including contractual obligations failure, property damage, or customer or employee injuries could lead to costly fines and lawsuits for my business. I also understood that my business did not have adequate resources to compensate effectively for any damages without adversely affecting the cash flow of my business. Notably, the legal mitigation I undertook for this liability risk included investing in appropriate legal advice from my lawyer, developing best HR (Human Resources) and safety practices, drafting legally binding employment contracts, and investing in appropriate insurance coverages (Addison & Khan Solicitors, 2022).

On the other hand, I also considered business interruption risk since I was fully aware that my business could be disrupted without warning and at any time especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic. I also understand that various risks could result in business interruption risk, including natural disasters and calamities, severe damage to equipment or inventory, supply chain risks, and business continuity plans. Notably, to handle this business interruption risk, the legal mitigation measures I undertook included implementing effective continuity plans, establishing a crisis committee, and developing a business policy, which greatly ensures that it retains the business reputation and customers (Helen, 2019).

In practice, I also considered security risk for my business, including cyber risk, data penalties, fines, and breaches, as well as IT (Information Technology) failure. I understood that cyber risk primarily referred to the threat of reputational damage, disruption, or financial loss to a business because of various failures from its IT systems (FSB, 2020). Notably, IT was and has been the backbone of my business, meaning that implementing appropriate legal mitigations was the only option. It was also paramount for me to note that my business’s employees would also engage in cyber risk since they would be privy to my clients’ data. Hence, some legal mitigation measures I undertook included conducting background checks on all my employees, according to the DBS Check, as well as implementing awareness and training programmes (Thomson Reuters, 2022a) Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop. Other legal mitigations included incorporating vigorous and effective security breach reporting processes, using strong password manager tools and passwords, continuous updates of the IT systems, installing strong firewalls, and conducting awareness and training programmes. I also installed the latest Risk Management Information System to greatly assist in managing and mitigating any risks (Green, 2021).

On the other hand, I also considered intellectual property risk to enforce and safeguard the business’s intellectual property rights. Notably, this included registering the different forms of my business’s IP (intellectual property) rights according to the UK laws, namely Copyright, Designs, Patents, and Trade Marks with the IPO (Intellectual Property Office). I also undertook Employer’s Liability Insurance to safeguard my business from any employee claims following an illness or accident suffered due to working for my business (Burges Salmon, 2021).

Moreover, I also described my business according to the law where I stated that the Executive Biking Shop will offer superior quality sporting bikes and bicycles, gear, repair, and consultation to its customers and it consists of experts that have vast bicycle racing experience. The campus market is the niche for the shop since it wants to take advantage of cycling which has become the most economical and healthiest mode of transportation. Ideally, the shop targets the university students because there is a high turnover because learning is an ongoing process whereby students graduate, and others are admitted. Additionally, the shop also targets the university’s employees that prefer biking to report to work Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop.

 

Products Sold and Other Business Considerations according to the Law

Bicycles:
The Executive Biking Shop sells predominantly new sporting bikes and bicycles particularly the sporting bikes and the mountain bicycle style since the people in the region prefer them because they are faster. Subsequently, the retro-cruiser is the second dominant product that the shop sells. The third dominant product includes racing/touring/sport road bikes that individuals fancy for their leisure time. In addition, the shop also sells some used bicycles specifically as a trade-in service for customers that would want to buy new bicycles.

Accessories:
The shop offers a huge variety of accessories such as comfortable seats, cargo racks, fenders, computer speedometers, locks, and helmets. Other accessories sold are auto roof rack systems, bicycle storage racks, children trailers and seats, messenger/back packs bags/panniers, water bottles, helmets, and headlights.

Clothing:
The shop rotates its clothing line depending on the prevailing season. For instance, in autumn, the shop stocks Gore-Tex and jackets. In winter, the shop offers shoe covers, gloves, insulated pants and jerseys, helmet liners and covers. In spring, the shop starts to display racing shorts and summer jerseys.

Spare Parts:
Spare parts refer to materials or parts that are vital to the basic bicycle functioning. In principle, the installation of these parts is done during service although there is an additional charge that is beyond the required service fee.

Description of my Business Venture

The business is called Executive Biking Shop, and it started six months ago as a business venture because the business owner is a bicycle-cycling enthusiast. He wanted to introduce sporting bikes and bicycles as a mode of transportation to the university student population. The shop has received an overwhelming response, and the owner wants to expand the business to meet the customer’s high demand. The business is a sole proprietorship, and the owner is called Michael Jones, a Fourth-year student. To date, the business has achieved tremendous accomplishments such as the owner has been voted the best campus entrepreneur and its profits has doubled since its inception.

Description of Product/Service

Executive Biking Shop sells various products, which include sporting bikes, mountain bicycles, retro-cruiser, racing/touring/sport road bicycles, and a variety of accessories, clothing, and spare parts. The shop also provides consultancy services to its customers especially when they would want to pursue cycling as a competitive sport because it employs individuals that have vast experiencing in cycling. These products offer different features such as the latest mountain bike that has gears for varied speeds, safety helmets that prevent injury, and some bikes have a motor engine that enables a customer to accelerate speed. The business offers the best solution to the university fraternity through the provision of bicycles as the most reliable, economical, fast, and healthiest mode of transportation. The pricing of the products and services are pocket-friendly because they the shop acknowledges that most students are not financially empowered and will not afford exorbitant prices.

Marketing Plan

The primary market for Executive Biking Shop is the student population at the university because their growth/turnover is approximately 30% annually. The secondary market for the shop consists of the university staff and faculty while its tertiary market comprises of the surrounding community within the university. Currently, the shop enjoys a monopoly since no other full-service bicycle shop is focused on these products and services. The shop plans on marketing and promoting its products and services to the university population and the surrounding community through brochures, as well as online marketing.

 

 

 

Industry

The industry segments for the business are transportation and recreation. The industry condition for these two industry segments is expanding because many people recognize that cycling is economical and healthy. In addition, lack of parking space for cars at the University is another factor that drives the shop’s local market and bicycle transportation has proven to be space and time efficient, as well as economical.

Customers

The customers for the shop include the student population, as well as the university staff and faculty, as well as the surrounding community within the university. One section of the customers is price constrained while the other section prefers the latest sporting bikes and bicycles, the number of gears, and frame style. The student population consists of youth aged between 18-28 years while the university staff and faculty comprise of older people aged 29-50 years. These customers want a mode of transport that is fast, economical, and time efficient. They also recognize that cycling is a form of exercise activity that keeps the body fit and healthy. Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop The shop’s products and services satisfy customer needs effectively.

Competition, Advertising, and Promotion

Presently, the shop enjoys a monopoly because there is no other business within the University or the surrounding community that offers similar products and services. The shop intends to advertise and promote its products and services through brochures and online marketing particularly on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

Location

The shop is located at the main entrance to the University, which is important because every person entering and leaving the university can strategically see the shop. Notably, this entrance is also located on the road that leads to the surrounding community where other people can see the shop.

Suppliers

The Executive Biking Shop sources its bicycles and other spare parts from the sole distributor of bicycles in the UK that are imported from various countries globally. The shop ensures that the quality of its products is superior and durable.

Management

Since this is a sole proprietorship business, there are two levels of management, which are the business owner and the employees. The business thrives on ensuring that the employees perform their duties independently although the owner only supervises and guides them. The shop owner also has other business interests in real estates, which provide additional financial resources.

Financial Plan

The turnover for the last six months when the business was incepted has doubled to nearly £100,000, and it was to expand its operations to meet the increasing customer demands. Hence, it requires £100,000 for this expansion, the business owner already has £60,000, and an additional capital of £40,000 is needed. This funding will enable the shop to meet its financial projections and have an extra £5,000 for emergency purposes. It seeks to secure the £40,000 from a financial institution through providing various securities to act as collateral for the funding.

The Legal Structure of My Business

The legal structure of my business included registering it as a sole proprietorship, such as checking my suitability as a sole proprietor, selecting my business name, checking the records I needed to keep, and registering for tax (GOV. UK., 2022). In principle, since it is a sole proprietorship business, there are two levels of management, which are the business owner and the employees. The business thrives on ensuring that the employees perform their duties independently although the owner only supervises and guides them. Moreover, the owner is in charge of the overall day-to-day operations and the business consists of three major departments. These three departments include the sales and marketing department, the customer relationships department, and the operations department. It is worth noting that each of these three departments is headed by a supervisor reporting directly to the owner. Thus, the management of the business comprises of the owner and the three supervisors Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop.

The Legal Agreements Required

The legal agreements required for my business include selecting my business’s unique name, selecting my business’s legal status with the Companies House, registering as a sole proprietor, and registering with HMRC. Other legal agreements include a legal business contract with my University, VAT (Value Added Tax) registration, Employer’s Liability Insurance, and other insurance covers, such as Business Interruption, Cyber Cover, Product Liability, Fires and Explosions, and Fraud and Theft. Others include Employment Opportunities agreement, Data Laws agreement, written statements of employment, Health & Safety, National Minimum Wage, Pensions agreement, Intellectual Property agreements, contractual agreements with my suppliers, tenancy agreements, HMRC papers, and financial agreements.

Intellectual Property

In particular, as noted above, intellectual property is paramount to my business since it enforces and safeguards the business’s intellectual property rights. Notably, this includes registering the different forms of my business’s IP (intellectual property) rights according to the UK laws, namely Copyright, Designs, Patents, and Trade Marks with the IPO (Intellectual Property Office). Intellectual property also ensures that the business is protected from other businesses that would attempt to steal the business’s idea and online activities (Burges Salmon, 2021).

 

Consideration of Operating Internationally

Importantly, my business has plans to expand its operations internationally, although this is contained in its long-term business plan objectives. Thus, since my business is a startup with 6 months in operation in my university campus, it will gradually expand to other local cities within the UK. Hence, my business will undertake thorough viability research and due diligence to ascertain whether it is viable to open additional branches. Moreover, after this local expansion, my business will eventually consider operating internationally to other countries. Notably, this will also include conducting viability research studies and due diligence, as well as considering the necessary regulations and laws for globalisation Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop.

Section 2: Response to Commercial Scenario

In reference to the commercial scenario provided, the following is the heads of agreement in reference to CFI Education Inc. (2022):

Heads of Agreement

Party Details:

Party A:
The Good Bake

Party B:
White Noise

 

Transaction Details:

Project:
Agreement to a Formal Supply of Goods Contract

Costs:
Both parties will incur their own costs as per a later agreement

 

Terms & Conditions:

Condition 1:
The Good Bake shall produce and make available a minimum of 30 units per day to White Noise exclusively.

Condition 2:
Delivery to 5 x White Noise premises each day by 6.30am. Timing to be of essence.

Condition 3:
Term. The Good Bake will be subject to a minimum contract term of 12 months.

 

Responsibilities of Parties:

The Good Bake will be responsible for ensuring that it supplies its products according to a later agreement.

White Noise will be responsible for ensuring that it complies with a later agreement, including its terms and conditions.

 

Signature The Good Bake:
                           
                Signature White Noise:
              

 

In reference to the above Heads of Agreement, Condition 1 was reached upon analysing different major risk factors, such as The Good Bake’s capacity to produce and make the available minimum of 30 units per day to White Noise exclusively. Notably, some other risk factors considered included the cost of opening new units to achieve the required supply required, additional employees’ costs, and other expenses. Moreover, Condition 2 was reached upon analysing The Good Bake’s capacity to transport and delivery the required supply at that particular time without failure. Thus, it was agreed upon that a distribution company would be contracted to undertake this particular condition and the costs involved. Condition 3 was reached upon analysing different major risks, including the overall costs involved in the entire contract against the minimum contract term of 12 months. The entire contract costs include expanding the production capacity by hiring 4 more employees and a regulatory expert, contracting a distribution company, and new commercial kitchens Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop.

On the other hand, according to White Noise proposed commercial terms, it was in the best interest of The Good Bake to disagree with some of its commercial terms. For instance, the commercial term regarding “No minimum order quantity from White Noise” would put The Good Bake at a higher risk of producing the minimum 30 units per day. Thus, White Noise should commit itself to a minimum order quantity since The Good Bake was undertaking a huge investment. The other commercials terms, including termination and unit prices were found to put The Good Bake at higher risks since both parties should reserve the right to terminate the contract. The Good Bake is also not obliged to deliver its secret recipe and process to White Noise under any circumstances.

 

 

4.     References

Addison & Khan Solicitors. (2022).
What are the Legal Requirements for Starting A Small Business in the UK?

What are the Legal Requirements for Starting A Small Business in the UK?

Allianz Insurance PLC. (2022).
The top ten risks for UK businesses in 2021.
https://www.allianz.co.uk/news-and-insight/insight-and-expertise/the-top-ten-risks-for-uk-businesses-in-2021.html

Andrews, H. (2022).
The Legal Requirements to Start a Small Business in the UK Explained.
https://articles.bplans.com/legal-requirements-uk-small-business/

Burges Salmon. (2021).
A guide to intellectual property rights in the UK.
https://www.burges-salmon.com/news-and-insight/legal-updates/a-guide-to-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-uk#:~:text=Unregistered%20rights%3A%20Unlike%20trade%20marks,be%20written%20down%20or%20recorded.

CFI Education Inc. (2022).
Heads of Agreement.
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/deals/heads-of-agreement/

FSB. (2020).
What legal documentation does my small business need?
https://www.fsb.org.uk/resources-page/what-legal-documentation-does-my-small-business-need.html

GOV. UK. (2022).
Set up a business.
https://www.gov.uk/set-up-business

GOV. UK. (2022a).
Set up as self-employed (a ‘sole trader’): step by step.
https://www.gov.uk/set-up-self-employed

Green, N. (2021).
Small business compliance UK – what you need to know.
https://www.unbiased.co.uk/life/small-business/small-business-compliance-uk-what-you-need-to-know

Harris, S. K. (2020).
Legal aspects of starting a small business. Don’t make these common mistakes.
https://www.accountsandlegal.co.uk/legal-advice/legal-aspects-of-starting-a-small-business

Helen, H. (2019).
What are the legal requirements for starting a small business in the UK?
https://citrushr.com/blog/hr-management/legal-requirements-for-starting-a-small-business-uk/

Net Lawman. (2020).
How to work out which documents your start-up needs.
https://www.netlawman.co.uk/ia/legal-documents-start-ups-need

Thomson Reuters. (2022).
Managing risk across your company.
https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/7-606-4285?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29

Thomson Reuters. (2022a).
Doing Business in the UK (England and Wales): Overview.
https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/5-500-5090?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true

UK Insurance Limited. (2022).
10 important legal documents for small businesses.
https://www.directlineforbusiness.co.uk/small-business-insurance/knowledge-centre/running-your-business/legal-documents-for-small-businesses Business Law and Mitigating Risk Essay – The Executive Biking Shop

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sharing economy case study example essay

AS1: THE SHARING ECONOMY

A Brief Description of the Business Concept

According to the Corporate Finance Institute (2022), the sharing economy can be defined as a valuable economic model whereby resources and goods are shared by groups and individuals in a specific collaborative manner, enabling physical assets to be transformed into services. The Corporate Finance Institute (2022) further notes that the tremendous growth being experienced in the sharing economy has been primarily facilitated and enabled through technological advances in online platforms and big data. The sharing economy case study example essay also greatly assists organisations and individuals to earn profits and immense revenues from their underutilised resources. In essence, the latest technological advancements have played an integral role in facilitating the growth in the sharing economy to its current level. According to reliable future projections, the momentum in the sharing economy will be accelerated with additional digital connections (Sundararajan, 2016). This report will undertake a short literature review on the factors inhibiting and promoting participation in the Sharing Economy, develop a Business Concept Statement for the new business unit, and identify any similar initiatives undertaken by Pentax’s competitors.

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In particular, the sharing economy concept has also been described as a socio-economic system created and established within the philosophy of sharing resources. Thus, the sharing economy primarily entails a method of purchasing services and goods, which contrasts the traditional business model of many organisations hiring workers to manufacture products that their consumers purchase. It is imperative to note that sharing economy entails the shared trade, distribution, production, creation, and consumption of services and goods by various organisations and individuals (Wruk, Oberg, and Maurer, 2019) sharing economy case study example essay.

Moreover, systems utilised in sharing economy take a wide range of forms, including leveraging on IT (information technology), specifically different digital platforms, to empower government institutions, non-profit organisations, corporations, and individuals with information, enabling the reuse, sharing, and distribution of excess capacity in services and goods. Importantly, there are two fundamental forms of sharing economy initiatives, including the commercial initiative, whereby businesses offer services and goods to customers for profit. The other form is the non-profit initiative, primarily founded on the book-lending libraries concept, whereby services and goods are offered for free or at a modest subscription (Lansley, 2016). Notably, Pentax can effectively utilise the Sharing Economy concept to drastically improve its global markets’ business operations by bringing together sellers with camera equipment and tools, as well as customers with demand to satisfy their needs.

The Market Need

According to RICOH Imaging Company Limited (2022), Pentax has a belief and philosophy in the SLR photography future since it has a huge market both in Japan and other global markets. It is also worth noting that Pentax is the prominent SLR cameras pioneer in Japan, making it devote all its assets, including passion, technologies, and philosophy, to this great camera’s development. Notably, the PENTAX K-3 Mark III is the APS-C-format SLR lineup’s new flagship that is envisioned to attract a huge market in the global market. In reference to DP Review (2022), Pentax has been an active company since 1952, primarily in the worldwide consumer photography market. DP Review (2022) also notes that the lineup of products from Pentax might not be the biggest in the global market, but Ricoh has endeavoured to develop innovative, solid products mainly under the
“Pentax brand name,”
which has continued to retain a tremendous loyal users’ base globally. The following illustrations are examples of digital cameras from Pentax:

Pentax 645z Medium Format DSLR (PetaPixel, 2022)

Pentax K-3 III (RICOH Imaging Company Limited, 2022)

In addition, DP Review (2022) notes that the market need for Pentax products is incredibly high globally because of the latest technological advancements, including the emergence of the Internet, Smartphones, and digitalised cameras. sharing economy case study example essay According to recent research studies conducted by renowned scholars, many people worldwide are searching for high-quality camera products, and Pentax is among the companies that produce such cameras. Notably, Pentax also published what is referred to as Pentax K-S2, a brand new DSLR entry level with unique features and tons of colorways, which has been a massive attraction to many female users, professionals, and amateurs globally. It is also imperative to note that Pentax K-S2 is also completely waterproof, and research has shown that it is rare to find such a product within any entry brand model. Hence, this ensures that Pentax has an added advantage and a competitive edge with its Pentax K-S2, especially within the entry brand models (DP Review, 2022).

Research has also shown that many customers globally prefer superior cameras, and Pentax has continued to meet this particular market need through the size of the sensor in its full-frame digital cameras (DP Review, 2022). Subsequently, the full-frame sensor size of Pentax cameras balances the image quality and portability, which many customers prefer nowadays. Moreover, Pentax is also focused on developing its lens lines and High-End DSLR, making it among the popular companies globally. The illustration below portrays digital camera value and shipments from 2003 to 2021, with 2011 being the highest year in the industry when units shipped peaked significantly:

(PetaPixel, 2022)

Notably, from the above illustration, it is noticeable that the DSLR Value has plateaued and maintained its prominence, meaning that Pentax has high chances of succeeding in the industry through its innovative products. Notably, with the utilization of the proposed sharing economy, Pentax will gain a considerable market share in the global market since it already enjoys popularity for many years despite experiencing numerous growth challenges in the industry. Hence, the market needs for Pentax products will continue to grow with the latest technological advancements and increased usage of digitalised cameras (PetaPixel, 2022) sharing economy case study example essay.

My Solution

In reference to the above literature, my solution is that Pentax should embrace the sharing economy concept, especially for its flagship models, including the Pentax K3 Mark III APS-C model. Notably, the latest technological advancements, such as the Internet, will provide Pentax with a huge opportunity to market its products through different online platforms where customers can view them and analyse their features and specifications globally. The sharing economy concept also provides Pentax with a unique global space where it can sell its brand name globally since it will not only be restricted to the Japanese market sharing economy case study example essay. It is also noticeable from the above literature that the market need for Pentax products is incredibly high globally because of the latest technological advancements and increased usage of digitalised cameras. Thus, this provides Pentax with a unique global opportunity to succeed once again through the sharing economy concept as it used to excel in the previous years (Davidson, Finck, & Infranca, 2018).

My Proposed Business Model

In particular, my proposed business model to Pentax is to embrace and adopt the sharing economy concept because it will significantly assist the company in excelling in the global market since it will attain global exposure. Thus, Pentax should adopt the sharing economy concept to recover from its previous failures and regain its status on an international level, not only in Japan (Gaol, Filimonova, & Acharya, 2020). Pentax should acknowledge that the world has been transformed into a unique global village through the latest technological advancements. Hence, adopting the sharing economy concept will be more beneficial since it will provide the company with worldwide exposure and a vast global market to sell its innovative products.

Factors Promoting and Inhibiting participation in the Sharing Economy

Factors promoting participation in the Sharing Economy include motivation and decision, economic factors, and environmental factors (Ravenelle, 2019). In particular, motivation and decision greatly assist people to perform specific actions, which eventually promote new business units within different markets, especially when their needs are being satisfied. In reference to Deckers (2018), numerous research studies conducted by renowned scholars have shown three significant conditions that motivate business organisations to make informed decisions, including intensity, persistence, and activation.

Deckers (2018) further states that these three critical conditions greatly assist these business organisations to realise that their informed decisions will help them attain their projected objectives by influencing customers’ decision-making processes. Notably, Pentax can utilise this motivation and decision factor to explore the sharing economy concept and influence many customers in the global market, such as the American market. Moreover, the sharing platform in the sharing economy associated with peer-to-peer can greatly assist Pentax in understanding the users’ motives for engagement.

On the other hand, Lansley (2016) noted that economic factors also promote the sharing economy concept since it greatly assists in increasing the levels of entrepreneurship and productivity. Moreover, economic factors also motivate creativity and innovation and drastically reduce the cost of products. It is paramount to note that when Pentax uses technology through the sharing economy concept, the company will significantly minimise its production costs since it will create various services within the global markets. In particular, research has shown that there exists a massive demand for digitalised cameras from many customers globally due to the emergence of the latest technological advancements. Hence, Pentax should take advantage of this enormous opportunity brought by the sharing economy concept to recover from its current status and grow its products and sales globally due to attaining international exposure.

In practice, environmental factors also play an integral role in promoting the sharing economy concept since they provide greater attention and focus on the concerns and issues associated with the environment. Lansley (2016) articulated that the media has played a vital role in promoting the importance of sustainability, leading to attention to challenges that developing world economies encounter, including drought, famine, environmental degradation, and overpopulation. Hence, environmental factors will significantly assist Pentax in producing innovative products that are environmentally friendly and sustainable to the environment through the sharing economy concept.

On the other hand, factors inhibiting the sharing economy concept include conflicts with prevailing businesses, transaction and social risk, and expensive services (Sigler & Corcoran, 2021) sharing economy case study example essay. Thus, Pentax should be aware of these factors when adopting the sharing economy concept since they can prevent the company from achieving higher benefits. For instance, Pentax should strive to produce pocket-friendly products, minimise conflicts with prevailing businesses, and mitigate transaction and social risk to succeed effectively in the sharing economy concept.

My Unique Value Proposition (UVP)

In particular, Pentax products are unique and different from others in the marketplace because of their innovative, solid products. Notably, Pentax products have special features, including being completely waterproof, tons of colorways, the huge size of the sensor, the full-frame that balances the image quality and portability, and full-frame digital cameras. Moreover, other features of Pentax products include being Japan’s SLR cameras’ pioneer, remarkable camera development, high-performance viewfinder, pleasant shutter action, ergonomic design, new-generation hyper operation system, and additional versatile smart function (RICOH Imaging Company Limited, 2022).

A Succinct Competitive Analysis

Notably, some of Pentax’s major competitors include Nikon and Canon, as well as different third-party lens manufacturers, including Tamron and Sigma. It is worth noting that Nikon and Canon are among the leading players in the industry that dethroned Pentax from the helm of being among the leaders in the previous years. On the other hand, Tamron and Sigma are renowned for being third-party lens manufacturers that have also dominated the industry. In particular, Canon has taken advantage of the numerous opportunities that the sharing economy concept provides, and the company has already adopted it to attain a unique competitive edge (Muurinen, 2021). It is paramount to note that these four competitors have gradually acquired massive market shares globally, although Pentax has a huge opportunity to provide them with stiff competition, especially after applying the sharing economy concept effectively.

A Quick Overview of My Marketing Plan

In principle, my marketing plan will primarily utilise the latest technological advancements, especially the Internet, through its numerous online platforms, such as social media platforms and Pentax company’s website. Notably, my marketing plan will entail using different social media platforms, such as Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp, among others. The marketing plan will utilise these Internet platforms since they will provide Pentax with a global exposure targeting the international market instead of being restricted only in Japan. Hence, this will ensure that all Pentax products and reviews are online through the Internet, where customers globally can access them, read their features and specifications, and make their orders to buy them.

 
 

References

Corporate Finance Institute. (2022).
Sharing Economy.
Available at: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/sharing-economy/ (Accessed: 17 March 2022).

Davidson, N, M., Finck, M., and Infranca, J. J. (2018).
The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of the Sharing Economy.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Deckers, L. (2018).
Motivation: Biological, Psychological, and Environmental.
New York: Routledge.

DP Review. (2022).
PENTAX.
Available at: https://www.dpreview.com/products/pentax (Accessed: 17 March 2022) sharing economy case study example essay.

Gaol, F. L., Filimonova, N., and Acharya, C. (2020). 
Impact of disruptive technologies on the sharing economy
. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference.

Lansley, S. (2016). 
A sharing economy: How social wealth funds could tackle inequality and balance the books
. Bristol: Policy Press.

Muurinen, M. (2021).
Why Canon Australia ventured into the sharing economy.
Available at: https://www.sharetribe.com/academy/canon-sharing-economy/ (Accessed: 17 March 2022).

PetaPixel. (2022).
Ricoh Pentax: The Beginning of the End or the Start of a Bright Future?
Available at: https://petapixel.com/2022/01/21/ricoh-pentax-the-beginning-of-the-end-or-the-start-of-a-bright-future/ (Accessed: 17 March 2022).

Ravenelle, A. J. (2019). 
Hustle and gig: Struggling and surviving in the sharing economy
. Oakland, California: University of California Press.

RICOH Imaging Company Limited. (2022).
PENTAX K-3 III.
Available at: https://www.ricoh-imaging.co.jp/english/products/k-3-3/ (Accessed: 17 March 2022).

Sigler, T., and Corcoran, J. (2021). 
A Modern Guide to the Urban Sharing Economy
. Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.

Sundararajan, A. (2016). 
The sharing economy: The end of employment and the rise of crowd-based capitalism
. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

Wruk, D., Oberg, A., & Maurer, I. (2019). 
Perspectives on the sharing economy
. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing sharing economy case study example essay.

Nursing Papers Examples

As a student, it is important to go through different nursing papers examples written by experts. This will help them have quality understanding and knowledge on how to write the best nursing paper. You can also get nursing paper examples from our websites to help you structure a nursing paper using the best topics.

In this article, you will learn how to write a nursing paper and different types of nursing papers that you will write in nursing school. This article will also help you understand what a nursing paper means and the importance of writing
nursing papers
in a nursing school.

What is a nursing paper

A nursing paper is generally academic writing that every nursing student must write during study. Writing a nursing paper helps your nursing instructor to assess and determine your writing skills, knowledge, and understanding of a particular nursing subject. Before writing your nursing paper, you can go through different nursing papers examples that will help you learn how to structure an outstanding paper in nursing.

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Nursing is a broad field of study that deals with various sciences. If you are a nursing student, you must have enough knowledge and understanding of different subjects in the nursing field. As a nursing student, you will be required to submit various
nursing assignments
, such as reports and projects, and write a nursing paper to boost your grades in nursing.   To write high-quality nursing research, you must learn how to structure and organize your data using the correct nursing paper format.

You must look for examples of nursing papers and learn how to develop an excellent topic for your essay. A great nursing paper topic must have a variety of information sources that you will use to conduct your research. In this article, we will provide you with various topics that you can use to write in your nursing paper.

How to write a nursing paper

How do you write a nursing paper? This is the first question that will come to your mind when you are assigned a nursing paper for the first time. At this point, you might think about getting assignment help or researching how you will write your nursing paper.

In this blog, we will provide step-by-step guidelines on how to structure your nursing paper. By following these guidelines gathered by our experts, be assured that you will write the best nursing paper unique from others. Below is a simple guide on how you will structure your nursing paper:

Read the instructions and understand your assignment

You must read your nursing paper question thoroughly and understand the expected requirements. Understanding your question will help you determine the type of nursing paper you must write. This will allow you to plan and write your nursing paper on time.

Develop a topic

This is a very important part that you need to consider when planning your nursing paper, especially when your professor has not provided you with a topic that you will use for your article. You must ensure that the topic you choose for your nursing paper relates to your nursing interests and that there are enough sources of information based on the topic.

Research

After choosing a topic for your paper, you must conduct thorough research using reliable sources. Make sure that you gather as much information as possible and narrow down your ideas. Remember to note down everything you read and name the source of information.

Outline

To write a great nursing paper, you must first create a draft. This helps you to list important points and classify them appropriately. When you categorize your data, you be able to develop relevant content for your nursing paper.

Write your introduction paragraph

In this part, you will write a brief statement of about 100 to 150 words. You must provide your reader with a brief introduction to your paper. In this section, you can also explain the purpose of your topic and why it is important to you.

Body

This is the main part of your
nursing paper
. Here you will present all the information that you have gathered through research. You must avoid using information unrelated to your topic; this will make your nursing paper lose its meaning.

The conclusion paragraph

In this part, you will summarize all the information you discuss in your body. In this section, you must ensure that you avoid introducing new information.

Proofreading and editing

After completing your nursing paper, you must go through your work to check for any mistakes. Ensure that your paper follows all the requirements needed. Correct all grammatical errors and ensure you work on incomplete sentences and punctuation.

What kind of papers do you write in nursing school?

Nursing is a very demanding program in society today. Nursing students must showcase their knowledge of some nursing topics by writing nursing projects, research papers, reports, and other academic writing. You must ensure that you will provide relevant information and structure your work appropriately.

Below is a paper written in nursing school. They include the following:

Nursing care plan

A nursing care plan is written to indicate the nursing process of a particular patient. The nursing process must include assessment, diagnosis, care planning, and interventions. You must write your nursing care plan using the APA format.

Nursing case study

A nursing case study must be written in complete sentences and use correct grammar and punctuation. You will also be required to use reference materials for citation.

Electronic medical record documentation

Powerpoint presentation

Nursing journals

Nursing research papers

Literature review

Lab reports

Nursing dissertation

Nursing essay

Nursing term papers and many more

Nursing paper topic

A good topic is very important in your nursing paper. Choosing the best topic for your paper helps you conduct research and write a quality nursing paper. Nursing students struggle to narrow their ideas to develop a good title for their nursing paper.

You must ensure that your topic analyzes the current healthcare issues. You must ensure that the topic you choose for your nursing paper can easily get information from reliable sources. If you struggle to choose your nursing paper topic, we have gathered over two hundred topics that you can use for your
nursing paper
.

Types of nursing paper topics         

Discuss the courses on ADHD

Discuss the importance of vaccination for young children

Explain the reasons for antibiotic resistance in young children

Describe the causes and prevention of seizures in young children

Discuss the effects of obesity on infants

Describe the importance of pediatric care ethics

Discuss the reasons and prevention of speech disorders

Describe the benefits of speech disorder therapy

Describe the causes and prevention of bipolar disorders in adults

Discuss the importance of dental health

Describe the CV imaging process

Explain the causes and prevention of migraines

Discuss the effects of anxiety disorder

Discuss the importance of mental health and psychiatric care

Describe the importance of mental health awareness

Describe the process of treating the acute coronary syndrome

Discuss the importance of continued midwifery care

Describe the challenges of gestational weight gain

Describe the causes of joint disorders in adults

Describe Parkinson’s disease

Discuss Alzheimer’s disease

Describe the importance of the bladder cancer therapy

Describe the causes of the restless legs syndrome

Explain the requirements of the critical care

Describe stroke and cerebrovascular disease

Describe the causes and prevention of breast cancer

Describe the importance of ovarian disorder analysis in women

What are the causes of sleep disorders in women

Describe the causes of vaginal atrophy

Describe the importance of the modern neonatal practices

Describe the challenges of menopause in women

Discuss the causes of female sexual health disorders

Describe the importance of ethical rules in women’s fertility

Describe the causes and prevention of sleeping disorders in lactating mothers

Discuss the causes of depression in youths

Discuss the causes and prevention of alcohol addiction

Describe the importance of pain management in young children

Describe therapeutic injections

Discuss the importance of using opioids in rheumatoid arthritis

Discuss the reasons why abortion should be legalized

Describe the importance of antenatal care

Describe the importance of gynecology education in adolescent

Describe the management of critical nursing care

Discuss the roles of clinical nursing

Describes the advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine

Describe the responsibilities of a pharmacist

Describe the importance of the parental role in the healthy lifestyle of young children

Discuss the benefits of medical care

Discuss the importance of medical care at home service

Describe reasons why there is a shortage of men in the healthcare facilities

What is an example of nursing research?

Nursing is a broad science field requiring students to conduct research and learn current nursing sources. To complete a nursing research paper successfully, you must have enough knowledge and understanding of different nursing disciplines. You can use expert nursing research examples to help you learn what nursing research looks like.

An example of nursing research will help you as a student to learn the most useful nursing research topics and why it is important. You can get nursing research examples from the online platform and understand the importance of nursing research.

To wrap up

Nursing papers examples are very useful to many nursing students. These examples will help you to learn the current nursing disciplines. For more information, contact our support team or visit our website and get quality nursing paper examples.

Linguistic Imperialism and the English Language taking over and eliminating cultures Essay

Name

Instructor

Course

Date

Linguistic Imperialism and the English Language taking over and eliminating cultures

Introduction

Linguistic imperialism is also known as language imperialism, referring to a dominant language’s unilateral imposition or transfer to other individuals due to imperialism. It is imperative to note that this unilateral imposition or transfer is primarily regarded as a sign of economic power in the current world or traditional military power in previous years. Hence, linguistic imperialism has been found to entail dominance and power. However, it plays an instrumental role in social inequalities establishment between English speakers and other language speakers, leading to a detrimental effect in other cultures. In particular, the English language is widely used in over 130 other regions and countries globally, portraying its dominance over other languages. Linguistic imperialism adversely affects other cultures since the English language is taking over as the dominant language and eliminating cultures in many parts of the world.

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In particular, the English language has continued to increase its worldwide popularity over many decades as the preferred global language due to its immense importance of being utilized as the key communication language in the world’s business world Linguistic Imperialism and the English Language taking over and eliminating cultures Essay. According to Tao (36), the English language has continued to play an integral role since the end of World War II as human communication has endeavored to increase and expand significantly. Tao (36) further articulates that English is widely utilized in between 100 to 130 other regions and countries worldwide and is the only general, semi-official, or official language of over 70 nations. Thus, English is the only language that has spread widely and swiftly in human history. Baugh and Cable (3) expound that the English language is important to the world because it is the preferred major language utilized in the international communication and business world. Tao (37) outlines that the English language is also important globally because it is used as the dominant foreign language, official business is predominantly undertaken using the language, and it is the world’s language of education. Tao (37) further states that English is also utilized as the key language in electronic media and communication, is widely used, spread, and taught as a second or foreign language, and plays a vital role in the world’s daily social life. Notably, English continues to exert its global popularity and dominance due to its importance in various aspects, including its rich culture, tradition, and history and its usage in the world’s economy, commerce and trade, science and technology, and political expediency.

In principle, the English language has been linked to various advantages and disadvantages, specifically in the education sector. In reference to Canagarajah and Ben-Said (392), some advantages of the English language in the education sector include enabling the contemporary forms of educational, media, production, and financial relations across borders. Moreover, English is utilized through the material, infrastructural, and technological resources in the education sector more than other imperialistic languages. Canagarajah and Ben-Said (392) also expound on other advantages of the English language in the education sector, including its usage as a superior language due to its capacity to express multifaceted technical, scientific, and philosophical information. On the other hand, the English language has various disadvantages in the education sector, including infiltrating other languages (Mikanowski par. 4). Hence, this infiltration of other languages is detrimental to these languages because it dilutes their cultures. Other disadvantages include home languages in educational institutions such as universities being reduced for “kitchen” conversations since English is preferred for professional interactions and as the research, business, and science language. Linguistic Imperialism and the English Language taking over and eliminating cultures Essay The English language has numerous advantages in the education sector, including being a superior language in expressing complex technical, scientific, and philosophical information, although the language has other disadvantages, such as infiltrating other languages.

On the other hand, despite the English language being popular and beneficial, it is eliminating nations and cultures worldwide, leading to detrimental effects on them. Mikanowski (par. 20) articulates that the English language is oppressive, specifically when it discourages parents from teaching their children their native languages or silences other languages due to its pervasive influence. Thus, this restricts the passing on of various cultures and native languages to future generations, eventually eliminating nations and cultures. Moreover, nations and cultures are built and preserved through individuals’ learning their native languages, traditions, values, and cultures, which eventually becomes impossible when English silences other languages. Tao (39) outlines that technological and economic underdevelopment leads to groups becoming vulnerable to supersession, engulfment, and invasion by more powerful cultures and languages. Notably, the English language’s oppressive nature can potentially eliminate nations and cultures globally.

Conclusion

In summation, linguistic imperialism adversely affects other cultures since the English language is taking over as the dominant language and eliminating cultures in many parts of the world. In particular, the English language continues to increase its worldwide popularity since it is the major preferred global language because of its prominence as the key communication language in the global business and communication world. However, despite these numerous advantages, English has a huge potential to eliminate nations and cultures worldwide due to its oppressive nature, especially when it silences other languages.

 

Works Cited

Baugh, Albert, C. and Cable, Thomas.
A History of The English Language.
New York, Routledge, 2002.

Canagarajah, Suresh and Ben-Said, Selim. “Linguistic Imperialism.”
ResearchGate,
2011, pp. 391-404.

Chan, Kai.
Is the English language too powerful?
World Economic Forum, 2 Nov. 2018, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/is-english-too-powerful. Accessed 8 Feb. 2023.

Mikanowski, Jacob.
Behemoth, bully, thief: how the English language is taking over the planet.
The Guardian, 27 Jul. 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jul/27/english-language-global-dominance?CMP=share_btn_link. Accessed 8 Feb. 2023.

Tao, Guo. “Globalization of English: Loss of Minority Languages and Cultural Destruction.”
International Forum of Teaching and Studies,
vol. 15, no. 2, 2019, pp. 36-44. Linguistic Imperialism and the English Language taking over and eliminating cultures Essay

Complete Guide on Good Nursing Essay Examples

Are you having trouble writing a top nursing essay? This struggle is among most nursing students due to a lack of enough writing time and a lack of writing skills. You can use many ways to improve your writing skills and deliver an A+ nursing essay. You can use different nursing essay examples from online sources to get more insights on how to complete a first-class nursing essay.

This article will provide informative nursing essay examples you can follow when writing your essay. Let’s begin by first understanding what a nursing essay entails.

What is a nursing essay?

A nursing essay helps college students conduct extensive research on different aspects of healthcare or nursing. As a nursing student, you are required to complete nursing essays as part of their coursework. There are many different types of nursing essays, such as narrative, expository, argumentative, and research.

The purpose of a nursing essay is to help students demonstrate their understanding of nursing theory, as well as their analytical and writing skills. Patient care, nursing ethics, health promotion, nursing theories, and healthcare policy are just some of the possible topics for an essay in the field of nursing. They may also specialize in caring for children, the elderly, or people with mental illness.

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Generally, a good nursing essay will have thorough research, an excellent framework, and clear, concise language. It should also display an appreciation for nursing theory and the ability to assess and finding relevant issues in the nursing. Completing a nursing essay requires you to have adequate time and top writing skills.

How do you start a nursing essay?

To start a nursing essay, you should begin by thoroughly understanding the paper’s topic and purpose. This will help you to develop a clear focus and direction for your writing. Here are some steps you can follow to get started:

Read the essay prompt carefully: Make sure you understand what is being asked of you. Pay attention to the key terms, such as “analyze,” “evaluate,” or “describe,” and make sure you are clear on the expectations for the essay.

Conduct research: Gather information and evidence to support your argument. Use credible sources like peer-reviewed journals, textbooks, and reputable websites.

Organize your thoughts: Create an outline or a mind map to help you organize your ideas and structure your essay. This will also help you identify gaps in your argument or areas where you need more information.

Write an introduction: Start with an attention-grabbing opening sentence that introduces the topic and sets the tone for the essay. Provide background information and context for the topic, and end with a clear thesis statement outlining the essay’s main argument.

Develop the body paragraphs: Each paragraph should focus on a specific point or argument that supports your thesis statement. Use evidence and examples to help your idea, and ensure each section flows logically to the next.

Write a conclusion: Summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement differently. Provide some final thoughts or recommendations for further research or action.

Edit and proofread: Check your essay for grammar and spelling errors, and make sure it is well-organized and coherent. Consider asking a peer or instructor to review your essay and provide feedback.

What should a nursing essay include?

A nursing essay should include the following components:

Informative introduction

The introduction should provide an overview of the topic and context for the essay. It should also include a clear thesis statement that outlines the central argument or purpose of the paper.

Background

Provide relevant background information on the topic, including key concepts, theories, or research studies pertinent to the discussion.

Main body

The essay’s main body should present the main arguments and supporting evidence. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea or concept and logically connect to the discussion.

Analysis

Use critical thinking skills to analyze the evidence and arguments the essay presents. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different viewpoints and consider the implications of the evidence for nursing practice.

Conclusion

Summarize the main points of the essay and restate the thesis statement. Provide some final thoughts or recommendations for future research or action.

List of references

This is the last section of your nursing essay. You will include a list of references cited in the essay using the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

What are the 5 core values a nursing essay should have?

A nursing essay should reflect the core values of the nursing profession. Here are five core values that a nursing essay should have:

1.     Professionalism

A nursing essay should reflect a commitment to high standards of professional practice. It should be well-written, well-organized, and free of errors. The paper should clearly understand the nursing profession and its role in promoting patient health and well-being.

2.     Ethics

A nursing essay should reflect the ethical principles that guide professional conduct, such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The paper should demonstrate a commitment to ethical decision-making and patient-centered care.

3.     Compassion

A nursing essay should reflect a compassionate approach to patient care. The paper should demonstrate understanding of patients’ physical, emotional, and psychological needs and the importance of providing respectful, empathetic, and culturally sensitive care.

4.     Critical thinking

A nursing essay should reflect critical thinking skills essential for nursing practice. The paper should demonstrate an ability to analyze, evaluate, synthesize information, and make evidence-based patient care recommendations.

5.     Lifelong learning

A nursing essay should reflect a commitment to lifelong learning and professional development. The paper should demonstrate an understanding of the importance of ongoing education and staying current with new research, technology, and best practices in nursing.

Why are nursing essay examples important?

Nursing essay examples are important because they can serve as valuable resources for nursing students learning to write effective nursing essays. Here are some reasons why
nursing essay examples
are important:

1.     Understanding essay structure

Nursing essay examples help students understand the structure and organization of an essay. This can include the introduction, body paragraphs, conclusion, and how to incorporate evidence and develop an argument.

2.     Developing critical thinking skills

Nursing essay examples can help students develop critical thinking skills by demonstrating how to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information. This can include critically examining research articles and other sources of evidence.

3.     Learning about nursing practice

Nursing essay examples can help students learn about various aspects of nursing practice, such as patient-centered care, ethics, and communication skills. This can include how to incorporate nursing theory into practice and approach ethical dilemmas in nursing.

4.     Improving writing skills

Nursing essay
examples can help students improve their writing skills by providing examples of effective writing, including grammar, style, and tone. This can help students learn how to communicate their ideas clearly and effectively.

5.     Inspiration and motivation

Nursing essay examples can inspire and motivate nursing students to explore new ideas and topics in their writing. Reading well-written and thoughtful essays can help students develop their writing skills and develop a deeper appreciation for the nursing profession.

Final thoughts

A nursing essay should be well-organized, clearly written, and free of errors in grammar and spelling. It should also demonstrate the writer’s understanding of the nursing practice and the ability to apply nursing theories and concepts in real-world situations. Nursing essay examples help nursing students approach various topics within the field of nursing. They demonstrate the importance of critical thinking, effective communication, and a deep understanding of the complexities of nursing practice.

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Online Nursing Essays

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What are nursing essays

Nursing essays are academic writing written while practicing nursing, studying nursing, and applying for nursing school. Writing an essay is difficult as it requires knowledge of the subject and communication skills. The purpose of a nursing essay is to give a clear and concise description of the topic and provide supportive evidence for ideas.

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Nursing clinical reflection essays

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Journal entries essays

Nursing scholarship essays

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Health Informatics: An Interprofessional Approach Discussion Questions

MOD 3 discussion post

Create a 200 to 300 word discussion post that addresses the following:

Choose one discussion question to answer from the end of each of the assigned chapters. The following information should be included in your answer:

Chapter number and question.

Supporting statements from the readings or literature presented in Module 3.

Use APA format for references.

 

Health Informatics: An Interprofessional Approach
:

Chapter 13: The Evolving ePatient

Chapter 14: Digital Health, Managing Health and Wellness

Chapter 15: Personal Health Records

Chapter 16: Social Media Tools for Health Informatics

 

CH13

Discussion Questions

Discuss reasons why clinicians may be reluctant to change their current practice to accommodate the principles of participatory medicine.

 

What ethical concerns do you have about the sharing of health data online?

 

Considering today’s privacy rules, how can you be expected to maintain confidentiality when patients are sharing data so freely? How might privacy rules evolve?

 

Defend or refute the following: Patients should have real-time access to all information in their health records, including narrative notes.

 

How can we narrow the gap between technology “haves” and “have-nots”?

 

Develop strategies for working with ePatients and using patient-generated health data in your personal practice and consider if those strategies would be acceptable in your work setting.

 

Debate this statement: Employers who contribute to the cost of employee health insurance can require employees to monitor certain health parameters or pay a higher premium to maintain coverage.

 

If you believe that participatory healthcare should become the standard of care, what policy and legislative changes are needed to make that a reality?

 

Create a vision for the model of healthcare you want in place by 2025. What is the single most important characteristic of your vision on which you are unwilling to compromise?

 

In the interest of public health, shouldn’t all capable patients be expected to monitor their health using accessible tools? What, if any, are the unintended consequences of that expectation?

 

CH14

Discussion Questions

Describe the components of an mHealth intervention to support a patient with a chronic condition.

 

What are the strengths of using mHealth technologies in clinical practice?

 

What are the barriers to using mHealth technologies in clinical practice?

 

Explain risks involved in using mHealth technology. 5. How can mHealth technologies be used to support patient care? 6. How might mHealth change the patient–provider relationship?

 

Health Informatics: An Interprofessional Approach Discussion Questions  CH15

Discussion Questions

In addition to those trends discussed in the chapter, what societal and technological trends do you see that might promote increased adoption and use of PHRs?

 

What specific types of data or functions do you think would draw people who are not current PHR users to adopt and use the PHR? How do you think this might vary by user attributes (e.g., age, disease status, health literacy)?

 

Examine information on the web about PHRs and current health policies. What new information did you discover and how will this information affect the adoption and use of PHRs?

 

In your health organization, what are the main barriers to PHR implementation, adoption, and use?

 

What are the technical implementation considerations that should be considered prior to the deployment of a new PHR?

 

Thinking about the quadruple aim, what is the nurse’s role in improving the health of populations to engage populations in understanding information about their health and how to access health information resources? How does PHR management affect the nurse’s experience as a health care worker?

 

In thinking about a PHR that patients can use to annotate their EHR data (e.g., comment on the problem list), what steps do you think patients will take to correct their data? What do you think the advantages and disadvantages of such a system would be?

 

Examine the PHRs that are available to you: what are their relative benefits and disadvantages?

 

CH16

Discussion Questions

What are the strengths of using social media platforms in healthcare?

 

What are the challenges of using social media platforms in healthcare?

 

Why are healthcare professionals slow to adopt social media as a tool in healthcare?

 

How can social media be leveraged to drive positive health outcomes?

 

What are the key questions that the C-suite executives (CEO, CFO, CNO, CIO) within a healthcare organization should ask about using social media platforms?

 

How does social media affect the relationship between patients and their healthcare providers?

 

How does/can social media platforms contribute to patient-centered care?

 

How can academic institutions prepare future healthcare professionals on how to use social media platforms?

 

Describe networked individualism and the benefits for one’s healthcare.