Tag: Clinical-Nursing

  • vitamin b2 riboflavin deficiency disease

    A nurse working at a long-term care facility is observing a new client. Which of the following signs indicates that the client may have a vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency?

    A. Mouth sores

    Vitamin B2, also called riboflavin, is one of 8 B vitamins. Signs of deficiency include cracks and sores at the corner of the mouth; fatigue; digestive problems; swollen, magenta-colored tongue; itchy and burning eyes; and sensitivity to light. B2 deficiency has been linked to cataracts and migraine headaches. All B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into glucose) used to produce energy. They also help the nervous system function properly. The B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and proteins. B vitamins are water soluble, so the body does not
    store
    them. Bruising is a sign of Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy). Night blindness indicates Vitamin A deficiency. Muscle cramps, aches, or weakness indicate a Vitamin D deficiency.

    B. Night blindness

    C. Muscle cramps

    D. Frequent bruising

  • NURS-FPX4025 Assessment 4 Presenting Your PICO(T) Process Findings to Your Professional Peers

    NURS-FPX4025 Assessment 4 Presenting Your PICO(T) Process Findings to Your Professional Peers

    This course has been completed and no further assessments may be submitted.

    Create a 5–10 minute video of yourself, as a presenter, in which you propose an evidence-based plan to improve the outcomes for your diagnosis.

    Collapse All

    Introduction

    As part of the critical role that EBP plays in nursing, professional nurses share their findings with their peers and others. A big part of research is sharing knowledge so that others can also learn. Professional nurses attend seminars and read journals specific to their practice, and they also publish and present what they have learned. This assessment prepares you to share your knowledge with others.

    Instructions

    For this assessment, you are a presenter! You will create a 5–10 minute video using Kaltura or similar software. In the video and written narrative:

    Review your findings from Assessment 3.

    Create a poster presentation based on your findings from Assessment 3 (see the samples in the 
    Assessment 4: Poster Template Examples
     reading list). Include:

    An explanation of the diagnosis.

    The research question you developed using PICO(T).

    A summary of your sources.

    The answer to your PICO(T) question based on your analysis of evidence.

    Describe the key steps of care you are recommending based on your evidence.

    Give a professional presentation to your peers, showing your poster with your voice narration using Kaltura or similar software.

    Include your written narrative/script of the presentation in a Word document. Add the link to your video at the end of your written narrative.

    Refer to 
    Using Kaltura
     Campus resource as needed to record and upload your video.

    Note
    : If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact 
    DisabilityServices@Capella.edu
     to request accommodations. If, for some reason, you are unable to record a video, please contact your faculty as soon as possible to explore options for completing the assessment.

    Additional Requirements

    Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

    Length of video
    : 5–10 minutes.

    References
    : Cite at least three professional or scholarly sources of evidence to support the assertions you make in your video. Include additional properly cited references as necessary to support your statements.

    APA reference page
    : Submit a correctly formatted APA reference page that shows all the sources you used to create and deliver your video. Be sure to format the reference page according to current APA style.

    Video and narrative
    : You must submit a written narrative of all of your video content. Add the link to your video at the end of your written narrative.

    Competencies Measured

    By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

    Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.

    Explain a diagnosis in terms of outcomes, risks, and complications.

    Summarize the content of at least three sources of evidence, including the credibility and relevance of the articles to a specific diagnosis issue.

    Competency 4: Plan care based on the best available evidence.

    Describe a research question developed using the PICO(T) process to address a chosen issue related to a diagnosis.

    Explain the answer to a PICO(T) question based on an analysis of the evidence.

    Describe key steps of care based on the evidence.

    Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.

    Organize content in a poster presentation and written narrative so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

    Communicate effectively in a professional audiovisual presentation with clear light and sound.

    Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references, exhibiting adherence to most aspects of APA format.

  • NURS FPX4025 Assessment 3 Applying the PICO(T) Process

    NURS FPX4025 Assessment 3 Applying the PICO(T) Process – Applying the PICO(T) Process: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially fatal metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus, which is marked by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis (Lizzo et al., 2023). In the Sentinel U simulation, Jose Sanchez showed typical signs of DKA such as high blood glucose, Kussmaul breathing, dehydration, and altered mental status. The PICO(T) framework is a structured approach that enables nurses to develop focused clinical questions and efficiently

    search for relevant evidence to guide patient care. This paper uses the PICO(T) process on DKA management, establishes a gap in the existing literature, and examines the evidence to guide best clinical practices.

    Diagnosis Overview: Outcomes, Risks, and Complications

    DKA is linked to a high level of morbidity and mortality when not timely identified and managed. As Elendu et al. (2023) states, DKA is one of the most common causes of mortality in patients with diabetes, especially in under-resourced environments where the mortality rate can be as high as 24%. Typical complications are acute renal failure, electrolyte imbalances (particularly potassium disorders), cerebral edema, and cardiac arrhythmias. The laboratory results in the case of Jose Sanchez, including high creatinine levels and irregular potassium levels, indicate the possibility of a kidney problem and heart instability. DKA disproportionately

    affects the vulnerable populations. Jose Sanchez has a high risk of poor outcomes and delayed diagnoses due to limited access to health care, low health literacy, and language barriers.

    ORDER HERE

    Wysham et al. (2025) also highlights that patients with inadequate glycemic regulation, infection, or non- adherence to insulin therapy are at an increased risk. Healthcare disparities such as inadequate education and access to culturally sensitive care have a significant role in frequent DKA episodes. For example, a lack of interpreter services can result in the misunderstanding of discharge instructions, which increases the chances of readmission.

    Development of the PICO(T) Question

    A review of the literature reveals a gap in patient-centered outcomes related to fluid resuscitation choices, particularly in how fluid type affects recovery time and complications in adult DKA patients. Although 0.9 percent normal saline is commonly used in the traditional management, there is evidence to indicate that balanced electrolyte solutions (BES) can yield better results.

    PICO(T) Question:

    In adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (P), how does fluid resuscitation with balanced

    electrolyte solutions (I), compared to 0.9% normal saline (C), affect time to DKA resolution and

    electrolyte balance (O) within the first 24–48 hours of treatment (T)?

    • P (Population): Adult patients with DKA

    • I (Intervention): Balanced electrolyte solutions

    • C (Comparison): 0.9% normal saline

    • O (Outcome): Faster DKA resolution and improved electrolyte balance

    • T (Time): 24–48 hours

    Literature Search Strategy

    A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Search terms such as diabetic ketoacidosis, fluid resuscitation, balanced electrolyte solutions, normal saline, and DKA outcomes were key search terms. To obtain up-to-date evidence, filters were used to limit the search to peer-reviewed articles published in the past five years. The search process was narrowed down by using Boolean operators (AND/OR) and restricting the search results to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Factors of credibility that were taken into consideration were peer-reviewed status, expertise of authors,

    reputation of journals, and the publication date. The search process resulted in several pertinent articles, and three of them were chosen to be analyzed in detail because of their direct connections with the PICO(T) question.

    Analysis of Evidence

    Elendu et al. (2023) provides a comprehensive overview of DKA, emphasizing that prompt treatment with IV fluids, insulin, and electrolyte replacement is critical for survival. Although the article does not provide a direct comparison of fluid types, it sets the precedent of fluid resuscitation as a fundamental step in the management of DKA. The article is also reliable as it is peer-reviewed and is a synthesis of numerous studies, thereby being very relevant in comprehending the basics of management. Wysham et al. (2025) performed a systematic review that analyzed the burden of DKA in type 2 diabetes. The researchers point out high complication

    rates, such as acute kidney injury and extended stay. Notably, it also reveals gaps in prevention and management interventions, which justify better intervention methods, including optimized fluid therapy. The sample is quite large (197 studies), and the results can be widely extended to various patient groups. Szabó et al. (2024) provides the most direct evidence for the PICO(T) question. This meta-analysis and systematic review compared balanced electrolyte solutions to

    0.9% saline in the management of DKA. The study found that BES resulted in a faster resolution of DKA (by approximately 5.36 hours) and improved electrolyte profiles, including lower chloride and higher bicarbonate levels. Despite the observed risk of bias, particularly in the included observational studies, and in some small-sample size randomized controlled trials, the overall results can be considered clinically meaningful. The article is very believable and closely

    applicable in the enhancement of clinical outcomes among patients with DKA.

    Synthesis and Answer to the PICO(T) Question

    The evidence suggests that balanced electrolyte solutions are more effective than 0.9% normal saline in achieving faster resolution of DKA and improving electrolyte balance. Szabó et al. (2024) provide strong evidence supporting this conclusion, while Elendu et al. (2023) and

    Wysham et al. (2025) reinforce the importance of timely and effective fluid management in reducing complications. One of the assumptions made in this analysis is that the quicker DKA is resolved, the better the patient outcome in terms of reduced hospitalization and decreased chances of complications. The literature supports this assumption, as it associates long-lasting DKA with morbidity. Therefore, adopting BES as a first-line fluid may enhance patient recovery and reduce healthcare burdens.

    Conclusion

    The use of the PICO(T) process in the case of diabetic ketoacidosis demonstrates that evidence-based decision-making is a crucial component of the nursing practice. This analysis proves that balanced electrolyte solutions can possibly provide better results than the traditional saline treatment. The findings are particularly relevant for high-risk patients like Jose Sanchez, where timely and effective interventions are critical. Incorporating this evidence into practice can improve patient outcomes, reduce complications, and support high-quality, patient-centered care.

    References

    Elendu, C., David, J. A., Udoyen, A.-O., Egbunu, E. O., Ogbuiyi-Chima, I. C., Unakalamba, L.

    O., Temitope, A. I., Ibhiedu, J. O., Ibhiedu, A. O., Nwosu, P. U., Koroyin, M. O., Eze, C.,

    Boluwatife, A. I., Alabi, O., Okabekwa, O. S., Fatoye, J. O., & Ramon-Yusuf, H. I.

    (2023). Comprehensive review of diabetic ketoacidosis: An update. Annals of Medicine

    and Surgery, 85(6), 2802–2807. https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000000894

    Lizzo, J. M., Goyal, A., & Gupta, V. (2023). Adult diabetic ketoacidosis. PubMed; StatPearls

    Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560723/

    Szabó, G. V., Szigetváry, C., Turan, C., Engh, M. A., Terebessy, T., Fazekas, A., Farkas, N.,

    Hegyi, P., & Molnár, Z. (2024). Fluid resuscitation with balanced electrolyte solutions

    results in faster resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis than with 0.9% saline in adults – A

    systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 40(5).

    https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3831

    Wysham, C., Bindal, A., Levrat‐Guillen, F., Kostadinova, D., & Poon, Y. (2025). A systematic

    literature review on the burden of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16282

     

    NURS FPX4025 Assessment 3 Applying the PICO(T) Process

    This course has been completed and no further assessments may be submitted.

    Create a 3–5 page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question for the diagnosis you worked with in the first two assessments and analyze the evidence you locate to answer the question.

    Introduction

    PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.

    It stands for:

    P – Patient/population/problem.

    I – Intervention.

    C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).

    O – Outcomes.

    T – Time frame (if time frame is relevant).

    The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell & Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are beginning to apply an evidence-based model. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search. When applying the PICO(T) approach, the nurse can isolate the interventions of interest and compare to other existing interventions for the evidenced impact on the outcome of the concern.

    Reference

    Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2015). 
    Introduction to nursing research
    . Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    Professional Context

    As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of
    enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills
    . When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, healthcare systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted.

    PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question. When writing a PICO(T)-formatted research question, you want to focus on the impact of the intervention and the comparison on the outcome you desire.

    Scenario

    For this assessment, please use the diagnosis you worked with in the first two assessments.

    NURS FPX4025 Assessment 3 Applying the PICO(T) Process Instructions

    After reviewing the materials you created to research a specific diagnosis in the first two assessments, apply the PICO(T) process to develop a research question and research it.

    Your initial goal is to define the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. In some cases, a time frame is relevant and you should include that as well, when writing a question you can research related to your issue of interest. After you define your question, research it, and organize your initial findings, select the two sources of evidence that seem the most relevant to your question and analyze them in more depth. Specifically, interpret each source’s specific findings and best practices related to your chosen diagnosis, and explain how the evidence would help you plan and make decisions related to your question.

    If you need some structure to organize your initial thoughts and research, the PICO(T) Question and Library Search template (accessible from the 
    Create PICO(T) Questions
     page) might be helpful.

    In your submission, make sure you address the following:

    Review the PICO(T) process.

    Explain your diagnosis from Assessment 1 in terms of outcomes, risks, and complications. In your explanation, be sure to include the risks and complications for vulnerable populations or those affected by healthcare disparities and the impact of those disparities.

    Consider your diagnosis from Assessment 1. Develop a research question using the PICO(T) process to address an issue of your choosing related to your diagnosis.

    Properly format your PICO(T) question to guide your search of the literature.

    Describe your search of the literature, noting search engines, key words, and credibility factors.

    Locate evidence that explores your intervention and comparison of your PICO(T) question with an emphasis on your specific outcome (at least three diagnosis-issue-specific sources of evidence (scholarly articles)).

    Explain the content of each of your scholarly articles.

    NURS FPX4025 Assessment 3 Applying the PICO(T) Process

    Explain the credibility and relevance of each of the articles you chose to your diagnosis issue.

    Analyze the evidence. Determine the answer to your PICO(T) question based on your analysis of the evidence.

    Additional Requirements

    Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

    Length of submission
    :
     
    Create a 3–5-page submission focused on defining a research question and interpreting evidence relevant to answering it.

    Number of references
    :
     
    Cite a minimum of four sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.

    APA formatting
    : Format references and citations according to the current APA style.

    Competencies Measured

    By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

    Competency 1: Interpret findings from scholarly quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research articles and studies.

    Describe a search of the literature noting search engines, key words, and credibility factors.

    Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.

    Explain a diagnosis in terms of outcomes, risks, and complications, including the risks and complications for vulnerable populations or those affected by healthcare disparities, and the impact of those disparities.

    Explain the content of at least three sources of evidence, including the credibility and relevance of the articles to a specific diagnosis issue.

    Competency 4: Plan care based on the best available evidence.

    Describe a research question developed using the PICO(T) process to address a chosen issue related to a diagnosis.

    Analyze evidence to explain the answer to a PICO(T) question.

    Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.

    Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

    Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references, exhibiting adherence to most aspects of APA format.

    NURS FPX4025 Assessment 3 Applying the PICO(T) Process

  • NURS-FPX4025 Assessment 3 Instructions

    NURS-FPX4025 Assessment 3 Instructions

    Review the PICO(T) process.

    Explain your diagnosis from Assessment 1 in terms of outcomes, risks, and complications. In your explanation, be sure to include the risks and complications for vulnerable populations or those affected by healthcare disparities and the impact of those disparities.

    Consider your diagnosis from Assessment 1. Develop a research question using the PICO(T) process to address an issue of your choosing related to your diagnosis.

    Properly format your PICO(T) question to guide your search of the literature.

    Describe your search of the literature, noting search engines, key words, and credibility factors.

    Locate evidence that explores your intervention and comparison of your PICO(T) question with an emphasis on your specific outcome (at least three diagnosis-issue-specific sources of evidence (scholarly articles)).

    Explain the content of each of your scholarly articles.

    Explain the credibility and relevance of each of the articles you chose to your diagnosis issue.

    Analyze the evidence. Determine the answer to your PICO(T) question based on your analysis of the evidence.

  • NURS-FPX4025 Assessment 2 Applying an EBP Model

    NURS-FPX4025 Assessment 2 Applying an EBP Model – Applying an Evidence-Based Practice Model

    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus that is lifethreatening and requires timely identification and management to avoid serious morbidity and mortality. It is defined by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis caused by insulin deficiency and elevated counterregulatory hormones (Lizzo et al., 2023). Although several treatments have been developed, DKA continues to pose a major clinical challenge, being associated with a rise in hospitalizations and inconsistencies in clinical practice. Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become the norm in modern nursing practice, where relying on tradition or

    routine is no longer acceptable. EBP ensures that clinical decisions are informed by the best available research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences, resulting in better patient outcomes. This paper discusses DKA as the chosen diagnosis, establishes a clinical problem that could be addressed through an EBP process, implements the ACE Star Model to operationalize the use of evidence, and determines the validity and applicability of the chosen academic sources.

    Overview of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

    DKA is a disease that occurs due to a low level of insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and the breakdown of fats to ketones, which cause metabolic acidosis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2024). It can happen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, and can be provoked by infection, missed insulin administration, or physiological stress. The typical symptoms that the patients tend to present with are polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration,

    abdominal pain, and altered mental status. Otherwise, DKA may result in serious complications, such as coma and death. Management involves fluid resuscitation, insulin, and electrolyte replacement and management of the underlying cause. Maharjan et al. (2024) state that early diagnosis and proper treatment can considerably decrease mortality rates. Nevertheless, discrepancies in care provision are still an issue. All these gaps emphasize the importance of an

    evidence-based approach in clinical practice to obtain optimal patient outcomes.

    PLACE YOUR ORDER HERE

    Clinical Issue Requiring an Evidence-Based Approach

    Among the issues associated with DKA, one of the most prominent issues that comes to light is the absence of standardization of early recognition and standardized management in the healthcare setting. Late diagnosis and variations in treatment regimens can lead to a greater number of complications, increased hospitalization, and higher health care costs. Of special interest is the emergency and acute care environment, where early intervention is critical and should be both timely and precise. This issue needs to be treated with the help of an EBP approach since it encourages the use of up-to-date and high-quality evidence to make clinical

    decisions. Sieben and Ramanan (2025) suggest that clinical practice is uncertain, as much information remains unclear or of low quality regarding DKA management. In addition, Wysham et al. (2025) also note the high burden of DKA, such as higher morbidity and use of health care, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. The use of an EBP approach can help healthcare providers to standardize care, decrease variability, and enhance patient outcomes.

    NURS-FPX4025 Assessment 2 Applying an EBP Model – Description of the ACE Star Model

    The ACE Star Model of Evidence-Based Practice is a systematic plan for applying research in practice. The specified model is particularly applicable to address the identified issue because it prioritizes the creation of evidence and its application in practice. The five steps incorporated in the model are knowledge discovery, evidence summary, translation into practice recommendations, integration into practice, and evaluation. Knowledge discovery entails the generation of new evidence by means of primary research studies. Evidence involves taking a summary of individual studies into a coherent understanding, typically through systematic

    review or guidelines (Yuan et al., 2026). This evidence is then converted to practice recommendations, which help to translate the evidence into practical clinical recommendations. The integration into practice entails the implementation of these guidelines in healthcare facilities by means of changes to policies, education, and workflow. Finally, evaluation identifies the effectiveness of the changes in place by measuring patient outcomes and improvements where needed. The ACE Star Model is appropriate to this problem as it offers a clear pathway to go between research and practice so that the clinical care is informed by the most up-to-date

    evidence.

    Application of the ACE Star Model to DKA

    The ACE Star Model of the identified problem started with the step of knowledge

    discovery, during which related research on DKA management was identified. The databases

    (such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) were searched using keywords such as

    DKA, insulin therapy in DKA, and fluid management in DKA. One of the challenges that was

    faced during this phase was sifting through the vast amount of literature to come up with the

    most recent and quality studies. During the evidence summary phase, the identified studies were

    critically evaluated and summarized to reveal important findings. Umpierrez et al. (2024)

    provide specific recommendations on DKA management, emphasizing early diagnosis and

    conventional care. Wysham et al. (2025) point out the high burden of DKA, while Sieben and

    Ramanan (2025) point out gaps in the current body of evidence in particular areas, such as

    adjunct treatment and electrolyte regulation.

    The translation process involved the transformation of these findings into practice using

    recommendations such as the need to adopt standardized insulin administration and fluid

    resuscitation guidelines, improve the early detection of symptoms, and the need to improve

    patient education. The practice integration implies collaboration of healthcare providers, staff

    education, and institutional policies. The possible challenges are resistance to change and lack of

    resources, but they can be overcome by providing education and leadership assistance. The

    evaluation phase involves assessing how such interventions affect patient outcomes. The

    effectiveness may be measured by such indicators as a decreased number of complications,

    decreased hospitalization, and increased patient satisfaction. The ongoing assessment will keep

    the clinical practices up to date with the existing evidence.

    Analysis of Evidence Credibility and Relevance

    The applicability and reliability of the selected resources play a key role in determining

    whether the resources are useful in informing clinical practice or not. The article by Umpierrez et

    al. (2024) is an extremely credible source since it is a consensus report developed by some of the

    largest organizations focused on diabetes and is backed by an extensive review of the literature.

    It can be directly applied to clinical practice as it provides specific and up-to-date

    recommendations on how to deal with DKA. Wysham et al. (2025) provide a systematic

    literature review that explores the burden of DKA in type 2 diabetes. The article is authoritative

    as it has a rigorous methodology and incorporates a substantial number of studies. Its relevance

    is manifested by the emphasis on the general effects of DKA, which implies the necessity of

    preventive measures and a more effective management strategy. Sieben and Ramanan (2025)

    present evidence and a gap mapping review that detail the areas to be filled by research. The

    study is appropriate because of its methodological and comprehensive research process. It is

    relevant as it assists in identifying the gaps in existing knowledge, which is needed to direct

    future research and improve clinical practice. It offers distinct ideas on areas that need further

    research, as compared to the other sources.

    Conclusion

    Diabetic ketoacidosis is a severe and complex condition that should be treated in a timely

    and effective way to remove the complications and improve patient outcomes. The difference in

    early diagnosis and prompt treatment emphasizes the importance of an evidence-based approach

    to clinical practice. The ACE Star Model offers a systematic approach to evidence integration

    into practice that allows healthcare providers to make effective decisions and introduce effective

    interventions. Integration of the evidence-based practice results in enhanced patient safety,

    outcomes improvement, and the formation of professional nursing practice.

    References

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2024). About diabetic ketoacidosis.

    Diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/diabetic-ketoacidosis.html

    Lizzo, J. M., Goyal, A., & Gupta, V. (2023). Adult diabetic ketoacidosis. PubMed; StatPearls

    Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560723/

    Maharjan, J., Pandit, S., Johansson, K. A., Khanal, P., Karmacharya, B., Kaur, G., & Aryal, K.

    K. (2024). Effectiveness of interventions for emergency care of hypoglycaemia and

    diabetic ketoacidosis: A systematic review. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,

    207(111078), 111078–111078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111078

    Sieben, N., & Ramanan, M. (2025). Research priorities for diabetic ketoacidosis: An evidence

    and gap mapping review. Medical Sciences, 13(2), 53.

    https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13020053

    Umpierrez, G. E., Davis, G. M., ElSayed, N. A., Fadini, G. P., Galindo, R. J., Hirsch, I. B.,

    Klonoff, D. C., McCoy, R. G., Misra, S., Gabbay, R. A., Bannuru, R. R., & Dhatariya, K.

    K. (2024). Hyperglycemic crises in adults with diabetes: A consensus report. Diabetes

    Care, 47(8), 1257–1275. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci24-0032

    Wysham, C., Bindal, A., Levrat‐Guillen, F., Kostadinova, D., & Poon, Y. (2025). A systematic

    literature review on the burden of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16282

    Yuan, R., Liu, L., Mi, J., Li, X., & Mao, S. (2026). Application of an ACE star model–based

    evidence-based enteral nutrition management protocol in neurocritical care patients.

    Frontiers in Nutrition, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1786684

    Instructions

    Complete the following:

    Consider your diagnosis from Assessment 1.

    Explain an issue associated with this diagnosis that could benefit from an EBP approach.

    Choose the EBP model you wish to implement.

    Describe each step of the EBP model of your choice.

    Apply the steps of the model to your search for evidence for your diagnosis issue, and describe how you applied them.

    Locate at least three separate resources of evidence to assist with your diagnosis issue.

    Analyze the credibility and relevance of each resource as it relates to your diagnosis.

    This is a paper and should be 3–5 pages, not including the title page or reference page. The paper must be in APA format.

  • AONL Nurse Executive Competencies examples

    AONL Nurse Executive Competencies examples

    AONL Nurse Executive Competencies Review

    For the following questions, answer True or False as you explore your understanding of the AONL Nurse Executive Competencies.

    Question
    1
    of
    10

    Part of the role of the executive nurse leader, in nursing practice, includes assisting with the delivery of safe, equitable, and efficient patient care.

    Select one answer

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is correct.

    Nurse executive leaders in practice play a vital role setting the vision for nursing practice in the delivery of safe, timely, and efficient care that is patient-centered.
    1 point

    Question
    2
    of
    10

    The nurse executive competency model includes the following domains: communication and relationship management, professionalism, business skills and principles, and knowledge of current and relevant treatment options.

    Select one answer

    Incorrect

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is incorrect. The correct answer is 
    b.

    The model includes the following domains: communication and relationship management, professionalism, business skills and principles, and knowledge of health care environment. Therefore, the current and relevant treatment option was incorrect.
    0 points

    Question
    3
    of
    10

    The effective communication domain pertains to making oral presentations as well as providing written materials to diverse audiences.

    Select one answer

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is correct.

    The effective communication domains does pertain to making oral presentation along with providing written materials to diverse audiences on the topics of nursing, health care topics, and organization issues. In addition, it includes facilitating group discussions, and demonstrating skill in interpersonal communication abilities.
    1 point

    Question
    4
    of
    10

    Under the effective communication domain, the concept of diversity identifies cultural beliefs, but does not include incorporating them into the health care delivery process.

    Select one answer

    Correct

    AONL Nurse Executive Competencies examples Feedback

    Your answer is correct.

    The concept of diversity identifies cultural beliefs, establishes an environment that values diversity (e.g. age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, culture) and incorporates those beliefs into care delivery. In addition, it provides an environment conducive to opinion sharing and exploration of ideas.
    1 point

    Question
    5
    of
    10

    The relationship management domain strives to build collaborative relationships and implement effective conflict resolution skills.

    Select one answer

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is correct.

    Under the effective communication domain the concept of relationship management strives to build collaborative relationships and implement effective conflict resolution skills. Also, it includes creating a trusting environment by following through with promises, honoring commitments, respecting the concerns of individuals, engaging staff in decision-making processes, and communicating in a manner to maintain credibility and relationships.
    1 point

    Question
    6
    of
    10

    The knowledge of health care environment domain includes demonstrating knowledge of current nursing practice, communicating patient standards, and adhering to the standards of nursing practice; however, it does not include knowledge of federal and state laws and regulations.

    Select one answer

    Incorrect

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is incorrect. The correct answer is 
    b.

    The knowledge of health care environment domain includes demonstrating knowledge of current nursing practice, communicating patient standards, and adhering to the standards of nursing practice; however, it does include knowledge of federal and state laws and regulations. In addition, it requires participation in legislative processes on health care issues along with educating team members on such regulatory processes and interpreting the impact on health care organizations.
    0 points

    Question
    7
    of
    10

    Under the knowledge of health care environment domain the concepts of patient safety and performance improvement/metrics are addressed.

    Select one answer

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is correct.

    Under the knowledge of health care environment domain the concepts of patient safety and performance improvement/metrics are addressed. Patient safety involves supporting a patient safety program, using knowledge of safety science, creating activities to identify risks and a supporting Just Culture and surveys along with leading performance improvements and improving systems/processes. Performance improvement/metrics articulates the organization’s performance improvement program and goals, using evidence-based findings for patient outcomes, identify problems with analyzing root causes and implements solutions and sustaining measures.
    1 point AONL Nurse Executive Competencies examples

    Question
    8
    of
    10

    Under the leadership domain the concept of foundational thinking skills involves addressing ideas, beliefs or viewpoints of others, recognizing one’s own beliefs, values and influences, and applies critical analyses to organizational issues.

    Select one answer

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is correct.

    Under the leadership domain the concept of foundational thinking skills involves
    addressing ideas
    , beliefs or viewpoints of others, recognizing one’s own beliefs, values and influences, and applies critical analyses to organizational issues. Also, the concept includes maintaining an eagerness to gain new knowledge, demonstrating a reflective practice, and providing visionary thinking.
    1 point

    Question
    9
    of
    10

    The professional domain includes: personal and professional accountability, career planning, ethics, and change management.

    Select one answer

    Incorrect

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is incorrect. The correct answer is 
    b.

    The professional domain includes: personal and professional accountability, career planning, ethics, and advocacy. Personal and professional accountability involves holding yourself accountable, participating in professional organizations, and obtaining certifications. Career planning pertains to coaching others, seeking feedback on personal strengths and weakness, and developing personal and professional goals. Ethics is upholding principles and compliance standards, and learning and resolving ethical dilemmas. Advocacy promotes staff in decisions and represents the perspective of patients and families.
    0 points

    Question
    10
    of
    10

    Under the business skills domain the concept of information management and technology constitutes using technology to support performance improvements, collaborating of information, identify technological trends, using skills and providing leadership with the implementation of information systems.

    Select one answer

    Correct

    Feedback

    Your answer is correct.

    Under the business skills domain the concept of information management and technology constitutes using technology to support performance improvements, collaborating of information, identify technological trends, using skills and providing leadership with the implementation of information systems. In addition, it includes, using the data management systems for decision making.
    1 point

    Congratulations!

    You have completed this activity. The AONL Nurse Executive Competencies are just one set of competencies that you can use to help guide and assess your practice and growth as a nurse.

  • NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 3 Improvement Plan In-Service Presentation

    This course has been completed and no further assessments may be submitted.

    For this assessment, you will develop an 8–14 slide PowerPoint presentation with thorough speaker’s notes designed for a hypothetical in-service session related to the improvement plan you developed in Assessment 2.

    Introduction

    As a practicing professional, you are likely to present educational in-services or training to staff pertaining to quality improvement (QI) measures of safety improvement interventions. Such in-services and training sessions should be presented in a creative and innovative manner to hold the audience’s attention and promote knowledge acquisition and skill application that changes practice for the better. The teaching sessions may include a presentation, audience participation via simulation or other interactive strategy, audiovisual media, and participant learning evaluation.

    The use of in-services and/or training sessions has positive implications for nursing practice by increasing staff confidence when providing care to specific patient populations. It also allows for a safe and nonthreatening environment where staff nurses can practice their skills prior to a real patient event. Participation in learning sessions fosters a team approach, collaboration, patient safety, and greater patient satisfaction rates in the healthcare environment (Patel & Wright, 2018).

    As you prepare to complete the assessment, consider the impact of in-service training on patient outcomes as well as practice outcomes for staff nurses. Be sure to support your thoughts on the effectiveness of educating and training staff to increase the quality of care provided to patients by examining the literature and established best practices.

    GET WRITING HELP HERE

    You are encouraged to explore the AONL (American Organization of Nursing Leadership) Nurse Executive Competencies Review activity before you develop the Improvement Plan In-Service Presentation. This activity will help you review your understanding of the AONL Nurse Executive Competencies—especially those related to competencies relevant to developing an effective training session and presentation. This is for your own practice and self-assessment, and demonstrates your engagement in the course.

    Reference

    Patel, S., & Wright, M. (2018). Development of interprofessional simulation in nursing education to improve teamwork and collaboration in maternal child nursing. 
    Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 47
    (3), s16–s17.

    Overview 

    As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will often find yourself in a position to lead and educate other nurses. This colleague-to-colleague education can take many forms, from mentoring to informal explanations on best practices to formal in-service training. In-services are an effective way to train a large group. Preparing to run an in-service may be daunting, as the facilitator must develop their message around the topic while designing activities to help the target audience learn and practice. By improving understanding and competence around designing and delivering in-service training, a BSN practitioner can demonstrate leadership and prove to be a valuable resource to others.

    For this assessment, 
    build on the work that you have done in your first two assessments
     and create an agenda and PowerPoint of an educational in-service session that would help a specific staff audience learn, provide feedback, and understand their roles and practice new skills 
    related to the safety improvement plan you created
    .

    NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 3 Improvement Plan In-Service Presentation Instructions 

    Develop a PowerPoint presentation with detailed speaker’s notes representing the material you would deliver at a one-hour in-service session to raise awareness of your chosen safety improvement initiative and explain the need for it. Additionally, you must educate the audience as to their role and importance to the success of the initiative. This includes providing examples and practice opportunities to test out new ideas or practices related to the safety improvement initiative.

    Be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the rubric. Please study the rubric carefully so that you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

    Describe the purpose and at least three goals of an in-service session for nurses.

    Include a one-line purpose statement followed by the goals.

    Start each goal with a verb, such as 1) Explain reasons for medication administration errors, 2) Discuss the importance of preventing medication errors, and 3) Describe strategies to prevent medication errors.

    Explain the need for and process to improve safety outcomes related to a specific patient-safety issue.

    Explain to the audience their role and the importance of making the improvement plan successful.

    Create resources or activities to encourage skill development and process understanding related to a safety improvement initiative.

    Create a resource slide OR do an activity with the audience to assist them in learning and applying a new skill. A resource slide could consist of in-house materials, posters, or credible websites. An activity slide may include a quiz, simulation, group work, a case study, and so forth.

    Communicate with nurses in a respectful and informative way that clearly presents expectations and solicits feedback on communication strategies for future improvement.

    There are various ways to structure an in-service session; below is just one example:

    Part 1: Agenda and Outcomes.

    Explain to your audience what they are going to learn or do, and what they are expected to take away.

    Part 2: Safety Improvement Plan.

    Give an overview of the current problem, the proposed plan, and what the improvement plan is trying to address.

    Explain why it is important for the organization to address the current situation.

    Part 3: Audience’s Role and Importance.

    Discuss how the staff audience will be expected to help implement and drive the improvement plan.

    Explain why they are critical to the success of the improvement plan.

    Describe how their work could benefit from embracing their role in the plan.

    Part 4: New Process and Skills Practice.

    Explain new processes or skills.

    Develop an activity that allows the staff audience to practice and ask questions about these.

    In the notes section, brainstorm potential responses to likely questions or concerns.

    Part 5: Soliciting Feedback.

    Describe how you would solicit feedback from the audience on the improvement plan and the in-service.

    Explain how you might integrate this feedback for future improvements.

    Remember to account for activity and discussion time.

    Additional Requirements

    Presentation length:
     There is no required length; use just enough slides to address all the necessary elements. Remember to use short, concise bullet points on the slides and expand on your points in the speaker’s notes. If you use 2 or 3 slides to address each of the parts in the above example, your presentation would be at least 10 slides and no more than 15 slides (not including the title, conclusion, or references slide).

    For PowerPoint help, see 
    Guidelines for Effective PowerPoint Presentations [PPTX]
     and the 
    Capella University Library: PowerPoint Presentations
    .

    Speaker notes
    : Speaker notes (located under each slide) should reflect what you would actually say if you were delivering the presentation to an audience. This presentation does NOT require audio or a transcript. Another presenter would be able to use the presentation by following the speaker’s notes.

    APA format:
     Use APA formatting for in-text citations. Include an APA-formatted reference slide at the end of your presentation. See 
    APA Module
    .

    Number of references:
     Cite a minimum of three sources of scholarly or professional evidence to support your assertions. Resources should be no more than five years old. Use the 
    BSN Nursing Program Library Guide
     as needed to guide your research in the Capella library.

    Competencies Measured

    By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

    Competency 1: Analyze the elements of a successful quality improvement initiative.

    Explain the need for and process to improve safety outcomes related to a specific patient safety issue.

    Create resources or activities to encourage skill development and process understanding related to a safety improvement initiative.

    Competency 4:
    Explain
    the nurse’s role in coordinating care to enhance quality and reduce costs.

    Describe the purpose and at least three goals of an in-service session on a specific patient safety issue.

    Explain to an audience its role and importance of making an improvement plan successful.

    Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based strategies to communicate in a manner that supports safe and effective patient care.

    Slides are easy to read and error free. Detailed speaker notes are provided. Speaker notes are clear, organized, and professionally presented.

    Organize content with clear purpose and goals and with relevant and evidence-based sources published within the last five years.

  • NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 1 Enhancing Quality and Safety

    NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 1 Enhancing Quality and Safety

    This course has been completed and no further assessments may be submitted.

    For this assessment, you will develop a 3–5 page paper that examines a safety quality issue in a healthcare setting. You will analyze the issue and examine potential evidence-based and best-practice solutions from the literature as well as the role of nurses and other stakeholders in addressing the issue.

     

    Introduction 

    The role of the baccalaureate nurse includes identifying and explaining specific patient risk factors, incorporating evidence-based solutions to improving patient safety and coordinating care. A solid foundation of knowledge and understanding of safety organizations such as Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), the Institute of Medicine (IOM), and The Joint Commission and its National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) program is vital to practicing nurses with regard to providing and promoting safe and effective patient care.

    You are encouraged to complete the Identifying Safety Risks and Solutions activity. This activity offers an opportunity to review a case study and practice identifying safety risks and possible solutions. We have found that learners who complete course activities and review resources are more successful with first submissions. Completing course activities is also a way to demonstrate course engagement.

    References

    Kohn, L. T., Corrigan, J., & Donaldson, M. S. (Eds.). (2000). 
    To err is human: Building a safer health system
    . National Academy Press.

     

    Overview

    As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for implementing quality improvement (QI) and patient safety measures in healthcare settings. Effective quality improvement measures result in systemic and organizational change, ultimately leading to the development of a patient safety culture.

    Consider the hospital-acquired conditions that are not reimbursed under Medicare/Medicaid, some of which are specific safety issues such as infections, falls, medication errors, and other concerns that could have been prevented or alleviated with the use of evidence-based guidelines.

    The purpose of this assessment is to better understand the role of the baccalaureate-prepared nurse in enhancing quality improvement (QI) measures to address patient safety risk at a healthcare setting of your choice. You will do this by exploring the professional guidelines and best practices for improving and maintaining patient safety in healthcare settings from organizations such as QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) and the IOM (Institute of Medicine). Looking through the lens of these professional best practices to examine the current policies and procedures in place at your chosen organization and the impact on safety measures for patients, you will consider the role of the nurse in driving quality and safety improvements. You will identify stakeholders in QI improvement and safety measures as well as consider evidence-based strategies to enhance quality of care and promote safety in your chosen healthcare setting.

    See 
    Nursing Competencies
     for more information.

    QSEN Competencies

    OVERVIEW

    The overall goal for the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) project is to meet the challenge of preparing future nurses who will have the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the healthcare systems within which they work.

    Using the Institute of Medicine
    1
     competencies, QSEN faculty and a National Advisory Board have defined quality and safety competencies for nursing and proposed targets for the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be developed in nursing pre-licensure programs for each competency. These definitions are shared in the six tables below as a resource to serve as guides to curricular development for formal academic programs, transition to practice and continuing education programs 
    2
    .

    ​

    For information on applying the competencies at a graduate level, see the 
    Graduate KSAs
     page.

    Note:
     This content is reprinted with permission from the “
    Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
    ” article originally printed in Nursing Outlook Special Issue: Quality and Safety Education. For guidelines on use of this material, please read our 
    terms and conditions
    .

    DEFINITIONS AND PRE-LICENSURE KSAS

    Patient-Centered Care

    Teamwork and Collaboration

    Evidence-based Practice (EBP)

    Quality Improvement (QI)

    Safety

    Informatics

    Click here
     to download the PDF version

    REFERENCES

    1 Institute of Medicine. Health professions education: A bridge to quality. 
    Washington DC: National Academies Press
    ; 2003.

    2 Cronenwett, L., Sherwood, G., Barnsteiner J., Disch, J., Johnson, J., Mitchell, P., Sullivan, D., Warren, J. (2007). Quality and safety education for nurses. 
    Nursing Outlook
    , 55(3)122-131.

     

    Instructions 

    Select one of the safety quality issues
     presented in the 
    Assessment 01 Supplement: Enhancing Quality and Safety [PDF]
    Download Assessment 01 Supplement: Enhancing Quality and Safety [PDF]
     resource and incorporate evidence-based strategies to support communication and ensure safe and effective care.

    Assessment 01 [Group

    5
    ] – Enhancing Quality and Safety

    For this NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 1 Enhancing Quality and Safety assessment, you will develop a 3-5-page paper that examines a safety quality issue in a
    health care setting. You will analyze the issue and examine potential evidence-based and best-
    practice solutions from the literature as well as the role of nurses and other stakeholders in
    addressing the issue.
    Before you complete the instructions detailed in the courseroom, first select one of the safety
    quality issues below to analyze for this assessment. After you have selected one of the issues
    from the list below, return to the detailed instructions in the courseroom to complete your
    assessment.
    •

    Care for Vulnerable Populations (Homeless, Migrants, Prisoners) in Healthcare:
    Vulnerable populations, such as the homeless, migrants, and prisoners, often navigate a
    myriad of challenges that can significantly impact their health and well-being. Here’s why
    understanding and addressing the specific needs of these groups is essential:
    o

    Addressing Social Determinants of Health:

    Social determinants of health are
    conditions in the environments where people live, learn, work, and play that
    affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
    For vulnerable populations, these determinants can have profound impacts. For
    instance, a homeless individual might struggle with exposure to the elements,
    lack of nutrition, and limited access to hygiene facilities. Migrants might face
    language barriers, cultural differences, and the stress of displacement. Prisoners
    might experience limited autonomy, mental health challenges, and exposure to
    violence. Recognizing these determinants is crucial for tailoring care plans and
    interventions.
    o

    Building Trust:

    Due to past negative experiences, systemic biases, or the
    stigmatization of their circumstances, vulnerable populations might be wary of
    healthcare systems and providers. Building trust is foundational for effective care
    delivery. It ensures that patients feel safe disclosing information, adhering to
    medical advice, and seeking care when needed. For nursing students, this
    means practicing active listening, demonstrating empathy, and consistently
    providing respectful and non-judgmental care.
    o

    Holistic Care Approach:

    The health challenges faced by vulnerable populations
    often intersect with other life challenges, such as legal issues, mental health
    concerns, or the need for social services. A holistic care approach recognizes
    and addresses these interconnected challenges. For instance, a migrant might
    benefit from language translation services, cultural competency training for staff,
    and referrals to community resources. A homeless individual might need
    assistance with housing or access to social services. Prisoners might require
    mental health support or resources for reintegrating into society post-release.

    Being aware of these broader needs and integrating them into care plans can
    lead to more comprehensive and effective care.
    o

    Advocacy:

    Vulnerable populations often face systemic barriers that hinder their
    access to quality healthcare. These barriers can be legal, economic, or societal.
    Nursing students should recognize the power of advocacy. By understanding the
    challenges faced by vulnerable populations and advocating for policy changes,
    resource allocation, or community support, they can play a pivotal role in
    improving healthcare access and outcomes for these groups.
    o

    Cultural Competency and Sensitivity:

    Vulnerable populations, especially
    migrants, might come from diverse cultural backgrounds with unique beliefs,
    practices, and perspectives on health.

    Cultural competency ensures that care is
    tailored to respect and address these differences. It can improve patient
    satisfaction, adherence to medical advice, and overall outcomes.
    •

    Inadequate Patient Education in Healthcare:

    Ensuring that patients understand their
    condition, treatment options, and care plan is crucial for optimal outcomes. Here’s why
    recognizing the significance of patient education is essential:
    o

    Patient Safety and Well-being:

    Without proper understanding, patients might
    misuse medications, misinterpret symptoms, or fail to recognize warning signs of
    complications. This can lead to preventable adverse events, exacerbation of their
    condition, or even life-threatening situations.
    o

    Empowerment and Autonomy:

    Adequate patient education empowers
    individuals to take an active role in their healthcare. When patients understand
    their condition and treatment, they can make informed decisions, advocate for
    themselves, and participate actively in their care.
    o

    Adherence to Treatment:

    A clear understanding of the reasons behind a
    particular treatment or medication increases the likelihood that patients will
    adhere to their care plan. Non-adherence, often stemming from a lack of
    understanding, can compromise treatment effectiveness and lead to poorer
    outcomes.
    o

    Reduced Hospital Readmissions:

    As you’ve noted, when patients don’t follow
    their care plans correctly, they are more likely to experience complications or
    relapses, leading to hospital readmissions. These readmissions are costly for
    healthcare systems and can be distressing for patients.
    o

    Healthcare Costs:

    Inadequate patient education can result in increased
    healthcare costs due to unnecessary tests, treatments, and hospital stays. By
    ensuring patients understand and follow their care plans, healthcare systems can
    reduce these avoidable expenses.
    o

    Patient Satisfaction:

    Patients who feel informed and understood are more likely
    to be satisfied with their care. This satisfaction can lead to better patient-provider
    relationships, increased trust, and higher ratings for healthcare facilities.
    o

    Legal Implications:

    Informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement in
    healthcare. Without proper patient education, informed consent can be

    compromised, potentially leading to legal actions against healthcare providers or
    institutions.
    o

    Holistic Care:

    Beyond the physical aspects of care, patient education addresses
    the emotional, psychological, and social dimensions of health. By providing
    comprehensive education, healthcare providers can ensure that patients are
    equipped to manage all facets of their well-being.

    For this assessment, be sure to focus on an organizational setting. This could be a primary care office, urgent care, mobile clinic, hospital ED, rural clinic, etc. Then use the literature to support the problem and solution in the organization. Reflect on costs to that organization/setting and what nurses can do to coordinate the care within the setting. Reflect on stakeholders who may be involved.

    Be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the rubric. Please study the rubric carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

    Explain factors leading to a specific patient safety risk.

    Explain evidence-based and best-practice solutions to improve patient safety related to a specific patient-safety risk and reduce costs.

    Explain how nurses can help coordinate care to increase patient safety and reduce costs.

    Identify stakeholders with whom nurses would need to coordinate to drive safety enhancements.

    Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, using current APA style.

    Additional Requirements

    Length of submission:
     3–5 pages of content plus title and reference pages.

    Number of references:
     Cite a minimum of 4 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old. Use the 
    Capella University Library
     and 
    BSN Nursing Program Library Guide
     as needed.

    APA formatting:
     References and citations are formatted according to current APA style. See the 
    APA Module
    .

    Competencies Measured

    By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

    Competency 1: Analyze the elements of a successful quality improvement initiative.

    Explain
    evidence-based and best-practice
    solutions to improve patient safety related to a specific patient safety risk and reduce costs.

    Competency 2: Analyze factors that lead to patient safety risks.

    Explain factors leading to a specific patient-safety risk in a healthcare setting.

    Competency 4: Explain the nurse’s role in coordinating care to enhance quality and reduce costs.

    Explain how nurses can help coordinate care to increase patient safety and reduce costs.

    Identify stakeholders with whom nurses would coordinate to drive safety enhancements with a specific safety quality issue.

    Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based strategies to communicate in a manner that supports safe and effective patient care.

    Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar or punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

    Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

  • NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

    NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

    Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan Template

    Completed by: (Student Name)

    Organization: School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University

    Department: NURS4035: Improving Quality of Care and Patient Safety

    Reported to: (Instructor Name)

    Date Completed by: (Date)

    This template is provided as an aid in organizing the steps in a root-cause analysis. Not all possibilities and questions will apply in every case, and there may be others that will emerge in the course of the analysis. However, all possibilities and questions should be fully considered in your quest for “root cause” and risk reduction.

    A 
    sentinel event
     is a
     patient safety event 
    that occurs 
    unexpectedly
     
    and is 
    not primarily related to the natural course of the patient’s illness or underlying condition
    .

    These events are
     debilitating
     not only for patients but also for the health care providers involved. The goal is to learn from these incidents, improve systems, and prevent further harm to patients

     

    Remember, a thorough root-cause analysis aims to uncover both immediate causes and underlying systemic issues to prevent similar events in the future.

     
     

    Understanding What Happened

     

    What happened?
    : Begin by understanding the 
    sequence of events
     leading up to the sentinel event. Gather detailed information about the incident, including the 
    timeline
    , 
    people involved
    , and 
    context
    .

    Who did the problem/event affect, and how?

    A homeless adult patient with Type 2 diabetes was discharged from a community health

    clinic after being treated for hyperglycemia. Standard discharge instructions were given,

    and insulin therapy was prescribed. Within one week, the patient returned to the

    emergency department with severe hypoglycemia due to incorrect insulin use and

    inability to store medication safely because of lack of refrigeration and unstable living

    conditions. The patient also complained of confusion regarding the dosage instructions.This event had an impact on the patient and led to an unnecessary hospital readmission

    and acute metabolic instability.

    Why did it happen?
    :

    Human Factors
    : Investigate whether 
    communication breakdowns
    , 
    staff fatigue
    , or 
    lack of training
     contributed.

    System Factors
    : Examine 
    workflow processes
    , 
    equipment failures
    , and 
    environmental factors
    .

    Organizational Culture
    : Assess if there are 
    cultural issues
    , 
    lack of safety culture
    , or 
    inadequate leadership support
    .

    Society/Culture
    : What role might
    cultural assumptions or backgrounds
    play?

     

    Human factors:
    Patient had limited health literacy, and the nurse did not use a

    teach-back approach to fully assess the patient’s understanding of the discharge

    education.
    System factors:
    There was no structured screening of housing insecurity and

    medication storage barriers included in the clinic discharge process.
    Organizational culture:
    Social determinants of health were not adequately

    incorporated into the usual discharge planning process, which led to gaps in care.
    Society/culture:
    Stigma and assumptions related to homelessness may have

    affected the extent of education offered NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

    Was there a deviation from protocols or standards?
    :

    Procedures and Policies
    : Determine if established 
    protocols
     were followed or if there were deviations.

    Were there any steps that were not taken or did not happen as intended?

    Documentation
    : Review 
    medical records
    , 
    nursing notes
    , and other relevant documentation.

    Procedures and Policies:
    In this case, standard discharge protocols for diabetes

    management were only partially followed. The patient was prescribed insulin and given

    general discharge directions, and the patient education and discharge safety protocols

    were not followed to the proper extent in the clinic. In particular, the inclusion of SDH

    within the discharge process was lacking, although the organization’s expectations were

    that education be comprehensive and patient-centred.
    Were there any steps that were not taken or did not happen as intended?
    Yes.

    Several key steps were either omitted or not completed as intended:• The teach-back method was not consistently used to confirm the patient’s

    understanding of insulin administration

    • There was no documented assessment of the patient’s ability to safely store

    insulin, such as access to refrigeration or stable housing conditions.

    • A formal screening for housing insecurity and related barriers (transportation,

    food access, medication storage) was not performed.

    • Interdisciplinary discharge coordination (involving social work and pharmacy)

    was limited or absent, reducing the effectiveness of discharge planning.• No structured post-discharge follow-up plan within 48–72 hours was initiated to

    assess medication adherence or understanding

    Documentation:
    A review of nursing notes and discharge documentation indicates that

    patient education was recorded in a general manner (e.g., “diabetes education

    provided”), but lacked specificity regarding teaching methods used, patient

    comprehension, or validation of understanding. No evidence of assessor documentation

    of teach-back, evidence of social needs assessment, or evidence of community

    resources or case management contact at discharge. This led to inadequate

    documentation of the education process and critical safety assessments, leading to poor

    continuity of care and increased risk for medication-related harm.

     

    Who was involved?
    :

    Staff
    : Identify the 
    roles
     of individuals directly involved in the event.

    Supervisors and Managers
    : Investigate

    Staff:
    Primary nurse carried out discharge teaching and documentation. Insulin therapy

    was prescribed by the primary health care provider. The pharmacist dispensed the

    medication and provided routine counselling. Barriers to self-administration included

    limited health literacy and homelessness. There was no documentation of a social

    worker or case manager being involved in discharge planning.
    Supervisors and Managers:
    Nurse supervisors & clinic leadership were indirectly

    involved in the supervisory and management of the discharge process and staffing.

    There was, however, a lack of evidence of active monitoring of the quality of discharge

    education and structured interdisciplinary discharge planning for patients at high risk.

    Was there a breakdown in communication?
    :

    Interdisciplinary Communication
    : Assess how well different teams communicated.

    Patient-Provider Communication
    : Explore whether patients were informed and understood their care.

    Interdisciplinary Communication:
    Yes. Communication was lacking between the

    nurse, provider, pharmacy, and potential case management team. Key information about the patient’s homelessness and inability to store insulin was not effectively shared

    across the care team, resulting in gaps in coordinated discharge planning
    Patient-Provider Communication:
    Yes. Discharge information was given, but

    communication was not optimal. The teach-back method was not always employed, and

    there was no verification of the patient’s knowledge of insulin use and storage.Therefore, the patient left the clinic without an understanding of how to use the

    medication safely

    What were the contributing factors?
    :

    Physical Environment
    : Consider 
    facility layout
    , 
    equipment availability
    , and 
    workspaces
    .

    Staffing Levels
    : Evaluate if staffing was adequate.

    Training and Competency
    : Assess staff’s 
    knowledge
     and 
    skills
    .

    Physical Environment:
    The clinic environment did not have any systems or tools in

    place to routinely address social determinants of health, including prompts for checking

    for social determinants of health in the clinic workflow or access to resources for

    medication storage supports. This reduced the capacity to optimally plan discharge for

    homeless patients.
    Staffing Levels:
    Staffing was moderately constrained, causing time pressure during

    discharge teaching. This probably limited the depth of education, the use of teach-back,

    and coordination with other disciplines, such as social work or pharmacy, that are

    important in high-risk patientsThe majority of staff had received training in diabetes management routine and

    discharge education. However, there were competency gaps related to health literacy

    assessment, trauma-informed care, and addressing social determinants of health in

    clinical practice. Although nurses and providers were knowledgeable about insulin

    therapy, they were not consistently skilled in using teach-back techniques or in adapting

    education for patients experiencing homelessness. This prevented them from assessing

    a patient’s understanding and adjusting instructions to fit the…

    Did organizational policies or procedures play a role?
    :

    Policy Compliance
    : Investigate if policies were followed.

    Policy Clarity
    : Assess if policies are 
    clear
     and 
    accessible
    .

     

    Was there a failure in monitoring or surveillance?
    :

    Vital Signs Monitoring
    : Check if there were any missed signs.

    Alarm Fatigue
    : Explore if alarms were ignored.

     

     GET HUMAN-WRITTEN PAPER HERE

    What can be learned to prevent recurrence?
    :

    Lessons Learned
    : Identify 
    systemic changes
    , 
    training needs
    , and 
    improvement opportunities
    .

    Quality Improvement
    : Consider implementing 
    preventive measures
    .

    Lessons Learned:
    This event highlights the need for safe discharge planning to go

    beyond clinical care to include a comprehensive evaluation of social determinants of

    health, with particular focus on housing stability. Marcus et al. (2024) note that for the

    homeless patient, discharge planning that involves verification (teach-back), medication

    storage capacity, and early engagement of interdisciplinary teams is necessary. It also

    highlights a need for further education for staff on trauma-informed care and health

    literacy strategies.
    Quality Improvement:
    All discharge protocols should include screening of housing

    security, consistent implementation of teach-back, and social work and pharmaceutical

    involvement in high-risk discharge protocols to prevent recurrence. Follow-up within

    48-72 hours after discharge, and tailored medication support (e.g., simplified

    prescribing/medication storage) will further decrease risk (Wallace et al., 2024). Staff

    training and audit/feedback systems should also be implemented on a regular basis in

    order to maintain compliance and enhance patient safety results

    How can patient safety be enhanced?
    :

    Risk Mitigation
    : Develop strategies to 
    minimize risks
    .

    Education and Training
    : Ensure staff are well-trained.

    Reporting and Feedback
    : Encourage open reporting and learning from mistakes.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Root Cause(s) to the issue or sentinel event?

    Upon completion of the analysis above, please explicitly state one or more root causes that led to the issue or sentinel event. Please refer to the factors discussed above and categorize each root cause by choosing all that apply.

    Root Cause

    – the

    most basic reason that the situation occurred

    Contributing Factors
    –
    additional reason(s) that clearly made a situation turn out less than ideal

    HFC

    HF T

    HF

    F/S

    E

    R

    B

    1

    NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

    2

    3

    HF-C
    = Human Factor-communication           
    HF-T
    = Human Factor-training             
    HF-F/S
    = Human Factor-fatigue/scheduling

    E=
    environment/equipment
                                   R=
    rules/policies/procedures
                       B=
    barriers

     

     

     

    Application of Evidence-Based Strategies

     

    Identify evidence-based best practice strategies to address the safety issue or sentinel event.

    (Describe what the literature states about the factors that lead to the safety issue)

    (For example, interruptions during medication administration increase the risk of medication errors by specifically stated data.)

     

    Explain how the strategies could be applied in the safety issue
    s
    or sentinel events you have identified.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Safety Improvement Plan

     

    List any future actions needed to prevent reoccurrence.

    Action Plan

    One for each Root Cause/Contributing Factor from above

    E / C / A

    Choose one

    1

     

     

    2

     

     

    3

     

     

    E
    = eliminate (i.e. piece of equip is removed, fixed or replaced.)

    C
    = control (i.e. additional step/warning is added or staff is educated/re-educated)

    A
    = accept (i.e. formal or informal discussions of “don’t let it happen again” or “pay better attention” but nothing else will change and the risk is accepted)

     

    Describe any new processes or policies and/or professional development that will be undertaken to address the root cause(s).

     

     

    Provide a description of the goals or desired outcomes of the actions listed above, along with a rough timeline of development and implementation for the plan.

     

     

     

     

    Existing Organizational Resources

     

    Identify resources that may need to be obtained for the success of the safety improvement plan. Consider what existing resources may be leveraged to enhance the improvement plan.

     

     

    References:

     

     

    Instructions 

    This course has been completed and no further assessments may be submitted.

    For this assessment, you must use the supplied template to conduct a root-cause analysis. The completed assessment will be the template, focusing on the specific safety concern identified in your previous assessment.

    Collapse All

    Introduction

    As patient safety concerns continue to be addressed in healthcare settings, nurses can play an active role in implementing safety improvement measures and plans. Often root-cause analyses are conducted and safety improvement plans are created to address sentinel or adverse events such as medication errors, patient falls, wrong-site surgery events, and hospital-acquired infections. Performing a root-cause analysis offers a systematic approach for identifying causes of problems, including process and system-check failures. Once the causes of failures have been determined, a safety improvement plan can be developed to prevent recurrences. The baccalaureate nurse’s role as a leader is to create safety improvement plans as well as disseminate vital information to staff nurses and other healthcare professionals to protect patients and improve outcomes.

    As you prepare for this assessment, it would be an excellent choice to complete the Quality and Safety Improvement Plan Knowledge Base activity and to review the various assessment resources, all of which will help you build your knowledge of key concepts and terms related to quality and safety improvement. The terms and concepts will be helpful as you prepare your Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan. Activities are not graded and demonstrate course engagement.

    Overview

    Nursing practice is governed by healthcare policies and procedures as well as state and national regulations developed to prevent problems. It is critical for nurses to participate in gathering and analyzing data to determine causes of patient safety issues, in solving problems, and in implementing quality improvements.

    For this assessment, use the specific safety concern identified in your previous assessment as the subject of a root-cause analysis and safety improvement plan NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

    Instructions

    The purpose of this assessment is to demonstrate your understanding of and ability to analyze a root cause of a specific safety concern in a healthcare setting. You will create a plan to improve the safety of patients related to 
    the safety quality issue presented in your Assessment Supplement PDF in Assessment 1
    . Based on the results of your analysis, using the literature and professional best practices as well as the existing resources at your chosen healthcare setting, provide a rationale for your plan.

    Use the 
    Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan [DOCX]
     template to complete the assessment.

    Additionally, be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.

    Analyze the root cause of a patient safety issue or a specific sentinel event in an organization.

    Apply evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address the safety issue or sentinel event.

    Create a viable, evidence-based safety improvement plan.

    Identify existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve your plan.

    Communicate in writing that is clear, logical, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, using current APA style.

    Additional Requirements

    Length of submission: 
    Use the provided template to create a root-cause analysis and safety improvement plan. There is no page limit. A title page is not required but you must include a reference list as per the template.

    Number of references: 
    Cite a minimum of 3 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old. Use the 
    BSN Nursing Program Library Guide
     as needed.

    APA formatting: 
    Format references and citations according to current APA style. See the 
    APA Module
    .

    Competencies Measured

    By successfully completing this
    assessment
    , you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

    Competency 1: Analyze the elements of a successful quality improvement initiative.

    Apply evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address a safety issue or sentinel event.

    Create a feasible, evidence-based safety improvement plan to address a specific patient safety issue.

    Competency 2: Analyze factors that lead to patient safety risks.

    Analyze the root cause of a specific sentinel event or a patient safety issue in an organization.

    Competency 3: Identify organizational interventions to promote patient safety.

    Identify existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve a plan.

    Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based strategies to communicate in a manner that supports safe and effective patient care.

    Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar or punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

    Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

    NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

    Scoring Guide

    Use the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.

     

    Collapse All

    Criterion 1

    Analyze the root cause of a specific sentinel event or a patient safety issue in an organization.

    Distinguished

    Analyzes the root cause of a specific sentinel event or a patient safety issue in an organization. Notes the degree to which various causes contributed to the issue or event.

    Proficient

    Analyzes the root cause of a specific sentinel event or a patient safety issue in an organization.

    Basic

    Identifies the root cause of a specific sentinel event or a patient safety issue in an organization.

    Non Performance

    Does not identify the root cause of a specific sentinel event or a patient safety issue in an organization.

    Criterion 2

    Apply evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address a safety issue or sentinel event.

    Distinguished

    Applies evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address a safety issue or sentinel event. Notes how the strategies will address the issue or event.

    Proficient

    Applies evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address a safety issue or sentinel event.

    Basic

    Describes evidence-based and best-practice strategies, but their relevance to the safety issue or sentinel event is unclear.

    Non Performance

    Does not apply evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address a safety issue or sentinel event.

    Criterion 3

    Create a feasible, evidence-based safety improvement plan to address a specific patient safety issue.

    Distinguished

    Creates a feasible, evidence-based safety improvement plan. Refers explicitly to scholarly or professional resources to support the plan.

    Proficient

    Creates a feasible, evidence-based safety improvement plan.

    Basic

    Creates a safety improvement plan that lacks sufficient evidence or may not be feasible.

    Non Performance

    Does not create a safety improvement plan.

    Criterion 4

    Identify existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve a plan.

    Distinguished

    Identifies existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve a plan. Prioritizes resources according to potential impact.

    Proficient

    Identifies existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve a plan.

    Basic

    Identifies existing organizational resources, but their relevance to the plan is unclear.

    Non Performance

    Does not identify existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve a plan.

    Criterion 5

    Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar or punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

    Distinguished

    Organizes content with a clear purpose. Content flows logically with smooth transitions using coherent paragraphs, correct grammar and punctuation, and word choice, and is free of spelling errors.

    Proficient

    Organizes content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; content contains few errors in grammar or punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

    Basic

    Organizes content with some logical flow and smooth transitions. Content contains errors in grammar or punctuation, word choice, and spelling.

    Non Performance

    Does not organize content for ideas. Content lacks logical flow and smooth transitions NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

    Criterion 6

    Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

    Distinguished

    Exhibits strict and flawless adherence to APA formatting of headings, in-text citations, and references. Quotes and paraphrases correctly.

    Proficient

    Applies APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.

    Basic

    Applies APA formatting to in-text citations, headings and references incorrectly or inconsistently, detracting noticeably from the content. Inconsistently uses headings, quotes or paraphrasing.

    Non Performance

    Does not apply APA formatting to headings, in-text citations, and references. Does not use quotes or paraphrase correctly.

    Resources

    This course has been completed and no further assessments may be submitted.

    Use the resources linked below to help complete this assessment.

    Collapse All

    Reading

    Root-Cause Analysis and Sentinel Events

    With an increasing need of patient safety and quality improvement, root cause analysis is a necessity. Healthcare systems are implementing root cause analysis for the identification and reduction of errors. Root cause analysis uses a team approach with a focus on the entire system, not just the individual to acquire data on what happened and why.

    In this reading list you’ll find resources as well as articles related to root-cause analysis. The last couple of resources also provide definitions, policies, and procedures related to sentinel events, which may help you to complete your assessment.

    Assessment 2: Root-Cause Analysis and Sentinel Events
    .

    Evidence-Based Practice and Safety

    The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG) initiated by the Joint Commission works toward improving patient safety concerns while minimizing costs stemming from the issues. The NPSG offers ideas involving protocols and policies that may be implemented in various avenues of healthcare. Instituting a safety improvement plan is essential in the healthcare practice. A safety improvement plan is a simple and important plan to create actionable steps for improving safety performance.

    Along with a link to the NPSG, you’ll find other information addressing evidence-based practice and safety in this reading list.

    Assessment 2: Evidence-Based Practice and Safety
    .

    Program Resources

    Capella Writing Center

    Access the various resources in the Capella 
    Writing Center
     to help you better understand and improve your writing.

    APA Style and Format

    Capella University follows the style and formatting guidelines in the 
    Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 
    known informally as the APA manual. Refer to the Writing Center’s 
    APA Module
     for tips on proper use of APA style and format.

    Capella University Library

    The 
    BSN Nursing Program Library Guide
     will be useful in guiding you through the Capella University Library, offering tips for searching the literature and other references for your assessments.

    BSN Practicum

    Students enrolled in the BSN or RN-to-BSN degree program are required to complete direct practice hours.

    Action Required:
     In preparation for your practicum experience, you will want to review the 
    BSN Practicum
    Campus page and begin the application process. Your site and preceptor must be approved before you start your practicum course(s). You will not be able to enroll in any specialization or practicum course until you have received your practicum application approval. The review process can take twelve weeks or longer, so to ensure your program progression is not delayed, you should start your application process as soon as possible. Submit all requirements as soon as possible for review and approval. NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan

  • NURS-8114 week 1 PHILOSOPHIES OF NURSING PRACTICE discussion

    NURS-8114 week 1 Philosophies of Nursing Practice discussion

    Personal Philosophy of Nursing Practice: A Commitment to Holistic Care, Advocacy, and Social Change

    My personal philosophy of nursing practice is based on the conception that nursing is a profession that is scientifically based, with a nursing practice that involves clinical knowledge and skills, compassion, ethico-social responsibility, and advocacy to promote the health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. I believe nursing is more than just clinical practice or the treatment of diseases; it is the understanding of the patient as a whole, an individual with physical, emotional, cultural, social, and environmental needs that affect their health. Nursing is an expectation of providing safe, evidence-based, and holistic care and appreciating that all patients are unique, deserve dignity, respect, and personal care (Botana Gronek et al., 2025). My philosophy has developed through my professional experiences, interactions with patients, and growing understanding of the responsibilities of nurses as caregivers, educators, advocates, and leaders.

    My professional experiences have had an impact on my understanding of the nursing practice. Working in clinical settings has shown me that patients often present with complex healthcare needs that cannot be addressed through medical interventions alone. From this experience, I have developed and understood that to be an effective nurse, you must be able to listen, communicate in a therapeutic manner, think critically, and become aware of the unique factors that influence an individual’s health. Every patient has unique experiences, beliefs, barriers, and strengths that need to be taken into account as a plan of care is developed (Kelsall-Knight & Stevens, 2024). All of these experiences have further strengthened my conviction that, as a nurse, I need to care for the whole person rather than the disease process alone. The nursing metaparadigm, person, environment, health, and nursing, embraces this holistic concept by focusing on the interplay between person, environment, health experiences, and nursing interventions (Botana Gronek et al., 2025).

    My areas of interest and developing expertise include evidence-based practice, patient education, healthcare improvement, and promoting equitable healthcare outcomes. I believe that nurses need to be lifelong learners as health care is continually evolving and changing through research, technology, and the dynamic health care needs of the population. As I continue my nursing education, I am keen on building my knowledge and skills to be able to consider evidence, look for gaps in care, and participate in interventions that will ensure patient safety and quality outcomes. Advanced nursing practice extends beyond simply applying knowledge gained to an examination of existing practices, the application of evidence from research, and contributions to fostering useful changes in health care systems (Kelsall-Knight & Stevens, 2024). My ultimate objective is to become a nurse who delivers the best possible direct care to patients and who also helps to foster overall improvements in healthcare delivery.

    My personal beliefs about nursing practice are centered on compassion, respect, advocacy, and accountability. I believe every patient deserves care that acknowledges their individual values, preferences, and circumstances. As a bridge between patients, families, and healthcare systems, nurses often see where things can get stuck and can be the first to speak up for improved outcomes. I believe that economics, education, access to health care resources, culture, environment, and clinical situation are all factors that may affect one’s health. Social determinants of health are important determinants of health outcomes; when planning for effective and realistic care, nurses should identify them (World Health Organization, 2021). Nurses need to be cognizant of the obstacles encountered by patients and collaborate with them to alleviate those challenges that impede good health.

    As a future DNP-prepared nurse, I will broaden my perspective from the bedside to the population level, increase my knowledge of healthcare equality, healthcare policies, and system-level improvement. I understand that many health problems relate to issues of society and organisations and that nurses have a role to play in being concerned about these issues. I intend to engage deeper in evidence-based quality improvement efforts, cross-disciplinary work, and advocacy for increased healthcare access and quality. I also intend to maintain my learning of technology, research methods, and healthcare innovation to support effective nursing practice in a changing healthcare environment.

    My philosophy is to support the larger mission of nursing through service, leadership, and dedication to promoting human health. In my opinion, nursing is a profession that relies on relationships and trust, and one in which a nurse should be trained to integrate scientific knowledge with compassion and ethical decision-making. Through ongoing education and continuing professional development, I aim to contribute to improvements in health care that benefit individual patients, families, and communities. My philosophy of nursing practice is rooted in the concept that the best nursing care is delivered through a lens that sees the individual behind the diagnosis, considers what influences an individual’s health, and facilitates the use of knowledge and compassion to make a difference in the provision of health care.

     

    References

    Botana Gronek, M., Bleijlevens, M., Vluggen, S., Moonen, E., Van Dijk, A., Erkens, P., … & Meijers, J. (2025). Nursing theories as guidance for autonomy support in activities of daily living: A scoping review. 
    BMC Nursing, 24(1),
     479. 
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02990-5
    Links to an external site.

    Kelsall-Knight, L., & Stevens, R. (2024). Exploring the implementation of person-centred care in nursing practice. 
    Nurs Stand, 39(1),
     70–5. 
    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lucille-Kelsall-Knight/publication/376522858.pdf
    Links to an external site.

    World Health Organization. (2021). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. 
    https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health
    Links to an external site.

     

    NURS-8114 week 1 Philosophies of Nursing Practice discussion instructions

    By Day 3 Of Week 1

    Post
     the following:

    Explain your initial thinking about your personal philosophy of nursing practice. Be specific and provide examples. Include descriptions of the following:

    Your professional experiences 

    Your area(s) of interest and expertise

    Your personal beliefs about nursing practice

    Your goals and plans for expanding your awareness of issues beyond your current practice in alignment with Walden’s mission for social change and the SDOH framework

    Note:
     Your posts should be substantial (500 words minimum), supported with scholarly evidence from your research and/or the Learning Resources, and properly cited using APA Style. Personal anecdotes are acceptable as part of a meaningful post but cannot stand alone as the entire post. 

     

    Read
     a selection of your colleagues’ posts.

    By Day 6 of Week 1

    Respond
     to at least 
    two
     of your classmates, on different days, who shared life experiences or beliefs significantly different from your own in 
    both
     of the following ways:

    Explain how your differences in experience or belief may have shaped your philosophies in different ways.

    Offer a suggestion, based on your experience, which is related to their goals and plans for expanding their awareness of issues beyond their current practice in alignment with Walden’s mission for social change and the SDOH framework.

    Note: 
    Your responses to classmates should be substantial (250 words minimum), supported with scholarly evidence from your research and/or the Learning Resources, and properly cited using APA Style. Personal anecdotes are acceptable as part of a meaningful response, but cannot stand alone as a response. Your responses should enrich the initial post by supporting and/or offering a fresh viewpoint, and be constructive, thereby enhancing the learning experience for all students.

    NURS-8114 week 1 Philosophies of Nursing Practice discussion Sample 2

    My Personal Philos
    ophy of Nursing Practice: Compassion, Advocacy, and Health Equity

    My initial philosophy of nursing practice is that nursing is a science-based, compassionate profession centered on caring for the whole person while promoting dignity, autonomy, health equity, and a meaningful quality of life. Nursing involves more than diagnosing illnesses or completing clinical tasks. It requires nurses to understand each person’s physical, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental circumstances. McEwen and Wills (2022) explain that nursing philosophy and theory provide a foundation for defining nursing’s values, purposes, and relationships among the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing. My professional experiences have taught me that these four domains are inseparable in effective nursing practice.

    I have been a registered nurse since 2000 and a family nurse practitioner since 2016. My professional experience includes emergency care, primary care, urgent care, telemedicine, pediatric care, weight management, hormone replacement therapy, and psychiatric medication management. I am also a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner and provide services to older adults residing in assisted-living and memory-care communities. Additionally, my husband and I own and operate Freedom Family Practice in Lakeland, Florida. These diverse experiences have allowed me to care for patients across the lifespan and in environments ranging from emergency departments and outpatient clinics to patients’ homes and long-term care facilities.

    My primary areas of interest and expertise include family practice, emergency care, mental health, and improving access to individualized health care. Emergency nursing has taught me to assess patients rapidly, prioritize immediate threats, and make clinical decisions under pressure. However, it has also shown me that an emergency department visit may be the result of larger concerns, such as an inability to obtain primary care, limited transportation, medication costs, inadequate insurance coverage, or low health literacy. Treating the immediate illness without recognizing these underlying barriers may result in repeated emergency visits and continued poor health outcomes.

    GET ASSIGNMENT HELP HERE

    In my family practice, I can address some of these concerns through continuity of care, patient education, disease prevention, and appropriate follow-up. For example, when treating a patient with poorly controlled diabetes or hypertension, I believe it is important to ask whether the patient can afford the prescribed medications, obtain nutritious food, understand the treatment plan, and travel to follow-up appointments. A plan may be clinically appropriate but will not be effective if it is unrealistic within the patient’s circumstances.

    My work in memory care settings provides another example of how my professional experiences have shaped my philosophy. I have learned that agitation, aggression, crying, sleep disturbances, or other behavioral changes should not automatically be viewed as psychiatric symptoms requiring additional medication. These behaviors may reflect pain, infection, medication effects, loneliness, unmet emotional needs, overstimulation, or changes in the patient’s environment. This experience has reinforced my belief that nurses must look beyond the presenting symptom and seek to understand what the patient may be attempting to communicate.

    The four nursing domains provide an organizing structure for my personal philosophy. I view the person as a unique and multidimensional individual whose values, preferences, culture, family relationships, and life experiences should guide care. The person is not simply a diagnosis, medical record number, or room number. In dementia care, for instance, the person remains deserving of dignity, patience, and individualized communication even when cognitive impairment limits the ability to express needs.

    I define the environment as all the physical, social, economic, cultural, and institutional conditions affecting the person. These conditions may include housing, family support, transportation, access to nutritious food, education, community resources, employment, health insurance, and access to care. Healthy People 2030 organizes the social determinants of health into five domains: economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 
    [ODPHP]
    , n.d.). Therefore, an effective nursing plan must be realistic within the patient’s environment.

    I view health as a dynamic state rather than simply the absence of disease. Health includes physical stability, emotional well-being, functional ability, safety, purpose, and the capacity to achieve the best possible quality of life. For a patient with several chronic conditions, health may mean controlling symptoms and maintaining independence rather than achieving a cure. For a person experiencing depression, improved health may begin with feeling heard, remaining safe, sleeping better, and gradually reengaging in meaningful daily activities.

    I believe nursing is the professional application of clinical knowledge, ethical judgment, compassion, advocacy, education, and leadership. Nursing requires partnership rather than control. Patients should receive understandable information and participate in decisions about their care whenever possible. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021) emphasizes that nurses have an essential role in addressing health inequities because they work at the intersection of health care, families, and communities. Similarly, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2021) identifies population health, health equity, interprofessional partnerships, and systems-based practice as essential competencies for advanced nursing education.

    My goals for expanding my awareness beyond my current practice include implementing consistent SDOH screening, strengthening referral relationships with community organizations, examining practice-level data for disparities, and increasing my knowledge of local and national health policy. For example, I plan to evaluate whether patients experiencing transportation problems, food insecurity, unstable housing, or difficulty paying for medications receive appropriate referrals and follow-up. I also want to explore how telehealth can increase access while recognizing that some patients lack reliable internet service, digital literacy, appropriate technology, or a private location for appointments.

    These goals align with Walden University’s mission of applying knowledge to address societal challenges and promote positive social change (Walden University, n.d.). Through my DNP education, I intend to move beyond helping one patient at a time by developing evidence-based quality-improvement initiatives that can strengthen outcomes for entire patient populations. My developing philosophy can therefore be summarized as follows: Nursing is a compassionate, evidence-based partnership that honors the whole person, recognizes the influence of the environment, supports each individual’s highest attainable level of health, and uses advocacy and leadership to create more accessible and equitable systems of care.

    Referance

    American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2021). 
    The essentials: Core competencies for professional nursing education
    . 
    https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/Publications/Essentials-2021.pdf
    Links to an external site.

    McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2022). 
    Theoretical basis for nursing
     (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

    National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). 
    The future of nursing 2020–2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity
    . The National Academies Press. 
    https://doi.org/10.17226/25982
    Links to an external site.

    Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). 
    Social determinants of health
    . Healthy People 2030, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved September 2, 2026, from 
    https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
    Links to an external site.

    Walden University. (n.d.). 
    Mission, vision, and goals
    . 
    https://academics.waldenu.edu/handbook/vision-goals
    Links to an external site.

     

    NURS-8114 week 1 Philosophies of Nursing Practice discussion Sample 3

    Personal Philosophy of Nursing Practice

    My personal philosophy of nursing practice is grounded in the belief that nursing is both a scientific discipline and a human-centered profession that requires clinicians to recognize the individual, family, and community as active participants in health and healing. I view nursing as more than the treatment of disease or the completion of clinical tasks. Nursing requires the integration of evidence, clinical judgment, compassion, ethical responsibility, cultural awareness, and advocacy to promote the best possible outcomes for each person. Philosophical reflection allows nurses to examine what nursing means, how nursing knowledge is developed, and how that knowledge should guide practice (Sharifi-Heris & Bender, 2023). My philosophy has developed through professional experiences that have demonstrated the importance of treating patients as whole persons while simultaneously addressing the clinical, psychological, social, and environmental conditions that influence health.

    Professional Experiences

    My professional experiences in psychiatric mental health nursing have significantly shaped my philosophy of practice. Caring for individuals experiencing psychiatric crises and behavioral emergencies has shown me that effective nursing care requires more than identifying a diagnosis or administering medication. Patients experiencing mental health concerns may also encounter stigma, inadequate social support, limited access to treatment, housing instability, financial challenges, transportation barriers, and other circumstances that influence their ability to achieve and maintain health. Such experiences have strengthened my belief that nurses must assess the person within the context of the environment in which that person lives. The nursing metaparadigm recognizes person, environment, health, and nursing as interconnected domains that provide a foundation for nursing knowledge and practice (Johnson, 2022). Consequently, my professional philosophy emphasizes comprehensive assessment and individualized interventions rather than a narrowly disease-centered approach.

    Clinical experiences have also demonstrated the importance of consistency in evidence-based practice. Variations in assessment, documentation, therapeutic interventions, and continuity of care can influence the quality and safety of mental health services. Those observations have reinforced my belief that advanced nursing practice must combine compassion with accountability and evidence. A DNP-prepared nurse should not simply recognize practice problems but should critically examine available evidence, identify gaps, evaluate outcomes, and participate in sustainable improvements in care. My philosophy therefore includes a commitment to lifelong learning and the continual evaluation of nursing practice.

    Area of Interest and Expertise

    Psychiatric mental health nursing is a major area of professional interest because mental health is inseparable from overall health. My experiences have strengthened my interest in improving the quality, accessibility, and continuity of behavioral health services. I am particularly interested in evidence-based psychiatric assessment, therapeutic interventions, patient education, prevention, and systems that promote continuity of mental health care. Effective nursing practice requires clinicians to recognize that individuals experiencing psychiatric symptoms remain whole persons with personal histories, relationships, values, strengths, and goals.

    My philosophy also recognizes that the nurse’s role extends beyond the immediate clinical encounter. Advanced practice nurses have an opportunity to identify patterns in patient outcomes, examine barriers to care, collaborate with interdisciplinary professionals, and advocate for organizational changes that improve quality and equity. Nursing philosophy should support ongoing examination and adaptation of practice so that nursing knowledge remains relevant to contemporary healthcare needs (Sharifi-Heris & Bender, 2023). Accordingly, I intend to develop expertise that allows me to contribute not only to individual patient care but also to quality improvement, evidence-based practice, education, and healthcare systems that promote better outcomes.

    Personal Beliefs About Nursing Practice

    My personal beliefs about nursing practice are centered on respect for human dignity, individualized care, evidence-based decision-making, advocacy, and equity. I believe every person deserves to be treated with dignity regardless of diagnosis, socioeconomic status, culture, age, or other personal circumstances. Person-centered nursing requires genuine attention to the patient’s beliefs, values, preferences, and lived experiences rather than assuming that a standardized intervention will be equally appropriate for everyone. A philosophy of nursing therefore provides more than an abstract description of professional values because it influences how nurses understand patients and determine what constitutes appropriate care.

    I also believe that nursing practice must address the relationship between health and environment. Social determinants of health can influence access to healthcare, health behaviors, exposure to risk, and health outcomes. Nurses are positioned to identify these conditions because they frequently interact with patients and families across healthcare settings. Wise et al. (2023) argue that advancing health equity requires nurses to move beyond traditional clinical responsibilities and actively address social determinants of health. My philosophy consequently includes screening for relevant social needs, connecting patients with appropriate resources, involving interdisciplinary partners, and advocating for systems that reduce barriers to care.

    Expanding Awareness and Advancing Social Change

    As a future DNP-prepared nurse, I intend to expand my awareness beyond the immediate clinical problems encountered in psychiatric practice. My goal is to develop a broader understanding of how socioeconomic conditions, healthcare policies, organizational practices, culture, technology, and other social determinants influence health outcomes. Expanding this awareness will allow me to recognize that disparities are not solely the result of individual choices but can also reflect structural barriers within communities and healthcare systems. Nurse-led approaches to social determinants of health can contribute to health equity through interventions that operate at individual, organizational, and population levels (Guilamo-Ramos et al., 2023).

    Walden’s mission of positive social change aligns closely with my philosophy because I believe advanced nursing practice should produce benefits that extend beyond individual patient encounters. I intend to use DNP-level knowledge to identify healthcare problems, evaluate evidence, collaborate with stakeholders, implement evidence-based interventions, and measure whether those interventions actually improve outcomes. Within mental health practice, such work may involve identifying disparities in access to behavioral healthcare, examining gaps in continuity of care, improving evidence-based assessment and intervention processes, and advocating for vulnerable populations. Positive social change requires nurses to recognize inequities and participate in developing practical solutions rather than simply acknowledging that disparities exist.

    Integration of the Four Nursing Domains

    My philosophy can be understood through the four nursing metaparadigm domains of person, environment, health, and nursing. I view the person as a unique individual whose experiences, values, relationships, culture, and preferences should inform care. I view the environment as the physical, social, economic, cultural, organizational, and technological circumstances that influence health and access to care. I understand health as a dynamic state that includes physical, psychological, social, and functional well-being rather than merely the absence of disease. Finally, I view nursing as a professional discipline that integrates scientific knowledge, clinical judgment, compassion, advocacy, and evidence-based interventions to promote health and improve outcomes. Contemporary nursing scholarship continues to emphasize the interconnected nature of these domains while recognizing that the environment and broader healthcare context can substantially influence nursing practice (Johnson, 2022).

    Ultimately, my personal philosophy of nursing practice is founded on the belief that excellent nursing requires caring for the whole person while addressing the conditions that shape health. My professional experiences in psychiatric mental health nursing have strengthened my commitment to evidence-based, person-centered, equitable care. As I progress toward DNP preparation, I intend to expand my perspective from individual clinical encounters to organizational and population-level concerns. Through scholarship, advocacy, quality improvement, and evidence-based practice, I hope to contribute to healthcare systems that improve outcomes, reduce disparities, and create meaningful and sustainable positive social change.

    References

    Guilamo-Ramos, V., Johnson, C., Thimm-Kaiser, M., & Benzekri, A. (2023). Nurse-led approaches to address social determinants of health and advance health equity: A new framework and its implications. 
    Nursing Outlook, 71
    (6), 101996. 
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2023.101996
    Links to an external site.

    Johnson, E. (2022). Revisiting the nursing metaparadigm: Acknowledging technology as foundational to progressing nursing knowledge. 
    Nursing Inquiry, 30
    (1), e12502. 
    https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12502
    Links to an external site.

    Sharifi-Heris, Z., & Bender, M. (2023). What constitutes philosophical activity in nursing? Toward a definition of nursing philosophy based on an interpretive synthesis of the recent literature. 
    Nursing Inquiry, 30
    (4), e12582. 
    https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12582
    Links to an external site.

    Sharma, A., Arpanantikul, M., & Asdornwised, U. (2022). Nursing knowledge development from the standpoint of philosophical and methodological perspectives. 
    International Journal of Nursing Education, 14
    (3), 1- 6. 
    https://doi.org/10.37506/ijone.v14i3.18343
    Links to an external site.

    Wise, J., Caiola, C., & Njie-Carr, V. (2023). A fundamental shift in nursing is a requisite for achieving health equity: The nurses’ role in addressing social determinants of health. 
    Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 34
    (1), 125-131. 
    https://doi.org/10.1097/JNC.0000000000000383
    Links to an external site.

    NURS-8114 week 1 Philosophies of Nursing Practice discussion Sample 4

    My philosophy of nursing practice is based on the belief that nursing should treat the whole patient and not just the diagnosis. Nursing requires more than completing clinical tasks; it calls for critical thinking, ethical awareness, communication, advocacy, and respect for each patient’s dignity. Effective nursing means caring for the whole person, including the patient’s values, lived experience, environment, culture, and access to resources.

    My experiences in acute care and home health have shown me that patients’ needs often extend beyond the medical problem that first brings them into care. In home health, for example, nurses see recovery in the patient’s environment. A patient recovering from a stroke may need support with medications, mobility, follow-up care, and daily activities, while also facing safety concerns, limited family support, transportation barriers, or difficulty paying for medications. These experiences have taught me that social determinants of health should be part of care planning from the beginning.

    Communication and advocacy are central to my practice. Because nurses spend significant time with patients, they are often the first to notice changes in condition, confusion about treatment, or concerns that go unaddressed. Advocacy means speaking up for patients, helping them understand their options, supporting informed decisions, and ensuring their preferences are heard. Patients should be treated as active partners in their care, not simply as recipients of treatment.

    My professional interests include acute care and nursing education, especially patient teaching during the transition from hospital to home. In acute care, nurses respond to immediate needs while preparing patients for safe discharge. A patient hospitalized with uncontrolled diabetes may need teaching about medications, blood glucose monitoring, symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemia, nutrition, and follow-up care. Education must be realistic and consider whether the patient can afford medications, obtain supplies, access nutritious food, and understand instructions. Patient teaching is most effective when it improves health literacy, builds confidence, and reduces preventable complications.

    I understand nursing expertise as more than technical skill. Clinical competence is essential, but strong practice also depends on critical thinking, ethical decision-making, communication, and the thoughtful use of evidence. Evidence-based practice integrates the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values to improve quality of care and outcomes (Melnyk et al., 2014). This supports my belief that nurses should question routines, evaluate outcomes, and adjust care to meet individual needs.

    A central part of my philosophy is that every patient deserves dignity, respect, and compassionate care regardless of socioeconomic status, cultural background, diagnosis, or personal circumstances. Nurses must approach patients without judgment and recognize that health behaviors and outcomes are shaped by social, environmental, structural, and individual factors.

    Social determinants of health, including economic stability, education, healthcare access, neighborhood environment, and social support, have a major effect on outcomes (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], n.d.). Teaching a patient about healthy food choices is not enough if affordable, nutritious food is unavailable. Discharge plans may also fail when transportation, housing instability, medication cost, or low health literacy create barriers. Holistic nursing means identifying these challenges and working with patients, families, healthcare teams, and community partners to create realistic plans.

    Nursing also requires continuous learning and humility, as evidenced by the fact that technology, policy, and population needs change. My philosophy includes a commitment to ongoing education and a desire to understand health inequities. Walden University’s emphasis on positive social change aligns with my belief that nurses have a responsibility to address systemic factors that contribute to disparities. Strengthening my understanding of healthcare access, housing, education, transportation, food security, and social support will help me become a stronger advocate for equitable care.

    Ultimately, I hope to practice nursing in a way that responds to illness while also addressing the broader conditions that influence health. By using evidence-based practice, advocating for patients, providing meaningful education, and considering social determinants of health, I can contribute to care that is effective, ethical, and responsive to patients’ real lives. My goal is to continue growing as a reflective nursing professional who supports better outcomes for individuals, families, and communities while advancing health equity and positive social change.

    References

    Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher-Ford, L., Long, L. E., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence-based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real-world clinical settings: Proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. 
    Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 11
    (1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12021

    Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). 
    Social determinants of health
    . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health NURS-8114 week 1 Philosophies of Nursing Practice discussion