Tag: Clinical-Nursing

  • NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

    NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

    Upskilling of the Healthcare Workforce: A Pertinent National Healthcare Issue Affecting Healthcare Organizations in the United States

    There are many national healthcare stressors or issues affecting and impacting healthcare organizations all over the United States. All of them require addressing, although some are more urgent than others. The healthcare issue chosen in this case and one of the most significant stressors at the moment is the issue of upskilling of healthcare professionals. In this context, these would be the nurses working within the healthcare organization. According to Ross (2019), upskilling is the process of retraining employees so that they can acquire new skills for them to continue practicing in their field with ease NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue. Recent developments (particularly technological) within and around healthcare have necessitated the requirement that workers such as nurses possess skillsets that are upgraded. As a matter of fact, upskilling was identified as one of the six important healthcare issues in 2019 by PwC Health Research Institute (Ross, 2019). Currently, whole healthcare workforces are threatened with redundancy by technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) if they do not upskill. This includes nurses, who have traditionally not been involved with technology in the course of delivering nursing care (Teague, 2019). NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

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    The impact to my healthcare organization of upskilling as a healthcare issue is immense. This is because emerging healthcare technologies are becoming more and more mandatory in diagnostics, therapeutics, and nursing care. Nurses are therefore finding themselves short of skills to deliver quality patient care. This makes the organization set aside resources to retrain and upgrade the skills of its nurses so that they can cope with the emerging technological changes. This, however, is an inevitably resource-intensive undertaking fir the organization. In my organization, for instance, the policy makers have already had to set aside funds for training of the nurses and other healthcare staff on the use of the recently introduced EHR. NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue. Already, upskilling is happening in the healthcare sector with the now standard requirement for electronic health records or EHR. That said, the hallmark of upskilling in healthcare is predicted to be artificial intelligence-assisted telehealth interventions (Teague, 2019).

    Some of the Areas of Concern

    Healthcare organizations must invest in the abilities of their workforce if they are to have a competitive advantage over their peers. Not doing so will of course render the organization unable to compete effectively in an ever-changing healthcare marketplace. For instance, AI is more and more used in healthcare at the moment. What this means is that rising sophistication of emerging medical technologies is driving the need for upskilled health workers (Ross, 2019). The advent of digital therapeutics is the other area of concern. This is the treatment of disease using healthcare technologies to complement or replace traditional methods in disease management. The reality is that the clinical validation of these digital therapeutics products and connected medical devices is already being done by the Food and Drug Administration or FDA (Siwicki, 2019). This is an indicator of the urgency with which upskilling of healthcare staff like nurses should be treated. NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue.

    Two Articles on the Upskilling of Healthcare Workers as a Healthcare Issue of Concern

               
    Rimmer (2018) has posited that doctors have to undergo additional training in order to be successful at using emerging healthcare technologies. This particular article addresses doctors as the healthcare workers of concern, but it has been chosen because the very same situation is true for the nurses. This article talks of a report that states that training is needed by doctors in areas such as artificial intelligence algorithms, genomics, and digital literacy. As mentioned above, that is the same treatment that nurse practitioners should also receive. The article goes ahead to stress that training is a must for healthcare staff in order to cope with emerging healthcare technologies. NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

    Fralic (2013) on her part observes that the American healthcare system is undergoing change that is radical and monumental. She states, correctly, that with change there is need to re-strategise and re-organize to deliver quality healthcare. To do this, upskilling is a must to keep up with healthcare technologies. In other organizations in the healthcare sector, the same situation portends. They, too, are adopting the same approach of retraining to upskill nurses, doctors, and other health workers so that they can cope with the recent technological changes and continue to offer quality and safe patient care.

    Strategies to Address the Organizational Impact of Upskilling

    Since the reality of upskilling in healthcare organizations is inevitable, it is essential to develop strategies that aim at addressing the organizational impact of this issue. Three strategies are especially helpful. First, the organization needs to introduce new technologies gradually to allow for adaptation and training. Second, upskilling should be made a policy initiative that features in the organization’s goals. Third and last, upskilling should be properly budgeted for like any other expense if it is to succeed (Fralic, 2013; Rimmer, 2018; Teague, 2019). Under no circumstances should upskilling be considered as an afterthought. These strategies impact my organization positively in that they are geared towards giving the organization a competitive advantage. On the negative side, however, budgeting means that this strategy will consume resources that the organization must set aside.

    References

    Fralic, M.F. (2013). Upskilling for new-era healthcare: Lessons from high impact readings.
    Nurse Leader, 11
    (4).
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2013.05.008

    Rimmer, A. (2018). Upskill doctors to make the most of new medical technologies, report says.
    BMJ,
    361
    (k2861). Doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2861

    Ross, J.R. (2019).
    Upskilling could be an ideal treatment for healthcare’s employment woes
    . Retrieved 4 March 2020 from
    https://www.cardiovascularbusiness.com/topics/healthcare-economics/upskilling-could-be-ideal-rx-healthcares-employment-woes

    Siwicki, B. (2019). Here are 6 major issues facing healthcare in 2019, according to PwC.
    Healthcare ITNews
    . Retrieved 4 March 2020 from
    https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/here-are-6-major-issues-facing-healthcare-2019-according-pwc

    Teague, T. (2019).
    Will healthcare employees need to be upskilled or reskilled as technology advances?
    Retrieved 4 March 2020 from

    Will Healthcare Employees Need to be Upskilled or Reskilled as Technology Advances?

     

    Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

    The Quadruple Aim provides broad categories of goals to pursue to maintain and improve healthcare. Within each goal are many issues that, if addressed successfully, may have a positive impact on outcomes. For example, healthcare leaders are being tasked to shift from an emphasis on disease management often provided in an acute care setting to health promotion and disease prevention delivered in primary care settings. Efforts in this area can have significant positive impacts by reducing the need for primary healthcare and by reducing the stress on the healthcare system. NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

    Changes in the industry only serve to stress what has always been true; namely, that the healthcare field has always faced significant challenges, and that goals to improve healthcare will always involve multiple stakeholders. This should not seem surprising given the circumstances. Indeed, when a growing population needs care, there are factors involved such as the demands of providing that care and the rising costs associated with healthcare. Generally, it is not surprising that the field of healthcare is an industry facing multifaceted issues that evolve over time.

    In this module’s Discussion, you reviewed some healthcare issues/stressors and selected one for further review. For this Assignment, you will consider in more detail the healthcare issue/stressor you selected. You will also review research that addresses the issue/stressor and write a white paper to your organization’s leadership that addresses the issue/stressor you selected. NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

    To Prepare:

    Review the national healthcare issues/stressors presented in the Resources and reflect on the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected for study.

    Reflect on the feedback you received from your colleagues on your Discussion post for the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected.

    Identify and review two additional scholarly resources (not included in the Resources for this module) that focus on change strategies implemented by healthcare organizations to address your selected national healthcare issue/stressor.

    The Assignment (3-4 Pages):

    Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

    Develop a 3- to 4-page paper, written to your organization’s leadership team, addressing your selected national healthcare issue/stressor and how it is impacting your work setting. Be sure to address the following:

    Describe the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected and its impact on your organization. Use organizational data to quantify the impact (if necessary, seek assistance from leadership or appropriate stakeholders in your organization).

    Provide a brief summary of the two articles you reviewed from outside resources on the national healthcare issue/stressor. Explain how the healthcare issue/stressor is being addressed in other organizations.

    Summarize the strategies used to address the organizational impact of national healthcare issues/stressors presented in the scholarly resources you selected. Explain how they may impact your organization both positively and negatively. Be specific and provide examples. NURS 6053 week 2 Assignment: Analysis of a Pertinent Healthcare Issue

  • NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

    NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

    Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

    Quite often, nurse leaders are faced with ethical dilemmas, such as those associated with choices between competing needs and limited resources. Resources are finite, and competition for those resources occurs daily in all organizations.

    For example, the use of 12-hour shifts has been a strategy to retain nurses. However, evidence suggests that as nurses work more hours in a shift, they commit more errors. How do effective leaders find a balance between the needs of the organization and the needs of ensuring quality, effective, and safe patient care?

    In this Discussion, you will reflect on a national healthcare issue and examine how competing needs may impact the development of polices to address that issue. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

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    To Prepare:

    Review the Resources and think about the national healthcare issue/stressor you previously selected for study in Module 1.

    Reflect on the competing needs in healthcare delivery as they pertain to the national healthcare issue/stressor you previously examined.

    By Day 3 of Week 3

    Post an explanation of how competing needs, such as the needs of the workforce, resources, and patients, may impact the development of policy. Then, describe any specific competing needs that may impact the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected. What are the impacts, and how might policy address these competing needs? Be specific and provide examples. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

     

    Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

    How competing needs may impact the development of a policy

    Competing needs, such as the needs of patients, workforce, and resources may impact the development of a policy because the competing needs should align with the agenda that policy is advocating for.   For example, a policy addressing adequate nurse staffing is required to meet the patient and workforce needs while minimizing financial cost.  According to Lopez et al (2015), .the effective utilization and deployment of the workforce are of great importance to ensure efficient delivery of healthcare services in terms of quantity, quality, and cost.

    Failure effectively deploys and utilizing the workforce to do so might lead to a shortage or oversupply of clinical staff. For example, an oversupply of clinical staff might result in economic inefficiencies along with misallocated resources under the guise of adequate staffing. The shortage of staff is connected with numerous negative impacts, including lower quality and quantity of care because there are few resources to offer the essential services; work overload of the available nurses leading to burnout, eventually compromising patient safety; and longer waiting times as a result of inadequate staff leading to preventable patient deaths (Lopez et al, 2015).

    Specific competing needs that may impact workload

    A good fit between nursing staff and patients’ needs are specific competing needs that may impact workload as a national healthcare issue Organizations are exploring schemes of ensuring a good balance amid nursing staff expertise and size and patient needs so as to ensure quality and safe care along with outstanding services to patients while ensuring operating costs are sustainable (van den Oetelaar et al, 2016).

    van den Oetelaar et al (2016) claim that nursing capacity should be optimally matched to the needs of patients which is achievable through a sensible and fair distribution of nurses in units, leading to a workload that is equally distributed and manageable for the nursing staff. This necessitates a good balance between nursing staff and patients’ needs. One scheme of ensuring an appropriate balance is the managing workload for nursing staff. This assists balance the needed resources with the available resources, which in turn averts additional costs for overstaffing a unit and averts a decline in employee engagement or patient experiences by understaffing a unit. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

    The impacts and how policy might address these competing needs

    Workload has an impact on both patient and staff needs as well as an organization’s resources.  High causes burnout which leads to errors and poor patient outcomes. High workload also has an impact on nurse job dissatisfaction and burnout, and the intention of nurses to leave. High nursing staff turnover resulting in increased costs for using temporary employees or training new nurses (van den Oetelaar et al, 2016).

    A policy might address these competing needs by ensuring an optimal nurse to patient ratio which can improve nurse staffing in organizations and improved care outcomes for patients. The policy can outline a particular nurse to patient ratio depending on the type of unit within a healthcare facility.  For instance, the ratio for a surgical and medical unit can be 5: 1, meaning one nurse will be assigned to five patients at most, while in the intensive unit ratio can be 2:1.  As suggested by Livanos (2015), having a staffing policy in a facility can improve the working conditions for the nursing staff as well as the superiority and safety of care.  In turn, costs of adhering to the ratios can be offset by, less need for training new nurses or temporary nurses and reduced turnover of the nursing staff. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

     

    References

    Livanos, N. (2018). A Broadening Coalition: Patient Safety Enters the Nurse-To-Patient Ration Debate
    . Journal of Nursing Regulation, 9
    (1), 68-70.

    Lopes, M., Almeida, A., & Almada-Lobo, B. (2015). Handling healthcare workforce planning with care: where do we stand?
    Human Resources for Health13
    :38.

    van den Oetelaar, van Stel, H., Van Rhenen W, et al. (2016).  Balancing nurses’ workload in hospital wards: study protocol of developing a method to manage workload.
    BMJ Open, 6
    (11), e012148. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

  • NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    In Module 1, you began building a foundation for your success by considering a network-individuals and teams who can help you to clarify and execute on the vision. A network is most helpful when you are comfortable asking questions. Chances are other members of your network have experienced similar questions and may have helped guide others toward resolutions that can now be helpful.

    In this Discussion, focus on the questions you are ready to ask as your journey begins. Keep in mind that sharing questions is often a great way to help others who have similar questions even if they do not realize it! NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

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    To prepare:

    Reflect on questions or concerns you might have as you begin the MSN program.

    Consider the individuals, teams, and departments you previously considered in Module 1 as well as how they may provide support with addressing these questions and concerns.

    Rubric Grading:

    Excellent Good Fair Poor

    Main Posting

    45 (45%) – 50 (50%)

    Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.

    Supported by at least three current, credible sources.

    Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    40 (40%) – 44 (44%)

    Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

    At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth.

    Supported by at least three credible sources.

    Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

    35 (35%) – 39 (39%)

    Responds to some of the discussion question(s).

    One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed.

    Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

    Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

    Post is cited with two credible sources.

    Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

    Contains some APA formatting errors.

    0 (0%) – 34 (34%)

    Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately.

    Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria.

    Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

    Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

    Contains only one or no credible sources. NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    Not written clearly or concisely.

    Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

    Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.

    Main Post: Timeliness

    10 (10%) – 10 (10%)

    Posts main post by day 3.

    0 (0%) – 0 (0%)

    0 (0%) – 0 (0%)

    0 (0%) – 0 (0%)

    Does not post by day 3.

    First Response

    17 (17%) – 18 (18%)

    Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

    Responds fully to questions posed by faculty.

    Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

    Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.

    Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

    Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

    Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

    15 (15%) – 16 (16%)

    Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

    Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

    Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

    Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

    Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

    13 (13%) – 14 (14%)

    Response is on topic and may have some depth.

    Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication.

    Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

    Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

    0 (0%) – 12 (12%)

    Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

    Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication.

    Responses to faculty questions are missing.

    No credible sources are cited.

    Second Response

    16 (16%) – 17 (17%)

    Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

    Responds fully to questions posed by faculty.

    Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

    Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.

    Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

    Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

    Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

    14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

    Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

    Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

    Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

    Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

    Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

    12 (12%) – 13 (13%)

    Response is on topic and may have some depth.

    Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication.

    Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

    Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

    0 (0%) – 11 (11%)

    Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

    Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication.

    Responses to faculty questions are missing.

    No credible sources are cited.

    Participation

    5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

    Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days.

    0 (0%) – 0 (0%)

    0 (0%) – 0 (0%)

    0 (0%) – 0 (0%)

    Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.

    Total Points: 100

    Name: NURS_6003_Module02_Week02_Discussion_Rubric

     

     

    Professional Networking as an MSN Graduate: Asking Appropriate Questions Aimed at Helping You Achieve Professional Nursing Goals

    Just How Important is Networking for the Graduate MSN Nurse Practitioner?

    Networking professionally for the MSN graduate nurse practitioner may sound threatening, but it is an important component in the arsenal of the graduate MSN nurse practitioner who wishes to excel in their particular specialty. In order to achieve one’s professional nursing objectives as an MSN nurse practitioner, they have to form long-lasting relationships with other professionals in the field. These associations and relationships may be based on face-to-face interactions or through social media and web interactions across the globe. But irrespective of how the relationship is formed and sustained, the most important thing is to first establish interpersonal compatibility and rapport. Good networking for MSN nurses permits them to investigate the field and build up a solid emotionally supportive network inside the clinical network. Sound networking enables MSN nursing graduates to discover new positions, find new specialities, and offer their insight into the progress of the profession (NurseJournal.org., 2020; ANA, 2015). NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    Can Networking Begin in School Before Graduation?

    For the MSN nurse, networking in nursing school or after graduation assists her to establish networks that may greatly help in not only securing a job, but also in becoming a competent, knowledgeable, and sought after nurse practitioner. In a serious professional field such as nursing, having a solid emotionally supportive network has a major effect on professional development (NurseJournal.org., 2020; ANA, 2015).

    Are there Different Shades of Networking that the MSN Nurse Practitioner can Benefit From?

    MSN nurse practitioner graduates can utilize various kinds of networking to develop their expert associations. Professional networking will assist the MSN nurse practitioner to form working relationships that consolidate the professional bond among the players (NurseJournal.org., 2020; Khanum et al., 2016).

    You may battle to separate between these immense individual associations and recognize who assumes a pertinent job. Key systems mean to create explicit associations with individuals who can help further your characterized profession objectives as an MSN graduate. Professional networking moves you to figure out who can decidedly add to your expert goals. MSN graduate practitioners should rehearse these techniques when looking for work, albeit individual and vital systems networking hold the most guarantee for those craving a lifelong move (NurseJournal.org., 2020; Holland, 2018). NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    So, What Exactly is this Networking for MSN Nurse Graduates?

    Professional networking could be defined as the trading of data or exchange of professionally relevant information among people in the same profession, at their gatherings, and other forums. This is because information will always give the networking professionals an upper hand. They need to keep this information, use it, share it and advance it over the association of (nursing) professionals. Data and information should be overseen, utilized, and advanced like a key resource. Gathering patient data and changing it into helpful information requires a lot of cooperation, systems administration and an emphasis and spotlight on the network of professionals. The MSN nurse practitioners must realize that where individuals or gatherings of individuals collaborate, work together and share their encounters and information for a typical reason, success is usually guaranteed. They share data, talk about their encounters and gain from one another (Khanum et al., 2016; Siemasko, 2016). NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

    References

    American Nurses Association [ANA] (2015).
    Professional networking for nurses
    . Retrieved 1 March 2020 from
    https://www.nursingworld.org/resources/individual/networking/

    Holland, G. (2018).
    Why networks are essential for real-time healthcare
    . Retrieved 1 March 2020 from

    Why Networks Are Essential for Real-Time Healthcare

    Khanum, S., de Souza, M., Naz, N., Marcon Dal Sasso, G.T., Brüggemann, O.M. & Heideman, I.T.S.B. (2016). The use of networking in nursing practice – An integrative review.
    Societies, 6
    (22). Doi:10.3390/soc6030022

    NurseJournal.org (2020).
    Professional networking in nursing
    . Retrieved 1 March 2020 from
    https://nursejournal.org/articles/networking/

    Siemasko, E. (2016). How networking can improve your career in healthcare.
    Barton Associates
    . Retrieved 1 March 2020 from
    https://www.bartonassociates.com/blog/how-networking-can-improve-your-career-in-healthcare

    NURS 6003 Discussion: Strategies for Addressing Questions

  • NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

    NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

    How state-specific regulations impact nurse practitioners

    State-specific regulations impact NPS by determining if they can provide patient care with or without the supervision of physicians.   Some states have state scope of practice laws permits NPs to have full practice authority, meaning that NPs have the authority to see patients and prescribe medications independently with no physician supervision.  Other states have scope of practice laws requires collaboration between the NP and a physician which impede NPs to fully utilize their education and training and assist enable more patients to access care in the face of the current physician shortages.  As Cabbabe (2016) indicates, indicate disparities in scope of practice regulations across states have a direct impact on NPs as the level of physician supervision practice opportunities for nurse practitioners as they may locate physicians with whom to collaborate with.

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    Regulatory barriers that still exist for NPs in Arizona and California states

    Restrictive practice laws are that still exist for NPs in California State. Arizona scope of practice laws requires NPs to be supervised by physicians when provided patient care.  Although NPs in California have the necessary training to provide a wide range of services, they are impeded from delivering these services by state scope of practice law. Federal regulations in regard to NPs reimbursement is a barrier that continues to exist for NPs in both Arizona and California.  In Arizona, Medicare reimburses NPs with independent practices 85% of the physician rate for similar services.  NPs in California are also reimbursed at a reduced rate and are billed under the name of the supervising physician (Cabbabe, 2016).

    The progress that has been made and what remains to be done

    A bill has that would offer NPs full practice authority has been introduced in California. The AB 890 bill was in February introduced to the Assembly in February 2019. Under the legislation, NPs will be capable of performing certain functions without the requirement of being supervised by a surgeon or physician. What remains is for the bill to be evaluated in 2020 (Canady, 2019). NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

    The different roles of the advanced practice registered nurse

    The four core roles of the APRN are nurse practitioner (NP) clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified nurse-midwife (CNM) and certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA). A NP is an APRN who offers health care in a community-based or outpatient ambulatory setting. The NP offers comprehensive care to individuals with complex problems, directly manages medical and nursing care for healthy individuals or those with chronic conditions. A CRNA offers surgical anesthesia under the supervision and guidance of a physician who possesses advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia.  A CNM provides independent care for females during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth and also takes care of the newborn.  Other services include gynecological services like family planning, pap smears and treating vaginal infections.  A CNS is an expert clinician in a particular practice area such as geriatric, critical care or a disease specialty (Potter et al, 2016).

    Professional opportunities available to develop interprofessional relationships within advanced practice nursing

    The emergence of interprofessional collaboration along with interprofessional practice as a scheme of providing individualized patient care and decreasing present disintegration of health care services in the 21st century offers an exceptional opportunity for the APRN to take on a major role (Farrell et al, 2015). Interprofessional collaboration involves the collective participation of numerous providers working with caregivers, patients, communities and families to deliver high-quality care. NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay. APRNs should be invested as partners in interprofessional collaboration to create valuable outcomes for the community, families, and patients they serve.

    The ethical issue that may be faced by a nurse practitioner

    The absence of a clinical indication for prescribing drugs is a key ethical issue that may be faced a NP. Often, patients are seen by the APRN and request a certain drug. The APRN must make sure that prescribed medication is medically necessary.  I would address the issue by can explaining to the patient the risks of prescribing the medication inappropriately without performing tests on the patient.   As Demler (2019) indicates, prescriptions must be written following performance and documentation of an examination to prevent harming the patient and avert legal consequences for the APRN.

    The concepts of profession and professionalism as they pertain to the APRN

    Professional means having skills and knowledge in advanced practice nursing and doing what one is obligated to do. Professionalism means offering quality care while being respectful, responsible and advocating for patients.  It also includes the ability of the APRN to have clear communications and self-reflection on actions and behaviors that enable the APRN to s develop both personally and professionally (Ghadirian et al, 2014).  Professionalism for RNs means compliance with, in all practice settings and roles to the practice standards for registered nurses and includes attitudes, values, qualities, and behaviors that demonstrate the RN is ethical, visible, knowledgeable and accountable. Professional for APNs means adherence to advanced practice nursing ethical codes and professional standards. NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

    Historical factors contributing to the development of advanced practice nurse roles

    Increased demand for healthcare services and shortage of physicians, particularly those practicing in remote regions are historical factors contributing to the development of advanced practice nurse roles. According to Woo et al (2017), the acuity and complexity of care have intensified with increased occurrence of chronic conditions as well as multimorbidity among the elderly population. The advanced practice role has its roots from the 1960s when the role was introduced as a solution to the shortage of physicians in underserved and rural populations.  Over the years the APRN role has expanded in response to changes in healthcare needs and advancements in scientific knowledge.  As a result of the expanding APRN role within health care, the requirement for formal training and education became more commonplace. NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

     

    References

    Cabbabe, S.  (2016). Should Nurse Practitioners Be Allowed to Practice Independently?
    Missouri Medicine, 113
    (6), 436-437.

    Canady, V. (2019). California bill would grant full practice authority to nurse practitioners.
    Mental Health Weekly, 29
    (9), 1-3.

    Demler, T.  (2019).
    Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Nurse Practice, Revised Edition.
    Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    Farrell, K., Payne, C., & Heye, M. (2015). Integrating interprofessional skills into the advanced practice registered nurse socialization process.
    Journal of Professional Nursing, 31
    (1), 5-10.

    Ghadirian, F., Salsali, M., & Cheraghi, M. (2014). Nursing professionalism: An evolutionary concept analysis.
    Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 19
    (1), 1-10.

    Potter, P., Perry, A., Stockert, P., & Hall, A. (2016). 
    Fundamentals of Nursing E-Book
    . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Health Sciences.

    Woo B., Lee, J., & Tam, W. (2017). The impact of the advanced practice nursing role on quality of care, clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost in the emergency and critical care settings: a systematic review.
    Human Resources for Health
    , 15, 63. NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

     

    Week 2 Assignment Content

    Prepare a 1,050-word paper using the findings from the Regulated Scope of Practice Learning Team assignment to guide you in addressing the questions below:

    States chosen were:  Arizona (AZ) Full Practice and California (CA) Restricted Practice.

    How do the state-specific regulations impact NPs? (7 pts)

    What regulatory barriers continue to exist for NPs in each state? (7 pts)

    Where has progress been made, if any? (5 pts) NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

    What remains to be done? (5 pts)

    Explain the four different roles of the advance practice registered nurse: nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, clinical nurse specialist, and the certified registered nurse anesthetist. (10 pts)

    What professional opportunities are available to develop interprofessional relationships within advanced practice nursing? (5 pts)

    Describe at least one ethical issue that may be faced by an NP. Explain how you as an NP would address the issue. (5 pts)

    Describe concepts of profession and professionalism as they pertain to the APRN. What is different as an RN for a profession and professionalism as compared to an APN? (10 pts)

    Analyze historical factors contributing to the development of advanced practice nursing roles. What has happened over time that has made APRNs what they are today? (6 pts)

    Cite and reference using APA guidelines. Literature must be within the last 6 years and must be scholarly works (peer-reviewed). (10 pts) NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

    Related Readings and texts:

    Hain, D., & Fleck, L. (2014). Barriers to NP practice that impact healthcare redesign. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 19(2), 23-31.

     

    Hamric, A. B., Hanson, C. M., Tracy, M.F., & O’Grady, E.T (2019). Hamric and Hanson’s advanced practice nursing: an integrative approach (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

    2: Conceptualizations of Advanced Practice Nursing.

    3: A Definition of Advanced Practice Nursing in Hamric and Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing.

    9: Consultation in Hamric and Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing.

    11: Leadership in Hamric and Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing.

    15: The Primary Care Nurse Practitioner in Hamric and Hanson’s Advanced Practice Nursing.

    22: Understanding Regulatory, Legal, and Credentialing Requirements

    NRP/508 Current Issues for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses essay

  • NURS 502 GENERATING EVIDENCE FOR NURSING PRACTICE CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES AND GRADING CRITERIA

    NURS 502 GENERATING EVIDENCE FOR NURSING PRACTICE CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES AND GRADING CRITERIA

    Prepare an APA 7 – 10 page (excluding cover page, reference page, appendix(ices) critical appraisal using the following guidelines and criteria:

    KEY ELEMENTS/HEADINGS

    CONTENT

    POSSIBLE POINTS

    Background

    §  Briefly describe the rationale for selecting the clinical problem and how the problem can be improved through research and/or evidence based findings (10)

    10

    PICOT question

     

    §  Identify the PICOT question – clearly describing the population of interest, intervention, comparison, outcomes and timeframe (5)

    5

    Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Model

    §  Describe a model of EBP that will be used to investigate the PICOT question (5)

    §  Describe how the selected model guided the critical appraisal (5)

    10

    Search Process

    §  Describe the search process used including:

    o   databases and websites searched (2)

    o   all key words used in the search process (2)

    o   total number and types of literature retrieved (2)

    §  Provide rationale for the studies selected for this appraisal (2)

    8

    Critique of Evidence

    (Evaluate the studies you selected then decide which of those to critique based on your PICOT question)

    §  Develop a synthesis/evaluation matrix table that concisely and accurately supports evidence for the PICOT question (See Matrix table example).

    §  Table must contain a
    minimum of three
    articles. Preferable to select primary studies, avoiding systematic reviews (ie. meta-analysis, meta-synthesis) if possible.
    (submit as an Appendix)
    (1)

    §  Include the following columns in the table
    (6 points for each article)
    :

    §  Study Citation and Level of Evidence  (1)

    §  Purpose of the study (1)

    §  Study method (ie. correlational; cross-sectional; quasi-experimental; longitudinal)

    §  Sample (size and general makeup of sample) (1)

    BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    §  Measurement tools/Instruments utilized (ie. Attitudes Toward Substance Abuse questionnaire; body mass index (BMI); post-prandial blood glucose (PPBS); International Prevalence Measurement of Care Problems (IPMCP) questionnaire)   (1)

    §  Statistical analysis methods utilized (ie. ANOVA; paired t-test, Chi-Square) (1)

    §  Key findings (1)

    § 
    For each article listed
    in the table, write two to three paragraphs that includes discussion of
    (6 points for each article):

    §  Primary purpose of study  (1)

    §  Study method (1)

    §  Brief discussion of the sample (1)

    §  Key findings contribution to evidence (1)

    §  Strengths of study (1)

    §  Limitations of study (1)

    37

    Clinical Integration

    §  After evaluating the significance of the evidence, determine/describe if evidence found is applicable to your PICOT question (3)

    §  Identify how the evidence can impact/influence patient care (3)

    §  Determine and discuss whether further research about the topic is warranted or whether an evidence based change in clinical practice is warranted (4)

    10

    Plans for Proposal

    §  Provide an overview of your proposal plan to examine PICOT question (10)

    10

    Style

    (this is not a heading but APA format and writing style must be followed)

    §  Paper uses APA writing style, which includes grammatically correct language and spelling, economy of expression, precision, clarity  (3)

    § 
    Use required headings in the order indicated
    (3)

    §  Cover page (2)

    §  Reference page(s) (2)

    10

     

    TOTAL POINTS

    100

    PLEASE NOTE: This is the designated Turnitin assignment for NURS 502. 

    Comments:

    NURS 502 GENERATING EVIDENCE FOR NURSING PRACTICE CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES AND GRADING CRITERIA

  • Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    Case Study: A Caucasian Man with Hip Pain

    Introduction

    Complex regional pain disorder is a chronic pain condition that mostly affects one limb normally after an injury (Zanotti et al, 2017). Apart from the pain, clients also experience anxiety, depression, sleep difficulties, paresthesias, and general deterioration of physical function.  In this case, the client is a 43-year-old Caucasian man who presented with chief complaint of hip pain. According to the client, the pain started 7 years ago after a fall at work and later on it was discovered that the cartilage surrounding the right hip joint was 75% torn. For mental status, the client reports euthymic mood Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study. The diagnosis is Complex regional pain disorder (reflex sympathetic dystrophy). The purpose of this essay is to make three decisions regarding the medications to be prescribed to the client. Factors that might affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes will be taken into consideration.

    BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    The selected first decision is to prescribe the client Savella 12.5 mg orally once daily on day 1; followed by…

     

    Complex Regional Pain Disorder

    White Male With Hip Pain

    BACKGROUND

    This week, a 43-year-old white male presents at the office with a chief complaint of pain. He is assisted in his ambulation with a set of crutches. At the beginning of the clinical interview, the client reports that his family doctor sent him for psychiatric assessment because the doctor felt that the pain was “all in his head.” He further reports that his physician believes he is just making stuff up to get “narcotics to get high.” Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    SUBJECTIVE

    The client reports that his pain began about 7 years ago when he sustained a fall at work. He states that he landed on his right hip. Over the years, he has had numerous diagnostic tests done (x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs). He reports that about 4 years ago, it was discovered that the cartilage surrounding his right hip joint was 75% torn (from the 3 o’clock to 12 o’clock position). He reports that none of the surgeons he saw would operate because they felt him too young for a total hip replacement and believed that the tissue would repair with the passage of time. Since then, he reported development of a strange constellation of symptoms including cooling of the extremity (measured by electromyogram). He also reports that he experiences severe cramping of the extremity. He reports that one of the neurologists diagnosed him with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). However, the neurologist referred him back to his family doctor for treatment of this condition. He reports that his family doctor said “there is no such thing as RSD, it comes from depression” and this was what prompted the referral to psychiatry. He reports that one specialist he saw a few years ago suggested that he use a wheelchair, to which the client states “I said ‘no,’ there is no need for a wheelchair, I can beat this!” Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study.

    The client reports that he used to be a machinist where he made “pretty good money.” He was engaged to be married, but his fiancé got “sick and tired of putting up with me and my pain, she thought I was just turning into a junkie.”

    He reports that he does get “down in the dumps” from time to time when he sees how his life has turned out, but emphatically denies depression. He states “you can’t let yourself get depressed… you can drive yourself crazy if you do. I’m not really sure what’s wrong with me, but I know I can beat it.” Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study.

    During the client interview, the client states “oh! It’s happening, let me show you!” this prompts him to stand with the assistance of the corner of your desk, he pulls off his shoe and shows you his right leg. His leg is turning purple from the knee down, and his foot is clearly in a visible cramp as the toes are curled inward and his foot looks like it is folding in on itself. “It will last about a minute or two, then it will let up” he reports. Sure enough, after about two minutes, the color begins to return and the cramping in the foot/toes appears to be releasing. The client states “if there is anything you can do to help me with this pain, I would really appreciate it.” He does report that his family doctor has been giving him hydrocodone, but he states that he uses is “sparingly” because he does not like the side effects of feeling “sleepy” and constipation Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study. He also reports that the medication makes him “loopy” and doesn’t really do anything for the pain.

    MENTAL STATUS EXAM

    The client is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. He is dressed appropriately for the weather and time of year. He makes good eye contact. Speech is clear, coherent, goal directed, and spontaneous. His self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect consistent to self-reported mood and content of conversation. He denies visual/auditory hallucinations. No overt delusional or paranoid thought processes appreciated. Judgment, insight, and reality contact are all intact. He denies suicidal/homicidal ideation, and is future oriented.

    Diagnosis: Complex regional pain disorder (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

    Decision Point One

    Select what the PMHNP should do:

    Savella 12.5 mg orally once daily on day 1; followed by 12.5 mg BID on day 2 and 3; followed by 25 mg BID on days 4-7; followed by 50 mg BID thereafter

    Amitriptyline 25 mg po QHS and titrate upward weekly by 25 mg to a max dose of 200 mg per day

    Neurontin 300 mg po BEDTIME with weekly increases of 300 mg per day to a max of 2400 mg if needed

    Decision Point One

    Savella 12.5 mg once daily on day 1; followed by 12.5 mg BID on day 2 and 3; followed by 25 mg BID on days 4-7; followed by 50 mg BID thereafter

    RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

     Client returns to clinic in four weeks

     Client comes into the office to without crutches but is limping a bit. The client states that the pain is “more manageable since I started taking that drug. I have been able to get around more on my own. The pain is bad in the morning though and gets better throughout the day”. On a pain scale of 1-10; the client states that his pain is currently a 4. When asked what pain level would be tolerable on a daily basis, the client states, “I would rather have no pain but don’t think that is possible. I could live with a pain level of 3.”. When questioned further, the PMHNP asks what makes the pain on a scale of 1-10 different when comparing a level of 9 to his current level of 4?”. The client states that since using this drug, I can get to a point on most days where I do not need the crutches. ” The client is also asked what would need to happen to get his pain from a current level of 4 to an acceptable level of 3. He states, “If I could get to the point everyday where I do not need the crutches for most of my day, I would be happy.”

     Client states that he has noticed that he frequently (over the past 2 weeks) gets bouts of sweating for no apparent reason. He also states that his sleep has “not been so good as of lately.” He does complain of nausea today

     Client’s blood pressure and pulse are recorded as 147/92 and 110 respectively. He also admits to experiencing butterflies in his chest. The client denies suicidal/homicidal ideation and is still future oriented

    Decision Point Two

    Select what the PMHNP should do next:

    Continue with current medication but lower dose to 25 mg twice a day

    Discontinue Savella and start Lyrica (pregabalin) 50 mg orally BID

    Discontinue Savella and start Zoloft (sertraline) 50 mg daily

    Decision Point One

    Amitriptyline 25 mg po QHS and titrate upward weekly by 25 mg to a max dose of 200 mg per day

    RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

     Client returns to clinic in four weeks

     Client comes to the office still using crutches. He states that the pain has improved but he is a bit groggy in the morning

     Client’s pain level is currently a 6 out of 10. The PMHNP questions the client on what would be an acceptable pain level. He states, “I would rather have no pain but don’t think that is possible. I could live with a pain level of 3.” He states that his pain level normally hovers around a 9 out of 10 on most days of the week before the amitriptyline was started. The PMHNP asks what makes the pain on a scale of 1-10 different when comparing a level of 9 to his current level of 6?” The client states, “I’m able to go to the bathroom or to the kitchen without using my crutches all the time. The achiness is less and my toes do not curl as often as they did before.” The client is also asked what would need to happen to get his pain from a current level of 6 to an acceptable level of 3. He states, “Well, that is kind of hard to answer. I guess I would like the achiness and throbbing in my right leg to not happen every day or at least not several times a day. I also could do without my toes curling in like they do. That really hurts.”

     Client denies suicidal/homicidal ideation and is still future oriented

    Decision Point Two

    Select what the PMHNP should do next:

    Continue current medication and increase dose to 125 mg at BEDTIME this week continuing towards the goal dose of 200 mg daily. Instruct the client to take the medication an hour earlier than normal starting tonight and call the office in 3 days to report how his function is in the morning

    Reduce the dose of Elavil to 75 mg at BEDTIME (dose has been titrated at weekly intervals by 25mg per week). Add on Biofreeze roll-on therapy to his right leg below the knee and into the foot and toes to be used as needed daily for muscle cramping

    : Reduce dose of amitriptyline Elavil to 75 mg po orally at BEDTIME and add- on Neurontin (gabapentin) 300 mg po orally at BEDTIME. Schedule a Ffollow-up phone call in 1 week to assess pain control

    Decision Point Two

    Continue current medication and increase dose to 125 mg at BEDTIME this week continuing towards the goal dose of 200 mg daily. Instruct the client to take the medication an hour earlier than normal starting tonight and call the office in 3 days to report how his function is in the morning

    RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO

     Client returns to clinic in four weeks

     The change in administration time seemed to help. The client states he is not as groggy in the morning and is able to start his day sooner than before

     Client’s current pain level is a 4 out of 10. He states that he is now taking 125 mg of amitriptyline at bedtime.

     Client’s has noticed that he is putting on a little weight. When asked, the client states that he has gained 5 pounds since he started taking this medication. He currently weighs in at 162 pounds. He is 5’ 7”. He states that his right leg doesn’t bother him nearly as much as it used to and his toes have only “cramped up” twice in the past month. He states that he is able to get around his apartment without his crutches and that he has even started seeing someone he met at the grocery store. The weight gain seems to bother him a lot and he is asking if there is a way to avoid it

    Decision Point Three

    Select what the PMHNP should do next:

    Continue with the Elavil at his current 125 mg a day dose and start Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate) 3.75 mg/23 mg tablet once daily and titrate as required by package insert

    Reduce the dose of Elavil to 100 mg a day and follow up in a month

    Continue the current dose of Elavil of 125 mg per day, refer the client to a life coach who can counsel him on good dietary habits and exercise

    Decision Point One

    Neurontin (gabapentin) 300 mg orally at BEDTIME with weekly increases of 300 mg per day to a max of 2,400 mg if needed

    RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

     Client returns to clinic in four weeks

     Client returns to the office today and seems to be in agony. He states that the Neurontin did not help him at all. He also states that he is foggy in the morning. His current pain level is a 9 out of 10. The PMHNP questions the client on what would be an acceptable pain level. He states, “I would rather have no pain but don’t think that is possible. I could live with a pain level of 3.” The client is also asked what would need to happen to get his pain from a current level of 9 to an acceptable level of 3. He states, “I guess I would like this achiness and throbbing in my right leg to not happen every day or at least not several times a day. I also could do without my toes curling in like they do. That really hurts.” Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

     Clientis denies suicidal/homicidal ideation and is still future oriented. He does seem to be discouraged throughout the interview about his current pain

    Decision Point Two

    Select what the PMHNP should do next:

    Discontinue Neurontin. Start Zoloft (sertraline) 50 mg orally daily and titrate at weekly intervals to a dose of 200 mg

    Continue with Neurontin but double the current dose (600 mg PO orally 4 times a day)

    Increase the Neurontin dose to 900 mg orally TID and add on Celexa 20 mg orally daily. Increase dose to a max of 40 mg daily

    Decision Point Two

    Discontinue Neurontin. Start Zoloft (sertraline) 50 mg orally daily and titrate at weekly intervals to a dose of 200 mg

    RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO

     Client returns to clinic in four weeks

     Client returns today with a current pain level of 5 out of 10. He appears anxious, which is a new presentation. He states that he feels “amped up” and he cannot seem to control it

     Client also states that he hasn’t been able to get an erection in over a week and thinks his pain may be causing erectile dysfunction Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study.

     Although client’s pain is “more manageable than it has been before”, he thinks it may have gotten the best of him. His new problems really have him discouraged

    Decision Point Three

    Add on Wellbutrin (bupropion) XL 150 mg orally in the MORNING. Give the client a short course (2 weeks) of Ativan to help with his anxiety

    Guidance to Student

    Anxiety is a transient effect of SSRI and SNRI therapy and should be anticipated. Counseling the client is key in continuing the therapeutic alliance you have with the client. Short course benzodiazepines will usually be sufficient to bridge this time period. Erectile dysfunction is a side effect of all SSRI’s and should be a counseling point for men. It happens in roughly 10% of men using SSRI’s. A dose reduction in Zoloft will certainly help with the side effects but will most likely result in increased pain. A change in therapy is always an option at this point but will normally not reduce the anxiety or erectile dysfunction experienced and will still require short course benzodiazepine therapy and appropriate counseling. It would be most prudent, in this case, to add-on Wellbutrin XL 150 mg po QAM to help with the side effect of erectile dysfunction. Although we have told you throughout this course that the addition of a medication to treat a side effect is not good therapy, this is one of those cases where it is recommended, especially when the client is experiencing relief from a regimen that took time to achieve. Wellbutrin is a DNRI and does not overlap in SSRI therapy (maybe a little in the DRI of Zoloft) Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study.

    Decision Point One

    Amitriptyline 25 mg po QHS and titrate upward weekly by 25 mg to a max dose of 200 mg per day

    RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

     Client returns to clinic in four weeks

     Client comes to the office still using crutches. He states that the pain has improved but he is a bit groggy in the morning

     Client’s pain level is currently a 6 out of 10. The PMHNP questions the client on what would be an acceptable pain level. He states, “I would rather have no pain but don’t think that is possible. I could live with a pain level of 3.” He states that his pain level normally hovers around a 9 out of 10 on most days of the week before the amitriptyline was started. The PMHNP asks what makes the pain on a scale of 1-10 different when comparing a level of 9 to his current level of 6?” The client states, “I’m able to go to the bathroom or to the kitchen without using my crutches all the time. The achiness is less and my toes do not curl as often as they did before.” The client is also asked what would need to happen to get his pain from a current level of 6 to an acceptable level of 3. He states, “Well, that is kind of hard to answer. I guess I would like the achiness and throbbing in my right leg to not happen every day or at least not several times a day. I also could do without my toes curling in like they do. That really hurts.” Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

     Client denies suicidal/homicidal ideation and is still future oriented

    Decision Point Two

    Select what the PMHNP should do next:

    Continue current medication and increase dose to 125 mg at BEDTIME this week continuing towards the goal dose of 200 mg daily. Instruct the client to take the medication an hour earlier than normal starting tonight and call the office in 3 days to report how his function is in the morning

    Reduce the dose of Elavil to 75 mg at BEDTIME (dose has been titrated at weekly intervals by 25mg per week). Add on Biofreeze roll-on therapy to his right leg below the knee and into the foot and toes to be used as needed daily for muscle cramping

    : Reduce dose of amitriptyline Elavil to 75 mg po orally at BEDTIME and add- on Neurontin (gabapentin) 300 mg po orally at BEDTIME. Schedule a Ffollow-up phone call in 1 week to assess pain control

    Decision Point Two

    Continue current medication and increase dose to 125 mg at BEDTIME this week continuing towards the goal dose of 200 mg daily. Instruct the client to take the medication an hour earlier than normal starting tonight and call the office in 3 days to report how his function is in the morning Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO

     Client returns to clinic in four weeks

     The change in administration time seemed to help. The client states he is not as groggy in the morning and is able to start his day sooner than before

     Client’s current pain level is a 4 out of 10. He states that he is now taking 125 mg of amitriptyline at bedtime.

     Client’s has noticed that he is putting on a little weight. When asked, the client states that he has gained 5 pounds since he started taking this medication. He currently weighs in at 162 pounds. He is 5’ 7”. He states that his right leg doesn’t bother him nearly as much as it used to and his toes have only “cramped up” twice in the past month. He states that he is able to get around his apartment without his crutches and that he has even started seeing someone he met at the grocery store. The weight gain seems to bother him a lot and he is asking if there is a way to avoid it

    Decision Point Three

    Select what the PMHNP should do next:

    Continue with the Elavil at his current 125 mg a day dose and start Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate) 3.75 mg/23 mg tablet once daily and titrate as required by package insert

    Reduce the dose of Elavil to 100 mg a day and follow up in a month

    Continue the current dose of Elavil of 125 mg per day, refer the client to a life coach who can counsel him on good dietary habits and exercise Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    Guidance to Student

    At this point, the client is almost at his goal pain control and increased functionality. Weight gain is a common side effect with amitriptyline and should be a counseling point at the initiation of therapy. He has a small weight gain of 5 pounds in 8 weeks. A reduction in dose may have an effect on the weight gain but at a considerable cost of pain to the client. This would not be in the best interest of the client at this point. Amitriptyline has a side effect of cardiac arrhythmias. He is not experiencing this at this point. The drug, qsymia contains a product called phentermine which has a history of causing cardiac arrhythmias at higher doses. This product is also only approved for a client with obesity defined as a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2. Your client’s BMI is currently 25.5 kg/m2. He does not meet the definition of obesity but is considered overweight. His best course of action would be to continue the same dose of Elavil, counsel him on good dietary and exercise habits and connect him with a life coach who will help him with this problem in a more meaningful way than a 10 minute counseling session will be able to accomplish. Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    Case Study: A Caucasian Man with Hip Pain

    Introduction

    Complex regional pain disorder is a chronic pain condition that mostly affects one limb normally after an injury (Zanotti et al, 2017). Apart from the pain, clients also experience anxiety, depression, sleep difficulties, paresthesias, and general deterioration of physical function.  In this case, the client is a 43-year-old Caucasian man who presented with chief complaint of hip pain. According to the client, the pain started 7 years ago after a fall at work and later on it was discovered that the cartilage surrounding the right hip joint was 75% torn. For mental status, the client reports euthymic mood. The diagnosis is Complex regional pain disorder (reflex sympathetic dystrophy). The purpose of this essay is to make three decisions regarding the medications to be prescribed to the
    client
    . Factors that might affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes will be taken into consideration. Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study.

    The selected first decision is to prescribe the client Savella 12.5 mg orally once daily on day 1; followed by 12.5 mg BID on day 2 and 3; followed by 25 mg BID on days 4-7; followed by 50 mg BID thereafter. I chose Savella because Savella has been shown to be effective in treating fibromyalgia a condition that affects muscles, cartilages and other supporting tissues. Savella is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI and has NMDA antagonist activity and thus balances neurotransmitters in the brain and produces analgesia effect at the site of nerve endings (Abida et al, 2016).

    Savella was selected over other options because Savella (milnacipran) does not have affinity for adrenergic, cholinergic and histaminergic receptors, and hence does not have some of the adverse and side effects evident in other medications (English et al, 2010).

    The expected results are that the pain will decline and the client will stop using crutches. It is also expected that the client will have minimal side effects and that his mood will stabilize. The outcome of this decision was that the pain had reduced. However, the client reports sweating bouts, nausea, elevated blood pressure and heart rate, and experiencing butterflies in his chest.  These are some of the side effects of milnacipran (Abida et al, 2016).

    The selected decision is for the client to continue with the current prescribed medication (Savella) but lower the dose to 25 mg twice daily. The rationale for choosing this decision is that this medication is proofing to be effective in reducing the pain for the patient and the client does not report any mood problems. However, since the client reported some side effects, it is appropriate to lower the dosage in order to minimize the side effects. The rationale for not selecting Lyrica is that this medication has more side effects than Savella and evidence indicate that Lyrica causes mood problems and suicidal thoughts (Goodman & Brett, 2017). Similarly, Sertraline has worse side effects and is not indicated for fibromyalgia (Zhu et al, 2013). In addition, sudden stop of milnacipran therapy is not recommended because the client may develop withdrawal symptoms (Mease et al, 2014). Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    The expected result for choosing this decision was that the pain score would reduce to acceptable level of 3 and that there will be minimal side effects. The outcome of the selected decision was that the pain score has increased compared to previous prescription and this is really affecting his mood. However, the side effects have reduced. The increased pain score can be attributed to the reduced dosage that is not being effective in reducing the pain.  The recommended dosage for Milnacipran is 2.5 mg/day for the first day, 25 mg/day on the 2
    nd
    and 3
    rd
    day, 50 mg/day on 4
    th
    -7
    th
    day and after 7
    th
    day 100 mg/day. The dose can also be increased to 200 mg/day (Mease et al, 2014).  This therefore might explain the reduced efficacy of the prescribed dosage for the client in regard to pain reduction.

    The selected third decision is to change Savella to 25 mg orally in the MORNING and 50 mg orally at BEDTIME. This decision was selected because increased dosage of Milnacipran has been shown to be more effective. Evidence shows that if the response the standard-dose milnacipran therapy is poor, the dose can be increased but keep on assessing patient responses (Hayashi et al, 2017).  In addition, the dose was increased during bedtime in order to reduce side effects when the patient is awake. The second option was not selected because if the client abruptly stops taking milnacipran he may have withdrawal symptoms. The third option was not selected because combination of Savella and Celexa (citalopram) both drugs inhibit serotonin reuptake and hence can cause serotonin toxicity or serotonin syndrome. In addition, using both medications can increase side effects for the client (Masuda et al, 2014). Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    Conclusion

    The first selected decision was to prescribe Savela for the client and keep on increasing the dosage as recommended. The rationale for selecting this decision is that Savella has been shown to be effective in treatment of fibromyalgia. Savella balances neurotransmitters in the brain and produces analgesia effect at the site of nerve endings. With this decision, the pain score reduced though the client experienced side effects from the medication. Therefore, the second decision was to continue Savella but lower the dose to 25 mg twice daily. This decision eradicated the side effect but the pain score increased compared to the previous higher dose. As a result, the third decision was to change Savella to 25 mg orally in the MORNING and 50 mg orally at BEDTIME. This decision was selected because increased dosage would increase drug efficacy and hence reduce pain score and during bedtime the client would be able to tolerate side effects better during sleep. Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

    References

    Abida M, Alam T, Said I, Feky E & Hagg M. (2016). Recent Drugs For The Management  And   Treatment Of Fibromyalgia.
    IAJPS
    . 3 (11), pp: 1361-1365

    English C, Rey J & Rufin C. (2010). Milnacipran (Savella), a Treatment Option for            Fibromyalgia.
    PMCID
    . 35(5), pp: 261–266.

    Goodman C & Brett A. (2017). Gabapentin and Pregabalin for Pain — Is Increased Prescribing a             Cause for Concern?
    N Engl J Med
    . 1(377), pp: 411-414.

    Hayashi M, Mimura M, Otsubo T & Kamijima K. (2017). Effect of high-dose milnacipran in         patients with depression.
    Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat.
    3(5), pp: 699–702.

    Masuda T, Inoue T, Naoki T, Shin N, Yuji K, Koyama T & Kusumi I. (2014). Effect of the          coadministration of citalopram with mirtazapine or atipamezole on rat contextual       conditioned fear.
    Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
    . 1(10), pp: 289–295.

    Mease P, Clauw D, Trugman J, Plamer R & wang Y. (2014). Efficacy of long-term milnacipran    treatment in patients meeting different thresholds of clinically relevant pain relief:          subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study.
    Journal of Pain Research
    . 1(7), pp: 679—687.

    Zanotti G, Ariel P, Comba F, Buttaro M & Piccaluga F. (2017). Three cases of type-1 complex     regional pain syndrome after elective total hip replacement.
    SICOT J
    . 3(52).

    Zhu H, Bogdanov MB, Boyle SH, Matson W, Sharma S, Matson S, et al. (2013). Pharmacometabolomics of Response to Sertraline and to Placebo in Major Depressive   Disorder – Possible Role for Methoxyindole Pathway.
    PLoS ONE
    . 8(7) Caucasian Man With Hip Pain Case study

  • Concept Analysis Template – Teamwork and Collaboration

    Concept Analysis Template – Teamwork and Collaboration

    Concept Analysis Template

    TEAMWORK & COLLABORATION

    Definition:

    The development of partnerships to achieve best possible outcomes using shared accountability, problem-solving and decision making Concept Analysis Template – Teamwork and Collaboration

     

    Antecedents:

    More than one person working together

    Goal/outcome to achieve

    Team dynamics

     

    Defining Characteristics/Theoretical Links:

    Values/ethics (trust, respect)

    Roles/responsibilities (understanding your own role)

    Adaptability

    Communication

    Teams/teamwork

    BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    Consequences (Positive/Desired):
    < Events or outcomes that occur with normal/proper functioning of the concept or its characteristics>

    Collaborate regarding healthcare decision

    Effective mentoring

    Networking

    Interprofessional (nurse to nurse)

    Promotion of health

    Shared governance

    Risk Factors/Barriers (if present): < List the factors (physiologic; psychologic; physical) that may influence the normal functioning of the concept or its characteristics> Concept Analysis Template – Teamwork and Collaboration

    Amount of education and/or experience regarding collaboration/teamwork

    Amount of engagement by members

    Communication techniques and skills

    Culture

    Consequences (Negative/Undesired):

    Negative impact on patient quality and safety

    Inability to meet client/patient needs

    Lack of mutual respect, trust

    dissatisfaction with job

    Professional identity

    Interrelated concepts:

    Professional identity

    Ethics

    Communication

    Safety

    Healthcare quality

    Care coordination

    Exemplars

    in Curriculum: < List the exemplars taught within the curriculum – complete with faculty assistance> Concept Analysis Template – Teamwork and Collaboration

     

    Interprofessional practice/Healthcare Teams

    IPEC Competencies (IPE 400)

    Mutual goal setting

    Work Group Process (working groups)

    Community partnerships

    Skill: Demonstration of teamwork

    Concept Analysis Template – Teamwork and Collaboration

  • Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    Education & Empathy 
    : 5 of 6 (83.3%)

    During the patient interview, there are a number of opportunities to provide patient education and empathy. The opportunities listed below are those identified by nursing experts to be of particular importance to this patient. A 
    Model Statement
     is provided as an example of an appropriate response to each opportunity.

    Opportunities marked as 
    Not Encountered
     are opportunities that were not elicited in the interview

    Opportunities marked as 
    Not Followed Up
     are missed opportunities that were present in the interview, but where no statements were made

    Opportunities marked as 
    Followed Up
    were followed up by students, and include the dialogue between student and patient Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

     1 Symptoms

    Followed Up

    WE ARE THE SHADOW HEALTH EXPERTS,

    CHAT US TO PLACE OUR ORDER AND SCORE 100%

     Description: 
    Mr. Foster describes the symptoms that have been bothering him.

    Welcome Mr Foster. What brings you to the clinic today?

    Question

    10:29 AM PDT

    I have been having some troubling chest pain in my chest now and then for the past month. Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    I am sorry that you have been having the chest pain.

    Empathize

    10:30 AM PDT

    Thanks. I appreciate that.

    how long does the chest pain last ?

    Question

    10:37 AM PDT

    When I feel it, it seems to get better over the course of a couple of minutes or so.

    what is the frequency of the chest pain?

    Question

    10:37 AM PDT

    Well, it has happened three times the past month. It usually goes away after about a couple of minutes.

    Were episodes of your chest pains related? (Clarified to: What were you doing the last time you had chest pain?) Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    Question

    10:39 AM PDT

    Well, the pain seems to start when I’m doing something physical . . . the first time it happened while I was doing yard work, and the second time . . . I had to take the stairs at work because the elevator broke. Both times it got better if I took a break or sat down to rest. (Clarified to: what I was doing when I had chest pain last)

    how do you feel when in pain?

    Question

    10:41 AM PDT

    How would you rate the chest pain?

    Question

    10:43 AM PDT

    When I’m having it, it’s really tight and uncomfortable. Maybe like a 5 out of 10. Right now it’s like a zero.

    is the pain crushing ? Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    Question

    10:43 AM PDT

    No, it’s more tight and uncomfortable.

    Am sorry about that.

    Empathize

    10:44 AM PDT

    Thanks. I appreciate that.

    is the pain gnawing?

    Question

    10:44 AM PDT

    No, it’s not like that. [AUDIO COMING SOON]

    is the pain burning ?

    Question

    10:45 AM PDT

    Not really.

    is the pain aggravated by activity?

    Question

    10:45 AM PDT

    Well, I think it’s when I’m doing something physical most of the time. The first time it happened, my chest started hurting after I was doing some yard work. The second time happened when the elevator broke at work so I had to take the stairs. My office is on the 5th floor. Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    Thats understandable

    Empathize

    10:46 AM PDT

    Thanks. I appreciate that.

    Do you have stress?

    Question

    11:11 AM PDT

    Not usually, but I’m feeling pretty anxious not knowing what’s going on with my chest.

    Am sorry about this.

    Empathize

    11:11 AM PDT

    Thanks. I appreciate that.

     Model Statement: 
    “I’m sorry you’re having these symptoms; chest pain can be uncomfortable and stressful. It’s good that you came in today so we can see what is causing your discomfort.” Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

     2 Hypertension and High Cholesterol

    Followed Up

     Description: 
    Mr. Foster describes his past medical history of hypertension and high cholesterol.

    Have you been diagnosed with hypertension?

    Question

    11:02 AM PDT

    Yes, I supposedly have moderately high blood pressure.

    Am sorry to hear this?

    Empathize

    11:02 AM PDT

    Thanks. I appreciate that.

    Have you been monitoring your blood pressure?

    Question

    11:07 AM PDT

    Not usually. They check it when I get checkups. My doctor has never seemed overly concerned about it.

    do you remember your last blood pressure readings?

    Question

    11:08 AM PDT

    I don’t remember. I don’t think it was too bad, though.

    have you done an EKG test recently?

    Question

    11:08 AM PDT

    I had one about three months ago. They usually put one on me at my annual physical.

    well, an EKG test is all about blood pressure monitoring.

    Educate

    11:09 AM PDT

    Good to know. Thank you.

     Model Statement: 
    “It’s good that I know you have been diagnosed with hypertension and high cholesterol, because those conditions can cause additional heart problems. I would like to find out more about your diagnosis and treatment of those conditions.” Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

     3 Exercise

    Followed Up

     Description: 
    Mr. Foster reports that he does not exercise regularly.

    Do you exercise?

    Question

    11:12 AM PDT

    Well I used to ride my bike a lot but it got stolen a couple years ago. I guess I haven’t had much regular exercise since then. I want to get a new bike if the doctor says it is OK to exercise with this chest pain I’ve been having.

    Am sorry that the chest pain makes you not exercise.

    Empathize

    11:13 AM PDT

    Thanks. I appreciate that.

     Model Statement: 
    “Exercise is important for everyone, and particularly for people with high blood pressure and cholesterol. Let’s talk about some healthy forms of exercise that you would be interested in trying.” Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

     4 Diet

    Followed Up

     Description: 
    Mr. Foster describes his dietary habits.

    what is your typical breakfast?

    Question

    11:13 AM PDT

    I usually have something. Most days I drink an instant breakfast, or I’ll have a granola bar. Sometimes Maria will make a big breakfast on weekends with eggs, pancakes, bacon, hash browns, that kind of stuff. Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    what is your typical lunch?

    Question

    11:14 AM PDT

    There’s a sub shop near the office, so I usually get a turkey or Italian sub from there. Sometimes a salad if I’m feeling healthy . . . or guilty.

    what is your typical dinner?

    Question

    11:14 AM PDT

    My wife and I like to grill. We usually have some grilled meats and veggies for dinner.

    do you take salt?

    Question

    11:15 AM PDT

    Do you drink water regularly?

    Question

    11:15 AM PDT

    I usually drink water all day at work. At least four glasses, probably more. [AUDIO COMING SOON]

    Its good to take water, continue.

    Educate

    11:16 AM PDT

    Good to know. Thank you.

     Model Statement: 
    “Paying attention to your diet is a great start. It’s best to make sure you’re eating veggies, fruits, and whole grains, and lean proteins like fish or chicken.” Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

     5 Weight Gain

    Not Encountered

     Description: 
    Mr. Foster reports weight gain of 15 to 20 pounds in the last few years.

     Model Statement: 
    “Gaining some weight over the years is very common. It’s a good idea to try to keep your weight in a healthy range. Things like moderate exercise and watching caloric intake can help keep you at a healthy weight.”

     6 Family History

    Followed Up

     Description: 
    Mr. Foster has a family history of heart disease.

    Do you have a family history of heart attack?

    Question

    11:30 AM PDT

    Well, my mom’s dad died of a heart attack. He was pretty young too. Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

    Do you have a family history of stroke?

    Question

    11:30 AM PDT

    No, none that I know of.

    Do you have a family history of pulmonary embolism?

    Question

    11:32 AM PDT

    No, nobody had that.

    Thank you Mr Foster for answering for answering my questions, I will now do the Physical examination.

    Educate

    11:34 AM PDT

    Good to know. Thank you.

     Model Statement: 
    “Thank you for sharing your family health information. It’s important that we know about any risk factors, so that you can make healthy choices to keep those risks low.” Chest pain shadow health assessment Education & Empathy

  • Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

    Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

    Objective Data Collection: 30 of 33 (90.91%)

     Correct

     Partially correct

     Incorrect

     Missed

     Inspected face

    1 of 1 point

    Appearance 
    (1/1 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Rash or lesion

     Cyanosis

     Pallor

     Redness or flushing

     Evidence of trauma (scar, laceration, or bruising)

    Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

     Inspected for jugular venous distension

    1 of 1 point

    Height Of Venous Pressure 
    (1/1 point)

     4 cm or less above the sternal angle

     More than 4 cm above the sternal angle

    WE ARE THE SHADOW HEALTH EXPERTS,

    CHAT US TO PLACE OUR ORDER AND SCORE 100%

    Inspected chest

    1 of 1 point

    Symmetry 
    (1/2 point)

     Symmetric

     Asymmetric

    Appearance 
    (1/2 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Rash or lesion

     AP diameter abnormal

     Intercostal retraction while breathing

     Excessive use of accessory muscles while breathing

     Pectus excavatum

     Skin growths (freckles or moles)

     Evidence of skin trauma (scar, laceration, or bruising)

    Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

     Inspected abdomen

    0.67 of 1 point

    Symmetry 
    (1/3 point)

     Symmetric

     Asymmetric

    Contour 
    (No point)

     Flat

     Rounded

     Protuberant

     Hollowed

    Appearance 
    (1/3 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Rash

     Striae

     Bulging around umbilicus

     Distension

     Visible masses (warts, cysts, or tumors)

     Freckles, birthmark, or discoloration

     Excessive hair growth

     Visible scars

     Laceration, lesion or wound

     Bruising

     Inspected hands and fingernails

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Appearance 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Redness

     Moles or skin tags

     Masses (warts, cysts, or tumors)

     Freckles, birthmark, or other discoloration

     Excessive dry or flaking skin

     Purpura

     Scarring

     Laceration, lesion, or wound

     Bruising

     Rash

    Right: Nail Changes 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Pallor

     Cyanosis

     Splinter hemorrhages

     Clubbing

    Left: Appearance 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Redness

     Moles or skin tags

     Masses (warts, cysts, or tumors)

     Freckles, birthmark, or other discoloration

     Excessive dry or flaking skin

     Purpura

     Scarring

     Laceration, lesion, or wound

     Bruising

     Rash

    Left: Nail Changes 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Pallor

     Cyanosis

     Splinter hemorrhages

     Clubbing

     Inspected lower extremities and toenails

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Appearance 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Visible distortion or swelling

     Brownish pigmentation

     Skin thickening

     Ulceration

     Varicose veins

    Right: Nail Changes 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Pallor

     Cyanosis

     Splinter hemorrhages

     Clubbing

    Left: Appearance 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Visible distortion or swelling

     Brownish pigmentation

     Skin thickening

     Ulceration

     Varicose veins

    Left: Nail Changes 
    (1/4 point)

     No visible abnormal findings

     Pallor

     Cyanosis

     Splinter hemorrhages

     Clubbing

     Inspect lower extremities for edema

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Edema 
    (1/4 point)

     No edema

     Pitting

     Non-pitting

    Right: Severity Of Edema 
    (1/4 point)

     No edema

     1+ Slight pitting

     2+ Deeper pit, disappears in 10 to 15 seconds

     3+ Noticeably deep pit that lasts more than a minute

     4+ Very deep pit that lasts 2 to 5 minutes

    Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

    Left: Edema 
    (1/4 point)

     No edema

     Pitting

     Non-pitting

    Left: Severity Of Edema 
    (1/4 point)

     No edema

     1+ Slight pitting

     2+ Deeper pit, disappears in 10 to 15 seconds

     3+ Noticeably deep pit that lasts more than a minute

     4+ Very deep pit that lasts 2 to 5 minutes

     Tested capillary refill time

    1 of 1 point

    Fingers 
    (1/2 point)

     Less than 3 seconds

     Greater than 3 seconds

    Toes 
    (1/2 point)

     Less than 3 seconds

     Greater than 3 seconds

     Auscultated carotid arteries

    0.5 of 1 point

    Right 
    (No point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

    Left 
    (1/2 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

     Auscultated heart sounds

    0.5 of 1 point

    Heart Sounds 
    (No point)

     S1 and S2 audible

     S1, S2, and S3 audible

     S1, S2, and S4 audible

     S1, S2, S3, and S4 audible

    Extra Heart Sounds 
    (1/2 point)

     No extra sounds

     Gallops

     Murmur

     Friction rub

     Valve clicks

     Auscultated breath sounds

    0.33 of 1 point

    Breath Sounds 
    (1/3 point)

     Present in all areas

     Diminished in some areas

     Absent in some areas

    Adventitious Sounds 
    (No point)

     No adventitious sounds

     Wheezing

     Fine crackles

     Stridor

     Rhonchi

     Course crackles

    Location 
    (No point)

     All areas clear

     Adventitious sounds in anterior right upper lobe

     Adventitious sounds in anterior right middle lobe

     Adventitious sounds in anterior right lower lobe

     Adventitious sounds in anterior left upper lobe

     Adventitious sounds in anterior left lower lobe

     Adventitious sounds in posterior right upper lobe

     Adventitious sounds in posterior right lower lobe

     Adventitious sounds in posterior left upper lobe

     Adventitious sounds in posterior left lower lobe

    Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

     Auscultated abdominal aorta

    1 of 1 point

    Sounds 
    (1/1 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

     Auscultated abdominal and lower extremity arteries

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Renal 
    (1/6 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

    Left: Renal 
    (1/6 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

    Right: Iliac 
    (1/6 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

    Left: Iliac 
    (1/6 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

    Right: Femoral 
    (1/6 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

    Left: Femoral 
    (1/6 point)

     No bruit

     Bruit

     Auscultated bowel sounds

    1 of 1 point

    Bowel Sounds 
    (1/2 point)

     Absent

     Hypoactive

     Normoactive

     Hyperactive

    Location Of Non Normoactive Bowel Sounds 
    (1/2 point)

     All quadrants normoactive

     Right upper quadrant

     Right lower quadrant

     Left upper quadrant

     Left lower quadrant

     Palpated carotid arteries

    0.5 of 1 point

    Right: Vibration 
    (No point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Right: Amplitude 
    (No point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

    Left: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Left: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

     Palpated PMI

    1 of 1 point

    Location 
    (1/3 point)

     Present at midclavicular line and 5th intercostal space

     Displaced laterally

    Diameter 
    (1/3 point)

     Less than 3 cm

     Greater than 3 cm

    Amplitude 
    (1/3 point)

     Brisk and tapping

     Increased amplitude (hyperkinetic)

     Palpated brachial arteries

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Right: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

    Left: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Left: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

     Palpated radial arteries

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Right: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

    Left: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Left: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

     Palpated femoral arteries

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Right: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

    Left: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Left: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

     Palpated popliteal arteries

    0.5 of 1 point

    Right: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Right: Amplitude 
    (No point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

    Left: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Left: Amplitude 
    (No point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

     Palpated tibial arteries

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Right: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

    Left: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Left: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

     Palpated dorsalis pedis arteries

    1 of 1 point

    Right: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Right: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

    Left: Vibration 
    (1/4 point)

     No thrill

     Thrill

    Left: Amplitude 
    (1/4 point)

     0 Absent

     1+ Diminished or barely palpable

     2+ Expected

     3+ Increased

     4+ Bounding pulse

     Palpated abdomen – light

    1 of 1 point

    Tenderness 
    (1/3 point)

     None reported

     Tenderness reported

    Location Of Tenderness 
    (1/3 point)

     No quadrants tender

     Right upper quadrant

     Right lower quadrant

     Left upper quadrant

     Left lower quadrant

    Observations 
    (1/3 point)

     No additional observations

     Masses

     Guarding

     Distension

     Muscle resistance

     Rigidity

     Palpated abdomen – deep

    1 of 1 point

    Presence Of Unexpected Mass 
    (1/2 point)

     No palpable mass

     Palpable mass

    Location Of Mass 
    (1/2 point)

     No palpable mass

     Right upper quadrant

     Right lower quadrant

     Left upper quadrant

     Left lower quadrant

     Around umbilicus

     Palpated liver

    1 of 1 point

    Detection 
    (1/1 point)

     Not palpable

     Palpable

     Palpated spleen

    1 of 1 point

    Detection 
    (1/1 point)

     Not palpable

     Palpable

     Palpated kidneys

    1 of 1 point

    Right 
    (1/2 point)

     Not palpable

     Palpable

    Left 
    (1/2 point)

     Not palpable

     Palpable

     Tested skin turgor

    1 of 1 point

    Observations 
    (1/1 point)

     No tenting

     Tenting

     Auscultated organs

    1 of 1 point

    Liver 
    (1/2 point)

     No friction rub

     Audible friction rub

    Spleen 
    (1/2 point)

     No friction rub

     Audible friction rub

     Percussed abdomen

    1 of 1 point

    Observations 
    (1/1 point)

     All areas generally tympanic

     Some areas dull, some tympanic

     Some areas resonant

    Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

     Percussed spleen

    1 of 1 point

    Spleen 
    (1/1 point)

     Tympany

     Dullness

     Percussed liver

    1 of 1 point

    Liver Span 
    (1/1 point)

     Smaller than 6 cm

     Between 6 and 12 cm

     Greater than 12 cm

     Performed EKG

    1 of 1 point

    Sinus Rhythm 
    (1/2 point)

     Regular

     Irregular

    St Changes 
    (1/2 point)

     No ST elevation

     ST elevation present

    Objective Data – Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment

  • Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Subjective Data Collection: 30 of 30 (100.0%)

    Hover To Reveal…

    Hover over the 
    Patient Data
     items below to reveal important information, including 
    Pro Tips
     and 
    Example Questions
    .

    Found:

     Indicates an item that you found.

    Available:

     Indicates an item that is available to be found.

    Category

    Scored Items

    Experts selected these topics as essential components of a strong, thorough interview with this patient. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Patient Data

    Not Scored

    A combination of open and closed questions will yield better patient data. The following details are facts of the patient’s case.

    Chief Complaint

    WE ARE THE SHADOW HEALTH EXPERTS,

    CHAT US TO PLACE OUR ORDER AND SCORE 100%

    Finding:

    Established chief complaint

    Finding:

    Reports sporadic chest pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Chest pain can be a sign of many health problems, some serious and some less serious. It is important to follow up with discovery of chest pain by asking about its characteristics and severity.

    Example Question:

    Do you have chest pain?

    History of Present Illness

    Finding:

    Asked about onset of pain

    Finding:

    Reports chest pain started appearing in the past month

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Establishing the onset of a patient’s pain is essential in diagnosing its severity as well as the comfort of the patient.

    Example Question:

    When did your chest pain start?

    Finding:

    Asked about location of pain

    Finding:

    Reports pain is in center of the chest

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Identifying the location of a patient’s pain is essential in determining which body systems are affected, the underlying cause of the pain, and how best to treat it.

    Example Question:

    Where is the pain?

    Finding:

    Reports pain does not radiate

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Pain radiation is an important symptom that can be helpful in understanding the cause of pain and narrowing the diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    Does the pain radiate?

    Finding:

    Denies arm pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: When combined with chest pain, arm pain can be a telling sign that the complaint may be cardiac in nature.

    Example Question:

    Are you experiencing arm pain?

    Finding:

    Denies shoulder pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: When combined with chest pain, shoulder pain can be a telling sign that the complaint may be cardiac in nature.

    Example Question:

    Are you experiencing shoulder pain?

    Finding:

    Denies back pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: When combined with chest pain, back pain can be a telling sign that the complaint may be cardiac in nature.

    Example Question:

    Are you experiencing back pain?

    Finding:

    Denies neck pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: When combined with chest pain, neck pain can be a telling sign that the complaint may be cardiac in nature.

    Example Question:

    Are you experiencing neck pain?

    Finding:

    Asked about duration of pain episodes

    Finding:

    Reports each episode lasted “several” minutes

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Knowing the duration of a patient’s pain gives you a more complete picture of its severity and potential impact on the patient’s health.

    Example Question:

    How long does your chest pain last?

    Finding:

    Asked about frequency of pain

    Finding:

    Reports 3 episodes in past month

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Establishing a timeline for a patient’s symptoms can help you to better diagnose his condition and most effectively treat him.

    Example Question:

    How many times in the last month have you had chest pain?

    Finding:

    Reports that episodes did not seem related

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Asking your patient if the episodes seem associated can point to possible factors that aggravate the episodes or trigger symptoms, and can help narrow your diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    Did the episodes seem associated?

    Finding:

    Asked about severity of pain

    Finding:

    Reports current pain is 0 out of 10

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: For many patients, it is difficult to clearly describe pain. Asking Brian to rate his pain on a scale from 0 to 10 develops a consistent measure of pain severity.

    Example Question:

    How would you rate your pain on a scale of zero to ten?

    Finding:

    Reports pain severity at its worst is 5 out of 10

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: For many patients, it is difficult to clearly describe pain. Asking Brian to rate his pain at its worst gives a clearer picture of the pain’s severity.

    Example Question:

    How would you rate your pain on a scale of zero to ten?

    Finding:

    Asked about character of pain

    Finding:

    Describes pain as tight and uncomfortable

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Asking Brian to describe his pain helps identify the cause and the severity of his discomfort. Patients may not know how to answer, so you may need to suggest words like sharp, dull, crushing, gnawing, or burning.

    Example Question:

    Can you describe your pain?

    Finding:

    Denies crushing pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Asking Brian to describe his pain helps identify the cause and the severity of his discomfort. Patients may not know how to answer, so you may need to suggest words like sharp, dull, crushing, gnawing, or burning.

    Example Question:

    Is the pain crushing?

    Finding:

    Denies gnawing pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Asking Brian to describe his pain helps identify the cause and the severity of his discomfort. Patients may not know how to answer, so you may need to suggest words like sharp, dull, crushing, gnawing, or burning.

    Example Question:

    Is the pain gnawing?

    Finding:

    Denies burning pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Asking Brian to describe his pain helps identify the cause and the severity of his discomfort. Patients may not know how to answer, so you may need to suggest words like sharp, dull, crushing, gnawing, or burning.

    Example Question:

    Is the pain burning?

    Finding:

    Asked about aggravating factors

    Finding:

    Reports pain is aggravated by activity

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Aggravating factors reveal further information about the nature of the pain and the body systems affected.

    Example Question:

    What makes the pain worse?

    Finding:

    Pain occurred with yard work and taking stairs

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Determining the activity that may have caused the patient’s complaint is crucial because it may reveal the root cause of the complaint.

    Example Question:

    What activity triggered the pain?

    Finding:

    Pain does not worsen with eating

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: It is important to ask about the patient’s diet and its impact on his complaint because cardiac complaints and gastrointestinal pain can be very similar and are frequently conflated. Ruling out one or the other can assist your diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    Is the pain worse when you eat?

    Finding:

    Pain does not worsen after spicy foods

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: It is important to ask about the patient’s diet and its impact on his complaint because cardiac complaints and gastrointestinal pain can be very similar and are frequently conflated. Ruling out one or the other can assist your diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    Is the pain worse after you eat spicy food?

    Finding:

    Pain does not worsen after high-fat foods

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: It is important to ask about the patient’s diet and its impact on his complaint because cardiac complaints and gastrointestinal pain can be very similar and are frequently conflated. Ruling out one or the other can assist your diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    Is the pain worse after you eat high-fat foods?

    Finding:

    Asked about relieving factors

    Finding:

    Reports pain relief with brief period of rest

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: It’s important to assess the nature of pain by asking about relief. Relieving factors can help narrow the body system and assist in a more accurate diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    What relieves your pain?

    Finding:

    Reports no medication to treat chest pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: It’s important to assess the nature of pain by asking about relief. Discovering any pain medication Brian takes can help you assess the nature and severity of his pain and avoid any unwanted medication interactions.

    Example Question:

    Did you take anything for the chest pain?

    Medical History

    Finding:

    Confirmed use of medications

    Finding:

    Confirms medications

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Determining what, if any, medications a patient is taking is a crucial element of a thorough health history and will help you avoid unwanted drug interactions.

    Example Question:

    What medications do you take?

    Finding:

    Reports taking hypertension medication

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The medication that a patient takes will indicate any relevant health conditions, their treatment plan, and how well they comply with it. Asking about relevant medication will help you to treat your patient.

    Example Question:

    Do you take medication for hypertension?

    Finding:

    Reports taking hyperlipidemia medication

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The medication that a patient takes will indicate any relevant health conditions, their treatment plan, and how well they comply with it. Asking about relevant medication will help you to treat your patient.

    Example Question:

    Do you take medication for hyperlipidemia?

    Finding:

    Reports occasional ibuprofen use

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: The medication that a patient takes will indicate any relevant health conditions, their treatment plan, and how well they comply with it. Asking about relevant medication will help you to treat your patient.

    Example Question:

    Do you take over the counter medications?

    Finding:

    Reports taking fish oil

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The medication that a patient takes will indicate any relevant health conditions, their treatment plan, and how well they comply with it. Asking about relevant medication or supplements will help you to treat your patient.

    Example Question:

    Do you take any supplements?

    Finding:

    Denies aspirin regimen

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: The medication that a patient takes will indicate any relevant health conditions, their treatment plan, and how well they comply with it. Asking about relevant medication will help you to treat your patient.

    Example Question:

    Do you take aspirin?

    Finding:

    Followed up on hypertension treatment

    Finding:

    Medication is Lopressor

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Discovering which specific medications a patient takes helps you assess his health conditions, effectiveness of treatment, and guards against unwanted medication interactions.

    Example Question:

    What medication do you take for hypertension?

    Finding:

    Lopressor dose is 100mg

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The current dose of any patient’s prescription medications is important to learn about because it provides useful information about the patient’s treatment plan as well as potential medication interactions.

    Example Question:

    What dose of medication do you take for hypertension?

    Finding:

    Takes Lopressor once daily

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The frequency with which a patient takes his medications is an essential element of the complete picture of his medication treatment plan.

    Example Question:

    How frequently do you take medication for hypertension?

    Finding:

    Followed up on hyperlipidemia treatment

    Finding:

    Medication is Lipitor

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Discovering which specific medications a patient takes helps you assess his health conditions, effectiveness of treatment, and guards against unwanted medication interactions.

    Example Question:

    What medication do you take for hyperlipidemia?

    Finding:

    Lipitor dose is 20mg

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The current dose of any patient’s prescription medications is important to learn about because it provides useful information about the patient’s treatment plan as well as potential medication interactions.

    Example Question:

    What dose of medication do you take for hyperlipidemia?

    Finding:

    Takes Lipitor once daily

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The frequency with which a patient takes his medications is an essential element of the complete picture of his medication treatment plan.

    Example Question:

    How frequently do you take medication for hyperlipidemia?

    Finding:

    Takes Lipitor at bedtime

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: The medication that a patient takes will indicate any relevant health conditions, their treatment plan, and how well they comply with it. Asking about relevant medication information, like at what time of day Brian takes Lipitor, will help you to treat your patient.

    Example Question:

    What time of day do you take your lipitor?

    Finding:

    Has taken Lipitor for 1 year

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The medication that a patient takes will indicate any relevant health conditions, their treatment plan, and how well they comply with it. Asking about relevant medication will help you to treat your patient.

    Example Question:

    How long have you taken lipitor?

    Finding:

    Confirmed allergies

    Finding:

    Confirms allergies (no new allergies reported)

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Asking Tina if she has any new allergies will allow you to understand how, beyond the chief complaint, Tina’s health has been.

    Example Question:

    Do you have new allergies?

    Finding:

    Asked about possible contributing factors in health history

    Finding:

    Reports no known diagnosis of angina

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: A history of angina can weaken the heart and lead to further cardiovascular complications. Asking Brian about angina helps you understand his overall cardiovascular health.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a history of angina?

    Finding:

    Reports hypertension

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke. Soliciting a health history from Brian will allow you to assess his risk of cardiovascular disease.

    Example Question:

    Do you have hypertension?

    Finding:

    Reports high cholesterol

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: High cholesterol can lead to cardiovascular disease. Asking Brian whether he’s had a history of high cholesterol reveals important details about his cardiovascular health.

    Example Question:

    Do you have high cholesterol?

    Finding:

    Reports no known coronary artery disease

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Coronary artery disease is a major risk factor for further cardiac illness. Discovering coronary artery disease in a patient complaining of chest pain can be essential to an accurate diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    Do you have coronary artery disease?

    Finding:

    Denies diabetes

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: A diagnosis of diabetes can have a major impact on many body systems, and factoring it into a cardiovascular complaint can affect your diagnosis and treatment plan.

    Example Question:

    Do you have diabetes?

    Finding:

    Denies previous treatment for chest pain

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Discovering any previous treatments for chest pain can be a valuable source of information for continued treatment. The success or failure of previous treatments can inform your treatment plan.

    Example Question:

    Have you had previous treatment for chest pain?

    Finding:

    Asked about blood pressure monitoring

    Finding:

    Does not frequently monitor BP at home

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Monitoring blood pressure helps to keep track of a patient’s cardiovascular health. Asking Brian how often he measures his blood pressure will indicate his health literacy and a current treatment plan.

    Example Question:

    How often do you measure your blood pressure?

    Finding:

    Reports infrequent BP checks at the doctor or drugstore

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Monitoring blood pressure helps to keep track of a patient’s cardiovascular health. Asking Brian when he measures his blood pressure will indicate his health literacy and a current treatment plan.

    Example Question:

    When do you measure your blood pressure?

    Finding:

    Reports not remembering typical BP reading

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Monitoring blood pressure helps to keep track of a patient’s cardiovascular health. Asking Brian what his typical blood pressure reading is will indicate his health literacy and a current treatment plan.

    Example Question:

    What is your typical blood pressure reading?

    Finding:

    Asked about past cardiac tests

    Finding:

    Reports recent EKG test

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: An EKG test checks for electrical problems with the heart. Asking Brian whether he’s had an EKG will reveal his recent medical history, cardiac health, and medical literacy.

    Example Question:

    Have you recently had an EKG?

    Finding:

    Reports annual stress test

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: A stress test can illustrate the amount of stress a patient’s heart can handle before developing irregular rhythm. Asking Brian if he’s recently had a stress test will indicate a treatment plan, cardiac health, and health literacy. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Have you recently had a stress test?

    Finding:

    Followed up on results of cardiac tests

    Finding:

    Reports belief that EKG was normal

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: An EKG test checks for electrical problems with the heart. Asking Brian whether he’s had an EKG will reveal his recent medical history, cardiac health, and medical literacy. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    What were the results of your last EKG?

    Finding:

    Reports belief that stress test was normal

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: A stress test can illustrate the amount of stress a patient’s heart can handle before developing irregular rhythm. Asking Brian if he’s recently had a stress test will indicate a treatment plan, cardiac health, and health literacy.

    Example Question:

    What were the results of your last stress test?

    Finding:

    Asked about visits to healthcare providers

    Finding:

    Has a primary care provider

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Asking about Brian’s current primary care provider is important in determining his current health care access, health literacy, and treatment plans.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a primary care provider?

    Finding:

    Reports last visit 3 months ago

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: A patient’s last visit to his doctor can not only help you elicit objective data about his health, but provides you a glimpse into his access to healthcare.

    Example Question:

    When was your last visit to a healthcare provider? Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Finding:

    Usually sees doctor every 6 months

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Asking how frequently Brian sees a healthcare provider is important in determining his current health care access, health status, and treatment plans.

    Example Question:

    How often do you see a healthcare provider?

    Social History

    Finding:

    Asked about stress

    Finding:

    Reports generally low stress lifestyle

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Stress can have a profound effect on the patient’s health and wellness. Asking about stress is an important part of any health assessment. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    What is your stress level?

    Finding:

    Asked about exercise

    Finding:

    Denies regular exercise routine

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Activity levels have an important impact on cardiovascular health. Asking Brian about his exercise patterns can help you understand how his lifestyle might affect his health.

    Example Question:

    What kind of exercise do you get?

    Finding:

    Last regular exercising was 2 years ago

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Activity levels have an important impact on cardiovascular health. Asking Brian about his exercise patterns can help you understand how his lifestyle might affect his health. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    When did you last exercise regularly?

    Finding:

    Asked about typical diet

    Finding:

    Typical breakfast is granola bar and instant breakfast shake

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: A healthy and balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health. Asking Brian about his typical breakfast will allow you to assess whether his eating habits put him at risk of cardiovascular disease or other health complications.

    Example Question:

    What is a typical breakfast for you?

    Finding:

    Typical lunch is turkey sub

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: A healthy and balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health. Asking Brian about his typical lunch will allow you to assess whether his eating habits put him at risk of cardiovascular disease or other health complications. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    What is a typical lunch for you?

    Finding:

    Typical dinner is grilled meat and vegetables

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: A healthy and balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health. Asking Brian about his typical dinner will allow you to assess whether his eating habits put him at risk of cardiovascular disease or other health complications. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    What is a typical dinner for you?

    Finding:

    Denies moderation of salt intake

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: A healthy and balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health. Salt intake in particular can have a detrimental effect on blood pressure, which is why it is important to ask a patient like Brian, who suffers from hypertension, about his salt consumption.

    Example Question:

    Do you moderate your salt intake?

    Finding:

    Asked about liquid intake

    Finding:

    Reports regular water intake

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Insufficient water intake can lead to dehydration and fatigue. Asking Brian how much water he drinks every day will indicate whether he is drinking sufficient fluids. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Do you drink water every day?

    Finding:

    Drinks a liter of water a day

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Insufficient water intake can lead to dehydration and fatigue. Asking Brian how much water he drinks every day will indicate whether he is drinking sufficient fluids.

    Example Question:

    How much water do you drink per day?

    Finding:

    Drinks 2 cups of coffee daily

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Coffee is a diuretic and thus causes the patient to lose fluids. Asking Brian how much coffee he drinks per day will help you to assess the level of his fluid intake.

    Example Question:

    How much coffee do you drink per day?

    Finding:

    Denies soda drinking

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Soda is high in sugar and Insufficient water intake can lead to dehydration and fatigue. Asking Brian how much soda he drinks every day will indicate whether his fluid intake is primarily water or soda. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    How much soda do you drink per day?

    Finding:

    Asked about substance use

    Finding:

    Denies current illicit drug use

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Many drugs affect the central nervous system or can cause cardiovascular complications. Asking Brian if he uses illicit drugs will indicate whether drug use puts him at risk for health complications.

    Example Question:

    Do you use illicit drugs?

    Finding:

    Denies tobacco use

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Tobacco affects the heart by reducing the amount of oxygen the blood is able to carry. Asking Brian if he uses tobacco will allow you to assess whether the condition is caused, in part, by tobacco use.

    Example Question:

    Do you use tobacco?

    Finding:

    Reports moderate alcohol consumption

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Chronic alcohol use can result in cardiomyopathy. Asking Brian whether he drinks alcohol will allow you to assess whether he has any indicators of alcoholism. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Do you consume alcohol?

    Finding:

    Followed up on alcohol consumption

    Finding:

    Reports drinking 2-3 alcoholic drinks per week

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Consumption of alcohol can impact a patient’s health and is considered a risk factor for many medical conditions. Asking Brian about his drinking habits will help you determine his risk for disease linked to alcohol consumption. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Do you drink alcohol?

    Finding:

    Reports 2-3 drinks in one sitting / night

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Asking the patient to quantify his drinking is helpful because it elicits objective data on a subject that patients may otherwise downplay.

    Example Question:

    How many alcoholic drinks do you have in one sitting?

    Finding:

    Reports drinking only on weekends

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Asking the patient to describe his drinking habits can identify indicators of alcoholism. It may also be helpful to ask about the context and reasons for the patient’s alcohol intake. Heavy drinkers will often underestimate their drinking habits. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    When do you drink alcohol?

    Review of Systems

    Finding:

    Asked about general symptoms

    Finding:

    Denies fever

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Fever can signify infection and other complications, so it is important to determine the presence of a fever and treat it if there is.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a fever?

    Finding:

    Denies chills

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Chills can be a sign of circulation issues, fever, and more. Discovering a patient’s chills will reveal more about the cause of his complaint.

    Example Question:

    Do you have chills?

    Finding:

    Denies fatigue

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Fatigue can be an indicator of serious cardiovascular problems, and it is important to ask the patient about it in order to narrow your diagnosis.

    Example Question:

    Do you feel tired?

    Finding:

    Denies night sweats

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Unusual sweating can be a symptom of a number of medical conditions, including cardiac infection. Asking Brian about night sweats can help rule out these conditions.

    Example Question:

    Do you have night sweats?

    Finding:

    Denies weight loss

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Unintentional weight loss can be a distressing symptom for many body systems. It is important to ask about weight loss to rule out conditions that may be associated with it.

    Example Question:

    Have you experienced recent weight loss? Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Finding:

    Denies dizziness or lightheadedness

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Patients exhibiting dizziness may be at risk for several conditions as well as a fall risk. It is important to ask about dizziness to keep your patient safe.

    Example Question:

    Do you have dizziness?

    Finding:

    Denies palpitations

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Discovering palpitations can be an important clue into the patient’s cardiovascular history and current condition.

    Example Question:

    Do you have palpitations?

    Finding:

    Asked review of systems for cardiovascular

    Finding:

    Denies history of angina

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: A history of angina can weaken the heart and lead to further cardiovascular complications. Asking Brian about angina helps you understand his overall cardiovascular health.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a history of angina?

    Finding:

    Denies edema

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Swelling can be a major indicator of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular health. Asking the patient about swelling is an important part of a thorough cardio exam.

    Example Question:

    Do you have any swelling?

    Finding:

    Denies circulation problems

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Circulation is an important indicator of peripheral vascular and cardiovascular health. Asking Brian about his circulation can help diagnose vascular conditions.

    Example Question:

    Do you have any problems with circulation?

    Finding:

    Denies blood clots

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Blood clots can be a sign of serious cardiovascular or related illnesses. Asking Brian about blood clots can provide valuable information about the state of his health. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Have you ever had a blood clot?

    Finding:

    Denies history of rheumatic fever

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Rheumatic fever early in life can cause fibrosis of the heart valves and can weaken the cardiovascular system. Finding out if Brian has a history of rheumatic fever is crucial to understanding his complete heart health.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a history of rheumatic fever?

    Finding:

    Denies history of heart murmur

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Heart murmurs can be harmless or a sign of ongoing heart disease. Learning if Brian has a heart murmur is an important component of understanding his complete cardiovascular health.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a history of heart murmur?

    Finding:

    Denies easy bleeding

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Bleeding can be a sign of serious cardiovascular or related illnesses. Asking Brian about bleeding can provide valuable information about the state of his cardiovascular health.

    Example Question:

    Have you noticed any unusual bleeding?

    Finding:

    Denies easy bruising

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Ease of bruising can be a sign of serious cardiovascular or related illnesses. Asking Brian about bruising can provide valuable information about the state of his cardiovascular health.

    Example Question:

    Have you noticed any unusual bruising?

    Finding:

    Denies cyanosis

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: Cyanosis can be a symptom of troubling cardiovascular illness, though patients may not be aware of the connection to cardiovascular health. Asking Brian if he has noticed any cyanosis is important in ruling out certain cardiac risk factors.

    Example Question:

    Has your facial skin ever turned blue?

    Finding:

    Asked about review of systems for respiratory

    Finding:

    Denies cough

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the respiratory system. A cough in a patient complaining of chest pain is a symptom worth investigating.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a cough?

    Finding:

    Denies difficulty breathing

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Difficulty breathing is a dangerous symptom and can be related to many body systems, including the cardiovascular system. Breathing is an important part of a thorough cardio exam.

    Example Question:

    Have you had difficulty breathing?

    Finding:

    Denies orthopnea

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the respiratory system. Orthopnea in a patient complaining of chest pain is a symptom worth investigating.

    Example Question:

    Do you have difficulty breathing when lying down?

    Finding:

    Asked about review of systems for HEENT

    Finding:

    Denies change in sense of taste

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Changes in taste can be the result of various factors from a decrease in taste buds to Alzheimer’s. Asking Brian if he’s experienced a change in taste can reveal important medical concerns. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Have you experienced a change in taste?

    Finding:

    Denies sore throat

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the respiratory system. A sore throat in a patient complaining of chest pain is a symptom worth investigating.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a sore throat?

    Finding:

    Denies dysphagia

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the respiratory system. Painful or difficult swallowing in a patient complaining of chest pain is a symptom worth investigating.

    Example Question:

    Do you have dysphagia?

    Finding:

    Asked about review of systems for gastrointestinal

    Finding:

    Denies nausea

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Nausea can be an urgent symptom and sign of distress in more than one body symptom. Assessing and treating a patient’s nausea is important in a cardiovascular exam.

    Example Question:

    Do you have nausea?

    Finding:

    Denies vomiting

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Vomiting can be a major indicator of multiple health problems. Asking the patient about vomiting is an important part of a thorough cardio exam.

    Example Question:

    Have you vomited recently?

    Finding:

    Denies diarrhea

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the gastrointestinal system. Diarrhea in a patient complaining of chest pain is a symptom worth investigating.

    Example Question:

    Do you have diarrhea?

    Finding:

    Denies constipation

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the gastrointestinal system. Constipation in a patient complaining of chest pain is a symptom worth investigating.

    Example Question:

    Do you have constipation?

    Finding:

    Denies flatus

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the gastrointestinal system. Excessive gas in a patient complaining of chest pain is a symptom worth investigating. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Do you have flatus?

    Finding:

    Denies bloating

    (Available)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the gastrointestinal system. A patient complaining of bloating in addition to chest pain is a symptom worth investigating.

    Example Question:

    Do you have bloating?

    Finding:

    Denies heartburn or GERD

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: The cardiovascular system is inextricably balanced with many other body systems, including the gastrointestinal system. Heartburn and GERD are of particular importance to ask about, since their symptoms closely follow the symptoms of cardiac pain.

    Example Question:

    Do you have heartburn or GERD?

    Family History

    Finding:

    Asked about relevant family history

    Finding:

    Reports family history of heart attack

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Family health history is an important genetic indicator of a patient’s predisposition to certain medical conditions. Asking Brian if anyone in his family has suffered a heart attack helps you develop a more complete picture of his cardiovascular health. Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data

    Example Question:

    Has anyone in your family had a heart attack?

    Finding:

    Denies family history of stroke

    (Found)

    Pro Tip: Family health history is an important genetic indicator of a patient’s predisposition to certain medical conditions. Asking Brian if anyone in his family has suffered a stroke helps you develop a more complete picture of his cardiovascular health.

    Example Question:

    Do you have a family history of stroke?

    Finding:

    Denies family history of pulmonary embolism Brian foster chest pain shadow health assessment Subjective Data