Assignment Prompt & Instructions
– a year ago
**files (2)**
– ## Week4DiscussionDEp.docx
– ## EriksonQuestionnaireCoding2025DEP.docx
**## Week4DiscussionDEp.docx**
Week 4 Discussion: Results – Group 10
This week you are going to share the results of the data you collected last week. Because each theory focuses on different aspects of development that the original theorist believed was important, the questionnaire that was administered to your ten participants was different based on the theory you were focusing on. This also means that the way the data should be coded and interpreted is also different. Information on how to code and interpret the data from each questionnaire is below.
· Erikson:
[Erikson Questionnaire Coding.docx](https://webcourses.ucf.edu/courses/1480630/files/114610978?wrap=1)
Once you have finished coding and reviewing your data, address the prompt below.
**_Your Initial Response_**
Your response should be at least three paragraphs and meet the word count for these assignments (500-1,000 words). No AI generated content can be used in your response, although charts and graphs will be created using Excel (see below).
_Everyone will answer the following questions regardless of which theory they focused on this semester._
1. How many people completed your survey?
2. What was the age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year in college of those who completed your survey?
3. You need to create some graphs of your data. You can do this in Excel. Here is a good resource on making charts if needed
[Create Charts in ExcelLinks to an external site.Links to an external site.](https://www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis/charts.html) You will need to share your graphs in your answers. You can copy/paste them as needed.
_Questions specific to Erikson’s theory/data:_
1. How many of your participants reported high levels of intimacy? How many reported lower levels of intimacy?
2. How many of your participants reported high feelings of isolation? How many reported lower levels of isolation?
3. Do more of your participants have feelings of intimacy or isolation?
4. Are there any differences in feelings of intimacy or isolation based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that may be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Erikson’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
_Questions specific to Levinson’s theory/data:_
1. Did your participants report the same themes related to their self-representation and social relationships as found in other research related to the theory?
2. Did your participants have a dream for adulthood, consistent with the theory?
3. Did your participants have a mentor?
4. Are there any differences in themes, dreams, mentor, etc based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that might be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Levinson’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
_Questions specific to Neugarten’s theory/data:_
1. Were your participants on time or off time for the majority of major life events? If they were off time, were they early or late?
2. Did your participants report elevated levels of stress?
3. Did your results show that those who were off time (early or late) reported more stress than those who were on time for the major life events?
4. Are there any differences in timing or stress based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that might be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Neugarten’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
**## EriksonQuestionnaireCoding2025DEP.docx**
**Overview**
In Erikson’s view, psychosocial development during emerging adulthood is focused on developing intimacy. If this is not developed, according to Erikson, the emerging adult then develops feelings of isolation. To determine if your participants had developed intimacy or feelings of isolation, you gave your participants two questionnaires. Below is the questionnaire you provided participants with information on where the items originated from and how you need to code your data for review.
**Intimacy**
The first twelve questions will be used to assess feelings of intimacy. These items are from a scale that has been used several times to examine Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development and was initially developed in 1981. In this document, I have them in blue to make it easier to see these items compared to other items in the questionnaire.
**Reference:**
Rosenthal, D. A., Gurney, R. M., & Moore, S. M. (1981). From trust on intimacy: A new inventory for examining Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
_Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10(_ 6), 525–537.
[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944)
**Coding:**
Go to your Google form. At the top you will see three options for your form: Questions, Responses, Settings. Click on Responses. Then, click on View in Sheets. Download it to Excel, which is where you will do coding.
In Excel, you have the top row as an abbreviated name for the question. All responses for each participant are below. Each row represents the answers for all questions for one participant. You should have eleven rows as you had ten participants, and the top row is the name of the question. The rows in Excel are in the order that you entered the questions in the Google Form, which should be the exact same order as the items below.
In each cell in each row, you should see your participants responses in words, such as Strongly Agree, Neutral, Disagree. You are going to change these words to numbers. With each item below, there is a number in parentheses that corresponds with each response option. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
1. I get embarrassed when someone begins to tell me personal things.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
2. I'm ready to get involved with a special person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
3. I'm warm and friendly.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
4. It's important to me to be completely open with my friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
5. I keep what I really think and feel to myself.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
6. I think it's crazy to get too involved with people.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
7. I care deeply for others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
8. I'm basically a loner.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
9. I have a close physical and emotional relationship with another person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
10. I prefer not to show too much of myself to others.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
11. Being alone with other people makes me feel uncomfortable.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
12. I find it easy to make close friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twelve numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after question twelve in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 12 of them. This means that the lowest score is 12 (12 questions X 1 as the answer = 12) and the highest is 60 (12 questions X 5 as the answers = 60). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 12 and 60.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of feelings of intimacy. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, lower scores indicate higher levels of intimacy. The mid-point is 36 (12 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 36). Scores below 36 indicate higher levels of intimacy.
**Isolation**
In your questionnaire, you also asked questions that are intended to assess feelings of isolation. In research, psychologists use scales to assess feelings of loneliness with the idea that loneliness and isolation are the same construct. The next twenty questions are from a scale that was published in 1980 to measure feelings of loneliness.
**Reference:**
Russell, D., Peplau, L.A., & Cutrona, C.E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale:
Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.
_Journal of Personality and Social_
_Psychology, 39,_ 472-480.
**Coding:**
You are going to change the words for each of these items to numbers just like you did for the items related to intimacy. The questions for loneliness are in purple below and the number that corresponds to each answer is in parentheses. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
13. I feel in tune with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
14. I lack companionship.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
15. There is no one I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
16. I do not feel alone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
17. I feel part of a group of friends.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
18. I have a lot in common with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
19. I am no longer close to anyone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
20. My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
21. I am an outgoing person.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
22. There are people I feel close to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
23. I feel left out.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
24. My social relationships are superficial.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
25. No one really knows me well.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
26. I feel isolated from others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
27. I can find companionship when I want it.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
28. There are people who really understand me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
29. I am unhappy being so withdrawn.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
30. People are around me but not with me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
31. There are people I can talk to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
32. There are people I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twenty numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after the last question for these in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 20 of them. This means that the lowest score is 20 (20 questions X 1 as the answer = 20) and the highest is 100 (20 questions X 5 as the answers = 100). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 20 and 100.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of loneliness. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness. The mid-point is 30 (20 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 60). Scores higher than 60 indicate higher levels of loneliness.
**Demographic Information**
You asked your participants a few questions about them. They are below and are in red in this document.
33. What is your age?
34. What is your sex?
35. What is your race and ethnicity?
36. What is your year in college?
A. Freshman/First year
B. Sophomore/Second year
C. Junior/Third year
D. Senior/Fourth year
**## EriksonQuestionnaireCoding2025DEP.docx**
**Overview**
In Erikson’s view, psychosocial development during emerging adulthood is focused on developing intimacy. If this is not developed, according to Erikson, the emerging adult then develops feelings of isolation. To determine if your participants had developed intimacy or feelings of isolation, you gave your participants two questionnaires. Below is the questionnaire you provided participants with information on where the items originated from and how you need to code your data for review.
**Intimacy**
The first twelve questions will be used to assess feelings of intimacy. These items are from a scale that has been used several times to examine Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development and was initially developed in 1981. In this document, I have them in blue to make it easier to see these items compared to other items in the questionnaire.
**Reference:**
Rosenthal, D. A., Gurney, R. M., & Moore, S. M. (1981). From trust on intimacy: A new inventory for examining Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
_Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10(_ 6), 525–537.
[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944)
**Coding:**
Go to your Google form. At the top you will see three options for your form: Questions, Responses, Settings. Click on Responses. Then, click on View in Sheets. Download it to Excel, which is where you will do coding.
In Excel, you have the top row as an abbreviated name for the question. All responses for each participant are below. Each row represents the answers for all questions for one participant. You should have eleven rows as you had ten participants, and the top row is the name of the question. The rows in Excel are in the order that you entered the questions in the Google Form, which should be the exact same order as the items below.
In each cell in each row, you should see your participants responses in words, such as Strongly Agree, Neutral, Disagree. You are going to change these words to numbers. With each item below, there is a number in parentheses that corresponds with each response option. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
1. I get embarrassed when someone begins to tell me personal things.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
2. I'm ready to get involved with a special person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
3. I'm warm and friendly.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
4. It's important to me to be completely open with my friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
5. I keep what I really think and feel to myself.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
6. I think it's crazy to get too involved with people.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
7. I care deeply for others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
8. I'm basically a loner.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
9. I have a close physical and emotional relationship with another person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
10. I prefer not to show too much of myself to others.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
11. Being alone with other people makes me feel uncomfortable.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
12. I find it easy to make close friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twelve numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after question twelve in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 12 of them. This means that the lowest score is 12 (12 questions X 1 as the answer = 12) and the highest is 60 (12 questions X 5 as the answers = 60). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 12 and 60.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of feelings of intimacy. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, lower scores indicate higher levels of intimacy. The mid-point is 36 (12 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 36). Scores below 36 indicate higher levels of intimacy.
**Isolation**
In your questionnaire, you also asked questions that are intended to assess feelings of isolation. In research, psychologists use scales to assess feelings of loneliness with the idea that loneliness and isolation are the same construct. The next twenty questions are from a scale that was published in 1980 to measure feelings of loneliness.
**Reference:**
Russell, D., Peplau, L.A., & Cutrona, C.E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale:
Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.
_Journal of Personality and Social_
_Psychology, 39,_ 472-480.
**Coding:**
You are going to change the words for each of these items to numbers just like you did for the items related to intimacy. The questions for loneliness are in purple below and the number that corresponds to each answer is in parentheses. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
13. I feel in tune with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
14. I lack companionship.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
15. There is no one I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
16. I do not feel alone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
17. I feel part of a group of friends.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
18. I have a lot in common with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
19. I am no longer close to anyone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
20. My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
21. I am an outgoing person.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
22. There are people I feel close to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
23. I feel left out.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
24. My social relationships are superficial.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
25. No one really knows me well.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
26. I feel isolated from others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
27. I can find companionship when I want it.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
28. There are people who really understand me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
29. I am unhappy being so withdrawn.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
30. People are around me but not with me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
31. There are people I can talk to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
32. There are people I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twenty numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after the last question for these in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 20 of them. This means that the lowest score is 20 (20 questions X 1 as the answer = 20) and the highest is 100 (20 questions X 5 as the answers = 100). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 20 and 100.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of loneliness. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness. The mid-point is 30 (20 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 60). Scores higher than 60 indicate higher levels of loneliness.
**Demographic Information**
You asked your participants a few questions about them. They are below and are in red in this document.
33. What is your age?
34. What is your sex?
35. What is your race and ethnicity?
36. What is your year in college?
A. Freshman/First year
B. Sophomore/Second year
C. Junior/Third year
D. Senior/Fourth year
**## Week4DiscussionDEp.docx**
Week 4 Discussion: Results – Group 10
This week you are going to share the results of the data you collected last week. Because each theory focuses on different aspects of development that the original theorist believed was important, the questionnaire that was administered to your ten participants was different based on the theory you were focusing on. This also means that the way the data should be coded and interpreted is also different. Information on how to code and interpret the data from each questionnaire is below.
· Erikson:
[Erikson Questionnaire Coding.docx](https://webcourses.ucf.edu/courses/1480630/files/114610978?wrap=1)
Once you have finished coding and reviewing your data, address the prompt below.
**_Your Initial Response_**
Your response should be at least three paragraphs and meet the word count for these assignments (500-1,000 words). No AI generated content can be used in your response, although charts and graphs will be created using Excel (see below).
_Everyone will answer the following questions regardless of which theory they focused on this semester._
1. How many people completed your survey?
2. What was the age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year in college of those who completed your survey?
3. You need to create some graphs of your data. You can do this in Excel. Here is a good resource on making charts if needed
[Create Charts in ExcelLinks to an external site.Links to an external site.](https://www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis/charts.html) You will need to share your graphs in your answers. You can copy/paste them as needed.
_Questions specific to Erikson’s theory/data:_
1. How many of your participants reported high levels of intimacy? How many reported lower levels of intimacy?
2. How many of your participants reported high feelings of isolation? How many reported lower levels of isolation?
3. Do more of your participants have feelings of intimacy or isolation?
4. Are there any differences in feelings of intimacy or isolation based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that may be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Erikson’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
_Questions specific to Levinson’s theory/data:_
1. Did your participants report the same themes related to their self-representation and social relationships as found in other research related to the theory?
2. Did your participants have a dream for adulthood, consistent with the theory?
3. Did your participants have a mentor?
4. Are there any differences in themes, dreams, mentor, etc based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that might be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Levinson’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
_Questions specific to Neugarten’s theory/data:_
1. Were your participants on time or off time for the majority of major life events? If they were off time, were they early or late?
2. Did your participants report elevated levels of stress?
3. Did your results show that those who were off time (early or late) reported more stress than those who were on time for the major life events?
4. Are there any differences in timing or stress based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that might be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Neugarten’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
**## EriksonQuestionnaireCoding2025DEP.docx**
**Overview**
In Erikson’s view, psychosocial development during emerging adulthood is focused on developing intimacy. If this is not developed, according to Erikson, the emerging adult then develops feelings of isolation. To determine if your participants had developed intimacy or feelings of isolation, you gave your participants two questionnaires. Below is the questionnaire you provided participants with information on where the items originated from and how you need to code your data for review.
**Intimacy**
The first twelve questions will be used to assess feelings of intimacy. These items are from a scale that has been used several times to examine Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development and was initially developed in 1981. In this document, I have them in blue to make it easier to see these items compared to other items in the questionnaire.
**Reference:**
Rosenthal, D. A., Gurney, R. M., & Moore, S. M. (1981). From trust on intimacy: A new inventory for examining Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
_Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10(_ 6), 525–537.
[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944)
**Coding:**
Go to your Google form. At the top you will see three options for your form: Questions, Responses, Settings. Click on Responses. Then, click on View in Sheets. Download it to Excel, which is where you will do coding.
In Excel, you have the top row as an abbreviated name for the question. All responses for each participant are below. Each row represents the answers for all questions for one participant. You should have eleven rows as you had ten participants, and the top row is the name of the question. The rows in Excel are in the order that you entered the questions in the Google Form, which should be the exact same order as the items below.
In each cell in each row, you should see your participants responses in words, such as Strongly Agree, Neutral, Disagree. You are going to change these words to numbers. With each item below, there is a number in parentheses that corresponds with each response option. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
1. I get embarrassed when someone begins to tell me personal things.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
2. I'm ready to get involved with a special person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
3. I'm warm and friendly.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
4. It's important to me to be completely open with my friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
5. I keep what I really think and feel to myself.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
6. I think it's crazy to get too involved with people.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
7. I care deeply for others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
8. I'm basically a loner.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
9. I have a close physical and emotional relationship with another person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
10. I prefer not to show too much of myself to others.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
11. Being alone with other people makes me feel uncomfortable.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
12. I find it easy to make close friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twelve numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after question twelve in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 12 of them. This means that the lowest score is 12 (12 questions X 1 as the answer = 12) and the highest is 60 (12 questions X 5 as the answers = 60). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 12 and 60.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of feelings of intimacy. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, lower scores indicate higher levels of intimacy. The mid-point is 36 (12 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 36). Scores below 36 indicate higher levels of intimacy.
**Isolation**
In your questionnaire, you also asked questions that are intended to assess feelings of isolation. In research, psychologists use scales to assess feelings of loneliness with the idea that loneliness and isolation are the same construct. The next twenty questions are from a scale that was published in 1980 to measure feelings of loneliness.
**Reference:**
Russell, D., Peplau, L.A., & Cutrona, C.E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale:
Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.
_Journal of Personality and Social_
_Psychology, 39,_ 472-480.
**Coding:**
You are going to change the words for each of these items to numbers just like you did for the items related to intimacy. The questions for loneliness are in purple below and the number that corresponds to each answer is in parentheses. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
13. I feel in tune with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
14. I lack companionship.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
15. There is no one I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
16. I do not feel alone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
17. I feel part of a group of friends.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
18. I have a lot in common with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
19. I am no longer close to anyone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
20. My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
21. I am an outgoing person.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
22. There are people I feel close to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
23. I feel left out.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
24. My social relationships are superficial.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
25. No one really knows me well.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
26. I feel isolated from others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
27. I can find companionship when I want it.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
28. There are people who really understand me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
29. I am unhappy being so withdrawn.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
30. People are around me but not with me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
31. There are people I can talk to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
32. There are people I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twenty numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after the last question for these in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 20 of them. This means that the lowest score is 20 (20 questions X 1 as the answer = 20) and the highest is 100 (20 questions X 5 as the answers = 100). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 20 and 100.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of loneliness. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness. The mid-point is 30 (20 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 60). Scores higher than 60 indicate higher levels of loneliness.
**Demographic Information**
You asked your participants a few questions about them. They are below and are in red in this document.
33. What is your age?
34. What is your sex?
35. What is your race and ethnicity?
36. What is your year in college?
A. Freshman/First year
B. Sophomore/Second year
C. Junior/Third year
D. Senior/Fourth year
**## Week4DiscussionDEp.docx**
Week 4 Discussion: Results – Group 10
This week you are going to share the results of the data you collected last week. Because each theory focuses on different aspects of development that the original theorist believed was important, the questionnaire that was administered to your ten participants was different based on the theory you were focusing on. This also means that the way the data should be coded and interpreted is also different. Information on how to code and interpret the data from each questionnaire is below.
· Erikson:
[Erikson Questionnaire Coding.docx](https://webcourses.ucf.edu/courses/1480630/files/114610978?wrap=1)
Once you have finished coding and reviewing your data, address the prompt below.
**_Your Initial Response_**
Your response should be at least three paragraphs and meet the word count for these assignments (500-1,000 words). No AI generated content can be used in your response, although charts and graphs will be created using Excel (see below).
_Everyone will answer the following questions regardless of which theory they focused on this semester._
1. How many people completed your survey?
2. What was the age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year in college of those who completed your survey?
3. You need to create some graphs of your data. You can do this in Excel. Here is a good resource on making charts if needed
[Create Charts in ExcelLinks to an external site.Links to an external site.](https://www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis/charts.html) You will need to share your graphs in your answers. You can copy/paste them as needed.
_Questions specific to Erikson’s theory/data:_
1. How many of your participants reported high levels of intimacy? How many reported lower levels of intimacy?
2. How many of your participants reported high feelings of isolation? How many reported lower levels of isolation?
3. Do more of your participants have feelings of intimacy or isolation?
4. Are there any differences in feelings of intimacy or isolation based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that may be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Erikson’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
_Questions specific to Levinson’s theory/data:_
1. Did your participants report the same themes related to their self-representation and social relationships as found in other research related to the theory?
2. Did your participants have a dream for adulthood, consistent with the theory?
3. Did your participants have a mentor?
4. Are there any differences in themes, dreams, mentor, etc based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that might be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Levinson’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
_Questions specific to Neugarten’s theory/data:_
1. Were your participants on time or off time for the majority of major life events? If they were off time, were they early or late?
2. Did your participants report elevated levels of stress?
3. Did your results show that those who were off time (early or late) reported more stress than those who were on time for the major life events?
4. Are there any differences in timing or stress based on the demographic questions? If so, why do you think that might be the case?
5. Do your results confirm Neugarten’s view of psychosocial development during emerging adulthood? Why or why not?
6. Is the theory still relevant and/or applicable to emerging adults today?
Make sure you use charts and graphs in Excel to demonstrate the trend you found in your data.
**## EriksonQuestionnaireCoding2025DEP.docx**
**Overview**
In Erikson’s view, psychosocial development during emerging adulthood is focused on developing intimacy. If this is not developed, according to Erikson, the emerging adult then develops feelings of isolation. To determine if your participants had developed intimacy or feelings of isolation, you gave your participants two questionnaires. Below is the questionnaire you provided participants with information on where the items originated from and how you need to code your data for review.
**Intimacy**
The first twelve questions will be used to assess feelings of intimacy. These items are from a scale that has been used several times to examine Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development and was initially developed in 1981. In this document, I have them in blue to make it easier to see these items compared to other items in the questionnaire.
**Reference:**
Rosenthal, D. A., Gurney, R. M., & Moore, S. M. (1981). From trust on intimacy: A new inventory for examining Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
_Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10(_ 6), 525–537.
[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02087944)
**Coding:**
Go to your Google form. At the top you will see three options for your form: Questions, Responses, Settings. Click on Responses. Then, click on View in Sheets. Download it to Excel, which is where you will do coding.
In Excel, you have the top row as an abbreviated name for the question. All responses for each participant are below. Each row represents the answers for all questions for one participant. You should have eleven rows as you had ten participants, and the top row is the name of the question. The rows in Excel are in the order that you entered the questions in the Google Form, which should be the exact same order as the items below.
In each cell in each row, you should see your participants responses in words, such as Strongly Agree, Neutral, Disagree. You are going to change these words to numbers. With each item below, there is a number in parentheses that corresponds with each response option. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
1. I get embarrassed when someone begins to tell me personal things.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
2. I'm ready to get involved with a special person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
3. I'm warm and friendly.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
4. It's important to me to be completely open with my friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
5. I keep what I really think and feel to myself.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
6. I think it's crazy to get too involved with people.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
7. I care deeply for others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
8. I'm basically a loner.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
9. I have a close physical and emotional relationship with another person.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
10. I prefer not to show too much of myself to others.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
11. Being alone with other people makes me feel uncomfortable.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
12. I find it easy to make close friends.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twelve numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after question twelve in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 12 of them. This means that the lowest score is 12 (12 questions X 1 as the answer = 12) and the highest is 60 (12 questions X 5 as the answers = 60). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 12 and 60.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of feelings of intimacy. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, lower scores indicate higher levels of intimacy. The mid-point is 36 (12 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 36). Scores below 36 indicate higher levels of intimacy.
**Isolation**
In your questionnaire, you also asked questions that are intended to assess feelings of isolation. In research, psychologists use scales to assess feelings of loneliness with the idea that loneliness and isolation are the same construct. The next twenty questions are from a scale that was published in 1980 to measure feelings of loneliness.
**Reference:**
Russell, D., Peplau, L.A., & Cutrona, C.E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale:
Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.
_Journal of Personality and Social_
_Psychology, 39,_ 472-480.
**Coding:**
You are going to change the words for each of these items to numbers just like you did for the items related to intimacy. The questions for loneliness are in purple below and the number that corresponds to each answer is in parentheses. Pay attention to these because they are not always the same.
13. I feel in tune with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
14. I lack companionship.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
15. There is no one I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
16. I do not feel alone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
17. I feel part of a group of friends.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
18. I have a lot in common with the people around me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
19. I am no longer close to anyone.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
20. My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
21. I am an outgoing person.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
22. There are people I feel close to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
23. I feel left out.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
24. My social relationships are superficial.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
25. No one really knows me well.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
26. I feel isolated from others.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
27. I can find companionship when I want it.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
28. There are people who really understand me.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
29. I am unhappy being so withdrawn.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
30. People are around me but not with me.
A. Strongly Agree (5)
B. Agree (4)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (2)
E. Strongly Disagree (1)
31. There are people I can talk to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
32. There are people I can turn to.
A. Strongly Agree (1)
B. Agree (2)
C. Neutral (3)
D. Disagree (4)
E. Strongly Disagree (5)
Now that the above items are coded as numbers, you are going to add the twenty numbers together for each of your participants. Remember, each row is a participant. You can add a new column after the last question for these in excel and enter the total score there. Each of these items ranges from 1-5. There are 20 of them. This means that the lowest score is 20 (20 questions X 1 as the answer = 20) and the highest is 100 (20 questions X 5 as the answers = 100). More than likely you will have answers anywhere between 20 and 100.
**What do the scores mean?**
The total numbers you have for each of your participants is intended to represent their level of loneliness. Because of the way the questions are worded and the answer options, higher scores indicate higher levels of loneliness. The mid-point is 30 (20 questions X 3 as the answer, which is neutral = 60). Scores higher than 60 indicate higher levels of loneliness.
**Demographic Information**
You asked your participants a few questions about them. They are below and are in red in this document.
33. What is your age?
34. What is your sex?
35. What is your race and ethnicity?
36. What is your year in college?
A. Freshman/First year
B. Sophomore/Second year
C. Junior/Third year
D. Senior/Fourth year