Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Career Goals: Strengths and Challenges Related to Nursing Practice Competencies

*Post a summary of your expectations of this course. Also, include a brief explanation of your strengths and challenges as they relate to nursing practice competencies when working with adults. Describe any career goals or objectives this course may help you accomplish in the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) role and explain why. Use your research to support your explanations by providing credible and scholarly sources.

Career Goals: Strengths and Challenges Related to Nursing Practice Competencies

Strengths and Challenges Related to Nursing Practice Competencies

Nurses have a responsibility to ensure they adhere to professional conduct in their day to day practices. Part of the responsibilities that nurses expected to undertake include the provision of primary and direct care to improve patient outcomes based on the patient conditions. Nurses must therefore improve their competencies and make then as pat of their standard operating procedures in the day to day activities. Competency can therefore be described as the ability acquired from learning and experience. As a nurse practitioner, I strive to acquire specific nurse related competencies at the end of this course which will help me operate appropriately in my carrier hence, improve my service delivery.

A summary of my Expectations

This course is significant to me as a nurse student because it helps me to learn the various competencies, roles and responsibilities that are essential in the clinical practice. Specifically, this course is essential in the identification of appropriate diagnosis as well as treatment of primary healthcare patient needs among the elderly patients. Part of my expectations from this course is that I will be able to comprehend adequately the various disease processes, signs and symptoms that help in achieving a correct diagnosis as well as the development of an appropriate treatment plan for a specific patient within primary healthcare. Also, I expect to gain more confidence in the development of an appropriate treatment plan for my patients more so in line with acute and chronic illnesses among the elderly population.

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Strengths and Challenges of Nursing Practice Competencies

At the end of the course, I will be equipped with critical nursing competencies which are mandatory in my field of specialization. There are several core competencies that are necessary for nurses and nursing students given that they play a role in shaping their future carriers. The competencies include critical thinking, effective communication, proper assessment and human caring. These competencies are specifically important because they enable patients to receive appropriate quality healthcare services from their providers (Flinkman et al., 2017). Proper decision making is also another competency that is of utmost significance among nurses. Career Goals: Strengths and Challenges Related to Nursing Practice Competencies

The competencies have various strengths that make them critical in nursing. For instance, proper communication skills is essential in nursing because it facilitates the transfer of credible information  from the healthcare providers to the patients which helps in creating a good rapport between patients and nurses (Bello, 2017). Effective communication can enhance informed consent which is requisite in healthcare to ensure that the patient autonomy is respected. These competencies therefore play a role in ensuring that there is safety and quality improvement in healthcare alongside the application of evidence based practices. Some challenges however that are associated with the competencies include the increased workload that results from the nurse shortage that leads to burnout and other negative effects among nurses and patients.

My Career Objectives

A family nurse practitioner is one of the nurse specialties that is common in primary care that play a significant role in enhancing the health of the community at large. One of 
my carrier goals
is to enhance public patient education to help in advancing preventive care because patient education helps in creating awareness among the population on how to manage own health (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2010). I am also an advocate for improved healthcare hence, this puts me in the position of advocating for my patients and the communities for healthcare resource mobilization to enable elderly patients get access Tio healthcare services. I also have a strong sense of recognition of patient centeredness which helps me to put more emphasis on the needs of patients which is beneficial more so among the elderly patient population.

 
References

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2010). Adult-Gerontology primary care nurse practitioner competencies.
https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nonpf.org/resource/resmgr/competencies/adult-geropccomps2010.pdf?hhSearchTerms=Adult-GeroPCComps2010+and+pdf

Bello, O. (2017). Effective communication in nursing practice: A literature review.

Flinkman, M., Leino‐Kilpi, H., Numminen, O., Jeon, Y., Kuokkanen, L., & Meretoja, R. (2017). Nurse Competence Scale: a systematic and psychometric review. 
Journal of Advanced Nursing
, 
73
(5), 1035-1050. Career Goals: Strengths and Challenges Related to Nursing Practice Competencies

POLICY/REGULATION FACT SHEET – The 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule: Enhancing Interoperability and Preventing Information Blocking

The 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule: Enhancing Interoperability and Preventing Information Blocking

The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) released the 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule in 2020 to enhance electronic health information (EHI) access along with interoperability and information blocking prohibition in healthcare systems (ONC, 2020). The regulatory intent behind this act seeks to empower patients while boosting health data sharing and enhancing medical outcomes by enhancing access to health records alongside transparent Medical IT operations. New rules require Health IT developers serving patients to give free and secure online access to their Electronic Health Information through APIs which enhances patient care coordination and healthcare participation (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022).

The implementation of this policy significantly impacts system integration and EHR design. Healthcare organizations should make needed updates to EHR systems to provide secure API access to data by following Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard requirements (HealthIT.gov, 2018). The deployment and monitoring process depends on consistent coordination between IT departments along with EHR vendors and informaticists who need to execute tests and applications of new capabilities that verify certification standards and protect security and privacy requirements.

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The Cures Act improves clinical care through its ability to let providers access complete live patient records thus reducing testing duplication while improving diagnostic accuracy. The availability of health data to patients enables both patient engagements along with decision-making cooperation (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022). The new policy activates changes in operating procedures because providers must speed up the release of notes and results. Under this arrangement organizations need to make adjustments in communication practices and education to handle patient anxiety stemming from misunderstood results.

The Cures Act compliance requires our organization to establish multiple essential policies. The organization applies an “Open Notes” policy combined with staff patient access instruction and creates an interoperative task force headed by an informaticist to ensure policy adherence. Our organization updated its Health IT systems to use FHIR-based APIs while creating procedures for tracking information blocking events and their correction methods. Regular education regarding data sharing protocols and ethical aspects takes place during each quarter for staff members (HealthIT.gov, 2018). The nurse informaticist is vital during policy transformation efforts because they lead implementation along with staff training and teamwork with IT teams to achieve interoperability targets.

References

HealthIT.gov. (2018b). Meaningful use and MACRA Links to an external site. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/topic/meaningful-use-and-macra/meaningful-use-and-macra

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2022). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2020). 21st Century Cures Act: Interoperability, Information Blocking, and the ONC Health IT Certification Program.
https://www.healthit.gov/curesrule/ 
 POLICY/REGULATION FACT SHEET – The 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule: Enhancing Interoperability and Preventing Information Blocking

 

To Prepare:

Review the Resources on healthcare policy and regulatory/legislative topics related to health and nursing informatics.

Consider the role of the nurse informaticist in relation to a healthcare organization’s compliance with various policies and regulations, such as the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA).

Research and select one health or nursing informatics policy (within the past 5 years) or regulation for further study.

The Assignment: (1 page not including the title and reference page)

Create a 1-page fact sheet that your healthcare organization
could hypothetically use to explain the health or nursing informatics policy/regulation you selected. Your fact sheet should address the following:

Briefly and generally explain the policy or regulation you selected.

Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on system implementation.

Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow.

Highlight organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at your healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation you selected. Be specific.

Use APA format and include a title page, in-text citations, and reference page.

Use the Turnitin Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.Submit your completed Policy/Regulation Fact Sheet.As a professional nurse, you are expected to apply your expertise to patient care. On occasion, you will also be expected to share that expertise.

With evolving technology and continuous changes to regulations designed to keep up these changes, there is usually a need to share information and expertise to inform colleagues, leadership, patients, and other stakeholders.

In this Assignment, you will study a recent nursing informatics-related healthcare policy, and you will share the relevant details via a fact sheet designed to inform and educate.McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2022). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 8, “Legislative Aspects of Nursing Informatics: HIPAA, HITECH and Beyond” (pp. 161–181)

Interpersonal Group Therapy for Addiction Recovery Demonstration

Group Therapy Techniques

The role and efficacy of the group leader are central to the success of the therapeutic process. The leader acts as a communication facilitator, creates a safe environment, observes and interprets, is an educator, a process manager, and a supportive and empathetic presence. The leader significantly influences therapeutic factors, such as interpersonal learning, catharsis, and instillation of hope (Di Lorenzo et al., 2023).

Describe the group therapy techniques that were demonstrated and evaluate how well they were demonstrated.

The video presented by Cats Cats (2016) offers a group addiction recovery session. A review of the session reveals the application of the relapse prevention model with distinctive group therapy techniques. First, there is identification of high-risk situations that help to increase self-awareness of triggers that could lead to relapse. The group members list the triggers, including the people, emotions, and settings. Second, there is peer sharing and support that normalize the struggle with addiction, promote accountability, and build hope. The group members share past experiences and insights. Third, a targeted dialogue technique that encourages disclosures and participation in group activities. Fourth, motivation-enhanced techniques that explore choices and consequences while managing remorse and discomfiture (Cole, 2024).

Identify what the therapist did well.  Explain something that you would have handled differently.  Identify an insight that you gained from watching the therapist handle the group therapy.

The therapist plays a vital role in shaping the group’s safety, cohesion, and therapeutic outcomes. This involved skillful facilitation, emotional attunement, and a strong understanding of the group dynamics. The therapist did well in creating and maintaining a safe, supportive environment that modelled nonjudgmental listening and empathy.  In addition, the therapist fostered group cohesion by identifying and affirming shared experiences to build trust. Besides that, the therapist encouraged emotional expression and insight by using reflection and open-ended questions to deepen insights and help the members to name, validate, and process difficult emotions (Seidman et al., 2022).

There are aspects the therapist could handle differently. First, balance participation by gently drawing out quieter members while managing more dominant voices. This would involve strategies like “going around” and assigning smaller group exercises to ensure equity. Second, the therapist can model healthy behaviors and communication by demonstrating assertiveness, vulnerability, and emotional regulation. This requires setting a tone of authenticity and curiosity that encourages the group members to do the same. Third, the therapist can promote accountability and growth by encouraging members to set goals, follow through, and reflect on progress. Small victories should be celebrated while learning from setbacks (Cole, 2024).

I gained insights from the therapy session. First, questions help to nudge the conversation and get the participants to disclose additional information. Second, group members benefit from introspection and information sharing as they understand the universality of the issues affecting them. Third, using non-leading questions and avoiding leading questions helps ensure that responses are detailed and non-biased (Cole, 2024).

Imagine that you are leading your own group session. Describe how you would go about handling a difficult group member. Explain how you would elicit participation in your group. Describe what you would anticipate finding in different phases of the group therapy. Explain the benefits and challenges of group therapy.

Handling a difficult group member requires a balance of therapeutic skill, boundary-setting, and compassion. The objective is to manage the behavior, understand its underlying need, maintain group safety, and preserve group cohesion. First, staying calm and non-judgmental, maintaining a neutral and empathic stance, avoiding reacting punitively or defensively, and assuming the disruptive behavior has a function, such as unmet need or defense. Second, the behavior and its impact can be identified by observing and naming the behavior without naming the person and reflecting on its effect on the group. Third, it should be addressed directly but respectfully using statements that reduce defensiveness and invite exploration. Fourth, facilitating group feedback by gently encouraging others to express their experiences, monitoring for blame or scapegoating, and ensuring constructive feedback. Fifth, boundaries can be set and reinforced by clarifying the group norms and re-establishing limits. Sixth, the underlying cause should be explored, and the member should be helped to reflect. Finally, individual support should be offered by suggesting a brief check-in before or after a session, and parallel individual therapy should be considered if the behavior is persistent and disruptive (Higgins et al., 2022).

Participation in group therapy can be elicited by creating a safe and supportive environment with established, explicit group norms, modeling warmth and nonjudgment, and normalizing silence. In addition, it is essential to use gentle and open-ended invitations, such as asking for reactions instead of disclosures, and asking non-threatening questions with low pressure. Besides that, acknowledging and validating contributions by affirming when someone speaks, reflecting, and paraphrasing to show they were heard and reinforce their value. Additionally, setting expectations early by introducing participation as a therapeutic tool, and encouraging progress over perfection with the small steps counting. Moreover, they should model vulnerability and curiosity by sharing appropriate examples and reactions and showing interest in members’ experiences without pressuring them to speak.

Group therapy has five phases, each with distinctive features. First, the forming phase, whereby the members are unsure, dependent, and looking for direction. Second, the storming phase, whereby the members may have conflict as they vie for influence and position within the group. Third, the norming phase is when the members develop cohesion and the group becomes more productive. Fourth, the performing phase, whereby the members resolve their issues and address the group agenda. Fifth is the adjourning phase, as the group is terminated after meeting the set aim (Cole, 2024).

Group therapy offers distinctive benefits. It reveals that the issues affecting the members are universal as others share the same issues. This reduces shame and isolation while promoting hope and normalization. In addition, it offers support and belonging, encouragement and validation from the peer support as the members feel understood with the shared experiences. Besides that, members model and learn from others by observing and getting feedback. Additionally, there is interpersonal growth as the members practice with each other and incorporate feedback. Furthermore, there is peer accountability and motivation that increases commitment to goals. Moreover, it is cost-effective, more affordable than individual therapy. Although group therapy is beneficial, it presents some challenges from fear of vulnerability, uneven participation, confidentiality risks, group tension and conflict, non-individualized, triggers and emotional intensity, and logistical barriers (Marmarosh, 2022).

Support your reasoning with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources, and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly.

The evidence-based sources are scholarly because they are published in peer-reviewed journals after review to ensure validity and quality, are written by scholars and subject matter experts, and present factual information with references.

References

Cats Cats (2016, Sept. 29).
Interpersonal Group Therapy for Addiction Recovery Demonstration
. [Video]. YouTube.

Cole, M. B. (2024).
Group Dynamics in Occupational Therapy: The Theoretical Basis and Practice Application of Group Intervention
. Taylor & Francis.

Di Lorenzo, R., D’Amore, J., Amoretti, S., Bonisoli, J., Gualtieri, F., Ragazzini, I., Rovesti, S., & Ferri, P. (2023). Group Therapy with Peer Support Provider Participation in an Acute Psychiatric Ward: 1-Year Analysis.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 11
(20), 2772.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202772

Higgins, A., Downes, C., Murphy, R., Barry, J., Monahan, M., Doyle, L., & Gibbons, P. (2022). Factors Influencing Attendees’ Engagement with Group Psychoeducation: A Multi-stakeholder Perspective. 
Administration and policy in mental health
, 
49
(4), 539–551.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-021-01182-y

Marmarosh, C. L., Sandage, S., Wade, N., Captari, L. E., & Crabtree, S. (2022). New horizons in group psychotherapy research and practice from third wave positive psychology: a practice-friendly review. 
Research in psychotherapy (Milano)
, 
25
(3), 643.
https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.643

Seidman, A. J., Wade, N. G., & Geller, J. (2022). The effects of group counseling and self-affirmation on stigma and group relationship development: A replication and extension.
Journal of counseling psychology, 69
(5), 701–710.
https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000614

 

Interpersonal Group Therapy for Addiction Recovery Demonstration

Analyzing Group Techniques

As you examine one of the group therapy demonstrations from this week’s Learning Resources, consider the role and efficacy of the leader and the reasons that specific therapeutic techniques were selected.

   (The video for this assignment)

 

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided, which delineate all required criteria.

Develop a 3- to 4-page paper considering the role and efficacy of the leader of a group therapy demonstration. Be sure to address the following: ·   Describe the group therapy techniques that were demonstrated and evaluate how well they were demonstrated. Include evidence from the literature that supports the use of the demonstrated techniques.

Identify what the therapist did well. ·   Explain something that you would have handled differently. ·   Identify an insight that you gained from watching the therapist handle the group therapy.

Imagine that you are leading your own group session. ·   Describe how you would go about handling a difficult group member. ·   Explain how you would elicit participation in your group. ·   Describe what you would anticipate finding in different phases of the group therapy. ·   Explain the benefits and challenges of group therapy.

Support your reasoning with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources, and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list

Interpersonal Group Therapy for Addiction Recovery Demonstration

NOTE:
The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.

Short Story Analysis Paper on ” The Cask of Amontillado” Essay Example

Short Story Analysis Paper on “The Cask of Amontillado”

The short story, “The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allen Poe is a fascinating narrative that brings into light the conflict of love and hate between the protagonist of the story, Montresor, and the antagonist, Fortunato. The story is a masterpiece that creates an impression on the reader due to its love, hate, cruelty, gloominess, and hidden intentions among the characters. However, “The Cask of Amontillado” is a masterfully crafted narrative with overlapping events that highlight changes in plot, settings, characters, style, and also a storyline that is high in suspense. Through the paper, the narrator superbly brings out the theme of love and hate which is perfectly amplified by the setting, characterization, and symbolism through the interaction of Montresor the main character, and Fortunato the antagonist in the story.

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The setting of the story perfectly helps the author to amplify the theme of love and hate. The narrator brings into focus the different settings from the meeting of the two friends coincidentally into having a conversation about where to go for their wine exploration. The initial setting depicts the love the two characters shared in their life and the indefectible trust that Fortunato had with Montresor.  It is this love that prompts Fortunato to prevent Montresor from contacting Luchesi. As a friend, Fortunato feels that he is the most suited friend to help Montresor identify the quality of the amontillado wine. However, this setting of love and free talk soon changed into another seemingly dark setting in the vaults. It is also love for Montresor that makes Fortunato suggest they go to examine the wine in Montresor’s vaults. According to the narration, Montresor depicts one-sided hatred for Fortunato and this expresses the impact of the power of mind distortion in relationships since he is able to twist seemingly minor upsets into irreversible rivalry. The hatred that Montresor has for Fortunato is soon revealed in the vaults and the once friendly talk gradually reduces into Fortunato begging for mercy from the friend.  The theme of love and hate shows that it is difficult to separate love from hate and these two seem to be closely related human emotions. This is because the narrator is a person who loves his life and lives stylishly but when the emotion of hate strikes his thoughts he becomes the incarnate that finally devours his friend.

The characterization of the story excellently brings out the theme of love and hate. The character of Montresor is brought out from the beginning of the story as a bitter person as a result of Fortunato’s insults that have been hurled at him. From start to end the only thing that racks in the narrator’s mind is how to execute his hatred with impunity against Fortunato. However, the type of hatred is said to emanate from insults and abuse directed towards him by the antagonist who is not clearly reviewed in the story. However, the plans to execute this hatred through revenge are perfectly expressed to the reader. To perfectly execute this hatred, Montresor first depicts the attribute of great love and favor to his friend who swiftly falls into the trap. He is able to conceal the hatred he has for Fortunato due to the insults and talk to him with a friendly tone as always. On the other hand, Fortunato is a loving person who likes to warm the moments and make his accomplice feel pleasured. This is the reason he dedicates his time and expertise to tasting wine which is a great show of love to a close friend Short Story Analysis Paper on ” The Cask of Amontillado” Essay Example

The narrator applies symbolism throughout the story to superbly elevate the theme of love and hate. For instance, Fortunato appears dressed in a ‘motley’ which is referred to as the fool’s costume. This type of dressing brings the first impression of a reckless character and it greatly helps advance more hate towards him by Montresor.  In addition, the name Fortunato comes from the word ’fortunate’ that depicts an individual who is loved. But, in the story, this is a symbol of an unfortunate person who is faced with hatred from others. In addition, the symbol of Montresor’s “Family Crest” emerges as a strong depiction of the hatred he had for Fortunato. The crest showed a golden foot that was stepping on the biting snake. The crest is also an important symbol that marks the tenets of Montresor that any wrong done to an in individual should be returned with lethal venom. For instance, Montresor’s imaginative language for Fortunato is disturbing and depicts deep hatred. He imagines about ‘immolation’ of Fortunato burning to his death in eternal hell and also refers to him as a ‘formidable foe’ even when Fortunato is friendly and loving towards him. Wine is an important symbol of love and hate in the story. It represents the fact that it makes people happy and helps them express themselves in a loving manner. However, the impact of wine also helps create hatred and in this case, it depicts Fortunato as a foolish person who easily falls prey to hatred from a friend. Short Story Analysis Paper on ” The Cask of Amontillado” Essay Example.

The story is a perfect depiction of love and hate which is elevated through setting, characterization, and symbolism. Through the story, the characters of Montresor and Fortunato are brought out and it is clear that Montresor is a cunning person with deep hatred towards others. Symbolism also brings out the aspect of love and hate where wine depicts the symbol of pleasure foolishness and one that makes Montresor have more hatred in Fortunato.

References

Poe Edgar Allan. “The Cask of Amontillado”. file:///C:/Users/hp/Downloads/266590__the-works-of-edgar-allan-poe-the-cask-of-amontillado_679cffd744804.pdf.pdf 
The-works-of-edgar-allan-poe-the-cask-of-amontillado

 

Short Story Analysis Paper on ” The Cask of Amontillado” Essay Example Assignment:

Select a theme you wish to explore, such as blindness, race, family, marriage, quest, betrayal, sin, death, love, the relationship between men and women, appearance versus reality, etc.

Choose a short story/stories, from our syllabus that deal with this theme. You may need to read the story/stories several times, taking notes as you go.

Go through the story/stories and mark how the author uses narrative, character, setting, symbolism, etc., to convey that theme. Then, write an analysis of the short story/stories; employ as many of the literary terms that we have studied as you legitimately can to present a thorough literary analysis of how the theme “works” in the story/stories you have selected (as if to enlighten an educated reader about the important aspects of this particular short story.) You must select AT LEAST TWO of these techniques. Some of those literary terms are:

setting

plot

characterization

conflict

symbolism

point of view

irony

tone

stereotypes

exposition

rising action

falling action

climax

foreshadowing

flashback

protagonist

 

Construct a thesis that indicates a) your focus, and b) the relation of that focus to the story as a whole. For example, a thesis for “A Good Man is Hard to Find” might be: Characterization and irony help convey O’Connor’s theme that perhaps we should first be good men ourselves rather than judging others. For “The Cask of the Amontillado,” a thesis might be: The narrator’s revelations of his own vices as well as the actions of Fortunato underscore the lesson in this short story: overwhelming pride leads to ruin. Though not as obvious as the first thesis, the second thesis will focus on narrative/Point of View and characterization. To use more than one story, you might argue: Lack of communication can lead to disaster in marriage, as it does in the stories “The Yellow Wallpaper,” “Story of an Hour,” and “The Jewelry.” Another one might be: “The use of foreshadowing in the stories “A Cask of Amontillado” and “A Good Man is Hard to Find” helps create tension and interest. Also note that there is some latitude in assigning meaning to a short story. What I see as the major theme may be different than what you see. The important criterion to keep in mind is: can you prove it? Therefore, you need a thesis because you are arguing for your interpretation of the story. The thesis should not be so obvious that your reader will say “so what?” Don’t settle for trite generalizations. Instead, make a statement which indicates thought and depth, and which requires support and proof. Your goal should be to illuminate for the readers some point that they might not have noticed upon first reading the story.

Find evidence in the text to support your thesis, and organize the rest of your essay around these quotations and examples. Don’t rely on generalizations about or paraphrases of the story to convince your reader, but provide specific evidence and discuss the importance of that evidence for your thesis. Please note: you should not insert huge chunks of quotes in your paper and count that against your minimum page length. Roughly 70% of the paper should be your own words and thoughts.

Conclude your Short Story Analysis Paper on ” The Cask of Amontillado” Essay Example paper by summing up your argument so that the readers see that your evidence does support your thesis.

Format and Conventions:

1) Put quotation marks around story titles.

2) Follow direct quotations with the author’s last name (not the editors’ name or the title) and page numbers from your text, in parentheses. Close the quotation marks before the citation; put the end punctuation after it. For example: “Thus she passed from generation to generation—dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, perverse” (Faulkner 31).

3) Always write about literature in the present tense and do not use “I” statements.

4) Your essay should be analytical, thus you should not waste your (or your reader’s) time with plot summary.

5) Your paper should be typed, double–spaced, on 8 1/2″ by 11″ white paper. In the upper left-hand corner of your first page, include:

Your name

Prof. McLore; ENG102 and section number

The date

Assignment (Short Story Analysis)

Below this block of information, center your title; begin your text below that. Use an interesting, informative title—“Paper #1” is mildly informative, but completely uninteresting. Number your pages (starting with the first) in the top right-hand corner, with your last name and the page number. This should be in the Header/Footer area of the paper.

It is important to write succinctly. DO NOT JUST RE-TELL THE STORY. DO NOT risk plagiarism – if you use information from our textbook, then you must cite that information correctly – the Norton Anthology discusses how to write a paper, including how to document outside sources; DO NOT write a plot outline—this assignment is to analyze: what is the author “saying” to the reader. What literary techniques and conventions does he or she use to say it? What is the “point” of the story? Does it show us anything worthwhile about people or about life? Keep your discussion focused on analyzing how the THEME works within the short story. Short Story Analysis Paper on ” The Cask of Amontillado” Essay Example.

Mind Map Valvular Heart disease

Mind Map: Valvular

Primary Diagnosis:  ­­­­­­­­­­Valvular Heart Disease

Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis. What are the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis?

Pathophysiology of Primary Diagnosis

Valvular heart disease (VHD) or heart valve disease is a cardiovascular disorder characterized by the impairment and functioning of least one of the heart’s valves. According to Aluru et al. (2022), the heart has four valves; aortic, mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid. These valves play the role of preventing backward flow of blood among the four chambers of the heart and maintain the pressure gradient essential for the hemodynamic circulation. The insufficiency of or regurgitation form the valves allow backward flow of blood, leading to pressure equalization that can be discordant with cardiovascular function.  on the other hand, the valvular stenosis leads to an increase in pressure behind the blockage and often lead to cardiac remodeling along with inadequate pressures ahead  the of the blockage(Aluru et al., 2022).

Mitral regurgitation, Mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis, are the most common forms of VHD. According to Nishumura et al. (2025), aortic stenosis leads to a rise in afterload to the left ventricle.  To stabilize the rise in valve stress, there is the development of compensatory concentric hypertrophy by the left ventricle with a rise in thickness of the wall and preserved ejection fraction.  Ejection fraction only drops when the capability of the left ventricle to stabilize wall stress is overwhelmed by the afterload. The persistent pressure ultimately cause interstitial fibrosis along with myocyte degeneration, and further lead to myocardial dysfunction (Nishumura et al., 2025).

Aortic regurgitation occurs when the aortic root becomes enlarged or the aortic valve cusps become abnormal, or both. This leads to a rise in preload and afterload on the left ventricle. The maintenance of both systolic function of the left ventricle and wall stress is through chamber dilation along with hypertrophy.  The major pathophysiological abnormality of mitral stenosis is an increase of pressure in the left artery reflected back by pulmonary circulation, which leads to pulmonary hypertension and failure of the left ventricle. The left atrium undergoes dilation and fibrosis, leading to atrial arrthymis. The enduring pressure along with volume overload causes interstitial fibrosis as well as myocyte degeneration, with a reduction in myocardial function, all occurring before commencement of symptoms (Nishimura et al., 2025) Mind Map Valvular Heart disease.

Mitral regurgitation can  be as a result of valve leaflets(primary mitral regurgitation) or left ventricular abnormality, which leads to alteration in  mitral valve apparatus(secondary mitral regurgitation. The pathophysiology of mitral regurgitation involves blood expulsion into the low-impedance left atrium. The low afterload facing the left ventricle during expulsion leads to a rise in ejection fraction and a reduction in end-systolic volume.   Secondary mitral regurgitation occurs due to left ventricular disease.  Ischemic mitral regurgitation is caused by abnormalities in regional wall motion within the inferolateral distribution which have effects on the posterior medial papillary muscles, leading to posterior leaflet retraction. Systolic function of the left ventricle as a result of cardiomyopathies might lead to a central jet of mitral regurgitation due to symmetric retraction of chordae and papillary muscles (Nishimura et al., 2025).

Causes

Risk Factors (genetic/ethnic/physical)

VHD occurs when one of the heart valves either develops a defect or sustains damage. The damage can be acquired congenital. The two major categories of VDH are valvular insufficiency and valvular stenosis. Valvular stenosis occurs when valve leaflets stiffen and become less elastic, which can make the valve to narrow and subsequently reduce the flow of blood. On the other hand, valvular regurgitation occurs when valve leaflets fail to close completely, resulting in the development of leakage or regurgitate flow (Adere et al., 2023).

Age, exposure to radiotherapy, overweight diabetes, and genetics are risk factors of VDH. According to Santangelo et al. (2023), older individuals are at a high risk of developing VHD and the occurrence of aortic stenosis in persons above 75 years is around 40 percent. Hypercholesterolemia and obesity together with inflammation in individuals aged 50 is connected with aortic valve degeneration. Diabetes is a predisposing factor to the development and faster progression of aortic stenosis Mind Map Valvular Heart disease.

Exposure of mediastinum to radiotherapy is connected with substantial abnormalities of valves, particularly mitral and aortic valves, often presenting as progressive thickening and calcification of valves and eventually leading to restriction and dysfunction of a valve, which manifest as regurgitation and/ or stenosis. Diverse genetic syndromes such as Turner’s syndrome and Marfan syndrome are connected with Aortic regurgitation. FBN1 gene mutation in Marfan syndrome results in progressive dilation of aortic r root and the subsequent occurrence of aortic regurgitation (Santangelo et al., 2023).

Hypertension, particularly diastolic hypertension is a risk factor for both aortic valve regurgitation and aortic root dilation. The risk factors for progression of aortic regurgitation include  diagnosis at a younger age, male gender, and the presence of

Bicuspid Aortic Valve. In mitral stenosis, factors like high systolic blood pressure, obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking predisposes the mitral valve apparatus to calcification and also contributes to the development of calcific aortic valve disease an indication of the regular co-existence of the stenosis the mitral valve and aortic valve (Santangelo et al., 2023).

 

 

What are the patient’s signs and symptoms for this diagnosis? How does the diagnosis impact other body systems and what are the possible complications?

Signs and Symptoms – Common presentation

How does the diagnosis impact each body system?  Complications?

Common symptoms of VHD include chest discomfort or pain, lightheadedness or dizziness, shortness of breath, particularly when lying down or during physical activity, and swelling in the abdomen, feet, or ankles. Additional symptoms include irregular heartbeats and heart palpitations. According to Nishimura et al. (2025), clinical presentation of aortic stenosis include angina, syncope, and dyspnea. Dyspnea and angina have a direct relationship with hypertrophy of the left ventricle, which results in an oxygen demand mismatch and diastolic dysfunction due to the noncompliant, thick ventricle.

In atrial regurgitation, shortness of breath and chest discomfort occur as a result of diastolic pressure elevation and mismatch in myocardial oxygen demand respectively (Nishimura, et al., 2025).

Primary symptoms of mitral stenosis include dyspnea with exertion from elevation in pressure in the left atrium exacerbated by the reduced period in diastolic filling and fatigue as a result of low output. As mitral stenosis progresses, there is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, hemopytis, orthopnea, as well as symptoms left-sided heart failure. Mitral regurgitation symptoms mainly occur due to the reflection of a huge amount of blood into the pulmonary vasculature and left atrium, leading to orthopnea,   paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and dyspnea. Also, there is a reduction in forward flow, leading to symptoms of fatigue (Nishimura et al., 2025).

VHD have significant impacts on the cardiovascular system by affecting the flow of the blood via the four valves of the heart, resulting to possible strain on the heart.  Subsequently, the respiratory system can be affected by causing buildup of fluids in the lungs or pulmonary hypertension. The musculoskeletal system is indirectly affected by VDH due to a reduction in physical capacity along with exercise tolerance, affecting overall functional ability. Frankel and  Nguyen (2021) indicate that if not treated, VHD can lead to life-threatening complications such as irregular heart rhythms, heart failure, and stroke Mind Map Valvular Heart disease.

 

What are other potential diagnosis that present in a similar way to this diagnosis (differentials)?

Pulmonary edema, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be mistaken for VDH since these conditions have similar symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath, and since they can cause pulmonary hypertension, which can worsen or mimic heart valve problems.

 

What diagnostic tests or labs would you order to rule out the differentials for this patient or confirm the primary diagnosis?

A patient presenting with symptoms of VHD should initially be evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), chest radiography, and electrocardiography. The aim of the electrocardiogram is to check heart rhythm and presence of hypertrophy or infarction. A chest cardiograph is valuable in showing if pulmonary congestion is present or not. Two-dimensional TTE assesses the morphology and motion of the valves and also the response of cardiac chambers. Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed   is TTE is unable to sufficiently visualize cardiac structures, in particular mitral valve and left atrium which are on the posterior area of the heart(Nishimura et al., 2025).

Doppler echocardiography is used to establish how severe a valve lesion is, offering valve area and valve gradient for stenotic lesions. It can also establish a valve lesion’s physiologic sequence through the examination of pulmonary pressures and diastolic filling.  If TTE fails to offer all the informational needed for making of clinical decisions, computed tomography (CT) scans and Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed to offer high-resolution images of great vessels and myocardium and also myocardium tissue characterization. These imaging approaches are useful in assessing morphology and motion of the valves, and assessing abnormal velocities of flow of blood that occurs as a result of valve lesions might act as another method of establishing severity of valve lesions. (Nishimura et al., 2025).

 

What treatment options would you consider? Include possible referrals and medications.

There is no medication that can cure VHD. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement or surgical aortic valve replacement is the only medical intervention for aortic stenosis.  There does not exist medical therapy to modify aortic regurgitation from progressing, but in bicuspid aortic valve and Marfan syndrome, the utilization of losartan connected with atenolol lessen the rate at which the aortic root dilates. Acute development of mitral regurgitation is treated through surgery, and in instances of the rupture of the papillary muscles, there is the need for valve replacement (Santangelo et al., 2023) Mind Map Valvular Heart disease.

Symptomatic individuals with severe mitral stenosis are eligible for mitral commissurotomy, and when I contraindicated, a mitral valve surgery or replacement. Mitral annulus calcification is the hallmark of mitral stenosis, which is marked by a condensed calcification at the mitral lefalets’ base between the left atrium and left ventricle, is the hallmark of mitral stenosis. Mitral annulus calcification is connected with heighted cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality as well. When mitral annulus calcification occurs, valvular dysfunction is likely to occur, with subsequent implement for the treatment of mitral valve. In fact, patients experiencing mitral annulus calcification are usually older and comorbid, and because of the greatly calcific mitral valve apparatus, they possess intensely challenging anatomies that are unsuitable for repair.  Thus, there is the delay of surgery for mitral vulvar disease associated with mitral annulus calcification until symptoms become immensely limiting (Santangelo et al., 2023).

References

Adere, A., Bedru, M., & Afewok, M.  (2023). Etiologies and Patterns of Valvular Heart Disease Among Cardiac Patients at the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia During February 2000 to April 2022.  
International Journal of General medicine, 16,
2849-2856.
https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S420591

Aluru, J. S., Barsouk, A., Saginala, K., Rawla, P., & Barsouk, A. (2022) Valvular Heart Disease Epidemiology.
Medical Sciences, 10
(2):32. doi:
10.3390/medsci10020032

Frankel, W. C., & Nguyen, T. C. (2021). Artificial Heart Valves.
JAMA Network, 25
(24), 2512-2513. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.19936

Nishimura, R. A., Ommen, S. R., Dearani, J. A.,  & Schaff, H. V. (2025). Valvular Heart Disease—A New Evolving Paradigm.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 100
(2), 358-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.11.001

Santangelo, G., Bursi, F., Faggiano, A., Moscardelli, S., Simeoli, P. S., Guazzi, M., Lorusso, R., Carugo, S., & Faggiano, P. (2023). The Global Burden of Valvular Heart Disease: From Clinical Epidemiology to Management.
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12
(6), 2178. doi:
10.3390/jcm12062178
  Mind Map Valvular Heart disease

Mind Map Valvular heart disease

example: https://www.canva.com/design/DAGSVYSqELE/-B0IoK4WLywd5DShmsuCWQ/edit?utm_content=DAGSVYSqELE&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton

Select one of the possible topics provided and complete the MindMap.

Describe the Pathophysiology and Etiology of the primary diagnosis. List risk factors related to the primary diagnosis.

Mind Map Valvular Heart disease

APA Course Paper Template with Abstract and Advice APA 7

 

Title of the Paper in Full

 

Student Name

Program Name or Degree Name (e.g., Master of Science in Nursing), Walden University

COURSE XX: Title of Course

Instructor Name

Month XX, 202X

 

Abstract

This is the abstract, which is typed in block format with no indentation. Abstracts are not required for all course papers. Please ask your instructor if you have questions regarding whether an abstract is required for a particular assignment. The abstract briefly summarizes your paper in 250 words or less. Your readers should be able to fully understand the content and the implications of the paper by reading the abstract. Writing this section after the paper itself may be helpful. For additional tips on writing abstracts, see the OASIS webpage on
abstracts
.

 

Title of the Paper in Full

When you download an
APA-Course-Paper-Template-with-Abstract-and-Advice-APA-7
, the first step is to save it locally to your computer using the “Save As” command. Documents should not be maintained in the Download folder. When you are ready to use the template for a paper, you will open the template and use “Save As” to give the document a new name. Once you have renamed the document, you can use the Save command as you write.

This template’s margins, page numbers, and page breaks are set for you, and you do not need to change them. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (tip: check Spacing under Format, Paragraph, and make sure that it is set to 0”). Instead, just use a standard double space, indent a full ½ inch (preferably using the tab button), and start typing. To indent your paragraphs, do not use the space bar. Instead, use the Tab key on your keyboard or use the Paragraph settings so
the first line of a paragraph is automatically indented
. While APA allows writers to choose a font that is “accessible to readers” (American Psychological Society, 2020, p. 44), and offers a few recommended types and sizes (see Section 2.19), this template uses Times New Roman size 12. The introduction should receive no specific heading because readers assume that the first section functions as your paper’s introduction.

After considering these formatting issues, you will need to construct a
thesis statement
. This statement provides readers with a lens for understanding the
evidence
you will present in the body of your essay (each
paragraph
and thus evidence within those paragraphs you include should support and apply to this thesis statement).

Once you have established your thesis, begin constructing the
introduction
. A structure for writing an introduction follows:

Start with what has been said or done regarding the topic.

Explain the problem with what has been said or done.

Offer a solution in a concise thesis statement that can be supported by the evidence.

Level 1 Heading

This text will be the beginning of the body of the essay. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers follow your ideas and evidence. The first sentence in each paragraph should start with a
topic sentence
, which summarizes the main point in the current paragraph. Make sure each paragraph contains only one topic, which helps establish a
clear scope for your paragraph
. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. You can use the
MEAL plan
as a way to organize your paragraphs. In short, think about your paragraphs in this way: a new idea, new paragraph.

Another Level 1 Heading

Here is another Level 1 heading. Note that, when you add additional headings, you should use the APA levels available in the Styles area of your toolbar. If you enter them manually instead, you may need to delete the automatic indent that appears because Word thinks you are beginning a new paragraph. Again, the
topic sentence
of this section should explain how this paragraph is related or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using
transitions
between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.

Level 2 Heading

The Level 2 heading designates a subsection of the previous section. Using headings is a great way to organize a paper and increase its readability, so see Section 2.27 of APA 7 and the
Heading Levels webpage
for details on heading formatting (APA 7 also has a chart detailing heading formatting in the inside front cover). For shorter papers, using one or two levels is all that is needed. You would use Level 1 (centered, bold font with title case) and Level 2 (left aligned, bold, title case). This template provides examples of APA’s four heading levels but remember to use headings intentionally to indicate your paper’s organization. Too many headings (e.g., headings for each paragraph) can be distracting, while too few headings can make your paper’s organization unclear.

Level 3 Heading

Level 3 and 4 headings introduce some new formatting. Level 3 headings are in italics, and Level 4 headings are indented. All headings are in title case. The number of heading levels needed in a particular paper is not set, but longer papers may benefit from another heading level, such as this Level 3 heading (which is left-aligned, bold, italicized, and title case), in order to clearly organize and identify the nesting development of ideas.

Level 4 Heading. One crucial area in APA is learning how to cite. Make sure to
cite source information throughout your paper
to avoid plagiarism. This practice is critical; you need to give credit to your sources and avoid copying others’ work. Review the OASIS
Plagiarism Prevention Resource Kit
for guidelines on citing source information in your writing.

Level 1 Heading

APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. OASIS offers many resources and services to help. Explore the APA Style section of our website, submit a question via Ask OASIS, or register for an OASIS Live session.

Level 1 Heading

The
conclusion
section should recap the major points of your paper. A conclusion can be one paragraph, but it can also be a few paragraphs, depending on the length of your paper. However, perhaps more importantly, the conclusion should also interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. To help write your conclusion, consider asking yourself these questions: What do you want to happen with the information you have provided? What do you want to change? What is your ultimate goal in using this information? What would it mean if the reader of your paper took and used the suggestions in your paper? APA Course Paper Template with Abstract and Advice APA 7

 

References

The following references are intended as examples only. These entries illustrate different types of references but are not cited in the body of this template. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches an in-text citation, and every in-text citation refers to an item in the reference list. For additional examples, see the
Common Reference List Examples page
.

 

American Counseling Association. (n.d.).
About us.

https://www.counseling.org/about-us/about-aca

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences.
Educational Leadership, 76
(1), 26-33.

Bach, D., & Blake, D. J. (2016). Frame or get framed: The critical role of issue framing in nonmarket management.
California Management Review, 58
(3), 66-87.
https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.66

Burgess, R. (2019).
Rethinking global health: Frameworks of Power.
Routledge.

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24
(2), 225–229.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Johnson, P. (2003).
Art: A new history.
HarperCollins.
https://doi.org/10.1037.0000136-000
​

Lindley, L. C., & Slayter, E. M. (2018). Prior trauma exposure and serious illness at end of life: A national study of children in the U.S. foster care system from 2005 to 2015.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56
(3), 309–317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.001

Osman, M. A. (2016, December 15).
5 do’s and don’ts for staying motivated.
Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/5-dos-and-donts-for-staying-motivated/art-20270835

Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016).
Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice
(7th ed.). Wiley.

World Health Organization. (2018, March).
Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety.

https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/
  APA Course Paper Template with Abstract and Advice APA 7

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems assignment

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems

Scenario 1

Correction of Medication Errors, Medications Classification and The Mechanism of Action (MOA)

In linaglipton 5 mg PO daily #30 5 RF, the drug is wrongly spelled. The correct medication spelling is linagliptin, 5mg PO daily #30 and 5 refills. It belongs to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors class of medication. It inhibits DPP-enzyme, prolongs incretin action, increases insulin secretion and decreases glucagon secretion (Kabil et al., 2025).

The error in tresiba, inject 10 units SC TID with meals #1 box of 5 pens 1 RF is frequency. It should be administered once daily (OD) and not TID. The correct prescription is tresiba inject 10 units SC OD with meals #1 box of 5 pens 1 RF. It is a long-acting basal insulin analog. It acts by forming a multi-hexamer after injection through insulin degludec, resulting in a slow and continuous absorption in the bloodstream, causing long-lasting and stable glucose-lowering effects (Paavola et al., 2024).

The error is in administration and frequency in tiotropium (Spiriva) 2.5 mcg PO BID #60 1 RF. It is administered through inhalation once daily (OD). The correct prescription is tiotropium (Spiriva) 2.5 mcg inhalation, two inhalations OD #60, 1 refill. It is classified as a bronchodilator, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). It acts through inhibition of the cholinergic effects of acetylcholine by binding to the muscarinic receptors M3 in the bronchial smooth musculature to produce bronchodilation and smooth muscle relaxation (Kaplan & Chang, (2021).

In Qulipta 60 mg PRN for migraine #30 1 RF, the medication is not to be used Pro re nata (PRN) but for prevention of migraine. The correct prescription is Qulipta 60 mg PO OD #30, 1 refill. It is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist. It acts by inhibiting CGRP receptors, thus reducing the migraine frequency (Switzer et al., 2022).

The error is on the dosage of levothyroxine 88 mg PO daily #30 5 RF. The correct dosage is levothyroxine 88mcg PO OD #30, 5 refills. It should be 88 micrograms (mcg), not milligrams (mg). It is classified as a hormone, a thyroid hormone replacement. It acts by replacing thyroxine (T4) in case of inadequacy of the thyroid gland, thus normalizing metabolism (Effraimidis et al., 2021).

Scenario 2

Treatment Plan to Implement for PK

To control her persistent asthma and achieve a better outcome, I would step up her treatment by combining an inhaler with medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus a Long-acting Beta 2 agonist (LABA) from low-dose ICS (Murphy & Solis, 2021). I would continue albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist, while addressing inhaler adherence and technique.

Medication Changes

I would discontinue low-dose ICS monotherapy, Flovent HFA 44 mcg two puffs BID. I would start a medium dose of ICS plus LABA, Advair HFA 115-21 mcg 2 puffs BID (Laitano et al., 2024). I would continue albuterol HFA 90 mcg two puffs Q 4-6-hour PRN shortness of breath. I would also continue fexofenadine 180 mg PO daily. I would review diphenhydramine 50 mg for possible sedation to consider limiting or discontinuing.

Complete Medication Error

Fluticasone (Advair) HFA 115-21 mcg 2 puffs BID #120, 1 refill (Tashkin et al., 2021).

Albuterol HFA 90 mcg two puffs Q 4-6-hour PRN shortness of breath.

Fexofenadine 180 mg PO daily, #30, 5 refills.

Monitoring the Effectiveness of the Plan

I would ensure four weekly follow-ups to reassess the frequency of symptoms, use of albuterol as well as overall control (Panettieri Jr et al., 2024).

Ensure she has a diary of symptoms on nighttime awakenings, daytime symptoms, and albuterol use.

Ensure lung function is assessed by checking spirometry during follow-up.

Side effects monitoring like palpitations from LABA and dysphonia or oral thrush from ICS.

Also, daily controller inhaler adherence evaluation.

Patient Education to Provide

I would demonstrate the correct inhaler technique.

I would also emphasize the essentiality of daily controller inhaler use even when feeling better.

I would emphasize that albuterol is not for regular use but for rescue purposes in case of an asthma attack.

I would educate her on triggers and how to avoid triggers like environmental pollutants, smoke and allergens.

Advise her to seek urgent medical care in case of exacerbation of symptoms like severe breathlessness.

Scenario 3

Information I Would Provide to ES During His Visit

I would explain the importance of drug adherence to lower the risk of kidney disease, heart attack, stroke as well as other complications.

I would enquire about the side effects experienced with the use of bisoprolol and give an alternative tolerated antihypertensive.

I would explain lifestyle modifications like low sodium diet, weight loss, limiting alcohol intake, cessation of smoking and regular physical activity.

Explain to him that calcium channel blockers or thiazide are the best first-line hypertension treatment for African American patients.

The Goal Blood Pressure

The goal blood pressure is 130/80mmHg (Wang et al., 2023).

Hypertension Treatment as Per Current Guidelines

Calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics medications are the first-line medications for African American patients (Maraboto & Ferdinand, 2020). Also, two antihypertensive agents should be started if blood pressure is above 20/10mmHg above the goal blood pressure (Whelton et al., 2022).

Improving Treatment Plan for ES

I would discontinue beta-blocker bisoprolol because it is not the first line for African American patients.

I would start with low dose Amlodipine 5 milligram (mg) tablets, 1 tablet PO once daily (OD) #30, 2 refills and Chlorthalidone 12.5 milligram (mg) tablets, 1 tablet PO once daily (OD) #30, 2 refills.

Then, I would ensure two to four weeks of follow-up to recheck the blood pressure to determine the need for titration or discontinuation.

I would monitor electrolytes as well as renal function while using chlorthalidone.

Scenario 4

His Goal AIC

His AIC goal is less than 8%. It balances his safety and glycemic benefits by reducing hypoglycemia risk while supporting his safer treatment approach suitable for Alzheimer’s disease and Chronic Kidney disease (ADA, 2024). His treatment is individualized because he has severe comorbidities like CKD and he has cognitive limitations due to Alzheimer’s.

Best Medication to Prescribe for TF

I would prescribe semaglutide and sitagliptin as an alternative in case the injection is impractical. Semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.25 mg SC once weekly medication is a GLP-1 agonist that promotes weight loss, suppresses glucagon secretion and enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion. For TF, it has the benefits of reducing weight if he is overweight, reduces cardiovascular events and has low hypoglycemia risk safer in Alzheimer’s disease and stage 4 CKD. It is safe in an eGFR of 28, as in the TF case (Vambe et al., 2024). Its prescription is Semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.25 mg SC once weekly.

Sitagliptin (Januvia) is a dipeptidyl peptidase – (DPP-) inhibitor that acts by reducing postprandial glucagon levels, increasing endogenous GLP-1 levels and enhancing the release of glucose-dependent insulin. In the TF case, it can be used if an injection is not possible. It has the benefits of fewer side effects, is taken orally, lowers the risk of hypoglycemia, and is safe for stage CKD. Its prescription is sitagliptin (Januvia) 50 mg PO daily #30, 1 refill.

 

References

American Diabetes Association. (2024), Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment.
Diabetes Care
, 47(Suppl 1), S158-153955.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S009

Effraimidis, G., Watt, T., & Feldt-Rasmussen, U. (2021). Levothyroxine therapy in elderly patients with hypothyroidism. 
Frontiers in endocrinology
, 
12
, 641560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.641560

Kabil, M. F., Lababidi, J. M., & Azzazy, H. M. E. S. (2025). Linagliptin: A comprehensive profile. 
Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology
, 
50
, 97-123.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.podrm.2024.10.001

Kaplan, A., & Chang, K. L. (2021). Tiotropium in asthma–perspectives for the primary care physician. 
Postgraduate medicine
, 
133
(5), 552-564.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1816329

Laitano, R., Calzetta, L., Matino, M., Pistocchini, E., & Rogliani, P. (2024). Asthma management with triple ICS/LABA/LAMA combination to reduce the risk of exacerbation: an umbrella review compliant with the PRIOR statement. 
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
, 
25
(8), 1071-1081.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2024.2366991

Maraboto, C., & Ferdinand, K. C. (2020). Update on hypertension in African-Americans. 
Progress in cardiovascular diseases
, 
63
(1), 33-39.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2019.12.002

Murphy, K. R., & Solis, J. (2021). National Asthma Education and Prevention Program 2020 Guidelines: What’s Important for Primary Care. 
J Fam Pract
, 
70
(6S), S19-S28. doi: 10.12788/jfp.0219

Paavola, C. D., De Felippis, M. R., Allen, D. P., Garg, A., Sabatowski, J. L., Juneja, R., & Baldwin, D. B. (2024). Insulin. In 
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications
 (pp. 427-453). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30023-3_16

Panettieri Jr, R. A., Chipps, B. E., Skolnik, N., George, M., Murphy, K., & Lugogo, N. (2024). The use of albuterol/budesonide as reliever therapy to reduce asthma exacerbations. 
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
, 
12
(4), 882-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2024.01.043

Switzer, M. P., Robinson, J. E., Joyner, K. R., & Morgan, K. W. (2022). Atogepant for the prevention of episodic migraine in adults. 
SAGE Open Medicine
, 
10
, 20503121221128688.
https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221128688

Tashkin, D. P., Ohar, J. A., Koltun, A., Allan, R., & Ward, J. K. (2021). The Role of ICS/LABA Fixed‐Dose Combinations in the Treatment of Asthma and COPD: Bioequivalence of a Generic Fluticasone Propionate‐Salmeterol Device. 
Pulmonary Medicine
, 
2021
(1), 8881895.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8881895

Vambe, S. D., Zulu, W., Hough, E., Luvhimbi, M. J., Rwizi, S., & Bronkhorst, E. (2024). Semaglutide (Ozempic®): a comprehensive review of its pharmacology, efficacy, and safety profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight management. 
SA Pharmaceutical Journal
, 
91
(6), 31-34.
https://doi.org/10.36303/SAPJ.1143

Wang, M. C., Petito, L. C., Pool, L. R., Foti, K., Juraschek, S. P., McEvoy, J. W., … & Khan, S. S. (2023). The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guideline and blood pressure in older adults. 
American journal of preventive medicine
, 
65
(4), 640-648.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2023.04.011

Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Mancia, G., Kreutz, R., Bundy, J. D., & Williams, B. (2022). Harmonization of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension blood pressure/hypertension guidelines: comparisons, reflections, and recommendations. 
European heart journal
, 
43
(35), 3302-3311.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac432

 

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems assignment

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems

Symptoms of various gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary disorders often overlap, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. For example, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea are non-specific and could also be the result of underlying medical history or current prescription drug use. As an advanced practice nurse, you could be potentially responsible for providing care to a patient who may present with non-specific symptoms related to the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems.

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (ie diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.

Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories.

Evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis.

DIRECTIONS (please keep references between 2020-2025)

For each of the scenarios below, answer the questions using your learning resources, Medscape, and clinical practice guidelines (ie JNC 8, AHA, ACC etc). Lecturio is an optional resource but highly recommended. Be sure to thoroughly answer ALL questions. When recommending medications, write out a complete medication order. What would you send to a pharmacy? Include drug, dose, route, frequency, special instructions, # dispensed (days supply) and refill information. Also state if you would continue, discontinue or taper the patient’s current medications. Review and discuss ALL labs and possible interactions. Use at least 3 sources for each scenario and cite sources using APA format; include in-text citations. You do not need an introduction or conclusion paragraph. Please also review assignment rubric.

SCENARIO 1

What are the errors in the following prescriptions (5 total)? Rewrite each prescription correctly. What is each medication classification? What is the mechanism of action (MOA)?

linaglipton 5 mg PO daily #30 5 RF

Tresiba inject 10 units SC TID with meals #1 box of 5 pens 1 RF

tiotropium (Spiriva) 2.5 mcg PO BID #60 1 RF

Qulipta 60 mg PRN for migraine #30 1 RF

levothyroxine 88 mg PO daily #30 5 RF

 
SCENARIO 2

PK is a 16-year-old female diagnosed with mild persistent asthma since age 12. During her visit today, she reports having to use her albuterol MDI 3 days per week over the past 2 months. Over the past week she has been using albuterol at least once per day. She reports being awakened by a cough 5 nights during the last month. She also has a fluticasone MDI, which she uses “most days of the week.” Her current medications include: Flovent HFA 44 mcg two puffs BID, Proventil HFA two puffs Q 4-6 hr PRN shortness of breath, fexofenadine 180 mg po daily, diphenhydramine 50 mg qhs prn. What treatment plan would you implement for PK? What medication changes would you make? Include a complete medication order. How would you monitor the effectiveness of this plan, and what patient education would you provide?

SCENARIO 3

ES is a 45-year-old African American male that was prescribed bisoprolol for his high blood pressure. Blood pressure today is 142/89 HR 60 RR 15. He states that he only occasionally takes the medication because he does not like the side effects. What information would you provide to the patient at his visit? What is his goal blood pressure? How is hypertension treated per current guidelines (JNC 8, ACC, AHA)? How would you improve his treatment? Include a complete medication order Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems assignment.

SCENARIO 4

TF is a 60-year-old male presenting to the clinic for medication refills. Current medications include acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil 5 mg po qhs, anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody lecanemab (Leqembi) 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks for early Alzheimer’s disease, and atorvastatin 40 mg po daily. His lab work today includes: fasting BG is 195 mg/dL; HgA1C = 8.5%. Basic Metabolic Profile (BMP) is normal except for Cr 1.9 and eGRF 28. What is his goal A1C? Please SELECT and DISCUSS which of the following would be best to prescribe for TF:

canagliflozin (Invokana) 100 mg PO daily

exenatide (Byetta) 5 mcg SC twice daily

glimepiride 1 mg PO daily

glyburide 2.5 mg PO daily

metformin 500 mg PO daily

semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.25 mg SC once weekly

sitagliptin (Januvia) 50 mg PO daily

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems assignment

Opioid Epidemic Presidential Agenda Discussion Walden Post

Rather than focus on the treatment of chronic disease, policies that influence population health tend to emphasize prevention and wellness; the reduction or elimination of waste and the eradication of health disparities based on race, ethnicity, language, income, gender, sexual orientation, disability and other factors. The reasoning is that good health belongs to the whole, not just an individual. (New York State Dept. of Health, n.d.)

Opioid Epidemic Presidential Agenda Discussion Walden Post

Week 1 Discussion: Presidential Agendas

The selected population health topic is the opioid epidemic. Opioid abuse is described as prolonged use, non-medical use, misuse, and use of opioids without medical supervision, resulting in opioid dependence, addiction, or opioid use disorder (OUD) due to the addictive properties of opioids (Bolshakova et al., 2019). In the US, opioid abuse has reached epidemic levels, becoming a significant public health issue that must be addressed (Upp & Waljee, 2020). The opioid crisis is associated with increased admission rates in psychiatric clinics and the deaths of millions of Americans. Thus, this pandemic has crippled Americans’ health, social life, and economic status. Opioid abuse and addiction are expected to rise further in the US and its neighborhood in the future.

The dramatic increase in the US is associated with social determinants of health (SDoH) factors. According to Sulley and Ndanga (2020), OUD presentation in psychiatric clinics significantly depends on socioeconomic status. Compared to high-income communities, OUD presentations are few in low-income societies (Sulley & Ndanga, 2020). Patients’ willingness to seek inpatient treatment for opioid abuse significantly depends on the stigma associated with OUD presentation and economic status. Low-income communities are less likely to seek professional treatment for OUD than societies with high income due to the stigma attributed to OUD diagnoses in their residential area (Sulley & Ndanga, 2020). Additionally, low income levels hinder these individuals from seeking professional medical care. Consequently, the prevalence of opioid-related deaths is significantly high in low-income communities Opioid Epidemic Presidential Agenda Discussion Walden Post.

US presidents introduced agendas to address opioid crises in the country. First, President Trump introduced an Initiative to Stop Opioid Abuse in the US in 2018, which was assigned US$6 billion to address the opioid crisis (Wen & Sadeghi, 2020). This program was designed to confront driving forces contributing to the opioid crises in the country. First, the initiative intended to create awareness regarding the dangers of opioid abuse among Americans. Secondly, President Trump’s government focused on regulating the importation of opioids into the country. A strong wall would be built along the Mexican border, the most significant supplier of opioids and other illegal drugs to the US. Thus, this initiative would reduce the amount of drugs entering the US from Mexico. President Trump’s government also planned to eliminate illegal immigrant drug traffickers from the country. Lastly, the government would provide more effective treatment options to persons struggling with opioid addiction. Additionally, President Obama combated the Opioid Epidemic in the country by signing the Bipartisan Bill (Grogan et al., 2020). The president signed the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act on July 22 (Grogan et al., 2020). This legislation focuses on regulating opioid prescription and US communities affected by the heroin epidemic. The bill would limit the misuse of opioids in the country and enhance treatment for Americans struggling with opioid addiction.

I agree with
previous presidents’ efforts to fight opioid crises in the country
. However, current initiatives and programs for fighting the opioid pandemic in the US should be adjusted to achieve the desired outcomes. In particular, scarce resources should be distributed equally to enhance access to mental healthcare among low-income earners Americans living in rural areas. Sulley and Ndanga (2020) reported that social justice dynamics must be revisited to effectively allocate resources to low-income communities and Americans below the poverty line nationwide. Therefore, creating a more equitable society in terms of resource allocation will enhance access to professional medical care among Americans struggling with opioid abuse, curbing opioid crises nationwide Opioid Epidemic Presidential Agenda Discussion Walden Post.

References

Bolshakova, M., Bluthenthal, R., & Sussman, S. (2019). Opioid use and misuse: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions.
Psychology & Health
, 
34
(9), 1105-1139.

Grogan, C. M., Bersamira, C. S., Singer, P. M., Smith, B. T., Pollack, H. A., Andrews, C. M., & Abraham, A. J. (2020). Are policy strategies for addressing the opioid epidemic partisan? A view from the states. 
Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
, 
45
(2), 277-309.

Sulley, S., & Ndanga, M. (2020). Inpatient opioid use disorder and social determinants of health: a nationwide analysis of the national inpatient sample (2012-2014 and 2016-2017). 
Cureus
, 
12
(11), 1-7.

Upp, L. A., & Waljee, J. F. (2020). The opioid epidemic. 
Clinics in Plastic Surgery
, 
47
(2), 181-190.

Wen, L. S., & Sadeghi, N. B. (2020). The opioid crisis and the 2020 US election: crossroads for a national epidemic. 
The Lancet
, 
396
(10259), 1316-1318 Opioid Epidemic Presidential Agenda Discussion Walden Post

Personal Leadership Philosophy in Nursing Walden University Essay

Personal Leadership Philosophy

Leadership often leaves a lasting impression, whether it comes from public figures like Abraham Lincoln or the quiet influence of mentors and colleagues who model strong values and vision. Although all leaders are unique, there are exceptional leaders that are always guided by a leadership philosophy, a set of beliefs that every great leader adheres to in their decision making, actions, and relationships. Leadership in healthcare can be very instrumental in enhancing clinical performance, establishing collaboration in teams and professional well-being. In this paper, I seek to provide evidence-based frameworks, outcome of my CliftonStrengths Assessment, and evidence-based literature on leadership to describe my personal philosophy of leadership. I will outline my personal values, mission, and vision, discuss my leadership strengths, list two behaviors in which to develop my strengths, and create a strategy to enhance these two behaviors and achieve them in consistency with my future leadership goals.

Core Values

I base my leadership on three major values, namely, integrity, discipline and lifelong learning. The value that acts as the backbone of my personal and work life is integrity. In my opinion, honesty, transparency, and moral decision making are critical in building trust and in generating a place where a team will feel secure and valued. According to Broome (2024), integrity is a leading trait of transformational nurse leaders, who should always display an ethical behavior and act as an inspiration to other people. My leadership vein also focuses on discipline. As noted in my CliftonStrengths report, Discipline is an attribute that demonstrates my desire to order the world around me, use planning and consistency, which are vital in high-stake settings like healthcare. I am committed to achieving sanity in complex situations to ensure resources, processes, and timelines are organized. The third value, lifelong learning, is also stated in my top strength, Learner. This principle makes me strive to develop and learn more and be open to changes constantly. Chan et al. (2023) note that knowledge translation can and should be a part of nursing leadership, indicating that as leaders, nurses need to be lifelong learners who can foster improvement by translating evidence into practice. These values provide a moral and strategic compass for my leadership journey.

Mission and Vision Statement

I have the mission as a leader to foster culture of integrity, growth, and collaboration through leading with purpose, empowering others, and using evidence-based practices. My values lie in the commitment to build inclusive and supportive conditions in which people are motivated to give their best, learn and innovate wisely. My vision is to be a transformative nurse leader facilitating the implementation of evidence-based knowledge in clinical practices, encouraging healthcare teams to be more resilient, and leading investigations and projects aimed at improving the well-being of staff and increasing patient care outcomes. Broome (2024) claims that transformational leaders are visionary, proactive and believe in building others up. My vision as a leader falls within this framework and is based on the fact that better health systems and healthier communities are created by empowering teams.

CliftonStrengths Assessment

My top five strengths found out in my CliftonStrengths Assessment are Learner, Deliberative, Strategic, Achiever, and Discipline. All these strengths offer an understanding of how I address leadership challenges and opportunities. The Learner strength illustrates my urge to learn new things and become better. The learning process is what fuels me and I perform optimally in learning environments that appreciate growth. The Deliberative strength illustrates my reflective and prudent choices of actions. I evaluate risks thoughtfully and I avoid being impulsive and this is critical in both clinical and organizational environments. My Strategic strength gives me the perspective to recognize patterns, other solutions and the capability to have foresight and flexibility to lead teams through complexity. The Achiever strength represents my motivation and endurance I appreciate the sense of accomplishment and progress. Finally, Discipline ensures order and predictability. I am a person who depends on routines and plans to achieve goals in an efficient way. These strengths are compatible with the transformational model of leadership proposed by Broome (2024), which considers strategic thinking, vision, and reflection as competencies that can help a leader become effective.

Key Behaviors for Growth

Two key leadership behaviors I intend to strengthen are delegation and emotional vulnerability. I have never delegated easily because I highly value discipline and control. I am one person who tends to over-commit and think that I can do the job much better myself, either to achieve higher quality or a quicker result. Nevertheless, studies reveal that good delegation enhances the capacity of a team, efficiency, and empowerment of others to develop (Specchia et al., 2021). My goals include entrusting more complicated duties to others and looking at delegation as an instrument of team building instead of a threat to quality. The next behavior is emotional vulnerability, which implies being open regarding personal limits, uncertainty, or emotional situations. Although I respect professionalism and emotional control, I understand that leaders are only able to promote authenticity, trust, and psychologically safe areas through vulnerability (Alsadaan et al., 2023). Being vulnerable is not about being unsafe or unprofessional but expressing a human and caring side when the situation demands it.

Development Plan and Path Toward Vision

The most effective way I can enhance delegation is by first defining what tasks can be delegated to other team members depending on their competencies and preferences. Weekly team huddles will be applied to address the workload plans and expectations. I will also consult with team members about their perception of the delegation process and will base the change strategy based on their responses. To create an emotionally vulnerable environment, I will start adding moments of reflection into team meetings, demonstrating an openness by sharing what I learned myself or what problems I have to deal with. I would also seek to be mentored by leaders who are considered to be emotionally intelligent and participate in professional development programs that emphasize need areas such as communication, self-awareness and empathy. Such measures will enable me to create better relations with my team members and foster the culture of openness and trust. The overarching vision of my leadership will be adopted ultimately, which is the development of innovative and resilient learning-oriented medical teams. Transformational leadership requires not only vision and competence but also emotional connection and the ability to elevate others (Broome, 2024).

Conclusion

Developing a personal leadership philosophy is a transformative process that requires reflection, intention, and a deep understanding of one’s values and strengths. My leadership philosophy is built on the principles of integrity, discipline, and lifelong learning, and is informed by the strengths of strategic thinking, cautious decision-making, and high achievement. As I continue my journey as a nursing leader, I am committed to enhancing my delegation and emotional vulnerability skills to become more inclusive, collaborative, and resilient. By aligning my actions with transformational leadership theory and leveraging evidence-based strategies, I aim to inspire growth, foster healthy work environments, and drive meaningful change in healthcare settings.

References

Alsadaan, N., Salameh, B., Reshia, F. A., Alruwaili, R. F., Alruwaili, M., Awad Ali, S. A., Alruwaili, A. N., Hefnawy, G. R., Alshammari, M. S., Alrumayh, A. G., Alruwaili, A. O., & Jones, L. K. (2023). Impact of nurse leaders behaviors on nursing staff performance: A systematic review of literature. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231178528 Personal Leadership Philosophy in Nursing Walden University Essay

Broome, M. E. (2024). Transformational leadership in nursing: From expert clinician to influential leader. springer publishing company.

Chan, R. J., Knowles, R., Hunter, S., Conroy, T., Tieu, M., & Kitson, A. (2023). From evidence-based practice to knowledge translation: What is the difference? What are the roles of nurse leaders? Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 39(1), 151363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2022.151363

Specchia, M. L., Cozzolino, M. R., Carini, E., Di Pilla, A., Galletti, C., Ricciardi, W., & Damiani, G. (2021). Leadership styles and nurses’ job satisfaction. Results of a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041552

 

Personal Leadership Philosophy in Nursing Walden University Essay

Many of us can think of leaders we have come to admire, be they historical figures, pillars of the industry we work in, or leaders we know personally. The leadership of individuals such as Abraham Lincoln and Margaret Thatcher has been studied and discussed repeatedly. However, you may have interacted with leaders you feel demonstrated equally competent leadership without ever having a book written about their approaches.

What makes great leaders great? Every leader is different, of course, but one area of commonality is the leadership philosophy that great leaders develop and practice. A leadership philosophy is basically an attitude held by leaders that acts as a guiding principle for their behavior. While formal theories on leadership continue to evolve over time, great leaders seem to adhere to an overarching philosophy that steers their actions.

What is your leadership philosophy? In this Assignment, you will explore what guides your own leadership.

RESOURCES

Broome, M., & Marshall, E. S. (2021). Transformational leadership in nursing: From expert clinician to influential leader (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.

Chapter 1, “Frameworks for Becoming a Transformational Leader” (pp. 2–19 ONLY)

Chapter 6, “Shaping Your Own Leadership Journey” (pp. 182-211)

Chan, R. J., Knowles, R., Hunter, S., Conroy, T., Tieu, M., & Kitson, A. (2023). From evidence-based practice to knowledge translation: What is the difference? What are the roles of nurse leaders?Links to an external site. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2022.151363

To Prepare:

Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments.

Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review.

Reflect on your results of the CliftonStrengths Assessment*, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits.

*not required to submit CliftonStrengths Assessment

Personal Leadership Philosophies

Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader. Use the scholarly resources on leadership you selected to support your philosophy statement. Your personal leadership philosophy should include the following:

A description of your core values.

A personal mission and vision statement.

An analysis of your Clifton Strengths Assessment summarizing the results of your profile

A description of two key behaviors that you wish to strengthen.

A development plan that explains how you plan to improve upon the two key behaviors you selected and an explanation of how you plan to achieve your personal vision. Be specific and provide examples Personal Leadership Philosophy in Nursing Walden University Essay

Be sure to incorporate your colleagues’ feedback on your Clifton Strengths Assessment from this Module’s Discussion 2.

RUBRIC

Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader. Use the scholarly resources on leadership you selected to support your philosophy statement. Your personal leadership philosophy should include the following:• A description of your core values.• A personal mission statement, AND• a personal vision statement.

Analysis of your CliftonStrengths Assessment summarizing the results of your profile. • A description of two key behaviors you wish to strengthen. *not required to submit CliftonStrengths Assessment.

 A development plan that explains how you plan to improve upon the two key behaviors you selected • An explanation of how you plan to achieve your personal vision. Be specific and provide examples.

Resource Synthesis

Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided, which delineates all required criteria.

Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.

Written Expression and Formatting:The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list Personal Leadership Philosophy in Nursing Walden University Essay

Presidential agendas Walden University

Presidential Agendas: Mental Health

Consider a topic (mental health) that rises to the presidential level.

Mental health is a population health topic that rises to the presidential level. It is a public health concern that affects the ability of individuals to live a fulfilling life that includes the ability to undertake professional and social responsibilities, such as work, family, and school tasks. A poor mental health outcome is associated with physical and social problems. The issue rises to the presidential level because it is a population health concern requiring government intervention at the federal and state levels to ensure that population health needs are met and a healthy lifestyle is promoted while detecting, preventing, and responding to mental health issues (Singh et al., 2022).

How did the current and previous presidents handle the problem?

President Donald Trump handled the mental health issue in 2020 by signing Executive Order 13954, dubbed “Saving Lives through Increased Support for Mental- and Behavioral-Health Needs”. This executive order sought to address mental health issues at the federal by allocating resources to minimize suicide ideation and drug-related deaths following the Covid-19 pandemic. It established a working group tasked with improving the coordination of mental health services between stakeholders while funding state agencies and organizations to support mental health treatment efforts (Government Information, 2020) Presidential agendas Walden University.

President Joe Biden handled the mental health issue through the Unity Agenda, a national mental health strategy implemented at the federal level to strengthen system capacity while linking more people to care and creating a continuum of support. The president’s focus was on transforming health and social services and infrastructure to equitably and holistically address mental health issues by strengthening capacity through greater investment, research, certification, and training. In addition, the Unity Agenda focused on connecting Americans to mental healthcare services by increasing resources, support for public health institutions, improving care access, expanding and strengthening parity, integrating mental healthcare into primary care, and embedding mental healthcare into community-based settings. Besides that, the Unity Agenda creates a healthy environment by banning activities that may impact mental health outcomes, such as targeted advertisement, strengthened privacy, halted discriminatory decision-making algorithms that limit opportunities, improved online protection, expanded intervention and support services, trained mental health professionals, and invested in research (The White House, 2022).

ORDER A HUMAN-WRITTEN PAPER HERE

What would you do differently?

While the two presidents made significant efforts in addressing mental health concerns, there is a notable focus on tertiary prevention and intervention efforts that involve interventions for persons with established mental health issues to prevent relapse and associated outcomes, such as premature mortality, physical illness, and health risk behavior. There is a need to invest government resources towards primary promotion efforts that involve promoting protective factors for mental well-being across the population, including meaningful activity, employment, education, adequate housing, and physical activity. Additionally, more resources should be invested in secondary promotion activities that involve early prevention to promote protective factors for mental well-being (Moller et al., 2020).

Furthermore, there is a need to recognize that some population groups are at higher risk of mental health issues and poor well-being, thereby creating a need to invest proportional more government resources in the primary, secondary and tertiary promotion activities targeting them. For instance, adult high risk groups may include minority ethnic groups, persons with learning disabilities, prisoners, and homeless persons. This would help to prevent the widening inequalities between populations. Even as the high risk groups benefit from the prevention strategies, the low risk groups would also benefit (Moller et al., 2020) Presidential agendas Walden university.

References

Singh, V., Kumar, A., & Gupta, S. (2022). Mental Health Prevention and Promotion-A Narrative Review.
Frontiers in psychiatry, 13
, 898009.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898009

Moller, N., Vossler, A., Jones, D., & Kaposi, D. (Eds.) (2020).
Understanding Mental Health and Counselling
. SAGE Publications.

Government Information (2020, October 3).
Executive Order 13954—Saving Lives Through Increased Support for Mental- and Behavioral-Health Needs
.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/DCPD-202000758/pdf/DCPD-202000758.pdf

The White House (2022, March 1).
FACT SHEET: President Biden to Announce Strategy to Address Our National Mental Health Crisis, As Part of Unity Agenda in his First State of the Union
.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/01/fact-sheet-president-biden-to-announce-strategy-to-address-our-national-mental-health-crisis-as-part-of-unity-agenda-in-his-first-state-of-the-union/

 

Rather than focus on the treatment of chronic disease, policies that influence population health tend to emphasize prevention and wellness; the reduction or elimination of waste and the eradication of health disparities based on race, ethnicity, language, income, gender, sexual orientation, disability and other factors. The reasoning is that good health belongs to the whole, not just an individual. (New York State Dept. of Health, n.d.)

Regardless of political affiliation, every citizen has a stake in healthcare policy decisions. Hence, it is little wonder why healthcare items become such
high-profile components of presidential agendas
. It is also little wonder why they become such hotly debated agenda items. Presidential agendas Walden university

Consider a topic (mental health, HIV, opioid epidemic, pandemics, obesity, prescription drug prices, or many others) that rises to the presidential level. How did the current and previous presidents handle the problem? What would you do differently?

Reference:

New York State Department of Health. (n.d.). Making New York the healthiest state: Achieving the triple aim. Retrieved June 21, 2021 from https://www.health.ny.gov/events/population_health_summit/docs/what_is_population_health.pdf Presidential agendas Walden university