Tag: Homework Solution

  • [Solved] HCP Week 3 Discussion

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    Reflect on 2 key differences between the UK and US Health systems. What are key opportunities related to advocacy and politics interventions that can be done by advanced practice nurses to improve our current health system? 1. A minimum of 2 paragraphs is required 2. All discussion posts must be m…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Reflect on 2 key differences between the UK and US Health systems. What are key opportunities related to advocacy and politics interventions that can be done by advanced practice nurses to improve our current health system?

    1. A minimum of 2 paragraphs is required

    2. All discussion posts must be minimum 250 words, references must be cited in APA format 7th Edition, and must include minimum of 2 different scholarly resources published within the past 5 years.

    – a year ago

  • [Solved] Business Finance – Management ASSIGNMENT (APA, NO PLAGARISM, GREAT WORK, ON TIME)

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management) Artificial Intelligence Operations? 700 words – a year ago **files (6)** – ## WEEK3APA7formattedpaper.docx – The_democratization_of_global_AI.pdf – DecisionAI.pdf – Modelling_wholesale_distributiAI.pdf -…

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    [>Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-management)

    Artificial Intelligence Operations? 700 words

    – a year ago

    **files (6)**

    – ## WEEK3APA7formattedpaper.docx

    – The_democratization_of_global_AI.pdf
    – DecisionAI.pdf
    – Modelling_wholesale_distributiAI.pdf
    – Can_Building_Artificially_IntAI.pdf
    – ChatGPT_for_Educational_Purposes_Investigating_the_Impact_of_Knowledge_Management_Factors_on_Student_Satisfaction_and_Continuous_UsageAI.pdf

    **## WEEK3APA7formattedpaper.docx**

    Artificial Intelligence operations:

    Write an APA7 formatted paper that incorporates the following

    Conduct factual research and select a real life currently operating private for-profit business or
    [NGO](https://www.ngosource.org/what-is-an-ngo) that is using an AI application in its operations. This can be a publicly-traded company, a private business, or NGO that you personally know or work for or one that you are interested in. It is important that you can research and obtain the information you need about the company to complete this assignment.

    Develop the following elements in your paper:

    1. Name and describe the company; describe its industry and business.  (Example, if you choose a grocery store chain business — the industry is retail; name the company, and in describing the company – include its size, location(s), and so forth)

    2. Identify the AI application utilized by the company and its main subfield of AI. For example, is it NLP, deep learning, or another subfield of AI? (Likely more than one subfield will be involved. Identify the primary subfield. Refer to Week 2 Lesson.)  In nontechnical terms, describe the AI application's function.

    3. Describe the AI's operational role in your selected company.

    4. Explain the benefits this AI application provides both the industry and your selected company in particular.

    Instructions:

    1. Structure your paper according to APA Style 7th Edition guidelines. (Refer to the
    [APA Sample Student Paper](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/le/lessons/18228/topics/14399438) in the APA Help materials in Classroom CONTENT/Overview & Introduction).

    2. Use appropriate subheadings in organizing your paper. Follow the Word template attached to this Assignment. Also, The APA Sample Student Paper shows you how to set up subheadings.

    3. Include an introduction & conclusion. Follow the Word template attached to this Assignment.

    4. Length: 600-750 words (narrative text portion of paper). Do not include an abstract or other “extra” items- these will not count.

    5. References:
    _minimum_ of 3 credible sources. All sources on the References list must also be cited in the paper as in text citations.

    6. Be original, concise, organized. Be sure to include all elements of the assign

    [**Subsets of Artificial Intelligence**](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1)

    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=36cf0f864acb74da4324db5e09745483347c186380861c23dee5218ae68f2e2fJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1)

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a broad field that encompasses various technologies and methodologies aimed at creating machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. Within AI, there are several subsets, each focusing on different aspects of AI research and applications.

    **Machine Learning (ML)**

    Machine Learning is a subset of AI that focuses on developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time without explicit programming. ML can be further divided into:

    ·
    **Supervised Learning**: The model is trained on labeled data and learns to predict or classify new data based on patterns discovered from the labeled data
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1).

    ·
    **Unsupervised Learning**: The model is trained on unlabeled data and learns to identify patterns, relationships, or structures in the data without explicit instruction
    [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=36cf0f864acb74da4324db5e09745483347c186380861c23dee5218ae68f2e2fJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    ·
    **Reinforcement Learning**: The model learns to make decisions or take actions to maximize a cumulative reward signal through trial and error
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1).

    **Deep Learning (DL)**

    Deep Learning is a subset of ML that focuses on neural networks, which are modeled after the human brain's structure and function. DL algorithms automatically learn hierarchical representations of data from multiple layers of interconnected neurons. It is particularly successful in fields like image and speech recognition
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Natural Language Processing (NLP)**

    NLP is a subset of AI that enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP techniques involve tasks such as text analysis, language understanding, machine translation, text generation, question answering, and dialogue systems
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Expert Systems**

    Expert systems are AI programs that simulate the decision-making abilities of human experts in specific domains. They consist of a knowledge base, an inference engine, and a user interface. Expert systems are used in various industries for decision-making, diagnostics, and problem-solving
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Robotics**

    Robotics is a field that involves the design, manufacture, and application of robots. AI enhances robotics by providing perception, planning, control, human-robot interaction, autonomous navigation, and medical robotics capabilities
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Machine Vision**

    Machine Vision, also known as computer vision, enables machines to interpret and understand visual data from the real world. It involves tasks such as object detection, image segmentation, tracking, and 3D reconstruction. Machine vision is used in industries like manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, and retail
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Speech Recognition**

    Speech recognition technology allows computers to convert spoken words into written text. It involves processing and analyzing audio signals using algorithms and techniques to handle different languages, accents, and speaking styles. Applications include voice assistants, transcription services, and call center automation
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    These subsets of AI contribute to the rich and multifaceted field of artificial intelligence, enabling machines to perform complex tasks with greater autonomy, adaptability, and efficiency.

    Ja-Shen, C., Tran-Thien-Y Le, & Florence, D. (2021). Usability and responsiveness of artificial intelligence chatbot on online customer experience in e-retailing. [Artificial intelligence chatbot]
    _International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 49_(11), 1512-1531.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2020-0312](https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2020-0312)

    Guo, Z. X., Wong, W. K., & Li, M. (2013). A multivariate intelligent decision-making model for retail sales forecasting.
    _Decision Support Systems_,
    _55_(1), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.01.026

    Bottani, E., Centobelli, P., Gallo, M., Mohamad, A. K., Jain, V., & Murino, T. (2019). Modelling wholesale distribution operations: an artificial intelligence framework. [Modelling wholesale distribution operations]
    _Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119_(4), 698-718.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2018-0164](https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2018-0164)

    Erman, E., & Furendal, M. (2024). The democratization of global AI governance and the role of tech companies.
    _Nature Machine Intelligence, 6_(3), 246-248. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-024-00811-z

    T. T. A. Ngo, T. T. Tran, G. K. An and P. T. Nguyen, "ChatGPT for Educational Purposes: Investigating the Impact of Knowledge Management Factors on Student Satisfaction and Continuous Usage," in IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 17, pp. 1341-1352, 2024, doi: 10.1109/TLT.2024.3383773.

    Yigitcanlar, T., Butler, L., Windle, E., Desouza, K. C., Mehmood, R., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Can Building “Artificially Intelligent Cities” Safeguard Humanity from Natural Disasters, Pandemics, and Other Catastrophes? An Urban Scholar’s Perspective.
    _Sensors, 20_(10), 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102988

    **The_democratization_of_global_AI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/the-democratization-of-global-ai-pdf)

    **DecisionAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/decisionai-pdf)

    **Modelling_wholesale_distributiAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/modelling-wholesale-distributiai-pdf)

    **Can_Building_Artificially_IntAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/can-building-artificially-intai-pdf)

    **ChatGPT_for_Educational_Purposes_Investigating_the_Impact_of_Knowledge_Management_Factors_on_Student_Satisfaction_and_Continuous_UsageAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chatgpt-for-educational-purposes-investigating-the-impact-of-knowledge-management-factors-on-student-satisfaction-and-continuous-usageai-pdf)

    **ChatGPT_for_Educational_Purposes_Investigating_the_Impact_of_Knowledge_Management_Factors_on_Student_Satisfaction_and_Continuous_UsageAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chatgpt-for-educational-purposes-investigating-the-impact-of-knowledge-management-factors-on-student-satisfaction-and-continuous-usageai-pdf)

    **## WEEK3APA7formattedpaper.docx**

    Artificial Intelligence operations:

    Write an APA7 formatted paper that incorporates the following

    Conduct factual research and select a real life currently operating private for-profit business or
    [NGO](https://www.ngosource.org/what-is-an-ngo) that is using an AI application in its operations. This can be a publicly-traded company, a private business, or NGO that you personally know or work for or one that you are interested in. It is important that you can research and obtain the information you need about the company to complete this assignment.

    Develop the following elements in your paper:

    1. Name and describe the company; describe its industry and business.  (Example, if you choose a grocery store chain business — the industry is retail; name the company, and in describing the company – include its size, location(s), and so forth)

    2. Identify the AI application utilized by the company and its main subfield of AI. For example, is it NLP, deep learning, or another subfield of AI? (Likely more than one subfield will be involved. Identify the primary subfield. Refer to Week 2 Lesson.)  In nontechnical terms, describe the AI application's function.

    3. Describe the AI's operational role in your selected company.

    4. Explain the benefits this AI application provides both the industry and your selected company in particular.

    Instructions:

    1. Structure your paper according to APA Style 7th Edition guidelines. (Refer to the
    [APA Sample Student Paper](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/le/lessons/18228/topics/14399438) in the APA Help materials in Classroom CONTENT/Overview & Introduction).

    2. Use appropriate subheadings in organizing your paper. Follow the Word template attached to this Assignment. Also, The APA Sample Student Paper shows you how to set up subheadings.

    3. Include an introduction & conclusion. Follow the Word template attached to this Assignment.

    4. Length: 600-750 words (narrative text portion of paper). Do not include an abstract or other “extra” items- these will not count.

    5. References:
    _minimum_ of 3 credible sources. All sources on the References list must also be cited in the paper as in text citations.

    6. Be original, concise, organized. Be sure to include all elements of the assign

    [**Subsets of Artificial Intelligence**](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1)

    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=36cf0f864acb74da4324db5e09745483347c186380861c23dee5218ae68f2e2fJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1)

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a broad field that encompasses various technologies and methodologies aimed at creating machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. Within AI, there are several subsets, each focusing on different aspects of AI research and applications.

    **Machine Learning (ML)**

    Machine Learning is a subset of AI that focuses on developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time without explicit programming. ML can be further divided into:

    ·
    **Supervised Learning**: The model is trained on labeled data and learns to predict or classify new data based on patterns discovered from the labeled data
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1).

    ·
    **Unsupervised Learning**: The model is trained on unlabeled data and learns to identify patterns, relationships, or structures in the data without explicit instruction
    [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=36cf0f864acb74da4324db5e09745483347c186380861c23dee5218ae68f2e2fJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    ·
    **Reinforcement Learning**: The model learns to make decisions or take actions to maximize a cumulative reward signal through trial and error
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1).

    **Deep Learning (DL)**

    Deep Learning is a subset of ML that focuses on neural networks, which are modeled after the human brain's structure and function. DL algorithms automatically learn hierarchical representations of data from multiple layers of interconnected neurons. It is particularly successful in fields like image and speech recognition
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Natural Language Processing (NLP)**

    NLP is a subset of AI that enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP techniques involve tasks such as text analysis, language understanding, machine translation, text generation, question answering, and dialogue systems
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Expert Systems**

    Expert systems are AI programs that simulate the decision-making abilities of human experts in specific domains. They consist of a knowledge base, an inference engine, and a user interface. Expert systems are used in various industries for decision-making, diagnostics, and problem-solving
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Robotics**

    Robotics is a field that involves the design, manufacture, and application of robots. AI enhances robotics by providing perception, planning, control, human-robot interaction, autonomous navigation, and medical robotics capabilities
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Machine Vision**

    Machine Vision, also known as computer vision, enables machines to interpret and understand visual data from the real world. It involves tasks such as object detection, image segmentation, tracking, and 3D reconstruction. Machine vision is used in industries like manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, and retail
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Speech Recognition**

    Speech recognition technology allows computers to convert spoken words into written text. It involves processing and analyzing audio signals using algorithms and techniques to handle different languages, accents, and speaking styles. Applications include voice assistants, transcription services, and call center automation
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    These subsets of AI contribute to the rich and multifaceted field of artificial intelligence, enabling machines to perform complex tasks with greater autonomy, adaptability, and efficiency.

    Ja-Shen, C., Tran-Thien-Y Le, & Florence, D. (2021). Usability and responsiveness of artificial intelligence chatbot on online customer experience in e-retailing. [Artificial intelligence chatbot]
    _International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 49_(11), 1512-1531.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2020-0312](https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2020-0312)

    Guo, Z. X., Wong, W. K., & Li, M. (2013). A multivariate intelligent decision-making model for retail sales forecasting.
    _Decision Support Systems_,
    _55_(1), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.01.026

    Bottani, E., Centobelli, P., Gallo, M., Mohamad, A. K., Jain, V., & Murino, T. (2019). Modelling wholesale distribution operations: an artificial intelligence framework. [Modelling wholesale distribution operations]
    _Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119_(4), 698-718.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2018-0164](https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2018-0164)

    Erman, E., & Furendal, M. (2024). The democratization of global AI governance and the role of tech companies.
    _Nature Machine Intelligence, 6_(3), 246-248. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-024-00811-z

    T. T. A. Ngo, T. T. Tran, G. K. An and P. T. Nguyen, "ChatGPT for Educational Purposes: Investigating the Impact of Knowledge Management Factors on Student Satisfaction and Continuous Usage," in IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 17, pp. 1341-1352, 2024, doi: 10.1109/TLT.2024.3383773.

    Yigitcanlar, T., Butler, L., Windle, E., Desouza, K. C., Mehmood, R., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Can Building “Artificially Intelligent Cities” Safeguard Humanity from Natural Disasters, Pandemics, and Other Catastrophes? An Urban Scholar’s Perspective.
    _Sensors, 20_(10), 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102988

    **The_democratization_of_global_AI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/the-democratization-of-global-ai-pdf)

    **DecisionAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/decisionai-pdf)

    **Modelling_wholesale_distributiAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/modelling-wholesale-distributiai-pdf)

    **Can_Building_Artificially_IntAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/can-building-artificially-intai-pdf)

    **ChatGPT_for_Educational_Purposes_Investigating_the_Impact_of_Knowledge_Management_Factors_on_Student_Satisfaction_and_Continuous_UsageAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chatgpt-for-educational-purposes-investigating-the-impact-of-knowledge-management-factors-on-student-satisfaction-and-continuous-usageai-pdf)

    **## WEEK3APA7formattedpaper.docx**

    Artificial Intelligence operations:

    Write an APA7 formatted paper that incorporates the following

    Conduct factual research and select a real life currently operating private for-profit business or
    [NGO](https://www.ngosource.org/what-is-an-ngo) that is using an AI application in its operations. This can be a publicly-traded company, a private business, or NGO that you personally know or work for or one that you are interested in. It is important that you can research and obtain the information you need about the company to complete this assignment.

    Develop the following elements in your paper:

    1. Name and describe the company; describe its industry and business.  (Example, if you choose a grocery store chain business — the industry is retail; name the company, and in describing the company – include its size, location(s), and so forth)

    2. Identify the AI application utilized by the company and its main subfield of AI. For example, is it NLP, deep learning, or another subfield of AI? (Likely more than one subfield will be involved. Identify the primary subfield. Refer to Week 2 Lesson.)  In nontechnical terms, describe the AI application's function.

    3. Describe the AI's operational role in your selected company.

    4. Explain the benefits this AI application provides both the industry and your selected company in particular.

    Instructions:

    1. Structure your paper according to APA Style 7th Edition guidelines. (Refer to the
    [APA Sample Student Paper](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/le/lessons/18228/topics/14399438) in the APA Help materials in Classroom CONTENT/Overview & Introduction).

    2. Use appropriate subheadings in organizing your paper. Follow the Word template attached to this Assignment. Also, The APA Sample Student Paper shows you how to set up subheadings.

    3. Include an introduction & conclusion. Follow the Word template attached to this Assignment.

    4. Length: 600-750 words (narrative text portion of paper). Do not include an abstract or other “extra” items- these will not count.

    5. References:
    _minimum_ of 3 credible sources. All sources on the References list must also be cited in the paper as in text citations.

    6. Be original, concise, organized. Be sure to include all elements of the assign

    [**Subsets of Artificial Intelligence**](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1)

    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=36cf0f864acb74da4324db5e09745483347c186380861c23dee5218ae68f2e2fJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1)

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a broad field that encompasses various technologies and methodologies aimed at creating machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. Within AI, there are several subsets, each focusing on different aspects of AI research and applications.

    **Machine Learning (ML)**

    Machine Learning is a subset of AI that focuses on developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time without explicit programming. ML can be further divided into:

    ·
    **Supervised Learning**: The model is trained on labeled data and learns to predict or classify new data based on patterns discovered from the labeled data
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1).

    ·
    **Unsupervised Learning**: The model is trained on unlabeled data and learns to identify patterns, relationships, or structures in the data without explicit instruction
    [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=36cf0f864acb74da4324db5e09745483347c186380861c23dee5218ae68f2e2fJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    ·
    **Reinforcement Learning**: The model learns to make decisions or take actions to maximize a cumulative reward signal through trial and error
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=f8360d43746a0889485287851e10ba5b99eb0b0b3d23d17bd7bb468832f2252dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&psq=sublets+of+AI&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1).

    **Deep Learning (DL)**

    Deep Learning is a subset of ML that focuses on neural networks, which are modeled after the human brain's structure and function. DL algorithms automatically learn hierarchical representations of data from multiple layers of interconnected neurons. It is particularly successful in fields like image and speech recognition
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Natural Language Processing (NLP)**

    NLP is a subset of AI that enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP techniques involve tasks such as text analysis, language understanding, machine translation, text generation, question answering, and dialogue systems
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Expert Systems**

    Expert systems are AI programs that simulate the decision-making abilities of human experts in specific domains. They consist of a knowledge base, an inference engine, and a user interface. Expert systems are used in various industries for decision-making, diagnostics, and problem-solving
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Robotics**

    Robotics is a field that involves the design, manufacture, and application of robots. AI enhances robotics by providing perception, planning, control, human-robot interaction, autonomous navigation, and medical robotics capabilities
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Machine Vision**

    Machine Vision, also known as computer vision, enables machines to interpret and understand visual data from the real world. It involves tasks such as object detection, image segmentation, tracking, and 3D reconstruction. Machine vision is used in industries like manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, and retail
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    **Speech Recognition**

    Speech recognition technology allows computers to convert spoken words into written text. It involves processing and analyzing audio signals using algorithms and techniques to handle different languages, accents, and speaking styles. Applications include voice assistants, transcription services, and call center automation
    [1](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=ffec39a8c2a86ff47bc4930a5771ed24fe11d7fccade3cf21c83ee130c96ee4dJmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NhbGVyLmNvbS90b3BpY3MvYXJ0aWZpY2lhbC1pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UtdHV0b3JpYWwvc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haS8&ntb=1) [2](https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=b1826b1db5a5769c96a00aadc3d54e638a52cd9c830a634bcdbc71e2caba0b92JmltdHM9MTc0NzY5OTIwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=26c4cd0a-5f76-680c-28c1-d8be5e9869da&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamF2YXRwb2ludC5jb20vc3Vic2V0cy1vZi1haQ&ntb=1).

    These subsets of AI contribute to the rich and multifaceted field of artificial intelligence, enabling machines to perform complex tasks with greater autonomy, adaptability, and efficiency.

    Ja-Shen, C., Tran-Thien-Y Le, & Florence, D. (2021). Usability and responsiveness of artificial intelligence chatbot on online customer experience in e-retailing. [Artificial intelligence chatbot]
    _International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 49_(11), 1512-1531.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2020-0312](https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-08-2020-0312)

    Guo, Z. X., Wong, W. K., & Li, M. (2013). A multivariate intelligent decision-making model for retail sales forecasting.
    _Decision Support Systems_,
    _55_(1), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.01.026

    Bottani, E., Centobelli, P., Gallo, M., Mohamad, A. K., Jain, V., & Murino, T. (2019). Modelling wholesale distribution operations: an artificial intelligence framework. [Modelling wholesale distribution operations]
    _Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119_(4), 698-718.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2018-0164](https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2018-0164)

    Erman, E., & Furendal, M. (2024). The democratization of global AI governance and the role of tech companies.
    _Nature Machine Intelligence, 6_(3), 246-248. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-024-00811-z

    T. T. A. Ngo, T. T. Tran, G. K. An and P. T. Nguyen, "ChatGPT for Educational Purposes: Investigating the Impact of Knowledge Management Factors on Student Satisfaction and Continuous Usage," in IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 17, pp. 1341-1352, 2024, doi: 10.1109/TLT.2024.3383773.

    Yigitcanlar, T., Butler, L., Windle, E., Desouza, K. C., Mehmood, R., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Can Building “Artificially Intelligent Cities” Safeguard Humanity from Natural Disasters, Pandemics, and Other Catastrophes? An Urban Scholar’s Perspective.
    _Sensors, 20_(10), 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102988

    **The_democratization_of_global_AI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/the-democratization-of-global-ai-pdf)

    **DecisionAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/decisionai-pdf)

    **Modelling_wholesale_distributiAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/modelling-wholesale-distributiai-pdf)

    **Can_Building_Artificially_IntAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/can-building-artificially-intai-pdf)

    **ChatGPT_for_Educational_Purposes_Investigating_the_Impact_of_Knowledge_Management_Factors_on_Student_Satisfaction_and_Continuous_UsageAI.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chatgpt-for-educational-purposes-investigating-the-impact-of-knowledge-management-factors-on-student-satisfaction-and-continuous-usageai-pdf)

  • [Solved] Government Fiscal Federalism Assignment

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    Instructions in the attached document, Case study-reword only – a year ago **files (1)** – ## CaseStudyFiscalFederalismAssignment.docx **## CaseStudyFiscalFederalismAssignment.docx** 2 Fiscal Federalism Assignment **PLEASE REWORD THE ENTIRE PAPER. ITS HAS SOME AI DETECTION IN (ITHINK) IT FROM WHAT I…

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    Instructions in the attached document, Case study-reword only

    – a year ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## CaseStudyFiscalFederalismAssignment.docx

    **## CaseStudyFiscalFederalismAssignment.docx**

    2

    Fiscal Federalism Assignment

    **PLEASE REWORD THE ENTIRE PAPER. ITS HAS SOME AI DETECTION IN (ITHINK) IT FROM WHAT I REMEMBER. THIS IS SUBMITTD WORK BY ME BUT NEEDED TO DROP THE CLASS. PLEASE KEEP PAPER THE SAME LENGTH OR LONGER. 8 TO 10 PAGES**

    Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis
    • Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the
    Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.
    • All citations and format must be in current APA format
    • Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis
    • Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.
    • Paper must be 8-10 pages

    Case Study: Fiscal Federalism Assignment
    Define the fiscal federalism model and provide a scholarly paper concerning the advantages and
    disadvantages of fiscal federalism to U.S. states and local governments

    WEEK 2 RESOURCES

    [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564874?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiZTJhZDRmOWYtNjgzNi00NWI5LThiY2EtMzUyNjNmNjllOGQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564874?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiZTJhZDRmOWYtNjgzNi00NWI5LThiY2EtMzUyNjNmNjllOGQ1In0&seq=1)

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    VIDEO-
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    Case Study: Fiscal Federalism Assignment

    PADM 804: Intergovernmental Relations and Public Administration

    Liberty University -Dr. Austin

    1.26.2025

    **Introduction**

    The distribution of fiscal responsibilities and resources among federal, state and local governments in the United States demonstrates how fiscal federalism forms a core component of the country's governing structure. The U.S. Constitution establishes federalism principles that create a collaborative financial governance system across multiple levels of government. The allocation of fiscal authority through fiscal federalism seeks to establish efficient and fair public service delivery while addressing the varying needs across different regions of a large and economically diverse nation. The fundamental essence of fiscal federalism consists of intertwined financial relationships and strategic policy choices. Federal, state, and local governments must collaborate and compete within fiscal federalism to finance and manage essential public services like education, healthcare, transportation, and public safety. The field of fiscal federalism encompasses both its conceptual foundations and actual application in real-world scenarios. The dual focus facilitates an in-depth study of resource distribution methods alongside the generation and management of revenue streams across multiple government tiers.

    The upcoming case study intends to examine both the basic theoretical frameworks of fiscal federalism and its practical applications while identifying the typical challenges that arise. The study will focus on the changing patterns of intergovernmental relationships and explore how decisions in fiscal policy affect governance structures. The research will investigate the dynamic tensions created by fiscal authority divisions and analyze their effects on government levels' ability to serve their populations. This detailed examination aims to develop an extensive and nuanced understanding of the ways in which fiscal federalism structures government operations across various levels and transforms public administration in the United States.

    **The Historical Background of Fiscal Federalism**

    The Framers of the United States Constitution in 1787 developed the concept of fiscal federalism by recognizing the need to govern a diverse and expansive nation through a system that balanced power between federal and state governments. The Founding Fathers created a dual sovereignty system in response to the particular difficulties presented by America's large and diverse geographical territory. The framework provided national and state governments with the ability to function independently in their designated areas while promoting joint efforts on shared concerns. The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution reinforced the dual sovereignty system by assigning to the states any powers that the federal government does not explicitly hold. The provision created a system where authority remained balanced and adaptable to fulfill the evolving requirements of the nation according to the framers' design Bulman-Pozen, J. (2012).

    The development of fiscal federalism has undergone continuous changes. The system experienced substantial changes caused by economic disruptions as well as changes in political thought and societal requirements. The various stages of this evolutionary process have consistently redefined financial interactions between government levels in response to their contemporary challenges and priorities. The New Deal period in the 1930s represents one of the key turning points in the history of fiscal federalism. The federal government took on a major expanded role in economic stabilization and social welfare provision due to the unparalleled economic collapse of the Great Depression. The New Deal era brought foundational changes to the ways different government levels worked together financially while initiating a more cooperative intergovernmental fiscal approach. During this time period Social Security and unemployment insurance became established programs that demonstrated cooperative federalism principles. The cooperative strategy between federal and state governments aided in forming partnerships that addressed national emergencies through creative resource management and responsibility sharing to tackle urgent social and economic challenges.

    Fiscal federalism maintained its transformative power during the 1960s while reaching its peak under President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs. The government demonstrated its dedication to eliminating social disparities by channeling substantial resources into education programs along with healthcare and poverty reduction initiatives. During this period fiscal redistribution became sophisticated through purposeful usage of categorical and block grants which directed resources toward regions with the highest demands. Categorical grants delivered targeted funding for specific programs while block grants gave state and local governments more discretion over federal funds which encouraged innovative solutions to meet regional requirements. Historical milestones demonstrate how fiscal federalism in the United States operates as a dynamic system that adapts to changing conditions. These facts demonstrate how the system has evolved to meet the demands of a changing governance environment. Fiscal federalism stands as a foundational element of American government as the nation addresses complex economic, social, and environmental challenges. This system combines centralized coordination needs with localized decision-making advantages to ensure that public policy development considers multiple voices and needs.

    **The Conceptual Basis of Fiscal Federalism**

    Theoretical models support fiscal federalism by explaining its operational mechanisms as well as its implications and results. These models function as analytical frameworks to examine the effects of distributing fiscal authority and responsibilities among various government levels on governance quality, public goods distribution and economic efficiency. The "voting with their feet" hypothesis developed by Charles Tiebout and public choice theory represent the two foremost theories that provide separate viewpoints on fiscal federalism dynamics.

    The Tiebout model developed during the 1950s stands as one of the foundational theories in fiscal federalism. According to Tiebout decentralized governance enables citizens to behave like consumers who select public goods and services through their residential choices. Residents choose their location by moving to areas that meet their fiscal preferences for public services and tax rates. The movement pattern between jurisdictions functions as a market-driven approach to public goods provision where local authorities vie for inhabitants through their ideal blend of service offerings and tax rates. According to Tiebout’s hypothesis, intergovernmental competition plays a crucial role in driving both efficiency and accountability. Local governments theoretically strive to innovate and manage resources efficiently through competition that pushes them to provide excellent public services at reduced costs. A municipality that combines high-quality education with moderate property taxes can draw education-focused families which expands its tax base and strengthens its fiscal position.

    Tiebout’s model operates on ideal conditions which are not always present in practical situations. The necessary conditions are perfect citizen mobility across areas along with unrestricted access to comprehensive jurisdiction information and no significant migration obstacles. Experts have noted that socioeconomic elements including income inequality together with housing affordability restrict citizens' ability to choose their residence based on public service quality which results in unequal access to excellent public goods and services. The competition between jurisdictions fails to promote efficiency and instead intensifies regional disparities because affluent areas draw more resources and investments while poorer areas face insufficient funding for essential services.

    James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock developed the public choice theory to demonstrate how decentralized decision-making strengthens fiscal responsibility in fiscal federalism. This theory suggests decentralized governance empowers local governments to implement policies and distribute resources according to their residents' specific needs and preferences. Local elected officials maintain stronger connections to their communities which results in enhanced responsiveness and accountability because they better understand specific community needs.

    Public choice theory excels because it emphasizes experimentation and innovative approaches. Local governments operate as "laboratories of democracy" where multiple jurisdictions distribute decision-making power and test new policies and practices which can later become models for other regions or national adoption if they prove successful. Local governments often create renewable energy incentives or public health policies which then achieve broader acceptance.

    The public choice theory reveals significant disadvantages when decentralization exceeds appropriate levels. A primary worry stems from the potential for uneven service provision and operational inefficiencies. Independent local governments demonstrate varying fiscal capacities which depend on elements like population size as well as their economic foundation and generated tax revenues. Wealthier areas can fund superior service levels whereas impoverished regions face difficulties providing fundamental needs which creates unfair service distribution against social justice principles. The race to the bottom critique of decentralization describes how jurisdictions engage in competitive behavior with each other. Local governments might reduce taxes or ease regulations to draw businesses and residents yet this approach can undermine public service quality and long-term infrastructure and social program investments. The prioritization of immediate gains in this competition creates a destructive cycle that diminishes progress toward widespread societal objectives Maggs, G.E. (2016).

    The interplay between Tiebout’s hypothesis and public choice theory reflects the inherent tension within fiscal federalism: Fiscal federalism experiences inherent tension between Tiebout’s hypothesis and public choice theory because it demands a balance between efficiency and accountability on one hand and equity and coordination on the other. Although decentralization and intergovernmental competition produce innovation and responsiveness their effectiveness depends on implementing safeguards to avoid disparities and inefficiencies. Federal and state authorities typically fulfill a redistributive function by supplying financial aid and grants to economically disadvantaged areas to correct resource and service delivery disparities.

    **Mechanisms of Fiscal Federalism**

    Through multiple mechanisms, fiscal federalism distributes resources and shapes policy while fostering federal-state-local government cooperation. The federal government uses these tools to direct state and local policies while providing sufficient financial support for their execution. The three main tools of fiscal federalism that define intergovernmental fiscal relationships are grants-in-aid programs which provide financial support to states and localities along with revenue-sharing schemes that distribute federal funds to lower levels of government based on formulas and federal mandates that compel state and local governments to comply with federal requirements Burke, B. F. (2014). Fiscal federalism relies heavily on grants-in-aid which function as federal funding provided to state and local governments. These financial mechanisms focus on particular policy domains but also let federal authorities shape regional government agendas. Grants-in-aid fall into two major categories: The funding system known as grants-in-aid is split into two distinct groups: categorical grants and block grants which both offer unique attributes and governance impacts.

    Federal money in the form of categorical grants is given to states and local governments for particular uses including education and transportation projects and public health initiatives. Funding through these grants comes with comprehensive federal requirements and supervision which guarantees proper utilization of the funds. Title I funding from the federal government supports disadvantaged students through financial assistance which operates under specific goals and standards. Categorical grants create standardization and oversight but restrict local and state authority. When states receive these grants they must follow rigorous federal rules which can lead to administrative challenges or limit customization to local conditions. States need to follow federal safety and environmental rules when they use highway funding from the Federal-Aid Highway Program but these federal rules do not always match local priorities.

    Unlike categorical grants that impose strict federal guidelines, state and local governments receive more freedom in fund allocation with block grants. Governments can use these grants to create programs for welfare, healthcare, and community development which are customized to their specific population needs and circumstances. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program stands as a prime illustration of a block grant. The TANF program funds low-income family assistance at the state level while granting states broad discretion in fund allocation decisions. States have the flexibility to use TANF funding for childcare services or job training programs and direct monetary support based on their specific needs and priorities. Block grants allow states to innovate but critics point out that without federal monitoring programs may result in varying quality and outcomes between states.

    Revenue-sharing programs function as a fiscal federalism method that gives states and local governments unrestricted funds to meet their varied needs free from federal restrictions. The General Revenue Sharing (GRS) program made this mechanism highly popular during the 1970s because it sought to give state and local governments more freedom to use federal money as they saw fit. Federal funds in revenue-sharing programs are allocated through formulas evaluating population size and economic necessity. Revenue-sharing funds differ from categorical and block grants because they impose few restrictions which enables recipient governments to direct resources according to their specific local needs. Cities may choose to fund public transportation upgrades through revenue-sharing funds whereas rural counties might allocate those funds to agricultural development or infrastructure projects. Although revenue sharing had advantages it was criticized due to insufficient mechanisms for accountability and oversight. Critics said that without federal guidelines funds could not be guaranteed to be used effectively or equitably. In response to these issues revenue-sharing programs were eliminated during the 1980s and replaced with more focused grant systems that prioritize accountability and compliance.

    Federal mandates compel state and local governments to follow national standards or enact particular policies. Federal mandates can come with financial support from the national government to assist states in implementation costs or as unfunded mandates which place the implementation financial burden on states themselves. Funded mandates allow federal policies to be implemented with financial assistance from the federal government to help state and local governments reduce their financial responsibilities. The Clean Water Act contains funded mandates which distribute grants to states specifically for constructing wastewater treatment plants to meet federal environmental standards. States must carry out federal policies through unfunded mandates which do not offer any financial assistance. State and local governments face substantial financial and administrative burdens when they need to reallocate resources from other priorities to meet federal requirements. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2003 stands as a prime example of an unfunded mandate by obligating states to carry out wide-scale educational changes such as standardized testing and accountability protocols without adequate federal financial support. According to critics underfunded school districts faced increased financial burdens when trying to meet NCLB requirements which contributed to widening education disparities.

    The tools of fiscal federalism such as grants-in-aid along with revenue sharing and mandates demonstrate how intergovernmental fiscal relationships operate dynamically and intricately. According to Feely and Rubin these instruments allow the federal government to guide state and local policies but lead to significant concerns over autonomy and equitable accountability. Balancing Federal and State Roles, categorical grants and mandates extend federal control yet limit local creativity while block grants and revenue sharing support state autonomy but risk creating inconsistent policy results. Administrative Complexity: State and local governments need extensive administrative resources to manage federal funds which involves meeting complex reporting and auditing standards but smaller governments might find these requirements challenging. Equity Concerns: Political and economic factors influence how federal funds are allocated which leads to questions about whether all regions and populations receive equitable distribution of resources. Fiscal federalism mechanisms operate as essential components of United States governance through their facilitation of cooperative resource-sharing between federal and state and local governments.

    The federal government affects policy priorities and supports lower government levels by using grants-in-aid together with revenue-sharing programs and mandates. The development and execution of fiscal federalism tools require federal authorities to maintain oversight but also respect state and local independence so public services achieve both efficiency and fairness. The ongoing evolution of fiscal federalism requires policymakers to tackle its fundamental challenges in order to develop sustainable governance systems that can respond to a complex global interconnection. The Constitution rights and principles remain unaffected by federalism according to Justice Thomas. Thomas Jefferson experienced a moment of clarity when he wrote “All men are created equal” during the founding of our nation according to him. As in Genesis 1: The fundamental laws of federal and state governments must maintain equality for all citizens just as scripture commands in Genesis 1:27 where God created humans in His image.

    **Federalism Medical System**

    The 2012 Supreme Court ruling in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius significantly altered Medicaid expansion plans. The Supreme Court ruling in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012) altered the path of Medicaid expansion. The Supreme Court confirmed the legality of ACA’s individual mandate but found unconstitutional the requirement for states to expand Medicaid in order to receive existing federal Medicaid benefits. States received the option to expand Medicaid because of the Supreme Court decision which preserved their choice to participate.

    Medicaid expansion was implemented differently across the United States following this legal decision. States which decided to broaden their Medicaid programs experienced substantial growth in health insurance coverage for low-income individuals with adults from coverage gaps benefiting most. States which expanded Medicaid achieved improved preventive care access while reducing hospital uncompensated care costs and receiving economic advantages through federal funds. California and New York moved rapidly to adopt Medicaid expansion which resulted in decreased uninsured rates and enhanced public health results.

    According to John D. Mueller, says the states that chose not to expand Medicaid usually pointed to ideological or financial concerns but encountered separate consequences as a result. Opponents in states that did not adopt Medicaid expansion believed that federal assistance would not prevent eventual financial strain on state budgets. Millions of low-income Americans remained uninsured because their states chose not to expand Medicaid which left them earning too little to receive federal subsidies through the ACA insurance marketplaces. Texas and Florida drew continuing disapproval because their initial resistance to Medicaid expansion left large segments of their populations without affordable healthcare access.

    **The Challenges**

    States with stronger economic capacities create horizontal fiscal disparities because their wealth enables them to provide superior public services which in turn intensifies regional inequality. Vertical fiscal imbalances develop when the federal government collects most tax revenues but states manage substantial expenses which forces them to depend on intergovernmental transfers. State and local governments face financial strain from unfunded mandates that force them to carry out federal policies without adequate monetary support which leads to reduced public services. The overlapping duties among federal, state, and local governments generate ambiguity about accountability which confuses citizens about which governmental level should be held responsible for different outcomes. Federalism functions through consistent adjustments to emerging challenges supported by shared commitments to both fairness and responsibility. The principles of fiscal federalism will continue to promote the well-being of all Americans when supported by effective policies and cooperative governance Jr, Lynn, Laurene E. (2013).

    **Conclusion**

    The essential function of fiscal federalism in American governance demonstrates the nationwide attempt to balance united objectives with diverse local needs. Allocation of financial responsibilities across federal, state, and local governments ensures efficient public service delivery that meets the specific requirements of diverse communities. The effectiveness of fiscal federalism rests upon its ability to adjust to emerging challenges while maintaining an equilibrium between national objectives and local autonomy
    **.**

    **References**

    Agranoff, R. (2017). Crossing boundaries for intergovernmental management. Washington,

    D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN: 9781626164802.

    Bulman-Pozen, J. (2012). Federalism as a Safeguard of the Separation of Powers.
    _Columbia_

    _Law School_. VOL. 112, P. 459, 2012 (2012).

    Burke, B. F. (2014). Understanding Intergovernmental Relations, Twenty-five Years Hence. State & Local Government Review, 46(1), 63–76.
    [http://www.jstor.org/stable/24639039](http://www.jstor.org/stable/24639039)

    Dye, T. R. (1990). The policy consequences of intergovernmental competition. Cato Journal, 10(1), 59-74.

    Feeley, M.M. & Rubin, E. FEDERALISM: POLITICAL IDENTITY AND TRAGIC

    COMPROMISE. Ann Arbor, MI:
    _University of Michigan Press_, 2008. 238pp.

    John D. Mueller, Redeeming Economics: Rediscovering the Missing Element (ISI Books, 2010).

    Jr, Lynn, Laurene E. (2013). American “Broken Government:” What Would James Madison

    Say?Sage Publications, 45 (5), 610-624
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713497989](https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713497989)

    King James Bible. (2022).
    _King James Bible Online_. https://
    [www.kingjamesbibleonline.org](http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/)

    Maggs, G.E. (2016). Justice Thomas on Federalism.
    _George Washington University_.

    https://justicethomas.com/justice-thomas-on-federalism

    **## CaseStudyFiscalFederalismAssignment.docx**

    2

    Fiscal Federalism Assignment

    **PLEASE REWORD THE ENTIRE PAPER. ITS HAS SOME AI DETECTION IN (ITHINK) IT FROM WHAT I REMEMBER. THIS IS SUBMITTD WORK BY ME BUT NEEDED TO DROP THE CLASS. PLEASE KEEP PAPER THE SAME LENGTH OR LONGER. 8 TO 10 PAGES**

    Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis
    • Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the
    Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.
    • All citations and format must be in current APA format
    • Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis
    • Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.
    • Paper must be 8-10 pages

    Case Study: Fiscal Federalism Assignment
    Define the fiscal federalism model and provide a scholarly paper concerning the advantages and
    disadvantages of fiscal federalism to U.S. states and local governments

    WEEK 2 RESOURCES

    [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564874?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiZTJhZDRmOWYtNjgzNi00NWI5LThiY2EtMzUyNjNmNjllOGQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564874?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiZTJhZDRmOWYtNjgzNi00NWI5LThiY2EtMzUyNjNmNjllOGQ1In0&seq=1)

    [https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=5331690&ppg=31&c=UERG](https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=5331690&ppg=31&c=UERG)

    [https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R46382](https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R46382)

    VIDEO-
    [https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/812429/pages/watch-intergovernmental-relations-and-public-administration?module_item_id=85119895](https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/812429/pages/watch-intergovernmental-relations-and-public-administration?module_item_id=85119895)

    Case Study: Fiscal Federalism Assignment

    PADM 804: Intergovernmental Relations and Public Administration

    Liberty University -Dr. Austin

    1.26.2025

    **Introduction**

    The distribution of fiscal responsibilities and resources among federal, state and local governments in the United States demonstrates how fiscal federalism forms a core component of the country's governing structure. The U.S. Constitution establishes federalism principles that create a collaborative financial governance system across multiple levels of government. The allocation of fiscal authority through fiscal federalism seeks to establish efficient and fair public service delivery while addressing the varying needs across different regions of a large and economically diverse nation. The fundamental essence of fiscal federalism consists of intertwined financial relationships and strategic policy choices. Federal, state, and local governments must collaborate and compete within fiscal federalism to finance and manage essential public services like education, healthcare, transportation, and public safety. The field of fiscal federalism encompasses both its conceptual foundations and actual application in real-world scenarios. The dual focus facilitates an in-depth study of resource distribution methods alongside the generation and management of revenue streams across multiple government tiers.

    The upcoming case study intends to examine both the basic theoretical frameworks of fiscal federalism and its practical applications while identifying the typical challenges that arise. The study will focus on the changing patterns of intergovernmental relationships and explore how decisions in fiscal policy affect governance structures. The research will investigate the dynamic tensions created by fiscal authority divisions and analyze their effects on government levels' ability to serve their populations. This detailed examination aims to develop an extensive and nuanced understanding of the ways in which fiscal federalism structures government operations across various levels and transforms public administration in the United States.

    **The Historical Background of Fiscal Federalism**

    The Framers of the United States Constitution in 1787 developed the concept of fiscal federalism by recognizing the need to govern a diverse and expansive nation through a system that balanced power between federal and state governments. The Founding Fathers created a dual sovereignty system in response to the particular difficulties presented by America's large and diverse geographical territory. The framework provided national and state governments with the ability to function independently in their designated areas while promoting joint efforts on shared concerns. The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution reinforced the dual sovereignty system by assigning to the states any powers that the federal government does not explicitly hold. The provision created a system where authority remained balanced and adaptable to fulfill the evolving requirements of the nation according to the framers' design Bulman-Pozen, J. (2012).

    The development of fiscal federalism has undergone continuous changes. The system experienced substantial changes caused by economic disruptions as well as changes in political thought and societal requirements. The various stages of this evolutionary process have consistently redefined financial interactions between government levels in response to their contemporary challenges and priorities. The New Deal period in the 1930s represents one of the key turning points in the history of fiscal federalism. The federal government took on a major expanded role in economic stabilization and social welfare provision due to the unparalleled economic collapse of the Great Depression. The New Deal era brought foundational changes to the ways different government levels worked together financially while initiating a more cooperative intergovernmental fiscal approach. During this time period Social Security and unemployment insurance became established programs that demonstrated cooperative federalism principles. The cooperative strategy between federal and state governments aided in forming partnerships that addressed national emergencies through creative resource management and responsibility sharing to tackle urgent social and economic challenges.

    Fiscal federalism maintained its transformative power during the 1960s while reaching its peak under President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs. The government demonstrated its dedication to eliminating social disparities by channeling substantial resources into education programs along with healthcare and poverty reduction initiatives. During this period fiscal redistribution became sophisticated through purposeful usage of categorical and block grants which directed resources toward regions with the highest demands. Categorical grants delivered targeted funding for specific programs while block grants gave state and local governments more discretion over federal funds which encouraged innovative solutions to meet regional requirements. Historical milestones demonstrate how fiscal federalism in the United States operates as a dynamic system that adapts to changing conditions. These facts demonstrate how the system has evolved to meet the demands of a changing governance environment. Fiscal federalism stands as a foundational element of American government as the nation addresses complex economic, social, and environmental challenges. This system combines centralized coordination needs with localized decision-making advantages to ensure that public policy development considers multiple voices and needs.

    **The Conceptual Basis of Fiscal Federalism**

    Theoretical models support fiscal federalism by explaining its operational mechanisms as well as its implications and results. These models function as analytical frameworks to examine the effects of distributing fiscal authority and responsibilities among various government levels on governance quality, public goods distribution and economic efficiency. The "voting with their feet" hypothesis developed by Charles Tiebout and public choice theory represent the two foremost theories that provide separate viewpoints on fiscal federalism dynamics.

    The Tiebout model developed during the 1950s stands as one of the foundational theories in fiscal federalism. According to Tiebout decentralized governance enables citizens to behave like consumers who select public goods and services through their residential choices. Residents choose their location by moving to areas that meet their fiscal preferences for public services and tax rates. The movement pattern between jurisdictions functions as a market-driven approach to public goods provision where local authorities vie for inhabitants through their ideal blend of service offerings and tax rates. According to Tiebout’s hypothesis, intergovernmental competition plays a crucial role in driving both efficiency and accountability. Local governments theoretically strive to innovate and manage resources efficiently through competition that pushes them to provide excellent public services at reduced costs. A municipality that combines high-quality education with moderate property taxes can draw education-focused families which expands its tax base and strengthens its fiscal position.

    Tiebout’s model operates on ideal conditions which are not always present in practical situations. The necessary conditions are perfect citizen mobility across areas along with unrestricted access to comprehensive jurisdiction information and no significant migration obstacles. Experts have noted that socioeconomic elements including income inequality together with housing affordability restrict citizens' ability to choose their residence based on public service quality which results in unequal access to excellent public goods and services. The competition between jurisdictions fails to promote efficiency and instead intensifies regional disparities because affluent areas draw more resources and investments while poorer areas face insufficient funding for essential services.

    James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock developed the public choice theory to demonstrate how decentralized decision-making strengthens fiscal responsibility in fiscal federalism. This theory suggests decentralized governance empowers local governments to implement policies and distribute resources according to their residents' specific needs and preferences. Local elected officials maintain stronger connections to their communities which results in enhanced responsiveness and accountability because they better understand specific community needs.

    Public choice theory excels because it emphasizes experimentation and innovative approaches. Local governments operate as "laboratories of democracy" where multiple jurisdictions distribute decision-making power and test new policies and practices which can later become models for other regions or national adoption if they prove successful. Local governments often create renewable energy incentives or public health policies which then achieve broader acceptance.

    The public choice theory reveals significant disadvantages when decentralization exceeds appropriate levels. A primary worry stems from the potential for uneven service provision and operational inefficiencies. Independent local governments demonstrate varying fiscal capacities which depend on elements like population size as well as their economic foundation and generated tax revenues. Wealthier areas can fund superior service levels whereas impoverished regions face difficulties providing fundamental needs which creates unfair service distribution against social justice principles. The race to the bottom critique of decentralization describes how jurisdictions engage in competitive behavior with each other. Local governments might reduce taxes or ease regulations to draw businesses and residents yet this approach can undermine public service quality and long-term infrastructure and social program investments. The prioritization of immediate gains in this competition creates a destructive cycle that diminishes progress toward widespread societal objectives Maggs, G.E. (2016).

    The interplay between Tiebout’s hypothesis and public choice theory reflects the inherent tension within fiscal federalism: Fiscal federalism experiences inherent tension between Tiebout’s hypothesis and public choice theory because it demands a balance between efficiency and accountability on one hand and equity and coordination on the other. Although decentralization and intergovernmental competition produce innovation and responsiveness their effectiveness depends on implementing safeguards to avoid disparities and inefficiencies. Federal and state authorities typically fulfill a redistributive function by supplying financial aid and grants to economically disadvantaged areas to correct resource and service delivery disparities.

    **Mechanisms of Fiscal Federalism**

    Through multiple mechanisms, fiscal federalism distributes resources and shapes policy while fostering federal-state-local government cooperation. The federal government uses these tools to direct state and local policies while providing sufficient financial support for their execution. The three main tools of fiscal federalism that define intergovernmental fiscal relationships are grants-in-aid programs which provide financial support to states and localities along with revenue-sharing schemes that distribute federal funds to lower levels of government based on formulas and federal mandates that compel state and local governments to comply with federal requirements Burke, B. F. (2014). Fiscal federalism relies heavily on grants-in-aid which function as federal funding provided to state and local governments. These financial mechanisms focus on particular policy domains but also let federal authorities shape regional government agendas. Grants-in-aid fall into two major categories: The funding system known as grants-in-aid is split into two distinct groups: categorical grants and block grants which both offer unique attributes and governance impacts.

    Federal money in the form of categorical grants is given to states and local governments for particular uses including education and transportation projects and public health initiatives. Funding through these grants comes with comprehensive federal requirements and supervision which guarantees proper utilization of the funds. Title I funding from the federal government supports disadvantaged students through financial assistance which operates under specific goals and standards. Categorical grants create standardization and oversight but restrict local and state authority. When states receive these grants they must follow rigorous federal rules which can lead to administrative challenges or limit customization to local conditions. States need to follow federal safety and environmental rules when they use highway funding from the Federal-Aid Highway Program but these federal rules do not always match local priorities.

    Unlike categorical grants that impose strict federal guidelines, state and local governments receive more freedom in fund allocation with block grants. Governments can use these grants to create programs for welfare, healthcare, and community development which are customized to their specific population needs and circumstances. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program stands as a prime illustration of a block grant. The TANF program funds low-income family assistance at the state level while granting states broad discretion in fund allocation decisions. States have the flexibility to use TANF funding for childcare services or job training programs and direct monetary support based on their specific needs and priorities. Block grants allow states to innovate but critics point out that without federal monitoring programs may result in varying quality and outcomes between states.

    Revenue-sharing programs function as a fiscal federalism method that gives states and local governments unrestricted funds to meet their varied needs free from federal restrictions. The General Revenue Sharing (GRS) program made this mechanism highly popular during the 1970s because it sought to give state and local governments more freedom to use federal money as they saw fit. Federal funds in revenue-sharing programs are allocated through formulas evaluating population size and economic necessity. Revenue-sharing funds differ from categorical and block grants because they impose few restrictions which enables recipient governments to direct resources according to their specific local needs. Cities may choose to fund public transportation upgrades through revenue-sharing funds whereas rural counties might allocate those funds to agricultural development or infrastructure projects. Although revenue sharing had advantages it was criticized due to insufficient mechanisms for accountability and oversight. Critics said that without federal guidelines funds could not be guaranteed to be used effectively or equitably. In response to these issues revenue-sharing programs were eliminated during the 1980s and replaced with more focused grant systems that prioritize accountability and compliance.

    Federal mandates compel state and local governments to follow national standards or enact particular policies. Federal mandates can come with financial support from the national government to assist states in implementation costs or as unfunded mandates which place the implementation financial burden on states themselves. Funded mandates allow federal policies to be implemented with financial assistance from the federal government to help state and local governments reduce their financial responsibilities. The Clean Water Act contains funded mandates which distribute grants to states specifically for constructing wastewater treatment plants to meet federal environmental standards. States must carry out federal policies through unfunded mandates which do not offer any financial assistance. State and local governments face substantial financial and administrative burdens when they need to reallocate resources from other priorities to meet federal requirements. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2003 stands as a prime example of an unfunded mandate by obligating states to carry out wide-scale educational changes such as standardized testing and accountability protocols without adequate federal financial support. According to critics underfunded school districts faced increased financial burdens when trying to meet NCLB requirements which contributed to widening education disparities.

    The tools of fiscal federalism such as grants-in-aid along with revenue sharing and mandates demonstrate how intergovernmental fiscal relationships operate dynamically and intricately. According to Feely and Rubin these instruments allow the federal government to guide state and local policies but lead to significant concerns over autonomy and equitable accountability. Balancing Federal and State Roles, categorical grants and mandates extend federal control yet limit local creativity while block grants and revenue sharing support state autonomy but risk creating inconsistent policy results. Administrative Complexity: State and local governments need extensive administrative resources to manage federal funds which involves meeting complex reporting and auditing standards but smaller governments might find these requirements challenging. Equity Concerns: Political and economic factors influence how federal funds are allocated which leads to questions about whether all regions and populations receive equitable distribution of resources. Fiscal federalism mechanisms operate as essential components of United States governance through their facilitation of cooperative resource-sharing between federal and state and local governments.

    The federal government affects policy priorities and supports lower government levels by using grants-in-aid together with revenue-sharing programs and mandates. The development and execution of fiscal federalism tools require federal authorities to maintain oversight but also respect state and local independence so public services achieve both efficiency and fairness. The ongoing evolution of fiscal federalism requires policymakers to tackle its fundamental challenges in order to develop sustainable governance systems that can respond to a complex global interconnection. The Constitution rights and principles remain unaffected by federalism according to Justice Thomas. Thomas Jefferson experienced a moment of clarity when he wrote “All men are created equal” during the founding of our nation according to him. As in Genesis 1: The fundamental laws of federal and state governments must maintain equality for all citizens just as scripture commands in Genesis 1:27 where God created humans in His image.

    **Federalism Medical System**

    The 2012 Supreme Court ruling in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius significantly altered Medicaid expansion plans. The Supreme Court ruling in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012) altered the path of Medicaid expansion. The Supreme Court confirmed the legality of ACA’s individual mandate but found unconstitutional the requirement for states to expand Medicaid in order to receive existing federal Medicaid benefits. States received the option to expand Medicaid because of the Supreme Court decision which preserved their choice to participate.

    Medicaid expansion was implemented differently across the United States following this legal decision. States which decided to broaden their Medicaid programs experienced substantial growth in health insurance coverage for low-income individuals with adults from coverage gaps benefiting most. States which expanded Medicaid achieved improved preventive care access while reducing hospital uncompensated care costs and receiving economic advantages through federal funds. California and New York moved rapidly to adopt Medicaid expansion which resulted in decreased uninsured rates and enhanced public health results.

    According to John D. Mueller, says the states that chose not to expand Medicaid usually pointed to ideological or financial concerns but encountered separate consequences as a result. Opponents in states that did not adopt Medicaid expansion believed that federal assistance would not prevent eventual financial strain on state budgets. Millions of low-income Americans remained uninsured because their states chose not to expand Medicaid which left them earning too little to receive federal subsidies through the ACA insurance marketplaces. Texas and Florida drew continuing disapproval because their initial resistance to Medicaid expansion left large segments of their populations without affordable healthcare access.

    **The Challenges**

    States with stronger economic capacities create horizontal fiscal disparities because their wealth enables them to provide superior public services which in turn intensifies regional inequality. Vertical fiscal imbalances develop when the federal government collects most tax revenues but states manage substantial expenses which forces them to depend on intergovernmental transfers. State and local governments face financial strain from unfunded mandates that force them to carry out federal policies without adequate monetary support which leads to reduced public services. The overlapping duties among federal, state, and local governments generate ambiguity about accountability which confuses citizens about which governmental level should be held responsible for different outcomes. Federalism functions through consistent adjustments to emerging challenges supported by shared commitments to both fairness and responsibility. The principles of fiscal federalism will continue to promote the well-being of all Americans when supported by effective policies and cooperative governance Jr, Lynn, Laurene E. (2013).

    **Conclusion**

    The essential function of fiscal federalism in American governance demonstrates the nationwide attempt to balance united objectives with diverse local needs. Allocation of financial responsibilities across federal, state, and local governments ensures efficient public service delivery that meets the specific requirements of diverse communities. The effectiveness of fiscal federalism rests upon its ability to adjust to emerging challenges while maintaining an equilibrium between national objectives and local autonomy
    **.**

    **References**

    Agranoff, R. (2017). Crossing boundaries for intergovernmental management. Washington,

    D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN: 9781626164802.

    Bulman-Pozen, J. (2012). Federalism as a Safeguard of the Separation of Powers.
    _Columbia_

    _Law School_. VOL. 112, P. 459, 2012 (2012).

    Burke, B. F. (2014). Understanding Intergovernmental Relations, Twenty-five Years Hence. State & Local Government Review, 46(1), 63–76.
    [http://www.jstor.org/stable/24639039](http://www.jstor.org/stable/24639039)

    Dye, T. R. (1990). The policy consequences of intergovernmental competition. Cato Journal, 10(1), 59-74.

    Feeley, M.M. & Rubin, E. FEDERALISM: POLITICAL IDENTITY AND TRAGIC

    COMPROMISE. Ann Arbor, MI:
    _University of Michigan Press_, 2008. 238pp.

    John D. Mueller, Redeeming Economics: Rediscovering the Missing Element (ISI Books, 2010).

    Jr, Lynn, Laurene E. (2013). American “Broken Government:” What Would James Madison

    Say?Sage Publications, 45 (5), 610-624
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713497989](https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713497989)

    King James Bible. (2022).
    _King James Bible Online_. https://
    [www.kingjamesbibleonline.org](http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/)

    Maggs, G.E. (2016). Justice Thomas on Federalism.
    _George Washington University_.

    https://justicethomas.com/justice-thomas-on-federalism

  • [Solved] Business Finance – Accounting week 3 homework

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    [>Accounting homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-accounting) week 3 accounting chapter 9 – a year ago

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    – a year ago **files (2)** – ## Book9.docx – ## Book9pt2.docx **## Book9.docx** Scenario You are a former pilot, and you are now the controller of a division of TransGlobal Airlines, a large organization that operates a fleet of corporate jets for charter at several airports in the southeast part of…

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    **files (2)**

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    Scenario

    You are a former pilot, and you are now the controller of a division of TransGlobal Airlines, a large organization that operates a fleet of corporate jets for charter at several airports in the southeast part of the United States. Your division’s private charter clients include several Fortune 500 companies in the region. The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has informed you that the company is considering the acquisition of two smaller aviation firms in the region specializing in chartered flights for luxury vacations using light aircraft (60 passengers or less). The CFO has tasked you with assessing the organizational benefits of acquiring these aviation firms. The CFO intends to develop a new business plan for the organization if your analysis recommends moving forward with the acquisition.

    After an initial assessment, the company has shortlisted two airlines, Company A and Company B, to examine further for acquisition. To understand all aspects of the two airlines under consideration, you have visited each proposed site to assess their performance. The assessment included creating a balanced scorecard for each airline with all four components, financial, internal processes, customers/market, and learning and growth, that will impact the acquisition of each firm.

    The CFO has asked you to generate two scenarios for the proposed acquisition based on your analysis and governing or predictive assumptions. They include a worst-case scenario that considers the most serious outcomes that could occur if anticipated targets and assumptions are dramatically wrong and a best-case scenario if anticipated targets and assumptions significantly exceed forecasts.

    Based on your assessment and analysis of the companies in Milestones One and Two, you will create and deliver a PowerPoint presentation for senior management’s review and analysis. You will also write an executive summary with your recommendations for the leadership team.

    Directions

    **Part 1: Presentation** Record and submit a narrated PowerPoint presentation to share your analysis and recommendations for the proposed acquisitions. Use your data and analysis, along with feedback received from the milestone assignments, to complete your presentation.

    **Note:** Remember to use both on-slide text and narration or speaker notes in your PowerPoint presentation to convey your information effectively. If narration is not possible, precise and extensive speaker notes are required while addressing all of the rubric elements in the presentation. For example, you can use brief, bulleted lists on the slide and include detailed explanations in your narration or speaker notes. A resource is provided under Supporting Materials to help you record your presentation. If you are unable to submit a presentation with narration, be sure to include detailed speaker notes with your submission.

    1.
    **Overview**

    A.
    **Situation Analysis of TransGlobal Airlines (parent company):** Use the information from the Supporting Materials section to highlight the parent company’s current business environment.

    i. Internal environment: culture, leadership, internal processes, human resources, operations, and financial performance

    ii. External environment: competitive, market, regulatory, customers, suppliers, and other relevant stakeholders

    B.
    **Acquisition Rationale:** Explain why your company is planning to acquire these airlines. What strategic objectives will the acquisition meet? How might the acquisition support TransGlobal’s bigger-picture goals?

    C.
    **Proposed Acquisitions:** Using the resources provided in the Supporting Materials section, provide an overview of the two companies under consideration to be acquired. Include the following information for each company:

    i. Location, size, and age of the firm

    ii. Customer segment and target market

    iii. Major competitors

    iv. Company leadership

    v. Current financial and market status

    2.
    **Analysis**

    A.
    **Analysis of Company A:** Present your data and analysis of Company A. Include the following in your analysis:

    i.
    **Balanced scorecard data**: Share the balanced scorecard for Company A. Copy and paste the relevant sections from your Milestone One spreadsheet. The balanced scorecard should highlight key performance indicators (KPIs), such as net profit, annual growth, and market share, and include the four components:

    a.
    **Financial**: Complete the financial section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most impactful KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    b.
    **Internal processes:** Complete the internal processes section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    c.
    **Customers/market:** Complete the customers/market section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    d.
    **Learning and growth:** Complete the learning and growth section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    ii.
    **Balanced scorecard analysis**: Describe your analysis of Company A’s performance based on its balanced scorecard components. Perform a cost-benefit-risk analysis to explain whether the benefits justify the costs of acquisition.

    a.
    **Opportunity cost:** What will it cost to move forward with this opportunity?

    b.
    **Risk:** Identify and explain the magnitude (low, medium, or high) of the risks this acquisition poses to the parent company related to its market, financial, cultural, and operational environments.

    B.
    **Analysis of Company B:** Present your data and analysis of Company B. Include the following in your analysis:

    i.
    **Balanced Scorecard Data**: Share the balanced scorecard of Company B and highlight some KPIs, such as net profit, annual growth, and market share. Copy and paste the relevant sections from your Milestone One spreadsheet. The balanced scorecard should highlight KPIs, such as net profit, annual growth, and market share, and include the four components:

    a.
    **Financial**: Complete the financial section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most impactful KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    b.
    **Internal processes:** Complete the internal processes section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    c.
    **Customers/market:** Complete the customers/market section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant two KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    d.
    **Learning and growth:** Complete the learning and growth section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    ii.
    **Balanced scorecard analysis**: Perform a cost-benefit-risk analysis for Company B based on its balanced scorecard components to explain whether the benefits justify the costs of acquisition.

    2.

    1.
    **Opportunity cost:** What will it cost to move forward with this opportunity?

    1.
    **Risk:** Identify and explain the magnitude (low, medium, or high) of the risks this acquisition poses to the parent company as related to its market, financial, cultural, and operational environments.

    3.
    **Proposal**

    A.
    **Recommendation:** Recommend whether TransGlobal Airlines should acquire one or both companies.

    B.
    **Rationale:** Justify how your recommendation supports the company’s strategic objectives. This includes one or more of its financial, market, competitive, and cultural objectives.

    C.
    **Assumptions**: Explain how your acquisition recommendation will impact the company’s success in the following scenarios:

    i.
    **A worst-case scenario** that considers the most serious outcomes that could occur if anticipated targets and assumptions are dramatically wrong

    ii.
    **A best-case scenario** that considers outcomes that significantly exceed anticipated targets and assumptions

    **Part 2: Executive Summary** Submit a Word document summarizing your analysis and recommendations for both companies.

    A.
    **Situation assessment**: Briefly summarize your company’s current internal and external business environments and the rationale for acquisition.

    B.
    **Data and analysis**: Provide a brief overview of the two airlines under consideration, including your findings and analysis from your balanced scorecards.

    C.
    **Recommendation**: Justify your recommendation for the acquisition and explain how it supports the company’s objectives.

    What to Submit

    **Acquisition Proposal Presentation**
    Using the instructions provided under Supporting Materials below, submit a recorded PowerPoint presentation with 10–12 slides. Sources should be cited and listed on a separate reference page according to APA style.

    **Executive Summary** Submit a 3- to 4-page Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins.

    **## Book9pt2.docx**

    Overview

    Companies that are innovative must make sure their organization is structured in a way that supports innovation. A key component of innovation is keeping track of what customers want in terms of products and services. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to develop an innovation strategy and a plan for moving the strategy forward.

    Scenario

    You work as a middle manager for one of the top U.S. producers of luxury and mass-market automobiles and trucks.

    The chief technology officer (CTO) of your company has been watching new technology developments that the company could integrate into its vehicles to enhance the usefulness of and access to the data acquired by the many digital sensors that have been integrated into vehicle subsystems over the past 20–30 years. The technology trend of particular interest is the internet of things (IoT)—the interconnection of embedded devices, such as sensors and computers, over the internet. By taking advantage of this trend, the CTO believes the company can seize an opportunity to provide better service and predictive maintenance to its customers, improving customer satisfaction and adding additional revenue streams.

    Based on briefings by the CTO, senior management has decided to implement IoT in its product line. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to take this initiative forward. Your first task is to make a recommendation for how the company should approach this business problem. Do you recommend using incremental or discontinuous (that is, slow or fast) innovation? Specifically:

    Should the company…

    A. Design a completely new product line, based on the new technology (discontinuous innovation)

    or

    B. Add new technology features into one model and then incrementally into the broader product line (incremental innovation)

    The recommendation you and your team make is an important first step in pursuing this new technology.

    In Milestone One, you and your team defined what that IoT innovation looked like: would it be discontinuous (new product line) or incremental (new features in one existing product)?

    In Milestone Two, you developed a strategy plan and a high-level business model. You shared these with various stakeholders, and they agree with your assessment of how best to get this IoT innovation to market, which will help the company stay competitive.

    Now, the CTO has asked you to propose an organizational structure that will support the innovation implementation. In this way, you will be assisting in making innovation sustainable in your company.

    Directions

    Your final project includes three parts. You will use your slides from Milestone One and your document from Milestone Two to complete the first two parts of the project. In Part Three, you will focus on your organization’s structure and culture. You should incorporate the feedback you received on your milestone submissions and add it to your initial research to maximize the quality of your final project submission. It is important to remember that "Proficient" was the highest possible rating for the Milestone One and Milestone Two rubric criteria. Revising the work done in your milestone assignments allows you to enhance your final project submission and aim for "Exceeds Expectations" ratings across the final project rubric criteria.

    Use the resources that you referenced in your previously submitted assignments to support your work on the project.

    **Part One: Innovation Approach** In this section, share your revised slides from Milestone One and make your recommendation for the innovation approach you think the company should pursue.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Explain potential risks and benefits for Options A, discontinuous innovation, and B, incremental innovation.

    A.
    **Overview** (1 slide): Present the business problem and an overview of Options A and B.

    A.
    **Option A** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option A.

    A.
    **Option B** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option B.

    2. Evaluate your competitors’ products, services, growth, and market strength.

    B.
    **Competitors**: Dedicate at least one slide to each competitor.

    1. What products and services
    with IoT or similar technology are your competitors offering?

    1.
    Do the products and services offered by each competitor give them a competitive edge in the market?

    1.
    How does each competitor’s growth impact its market strength?

    3. Analyze your
    **company’s capability** to pursue the IoT innovation.

    C. Complete a partial gap analysis (2 slides):

    1. Does your company already own the IoT technology, or does it need to be purchased?

    1. How is the IoT technology currently being used in your company’s existing products and services?

    1. What types of technology are available to purchase?

    4.
    **Recommend** the innovation approach your company should pursue.

    D. Innovation Approach (2–3 slides): Explain which innovation approach you are recommending and why.

    D. Consider how different stakeholders (research and development [R&D], marketing, finance) may be impacted while communicating your recommendations and justification.

    ii. Include a description of the incremental or discontinuous product(s) you are recommending for R&D.

    ii. Include the sales forecasts for marketing so that they can plan how and when they will promote the new product(s).

    ii. Include a financial snapshot of the costs, potential profits, and risks for the finance team.

    **Part Two: Strategic Plan** In this section, share your revised paper from Milestone Two, which provides an overview of your competitors’ position in the marketplace, the available and future marketplace, and a plan for how to address a change in business conditions.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Analyze the
    **competitors’ relative strengths** in the marketplace. Use Power BI to create charts on the growth rates.

    A. Write a short paragraph describing the growth rate of each competitor based on the data included in the comparative growth data sheet.

    B. How much of the market does each competitor now own? Do you see a trend of gaining or losing market share? Present your findings using the comparative growth data sheet and Power BI.

    i. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    ii. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of connected cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    C. Determine each competitor’s financial strength by looking at their comparative growth data.

    2. Explain how your
    **company’s market share** compares to your competitors’.

    A. Is your company gaining or losing market share from 2020 to 2030? Expand on the analysis done in Task 1 above and explain the major factors behind the change in market share.

    B. What is your company's growth potential in the industry?

    C. How do your company's financials look compared to your competitors'?

    3. Identify
    **future potential total available market (TAM)** and growth for chosen product/service and technology.

    A. What is the global TAM for annual cars and light trucks in 2020, in billions?

    B. What is the global TAM for IoT-connected cars and light trucks in billions?

    C. What is the projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for cars and light trucks?

    D. What is the CAGR for IoT-connected cars and light trucks?

    4. Identify ways to adjust if
    **business conditions change.**

    A. What strategies can you implement if your customers are slow to purchase the innovation?

    B. What actions can you take if one competitor is overtaking all the others, including your company?

    5. Describe the steps your company needs to take from
    **concept** outline
    **to launch.**

    A. What is the size and scope of development required to successfully launch the IoT innovation?

    B. Will you require additional capital and personnel to support the development and the launch?

    C. How would you approach determining the timeline from the beginning of development until initial product launch?

    v. Consider key milestones, relevant metrics, project phases, and any tools or methods you would use for measuring progress.

    **Part Three: Organizational Structure and Culture Report** Based on your analysis of your organization’s structure and culture, share recommendations for changing your organization’s structure and culture to be more conducive to innovation.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Describe the current
    **organizational structure’s impact** on innovation.

    A. How does your company's organizational structure support or hinder the innovation?

    B. How effective is the current structure in addressing changes in market demand?

    2. Recommend changes to the
    **current organizational structure.**

    A. How will the new structure support innovation?

    B. How will your recommended changes make the enterprise more responsive to market demand?

    3. Explain how
    **organizational changes support a culture of innovation.**

    A. In what ways does the current culture work against innovation?

    B. How does the new structure support a culture of innovation?

    What to Submit

    To complete this project, you must submit the following:

    I.
    **Innovation Approach Presentation**
    Submit a 10- to 13-slide PowerPoint presentation with detailed speaker notes that highlight the important points you want to emphasize to senior management on your recommendation for an innovation approach. Use the feedback you received on Milestone One to revise your original presentation. Remember to use both on-slide text and narration or speaker notes in your PowerPoint slides to convey your information effectively. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    II.
    **Strategic Plan Report**
    Submit a 4- to 7-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    III.
    **Organizational Structure and Culture Report**
    Submit a 5- to 8-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    **## Book9pt2.docx**

    Overview

    Companies that are innovative must make sure their organization is structured in a way that supports innovation. A key component of innovation is keeping track of what customers want in terms of products and services. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to develop an innovation strategy and a plan for moving the strategy forward.

    Scenario

    You work as a middle manager for one of the top U.S. producers of luxury and mass-market automobiles and trucks.

    The chief technology officer (CTO) of your company has been watching new technology developments that the company could integrate into its vehicles to enhance the usefulness of and access to the data acquired by the many digital sensors that have been integrated into vehicle subsystems over the past 20–30 years. The technology trend of particular interest is the internet of things (IoT)—the interconnection of embedded devices, such as sensors and computers, over the internet. By taking advantage of this trend, the CTO believes the company can seize an opportunity to provide better service and predictive maintenance to its customers, improving customer satisfaction and adding additional revenue streams.

    Based on briefings by the CTO, senior management has decided to implement IoT in its product line. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to take this initiative forward. Your first task is to make a recommendation for how the company should approach this business problem. Do you recommend using incremental or discontinuous (that is, slow or fast) innovation? Specifically:

    Should the company…

    A. Design a completely new product line, based on the new technology (discontinuous innovation)

    or

    B. Add new technology features into one model and then incrementally into the broader product line (incremental innovation)

    The recommendation you and your team make is an important first step in pursuing this new technology.

    In Milestone One, you and your team defined what that IoT innovation looked like: would it be discontinuous (new product line) or incremental (new features in one existing product)?

    In Milestone Two, you developed a strategy plan and a high-level business model. You shared these with various stakeholders, and they agree with your assessment of how best to get this IoT innovation to market, which will help the company stay competitive.

    Now, the CTO has asked you to propose an organizational structure that will support the innovation implementation. In this way, you will be assisting in making innovation sustainable in your company.

    Directions

    Your final project includes three parts. You will use your slides from Milestone One and your document from Milestone Two to complete the first two parts of the project. In Part Three, you will focus on your organization’s structure and culture. You should incorporate the feedback you received on your milestone submissions and add it to your initial research to maximize the quality of your final project submission. It is important to remember that "Proficient" was the highest possible rating for the Milestone One and Milestone Two rubric criteria. Revising the work done in your milestone assignments allows you to enhance your final project submission and aim for "Exceeds Expectations" ratings across the final project rubric criteria.

    Use the resources that you referenced in your previously submitted assignments to support your work on the project.

    **Part One: Innovation Approach** In this section, share your revised slides from Milestone One and make your recommendation for the innovation approach you think the company should pursue.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Explain potential risks and benefits for Options A, discontinuous innovation, and B, incremental innovation.

    A.
    **Overview** (1 slide): Present the business problem and an overview of Options A and B.

    A.
    **Option A** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option A.

    A.
    **Option B** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option B.

    2. Evaluate your competitors’ products, services, growth, and market strength.

    B.
    **Competitors**: Dedicate at least one slide to each competitor.

    1. What products and services
    with IoT or similar technology are your competitors offering?

    1.
    Do the products and services offered by each competitor give them a competitive edge in the market?

    1.
    How does each competitor’s growth impact its market strength?

    3. Analyze your
    **company’s capability** to pursue the IoT innovation.

    C. Complete a partial gap analysis (2 slides):

    1. Does your company already own the IoT technology, or does it need to be purchased?

    1. How is the IoT technology currently being used in your company’s existing products and services?

    1. What types of technology are available to purchase?

    4.
    **Recommend** the innovation approach your company should pursue.

    D. Innovation Approach (2–3 slides): Explain which innovation approach you are recommending and why.

    D. Consider how different stakeholders (research and development [R&D], marketing, finance) may be impacted while communicating your recommendations and justification.

    ii. Include a description of the incremental or discontinuous product(s) you are recommending for R&D.

    ii. Include the sales forecasts for marketing so that they can plan how and when they will promote the new product(s).

    ii. Include a financial snapshot of the costs, potential profits, and risks for the finance team.

    **Part Two: Strategic Plan** In this section, share your revised paper from Milestone Two, which provides an overview of your competitors’ position in the marketplace, the available and future marketplace, and a plan for how to address a change in business conditions.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Analyze the
    **competitors’ relative strengths** in the marketplace. Use Power BI to create charts on the growth rates.

    A. Write a short paragraph describing the growth rate of each competitor based on the data included in the comparative growth data sheet.

    B. How much of the market does each competitor now own? Do you see a trend of gaining or losing market share? Present your findings using the comparative growth data sheet and Power BI.

    i. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    ii. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of connected cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    C. Determine each competitor’s financial strength by looking at their comparative growth data.

    2. Explain how your
    **company’s market share** compares to your competitors’.

    A. Is your company gaining or losing market share from 2020 to 2030? Expand on the analysis done in Task 1 above and explain the major factors behind the change in market share.

    B. What is your company's growth potential in the industry?

    C. How do your company's financials look compared to your competitors'?

    3. Identify
    **future potential total available market (TAM)** and growth for chosen product/service and technology.

    A. What is the global TAM for annual cars and light trucks in 2020, in billions?

    B. What is the global TAM for IoT-connected cars and light trucks in billions?

    C. What is the projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for cars and light trucks?

    D. What is the CAGR for IoT-connected cars and light trucks?

    4. Identify ways to adjust if
    **business conditions change.**

    A. What strategies can you implement if your customers are slow to purchase the innovation?

    B. What actions can you take if one competitor is overtaking all the others, including your company?

    5. Describe the steps your company needs to take from
    **concept** outline
    **to launch.**

    A. What is the size and scope of development required to successfully launch the IoT innovation?

    B. Will you require additional capital and personnel to support the development and the launch?

    C. How would you approach determining the timeline from the beginning of development until initial product launch?

    v. Consider key milestones, relevant metrics, project phases, and any tools or methods you would use for measuring progress.

    **Part Three: Organizational Structure and Culture Report** Based on your analysis of your organization’s structure and culture, share recommendations for changing your organization’s structure and culture to be more conducive to innovation.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Describe the current
    **organizational structure’s impact** on innovation.

    A. How does your company's organizational structure support or hinder the innovation?

    B. How effective is the current structure in addressing changes in market demand?

    2. Recommend changes to the
    **current organizational structure.**

    A. How will the new structure support innovation?

    B. How will your recommended changes make the enterprise more responsive to market demand?

    3. Explain how
    **organizational changes support a culture of innovation.**

    A. In what ways does the current culture work against innovation?

    B. How does the new structure support a culture of innovation?

    What to Submit

    To complete this project, you must submit the following:

    I.
    **Innovation Approach Presentation**
    Submit a 10- to 13-slide PowerPoint presentation with detailed speaker notes that highlight the important points you want to emphasize to senior management on your recommendation for an innovation approach. Use the feedback you received on Milestone One to revise your original presentation. Remember to use both on-slide text and narration or speaker notes in your PowerPoint slides to convey your information effectively. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    II.
    **Strategic Plan Report**
    Submit a 4- to 7-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    III.
    **Organizational Structure and Culture Report**
    Submit a 5- to 8-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    **## Book9.docx**

    Scenario

    You are a former pilot, and you are now the controller of a division of TransGlobal Airlines, a large organization that operates a fleet of corporate jets for charter at several airports in the southeast part of the United States. Your division’s private charter clients include several Fortune 500 companies in the region. The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has informed you that the company is considering the acquisition of two smaller aviation firms in the region specializing in chartered flights for luxury vacations using light aircraft (60 passengers or less). The CFO has tasked you with assessing the organizational benefits of acquiring these aviation firms. The CFO intends to develop a new business plan for the organization if your analysis recommends moving forward with the acquisition.

    After an initial assessment, the company has shortlisted two airlines, Company A and Company B, to examine further for acquisition. To understand all aspects of the two airlines under consideration, you have visited each proposed site to assess their performance. The assessment included creating a balanced scorecard for each airline with all four components, financial, internal processes, customers/market, and learning and growth, that will impact the acquisition of each firm.

    The CFO has asked you to generate two scenarios for the proposed acquisition based on your analysis and governing or predictive assumptions. They include a worst-case scenario that considers the most serious outcomes that could occur if anticipated targets and assumptions are dramatically wrong and a best-case scenario if anticipated targets and assumptions significantly exceed forecasts.

    Based on your assessment and analysis of the companies in Milestones One and Two, you will create and deliver a PowerPoint presentation for senior management’s review and analysis. You will also write an executive summary with your recommendations for the leadership team.

    Directions

    **Part 1: Presentation** Record and submit a narrated PowerPoint presentation to share your analysis and recommendations for the proposed acquisitions. Use your data and analysis, along with feedback received from the milestone assignments, to complete your presentation.

    **Note:** Remember to use both on-slide text and narration or speaker notes in your PowerPoint presentation to convey your information effectively. If narration is not possible, precise and extensive speaker notes are required while addressing all of the rubric elements in the presentation. For example, you can use brief, bulleted lists on the slide and include detailed explanations in your narration or speaker notes. A resource is provided under Supporting Materials to help you record your presentation. If you are unable to submit a presentation with narration, be sure to include detailed speaker notes with your submission.

    1.
    **Overview**

    A.
    **Situation Analysis of TransGlobal Airlines (parent company):** Use the information from the Supporting Materials section to highlight the parent company’s current business environment.

    i. Internal environment: culture, leadership, internal processes, human resources, operations, and financial performance

    ii. External environment: competitive, market, regulatory, customers, suppliers, and other relevant stakeholders

    B.
    **Acquisition Rationale:** Explain why your company is planning to acquire these airlines. What strategic objectives will the acquisition meet? How might the acquisition support TransGlobal’s bigger-picture goals?

    C.
    **Proposed Acquisitions:** Using the resources provided in the Supporting Materials section, provide an overview of the two companies under consideration to be acquired. Include the following information for each company:

    i. Location, size, and age of the firm

    ii. Customer segment and target market

    iii. Major competitors

    iv. Company leadership

    v. Current financial and market status

    2.
    **Analysis**

    A.
    **Analysis of Company A:** Present your data and analysis of Company A. Include the following in your analysis:

    i.
    **Balanced scorecard data**: Share the balanced scorecard for Company A. Copy and paste the relevant sections from your Milestone One spreadsheet. The balanced scorecard should highlight key performance indicators (KPIs), such as net profit, annual growth, and market share, and include the four components:

    a.
    **Financial**: Complete the financial section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most impactful KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    b.
    **Internal processes:** Complete the internal processes section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    c.
    **Customers/market:** Complete the customers/market section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    d.
    **Learning and growth:** Complete the learning and growth section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    ii.
    **Balanced scorecard analysis**: Describe your analysis of Company A’s performance based on its balanced scorecard components. Perform a cost-benefit-risk analysis to explain whether the benefits justify the costs of acquisition.

    a.
    **Opportunity cost:** What will it cost to move forward with this opportunity?

    b.
    **Risk:** Identify and explain the magnitude (low, medium, or high) of the risks this acquisition poses to the parent company related to its market, financial, cultural, and operational environments.

    B.
    **Analysis of Company B:** Present your data and analysis of Company B. Include the following in your analysis:

    i.
    **Balanced Scorecard Data**: Share the balanced scorecard of Company B and highlight some KPIs, such as net profit, annual growth, and market share. Copy and paste the relevant sections from your Milestone One spreadsheet. The balanced scorecard should highlight KPIs, such as net profit, annual growth, and market share, and include the four components:

    a.
    **Financial**: Complete the financial section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most impactful KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    b.
    **Internal processes:** Complete the internal processes section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    c.
    **Customers/market:** Complete the customers/market section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant two KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    d.
    **Learning and growth:** Complete the learning and growth section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    ii.
    **Balanced scorecard analysis**: Perform a cost-benefit-risk analysis for Company B based on its balanced scorecard components to explain whether the benefits justify the costs of acquisition.

    2.

    1.
    **Opportunity cost:** What will it cost to move forward with this opportunity?

    1.
    **Risk:** Identify and explain the magnitude (low, medium, or high) of the risks this acquisition poses to the parent company as related to its market, financial, cultural, and operational environments.

    3.
    **Proposal**

    A.
    **Recommendation:** Recommend whether TransGlobal Airlines should acquire one or both companies.

    B.
    **Rationale:** Justify how your recommendation supports the company’s strategic objectives. This includes one or more of its financial, market, competitive, and cultural objectives.

    C.
    **Assumptions**: Explain how your acquisition recommendation will impact the company’s success in the following scenarios:

    i.
    **A worst-case scenario** that considers the most serious outcomes that could occur if anticipated targets and assumptions are dramatically wrong

    ii.
    **A best-case scenario** that considers outcomes that significantly exceed anticipated targets and assumptions

    **Part 2: Executive Summary** Submit a Word document summarizing your analysis and recommendations for both companies.

    A.
    **Situation assessment**: Briefly summarize your company’s current internal and external business environments and the rationale for acquisition.

    B.
    **Data and analysis**: Provide a brief overview of the two airlines under consideration, including your findings and analysis from your balanced scorecards.

    C.
    **Recommendation**: Justify your recommendation for the acquisition and explain how it supports the company’s objectives.

    What to Submit

    **Acquisition Proposal Presentation**
    Using the instructions provided under Supporting Materials below, submit a recorded PowerPoint presentation with 10–12 slides. Sources should be cited and listed on a separate reference page according to APA style.

    **Executive Summary** Submit a 3- to 4-page Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins.

    **## Book9pt2.docx**

    Overview

    Companies that are innovative must make sure their organization is structured in a way that supports innovation. A key component of innovation is keeping track of what customers want in terms of products and services. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to develop an innovation strategy and a plan for moving the strategy forward.

    Scenario

    You work as a middle manager for one of the top U.S. producers of luxury and mass-market automobiles and trucks.

    The chief technology officer (CTO) of your company has been watching new technology developments that the company could integrate into its vehicles to enhance the usefulness of and access to the data acquired by the many digital sensors that have been integrated into vehicle subsystems over the past 20–30 years. The technology trend of particular interest is the internet of things (IoT)—the interconnection of embedded devices, such as sensors and computers, over the internet. By taking advantage of this trend, the CTO believes the company can seize an opportunity to provide better service and predictive maintenance to its customers, improving customer satisfaction and adding additional revenue streams.

    Based on briefings by the CTO, senior management has decided to implement IoT in its product line. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to take this initiative forward. Your first task is to make a recommendation for how the company should approach this business problem. Do you recommend using incremental or discontinuous (that is, slow or fast) innovation? Specifically:

    Should the company…

    A. Design a completely new product line, based on the new technology (discontinuous innovation)

    or

    B. Add new technology features into one model and then incrementally into the broader product line (incremental innovation)

    The recommendation you and your team make is an important first step in pursuing this new technology.

    In Milestone One, you and your team defined what that IoT innovation looked like: would it be discontinuous (new product line) or incremental (new features in one existing product)?

    In Milestone Two, you developed a strategy plan and a high-level business model. You shared these with various stakeholders, and they agree with your assessment of how best to get this IoT innovation to market, which will help the company stay competitive.

    Now, the CTO has asked you to propose an organizational structure that will support the innovation implementation. In this way, you will be assisting in making innovation sustainable in your company.

    Directions

    Your final project includes three parts. You will use your slides from Milestone One and your document from Milestone Two to complete the first two parts of the project. In Part Three, you will focus on your organization’s structure and culture. You should incorporate the feedback you received on your milestone submissions and add it to your initial research to maximize the quality of your final project submission. It is important to remember that "Proficient" was the highest possible rating for the Milestone One and Milestone Two rubric criteria. Revising the work done in your milestone assignments allows you to enhance your final project submission and aim for "Exceeds Expectations" ratings across the final project rubric criteria.

    Use the resources that you referenced in your previously submitted assignments to support your work on the project.

    **Part One: Innovation Approach** In this section, share your revised slides from Milestone One and make your recommendation for the innovation approach you think the company should pursue.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Explain potential risks and benefits for Options A, discontinuous innovation, and B, incremental innovation.

    A.
    **Overview** (1 slide): Present the business problem and an overview of Options A and B.

    A.
    **Option A** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option A.

    A.
    **Option B** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option B.

    2. Evaluate your competitors’ products, services, growth, and market strength.

    B.
    **Competitors**: Dedicate at least one slide to each competitor.

    1. What products and services
    with IoT or similar technology are your competitors offering?

    1.
    Do the products and services offered by each competitor give them a competitive edge in the market?

    1.
    How does each competitor’s growth impact its market strength?

    3. Analyze your
    **company’s capability** to pursue the IoT innovation.

    C. Complete a partial gap analysis (2 slides):

    1. Does your company already own the IoT technology, or does it need to be purchased?

    1. How is the IoT technology currently being used in your company’s existing products and services?

    1. What types of technology are available to purchase?

    4.
    **Recommend** the innovation approach your company should pursue.

    D. Innovation Approach (2–3 slides): Explain which innovation approach you are recommending and why.

    D. Consider how different stakeholders (research and development [R&D], marketing, finance) may be impacted while communicating your recommendations and justification.

    ii. Include a description of the incremental or discontinuous product(s) you are recommending for R&D.

    ii. Include the sales forecasts for marketing so that they can plan how and when they will promote the new product(s).

    ii. Include a financial snapshot of the costs, potential profits, and risks for the finance team.

    **Part Two: Strategic Plan** In this section, share your revised paper from Milestone Two, which provides an overview of your competitors’ position in the marketplace, the available and future marketplace, and a plan for how to address a change in business conditions.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Analyze the
    **competitors’ relative strengths** in the marketplace. Use Power BI to create charts on the growth rates.

    A. Write a short paragraph describing the growth rate of each competitor based on the data included in the comparative growth data sheet.

    B. How much of the market does each competitor now own? Do you see a trend of gaining or losing market share? Present your findings using the comparative growth data sheet and Power BI.

    i. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    ii. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of connected cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    C. Determine each competitor’s financial strength by looking at their comparative growth data.

    2. Explain how your
    **company’s market share** compares to your competitors’.

    A. Is your company gaining or losing market share from 2020 to 2030? Expand on the analysis done in Task 1 above and explain the major factors behind the change in market share.

    B. What is your company's growth potential in the industry?

    C. How do your company's financials look compared to your competitors'?

    3. Identify
    **future potential total available market (TAM)** and growth for chosen product/service and technology.

    A. What is the global TAM for annual cars and light trucks in 2020, in billions?

    B. What is the global TAM for IoT-connected cars and light trucks in billions?

    C. What is the projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for cars and light trucks?

    D. What is the CAGR for IoT-connected cars and light trucks?

    4. Identify ways to adjust if
    **business conditions change.**

    A. What strategies can you implement if your customers are slow to purchase the innovation?

    B. What actions can you take if one competitor is overtaking all the others, including your company?

    5. Describe the steps your company needs to take from
    **concept** outline
    **to launch.**

    A. What is the size and scope of development required to successfully launch the IoT innovation?

    B. Will you require additional capital and personnel to support the development and the launch?

    C. How would you approach determining the timeline from the beginning of development until initial product launch?

    v. Consider key milestones, relevant metrics, project phases, and any tools or methods you would use for measuring progress.

    **Part Three: Organizational Structure and Culture Report** Based on your analysis of your organization’s structure and culture, share recommendations for changing your organization’s structure and culture to be more conducive to innovation.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Describe the current
    **organizational structure’s impact** on innovation.

    A. How does your company's organizational structure support or hinder the innovation?

    B. How effective is the current structure in addressing changes in market demand?

    2. Recommend changes to the
    **current organizational structure.**

    A. How will the new structure support innovation?

    B. How will your recommended changes make the enterprise more responsive to market demand?

    3. Explain how
    **organizational changes support a culture of innovation.**

    A. In what ways does the current culture work against innovation?

    B. How does the new structure support a culture of innovation?

    What to Submit

    To complete this project, you must submit the following:

    I.
    **Innovation Approach Presentation**
    Submit a 10- to 13-slide PowerPoint presentation with detailed speaker notes that highlight the important points you want to emphasize to senior management on your recommendation for an innovation approach. Use the feedback you received on Milestone One to revise your original presentation. Remember to use both on-slide text and narration or speaker notes in your PowerPoint slides to convey your information effectively. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    II.
    **Strategic Plan Report**
    Submit a 4- to 7-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    III.
    **Organizational Structure and Culture Report**
    Submit a 5- to 8-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    **## Book9.docx**

    Scenario

    You are a former pilot, and you are now the controller of a division of TransGlobal Airlines, a large organization that operates a fleet of corporate jets for charter at several airports in the southeast part of the United States. Your division’s private charter clients include several Fortune 500 companies in the region. The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has informed you that the company is considering the acquisition of two smaller aviation firms in the region specializing in chartered flights for luxury vacations using light aircraft (60 passengers or less). The CFO has tasked you with assessing the organizational benefits of acquiring these aviation firms. The CFO intends to develop a new business plan for the organization if your analysis recommends moving forward with the acquisition.

    After an initial assessment, the company has shortlisted two airlines, Company A and Company B, to examine further for acquisition. To understand all aspects of the two airlines under consideration, you have visited each proposed site to assess their performance. The assessment included creating a balanced scorecard for each airline with all four components, financial, internal processes, customers/market, and learning and growth, that will impact the acquisition of each firm.

    The CFO has asked you to generate two scenarios for the proposed acquisition based on your analysis and governing or predictive assumptions. They include a worst-case scenario that considers the most serious outcomes that could occur if anticipated targets and assumptions are dramatically wrong and a best-case scenario if anticipated targets and assumptions significantly exceed forecasts.

    Based on your assessment and analysis of the companies in Milestones One and Two, you will create and deliver a PowerPoint presentation for senior management’s review and analysis. You will also write an executive summary with your recommendations for the leadership team.

    Directions

    **Part 1: Presentation** Record and submit a narrated PowerPoint presentation to share your analysis and recommendations for the proposed acquisitions. Use your data and analysis, along with feedback received from the milestone assignments, to complete your presentation.

    **Note:** Remember to use both on-slide text and narration or speaker notes in your PowerPoint presentation to convey your information effectively. If narration is not possible, precise and extensive speaker notes are required while addressing all of the rubric elements in the presentation. For example, you can use brief, bulleted lists on the slide and include detailed explanations in your narration or speaker notes. A resource is provided under Supporting Materials to help you record your presentation. If you are unable to submit a presentation with narration, be sure to include detailed speaker notes with your submission.

    1.
    **Overview**

    A.
    **Situation Analysis of TransGlobal Airlines (parent company):** Use the information from the Supporting Materials section to highlight the parent company’s current business environment.

    i. Internal environment: culture, leadership, internal processes, human resources, operations, and financial performance

    ii. External environment: competitive, market, regulatory, customers, suppliers, and other relevant stakeholders

    B.
    **Acquisition Rationale:** Explain why your company is planning to acquire these airlines. What strategic objectives will the acquisition meet? How might the acquisition support TransGlobal’s bigger-picture goals?

    C.
    **Proposed Acquisitions:** Using the resources provided in the Supporting Materials section, provide an overview of the two companies under consideration to be acquired. Include the following information for each company:

    i. Location, size, and age of the firm

    ii. Customer segment and target market

    iii. Major competitors

    iv. Company leadership

    v. Current financial and market status

    2.
    **Analysis**

    A.
    **Analysis of Company A:** Present your data and analysis of Company A. Include the following in your analysis:

    i.
    **Balanced scorecard data**: Share the balanced scorecard for Company A. Copy and paste the relevant sections from your Milestone One spreadsheet. The balanced scorecard should highlight key performance indicators (KPIs), such as net profit, annual growth, and market share, and include the four components:

    a.
    **Financial**: Complete the financial section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most impactful KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    b.
    **Internal processes:** Complete the internal processes section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    c.
    **Customers/market:** Complete the customers/market section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    d.
    **Learning and growth:** Complete the learning and growth section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    ii.
    **Balanced scorecard analysis**: Describe your analysis of Company A’s performance based on its balanced scorecard components. Perform a cost-benefit-risk analysis to explain whether the benefits justify the costs of acquisition.

    a.
    **Opportunity cost:** What will it cost to move forward with this opportunity?

    b.
    **Risk:** Identify and explain the magnitude (low, medium, or high) of the risks this acquisition poses to the parent company related to its market, financial, cultural, and operational environments.

    B.
    **Analysis of Company B:** Present your data and analysis of Company B. Include the following in your analysis:

    i.
    **Balanced Scorecard Data**: Share the balanced scorecard of Company B and highlight some KPIs, such as net profit, annual growth, and market share. Copy and paste the relevant sections from your Milestone One spreadsheet. The balanced scorecard should highlight KPIs, such as net profit, annual growth, and market share, and include the four components:

    a.
    **Financial**: Complete the financial section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most impactful KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    b.
    **Internal processes:** Complete the internal processes section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    c.
    **Customers/market:** Complete the customers/market section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant two KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    d.
    **Learning and growth:** Complete the learning and growth section of the balanced scorecard template, identifying two of the most relevant KPIs.

    a. Explain your rationale for the KPIs chosen, along with the cause–effect relationship between the chosen KPIs and the KPI action plan details.

    ii.
    **Balanced scorecard analysis**: Perform a cost-benefit-risk analysis for Company B based on its balanced scorecard components to explain whether the benefits justify the costs of acquisition.

    2.

    1.
    **Opportunity cost:** What will it cost to move forward with this opportunity?

    1.
    **Risk:** Identify and explain the magnitude (low, medium, or high) of the risks this acquisition poses to the parent company as related to its market, financial, cultural, and operational environments.

    3.
    **Proposal**

    A.
    **Recommendation:** Recommend whether TransGlobal Airlines should acquire one or both companies.

    B.
    **Rationale:** Justify how your recommendation supports the company’s strategic objectives. This includes one or more of its financial, market, competitive, and cultural objectives.

    C.
    **Assumptions**: Explain how your acquisition recommendation will impact the company’s success in the following scenarios:

    i.
    **A worst-case scenario** that considers the most serious outcomes that could occur if anticipated targets and assumptions are dramatically wrong

    ii.
    **A best-case scenario** that considers outcomes that significantly exceed anticipated targets and assumptions

    **Part 2: Executive Summary** Submit a Word document summarizing your analysis and recommendations for both companies.

    A.
    **Situation assessment**: Briefly summarize your company’s current internal and external business environments and the rationale for acquisition.

    B.
    **Data and analysis**: Provide a brief overview of the two airlines under consideration, including your findings and analysis from your balanced scorecards.

    C.
    **Recommendation**: Justify your recommendation for the acquisition and explain how it supports the company’s objectives.

    What to Submit

    **Acquisition Proposal Presentation**
    Using the instructions provided under Supporting Materials below, submit a recorded PowerPoint presentation with 10–12 slides. Sources should be cited and listed on a separate reference page according to APA style.

    **Executive Summary** Submit a 3- to 4-page Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins.

    **## Book9pt2.docx**

    Overview

    Companies that are innovative must make sure their organization is structured in a way that supports innovation. A key component of innovation is keeping track of what customers want in terms of products and services. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to develop an innovation strategy and a plan for moving the strategy forward.

    Scenario

    You work as a middle manager for one of the top U.S. producers of luxury and mass-market automobiles and trucks.

    The chief technology officer (CTO) of your company has been watching new technology developments that the company could integrate into its vehicles to enhance the usefulness of and access to the data acquired by the many digital sensors that have been integrated into vehicle subsystems over the past 20–30 years. The technology trend of particular interest is the internet of things (IoT)—the interconnection of embedded devices, such as sensors and computers, over the internet. By taking advantage of this trend, the CTO believes the company can seize an opportunity to provide better service and predictive maintenance to its customers, improving customer satisfaction and adding additional revenue streams.

    Based on briefings by the CTO, senior management has decided to implement IoT in its product line. Your CTO has asked you to lead a cross-functional team to take this initiative forward. Your first task is to make a recommendation for how the company should approach this business problem. Do you recommend using incremental or discontinuous (that is, slow or fast) innovation? Specifically:

    Should the company…

    A. Design a completely new product line, based on the new technology (discontinuous innovation)

    or

    B. Add new technology features into one model and then incrementally into the broader product line (incremental innovation)

    The recommendation you and your team make is an important first step in pursuing this new technology.

    In Milestone One, you and your team defined what that IoT innovation looked like: would it be discontinuous (new product line) or incremental (new features in one existing product)?

    In Milestone Two, you developed a strategy plan and a high-level business model. You shared these with various stakeholders, and they agree with your assessment of how best to get this IoT innovation to market, which will help the company stay competitive.

    Now, the CTO has asked you to propose an organizational structure that will support the innovation implementation. In this way, you will be assisting in making innovation sustainable in your company.

    Directions

    Your final project includes three parts. You will use your slides from Milestone One and your document from Milestone Two to complete the first two parts of the project. In Part Three, you will focus on your organization’s structure and culture. You should incorporate the feedback you received on your milestone submissions and add it to your initial research to maximize the quality of your final project submission. It is important to remember that "Proficient" was the highest possible rating for the Milestone One and Milestone Two rubric criteria. Revising the work done in your milestone assignments allows you to enhance your final project submission and aim for "Exceeds Expectations" ratings across the final project rubric criteria.

    Use the resources that you referenced in your previously submitted assignments to support your work on the project.

    **Part One: Innovation Approach** In this section, share your revised slides from Milestone One and make your recommendation for the innovation approach you think the company should pursue.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Explain potential risks and benefits for Options A, discontinuous innovation, and B, incremental innovation.

    A.
    **Overview** (1 slide): Present the business problem and an overview of Options A and B.

    A.
    **Option A** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option A.

    A.
    **Option B** (1–2 slides): Explain at least two potential risks and two potential benefits for Option B.

    2. Evaluate your competitors’ products, services, growth, and market strength.

    B.
    **Competitors**: Dedicate at least one slide to each competitor.

    1. What products and services
    with IoT or similar technology are your competitors offering?

    1.
    Do the products and services offered by each competitor give them a competitive edge in the market?

    1.
    How does each competitor’s growth impact its market strength?

    3. Analyze your
    **company’s capability** to pursue the IoT innovation.

    C. Complete a partial gap analysis (2 slides):

    1. Does your company already own the IoT technology, or does it need to be purchased?

    1. How is the IoT technology currently being used in your company’s existing products and services?

    1. What types of technology are available to purchase?

    4.
    **Recommend** the innovation approach your company should pursue.

    D. Innovation Approach (2–3 slides): Explain which innovation approach you are recommending and why.

    D. Consider how different stakeholders (research and development [R&D], marketing, finance) may be impacted while communicating your recommendations and justification.

    ii. Include a description of the incremental or discontinuous product(s) you are recommending for R&D.

    ii. Include the sales forecasts for marketing so that they can plan how and when they will promote the new product(s).

    ii. Include a financial snapshot of the costs, potential profits, and risks for the finance team.

    **Part Two: Strategic Plan** In this section, share your revised paper from Milestone Two, which provides an overview of your competitors’ position in the marketplace, the available and future marketplace, and a plan for how to address a change in business conditions.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Analyze the
    **competitors’ relative strengths** in the marketplace. Use Power BI to create charts on the growth rates.

    A. Write a short paragraph describing the growth rate of each competitor based on the data included in the comparative growth data sheet.

    B. How much of the market does each competitor now own? Do you see a trend of gaining or losing market share? Present your findings using the comparative growth data sheet and Power BI.

    i. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    ii. Complete your pie charts and analysis for the market share percentage of connected cars and trucks now and in 2030.

    C. Determine each competitor’s financial strength by looking at their comparative growth data.

    2. Explain how your
    **company’s market share** compares to your competitors’.

    A. Is your company gaining or losing market share from 2020 to 2030? Expand on the analysis done in Task 1 above and explain the major factors behind the change in market share.

    B. What is your company's growth potential in the industry?

    C. How do your company's financials look compared to your competitors'?

    3. Identify
    **future potential total available market (TAM)** and growth for chosen product/service and technology.

    A. What is the global TAM for annual cars and light trucks in 2020, in billions?

    B. What is the global TAM for IoT-connected cars and light trucks in billions?

    C. What is the projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for cars and light trucks?

    D. What is the CAGR for IoT-connected cars and light trucks?

    4. Identify ways to adjust if
    **business conditions change.**

    A. What strategies can you implement if your customers are slow to purchase the innovation?

    B. What actions can you take if one competitor is overtaking all the others, including your company?

    5. Describe the steps your company needs to take from
    **concept** outline
    **to launch.**

    A. What is the size and scope of development required to successfully launch the IoT innovation?

    B. Will you require additional capital and personnel to support the development and the launch?

    C. How would you approach determining the timeline from the beginning of development until initial product launch?

    v. Consider key milestones, relevant metrics, project phases, and any tools or methods you would use for measuring progress.

    **Part Three: Organizational Structure and Culture Report** Based on your analysis of your organization’s structure and culture, share recommendations for changing your organization’s structure and culture to be more conducive to innovation.

    Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

    1. Describe the current
    **organizational structure’s impact** on innovation.

    A. How does your company's organizational structure support or hinder the innovation?

    B. How effective is the current structure in addressing changes in market demand?

    2. Recommend changes to the
    **current organizational structure.**

    A. How will the new structure support innovation?

    B. How will your recommended changes make the enterprise more responsive to market demand?

    3. Explain how
    **organizational changes support a culture of innovation.**

    A. In what ways does the current culture work against innovation?

    B. How does the new structure support a culture of innovation?

    What to Submit

    To complete this project, you must submit the following:

    I.
    **Innovation Approach Presentation**
    Submit a 10- to 13-slide PowerPoint presentation with detailed speaker notes that highlight the important points you want to emphasize to senior management on your recommendation for an innovation approach. Use the feedback you received on Milestone One to revise your original presentation. Remember to use both on-slide text and narration or speaker notes in your PowerPoint slides to convey your information effectively. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    II.
    **Strategic Plan Report**
    Submit a 4- to 7-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

    III.
    **Organizational Structure and Culture Report**
    Submit a 5- to 8-page Word document using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.

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