Assignment Prompt & Instructions
SEE ATTACHED.
– ## Journal.docx
– ## UnitI.pdf
**## Journal.docx**
2
Response to natural and man-made disasters have changed quite significantly since the implementation of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Provide an example of a recent natural disaster or terrorist attack that has occurred in your region in the last 10 years. In what ways do you think the implementation of NIMS shaped the responding organization's response? What component of NIMS do you believe was the most helpful in the response to the incident you identified? Explain your rationale.
If you do not currently live in the United States, you may choose an incident in an area you have a connection to or one on which you are most informed.
TEXTBOOK
Oliver, W. M., Marion, N. E., & Hill, J. B. (2021). Introduction to homeland security: Policy, organization, and administration (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284205213
**## UnitI.pdf**
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Discuss the concepts and components of the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
2.1 Explain how incident management priorities are accomplished through NIMS components and
principles.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 11: National Incident Management System and Incident Command System
Unit Lesson
The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
The guidance provided by NIMS is the culmination of more than 40 years of efforts to improve interoperability
in incident management. The following is a brief synopsis of the history of NIMS.
• First efforts of an organized national response plan began in the 1970s with local, state, and federal
agencies collaborating to create a system called Firefighting Resources of California Organized for
Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE). FIRESCOPE included the Incident Command System (ICS)
and the Multiagency Coordination System (MACS).
• In 1982, the agencies that developed FIRESCOPE and the National Wildfire Coordinating Group
(NWCG) created the National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS). This was an effort,
in part, to make ICS and MACS guidance applicable to all types of incidents and hazards. While the
value of these systems was recognized, it was not fully adopted and implemented nationwide.
• NIMS was adopted by the federal government on February 8, 2003 in Homeland Security Presidential
Directive-5 (HSPD-5) (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], 2017).
If you would like to read more about the intent behind HSPD-5, please review the document Homeland
Security Presidential Directive-5.
Purpose of NIMS
NIMS is extremely beneficial in assisting agencies, departments, and individuals to collaborate and work
together in the event of a disaster. The overall purpose of NIMS is to provide a framework for managing a
disaster. These disasters could range from weather-related incidents such as hurricanes to a terrorist attack.
Such a system requires teamwork, effective communication, leadership, and exceptional managerial skills. In
addition, we will also discuss the ICS as it relates to NIMS. These processes and systems are imperative as
they relate to responding to and managing a disaster incident.
NIMS provides the framework for emergency managers and agencies to respond to incidents. It is common
among first responders to use the following quote: “The first time you see Chief Smith should not be at the
scene while responding.” This quote is stating that relationships among first responders must be established
well before any potential incidents arise in order to facilitate response efforts and create synergy of effort. For
this to occur, agencies must engage in preparedness. NIMS has developed a preparedness cycle of planning,
organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and taking corrective action that allows organizations to
properly prepare for an incident and work as a part of the interagency team.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
National Incident Management System
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
NIMS and ICS Working Together
NIMS promotes efficiency since there are a multitude of agencies working together. Each agency may have
its own best practices, but NIMS uses a standardized collaborative approach that each agency must follow as
they respond to incidents. For example, if agency A responded to an incident one way and agency B
responded to an incident another way, there could be some confusion and inefficiency. We must remember
that the goal of such a system is to promote seamless integration amongst all agencies.
ICS examines and manages various functions that relate to responding and facilitating a disaster-related
incident. Some of the operational aspects that ICS oversees are logistics, command, and intelligence. This is
extremely important as ICS is focused on the day-to-day operations as they relate to such incidents. ICS
forces agencies and individuals to work as one. However, do such mechanisms and measures consider the
possibility of these agencies not working together or being resistant to change? This is a valid question to ask,
but NIMS and ICS both do a phenomenal job of encouraging and facilitating effective communication.
Why is communication important? Communication allows all applicable personnel to have a good
understanding of the necessary plans and objectives. ICS discusses the importance of clear and concise
terminology. When you have a variety of individuals and organizations working together in one setting, it is
imperative that the language being used is recognized amongst all individuals. In the event of a disaster
situation, having daily briefings and meetings between the various organizations within ICS is essential.
Effective communication is more than merely words and constant talking. Effective communication requires
skills that are constantly enhanced through practice.
A lack of communication can cause an enormous amount of chaos. For example, one problem that was
discussed in great lengths after reviewing and evaluating the events of the terrorist attacks of September 11,
2001, was the lack of a communication plan and system. When responding officials arrived at the scene in
New York City, the fire department, police department, and emergency medical services (EMS) could not
communicate effectively with one another. This lack of communication and coordination subsequently added
to the immense devastation.
Moreover, the media can play a vital role in these incidents. The media can keep the citizens and the public
informed in such disaster situations via radio, television, and internet. For example, the weather is monitored
by media personnel who routinely keep individuals updated on the whereabouts of a storm. When reporting
information to the public, the main responsibility and focus should be accuracy and ensuring the widest
dissemination of information to the public.
Applicable personnel within ICS should report accurate information. If information is unknown at the time, it is
essential to let the media know that specific details will be reported when the information is confirmed.
Reporting inaccurate information could be detrimental and cause additional predicaments, issues, and
concerns.
What about the public? Should citizens be a part of assisting when a disaster strikes? Does NIMS have a
component that allows private citizens to be an aspect of the process? Citizens could be and should be a
fundamental aspect of assisting in the event of certain disasters. Programs such as Community Emergency
Response Teams (CERT) are essential. CERT assists citizens within the community to train and prepare for
various disasters of all kinds.
You can contact your local emergency preparedness officials or obtain information via the internet if your
community offers training such as CERT and you are interested in attending. Upon the completion of such
training, CERT members can assist people within their community when a disaster occurs. These certified
members typically assist other stakeholders and emergency officials within the community when needed.
Reference
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) website is a great resource for topics related to
homeland security. Through the link below, you can access more information about the National Incident
Management System (NIMS). Implementation and training resources, tools to support NIMS components, and
regional contacts can all be found by visiting this website. As government websites and information are
updated often, it is important to visit these sites regularly to ensure you have the latest information.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (n.d.). National Incident Management System. U.S. Department of
Homeland Security. http://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system
The following document contains the full and official guidance of NIMS. You are encouraged to review it for a
complete understanding of the system. Consider bookmarking it for future reference to aid you in your
academic or professional pursuits. (Should this document be updated, the most current version can always be
located on the main landing page listed above.)
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
The following PowerPoint presentation provides a summary of the material in this unit’s chapter reading. The
PowerPoint and PDF versions are provided for your convenience.
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Presentation (Chapter 11 PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Emergency Management Institute (EMI) has a social
media presence on various platforms to better share information on training opportunities. You are
encouraged to follow and participate with EMI on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
[https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims](https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims)
[https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf](https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1)
[https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI](https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI)
[https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI](https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI)
[https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/](https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
– Purpose of NIMS
– NIMS and ICS Working Together
– Reference
– Suggested Unit Resources
– Learning Activities (Nongraded)
**## UnitI.pdf**
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Discuss the concepts and components of the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
2.1 Explain how incident management priorities are accomplished through NIMS components and
principles.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 11: National Incident Management System and Incident Command System
Unit Lesson
The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
The guidance provided by NIMS is the culmination of more than 40 years of efforts to improve interoperability
in incident management. The following is a brief synopsis of the history of NIMS.
• First efforts of an organized national response plan began in the 1970s with local, state, and federal
agencies collaborating to create a system called Firefighting Resources of California Organized for
Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE). FIRESCOPE included the Incident Command System (ICS)
and the Multiagency Coordination System (MACS).
• In 1982, the agencies that developed FIRESCOPE and the National Wildfire Coordinating Group
(NWCG) created the National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS). This was an effort,
in part, to make ICS and MACS guidance applicable to all types of incidents and hazards. While the
value of these systems was recognized, it was not fully adopted and implemented nationwide.
• NIMS was adopted by the federal government on February 8, 2003 in Homeland Security Presidential
Directive-5 (HSPD-5) (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], 2017).
If you would like to read more about the intent behind HSPD-5, please review the document Homeland
Security Presidential Directive-5.
Purpose of NIMS
NIMS is extremely beneficial in assisting agencies, departments, and individuals to collaborate and work
together in the event of a disaster. The overall purpose of NIMS is to provide a framework for managing a
disaster. These disasters could range from weather-related incidents such as hurricanes to a terrorist attack.
Such a system requires teamwork, effective communication, leadership, and exceptional managerial skills. In
addition, we will also discuss the ICS as it relates to NIMS. These processes and systems are imperative as
they relate to responding to and managing a disaster incident.
NIMS provides the framework for emergency managers and agencies to respond to incidents. It is common
among first responders to use the following quote: “The first time you see Chief Smith should not be at the
scene while responding.” This quote is stating that relationships among first responders must be established
well before any potential incidents arise in order to facilitate response efforts and create synergy of effort. For
this to occur, agencies must engage in preparedness. NIMS has developed a preparedness cycle of planning,
organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and taking corrective action that allows organizations to
properly prepare for an incident and work as a part of the interagency team.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
National Incident Management System
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
NIMS and ICS Working Together
NIMS promotes efficiency since there are a multitude of agencies working together. Each agency may have
its own best practices, but NIMS uses a standardized collaborative approach that each agency must follow as
they respond to incidents. For example, if agency A responded to an incident one way and agency B
responded to an incident another way, there could be some confusion and inefficiency. We must remember
that the goal of such a system is to promote seamless integration amongst all agencies.
ICS examines and manages various functions that relate to responding and facilitating a disaster-related
incident. Some of the operational aspects that ICS oversees are logistics, command, and intelligence. This is
extremely important as ICS is focused on the day-to-day operations as they relate to such incidents. ICS
forces agencies and individuals to work as one. However, do such mechanisms and measures consider the
possibility of these agencies not working together or being resistant to change? This is a valid question to ask,
but NIMS and ICS both do a phenomenal job of encouraging and facilitating effective communication.
Why is communication important? Communication allows all applicable personnel to have a good
understanding of the necessary plans and objectives. ICS discusses the importance of clear and concise
terminology. When you have a variety of individuals and organizations working together in one setting, it is
imperative that the language being used is recognized amongst all individuals. In the event of a disaster
situation, having daily briefings and meetings between the various organizations within ICS is essential.
Effective communication is more than merely words and constant talking. Effective communication requires
skills that are constantly enhanced through practice.
A lack of communication can cause an enormous amount of chaos. For example, one problem that was
discussed in great lengths after reviewing and evaluating the events of the terrorist attacks of September 11,
2001, was the lack of a communication plan and system. When responding officials arrived at the scene in
New York City, the fire department, police department, and emergency medical services (EMS) could not
communicate effectively with one another. This lack of communication and coordination subsequently added
to the immense devastation.
Moreover, the media can play a vital role in these incidents. The media can keep the citizens and the public
informed in such disaster situations via radio, television, and internet. For example, the weather is monitored
by media personnel who routinely keep individuals updated on the whereabouts of a storm. When reporting
information to the public, the main responsibility and focus should be accuracy and ensuring the widest
dissemination of information to the public.
Applicable personnel within ICS should report accurate information. If information is unknown at the time, it is
essential to let the media know that specific details will be reported when the information is confirmed.
Reporting inaccurate information could be detrimental and cause additional predicaments, issues, and
concerns.
What about the public? Should citizens be a part of assisting when a disaster strikes? Does NIMS have a
component that allows private citizens to be an aspect of the process? Citizens could be and should be a
fundamental aspect of assisting in the event of certain disasters. Programs such as Community Emergency
Response Teams (CERT) are essential. CERT assists citizens within the community to train and prepare for
various disasters of all kinds.
You can contact your local emergency preparedness officials or obtain information via the internet if your
community offers training such as CERT and you are interested in attending. Upon the completion of such
training, CERT members can assist people within their community when a disaster occurs. These certified
members typically assist other stakeholders and emergency officials within the community when needed.
Reference
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) website is a great resource for topics related to
homeland security. Through the link below, you can access more information about the National Incident
Management System (NIMS). Implementation and training resources, tools to support NIMS components, and
regional contacts can all be found by visiting this website. As government websites and information are
updated often, it is important to visit these sites regularly to ensure you have the latest information.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (n.d.). National Incident Management System. U.S. Department of
Homeland Security. http://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system
The following document contains the full and official guidance of NIMS. You are encouraged to review it for a
complete understanding of the system. Consider bookmarking it for future reference to aid you in your
academic or professional pursuits. (Should this document be updated, the most current version can always be
located on the main landing page listed above.)
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
The following PowerPoint presentation provides a summary of the material in this unit’s chapter reading. The
PowerPoint and PDF versions are provided for your convenience.
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Presentation (Chapter 11 PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Emergency Management Institute (EMI) has a social
media presence on various platforms to better share information on training opportunities. You are
encouraged to follow and participate with EMI on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
[https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims](https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims)
[https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf](https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1)
[https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI](https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI)
[https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI](https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI)
[https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/](https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
– Purpose of NIMS
– NIMS and ICS Working Together
– Reference
– Suggested Unit Resources
– Learning Activities (Nongraded)
**## Journal.docx**
2
Response to natural and man-made disasters have changed quite significantly since the implementation of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Provide an example of a recent natural disaster or terrorist attack that has occurred in your region in the last 10 years. In what ways do you think the implementation of NIMS shaped the responding organization's response? What component of NIMS do you believe was the most helpful in the response to the incident you identified? Explain your rationale.
If you do not currently live in the United States, you may choose an incident in an area you have a connection to or one on which you are most informed.
TEXTBOOK
Oliver, W. M., Marion, N. E., & Hill, J. B. (2021). Introduction to homeland security: Policy, organization, and administration (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284205213
**## UnitI.pdf**
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Discuss the concepts and components of the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
2.1 Explain how incident management priorities are accomplished through NIMS components and
principles.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 11: National Incident Management System and Incident Command System
Unit Lesson
The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
The guidance provided by NIMS is the culmination of more than 40 years of efforts to improve interoperability
in incident management. The following is a brief synopsis of the history of NIMS.
• First efforts of an organized national response plan began in the 1970s with local, state, and federal
agencies collaborating to create a system called Firefighting Resources of California Organized for
Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE). FIRESCOPE included the Incident Command System (ICS)
and the Multiagency Coordination System (MACS).
• In 1982, the agencies that developed FIRESCOPE and the National Wildfire Coordinating Group
(NWCG) created the National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS). This was an effort,
in part, to make ICS and MACS guidance applicable to all types of incidents and hazards. While the
value of these systems was recognized, it was not fully adopted and implemented nationwide.
• NIMS was adopted by the federal government on February 8, 2003 in Homeland Security Presidential
Directive-5 (HSPD-5) (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], 2017).
If you would like to read more about the intent behind HSPD-5, please review the document Homeland
Security Presidential Directive-5.
Purpose of NIMS
NIMS is extremely beneficial in assisting agencies, departments, and individuals to collaborate and work
together in the event of a disaster. The overall purpose of NIMS is to provide a framework for managing a
disaster. These disasters could range from weather-related incidents such as hurricanes to a terrorist attack.
Such a system requires teamwork, effective communication, leadership, and exceptional managerial skills. In
addition, we will also discuss the ICS as it relates to NIMS. These processes and systems are imperative as
they relate to responding to and managing a disaster incident.
NIMS provides the framework for emergency managers and agencies to respond to incidents. It is common
among first responders to use the following quote: “The first time you see Chief Smith should not be at the
scene while responding.” This quote is stating that relationships among first responders must be established
well before any potential incidents arise in order to facilitate response efforts and create synergy of effort. For
this to occur, agencies must engage in preparedness. NIMS has developed a preparedness cycle of planning,
organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and taking corrective action that allows organizations to
properly prepare for an incident and work as a part of the interagency team.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
National Incident Management System
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
NIMS and ICS Working Together
NIMS promotes efficiency since there are a multitude of agencies working together. Each agency may have
its own best practices, but NIMS uses a standardized collaborative approach that each agency must follow as
they respond to incidents. For example, if agency A responded to an incident one way and agency B
responded to an incident another way, there could be some confusion and inefficiency. We must remember
that the goal of such a system is to promote seamless integration amongst all agencies.
ICS examines and manages various functions that relate to responding and facilitating a disaster-related
incident. Some of the operational aspects that ICS oversees are logistics, command, and intelligence. This is
extremely important as ICS is focused on the day-to-day operations as they relate to such incidents. ICS
forces agencies and individuals to work as one. However, do such mechanisms and measures consider the
possibility of these agencies not working together or being resistant to change? This is a valid question to ask,
but NIMS and ICS both do a phenomenal job of encouraging and facilitating effective communication.
Why is communication important? Communication allows all applicable personnel to have a good
understanding of the necessary plans and objectives. ICS discusses the importance of clear and concise
terminology. When you have a variety of individuals and organizations working together in one setting, it is
imperative that the language being used is recognized amongst all individuals. In the event of a disaster
situation, having daily briefings and meetings between the various organizations within ICS is essential.
Effective communication is more than merely words and constant talking. Effective communication requires
skills that are constantly enhanced through practice.
A lack of communication can cause an enormous amount of chaos. For example, one problem that was
discussed in great lengths after reviewing and evaluating the events of the terrorist attacks of September 11,
2001, was the lack of a communication plan and system. When responding officials arrived at the scene in
New York City, the fire department, police department, and emergency medical services (EMS) could not
communicate effectively with one another. This lack of communication and coordination subsequently added
to the immense devastation.
Moreover, the media can play a vital role in these incidents. The media can keep the citizens and the public
informed in such disaster situations via radio, television, and internet. For example, the weather is monitored
by media personnel who routinely keep individuals updated on the whereabouts of a storm. When reporting
information to the public, the main responsibility and focus should be accuracy and ensuring the widest
dissemination of information to the public.
Applicable personnel within ICS should report accurate information. If information is unknown at the time, it is
essential to let the media know that specific details will be reported when the information is confirmed.
Reporting inaccurate information could be detrimental and cause additional predicaments, issues, and
concerns.
What about the public? Should citizens be a part of assisting when a disaster strikes? Does NIMS have a
component that allows private citizens to be an aspect of the process? Citizens could be and should be a
fundamental aspect of assisting in the event of certain disasters. Programs such as Community Emergency
Response Teams (CERT) are essential. CERT assists citizens within the community to train and prepare for
various disasters of all kinds.
You can contact your local emergency preparedness officials or obtain information via the internet if your
community offers training such as CERT and you are interested in attending. Upon the completion of such
training, CERT members can assist people within their community when a disaster occurs. These certified
members typically assist other stakeholders and emergency officials within the community when needed.
Reference
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) website is a great resource for topics related to
homeland security. Through the link below, you can access more information about the National Incident
Management System (NIMS). Implementation and training resources, tools to support NIMS components, and
regional contacts can all be found by visiting this website. As government websites and information are
updated often, it is important to visit these sites regularly to ensure you have the latest information.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (n.d.). National Incident Management System. U.S. Department of
Homeland Security. http://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system
The following document contains the full and official guidance of NIMS. You are encouraged to review it for a
complete understanding of the system. Consider bookmarking it for future reference to aid you in your
academic or professional pursuits. (Should this document be updated, the most current version can always be
located on the main landing page listed above.)
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
The following PowerPoint presentation provides a summary of the material in this unit’s chapter reading. The
PowerPoint and PDF versions are provided for your convenience.
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Presentation (Chapter 11 PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Emergency Management Institute (EMI) has a social
media presence on various platforms to better share information on training opportunities. You are
encouraged to follow and participate with EMI on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
[https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims](https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims)
[https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf](https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1)
[https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI](https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI)
[https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI](https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI)
[https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/](https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
– Purpose of NIMS
– NIMS and ICS Working Together
– Reference
– Suggested Unit Resources
– Learning Activities (Nongraded)
**## Journal.docx**
2
Response to natural and man-made disasters have changed quite significantly since the implementation of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Provide an example of a recent natural disaster or terrorist attack that has occurred in your region in the last 10 years. In what ways do you think the implementation of NIMS shaped the responding organization's response? What component of NIMS do you believe was the most helpful in the response to the incident you identified? Explain your rationale.
If you do not currently live in the United States, you may choose an incident in an area you have a connection to or one on which you are most informed.
TEXTBOOK
Oliver, W. M., Marion, N. E., & Hill, J. B. (2021). Introduction to homeland security: Policy, organization, and administration (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284205213
**## UnitI.pdf**
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Discuss the concepts and components of the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
2.1 Explain how incident management priorities are accomplished through NIMS components and
principles.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 11: National Incident Management System and Incident Command System
Unit Lesson
The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
The guidance provided by NIMS is the culmination of more than 40 years of efforts to improve interoperability
in incident management. The following is a brief synopsis of the history of NIMS.
• First efforts of an organized national response plan began in the 1970s with local, state, and federal
agencies collaborating to create a system called Firefighting Resources of California Organized for
Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE). FIRESCOPE included the Incident Command System (ICS)
and the Multiagency Coordination System (MACS).
• In 1982, the agencies that developed FIRESCOPE and the National Wildfire Coordinating Group
(NWCG) created the National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS). This was an effort,
in part, to make ICS and MACS guidance applicable to all types of incidents and hazards. While the
value of these systems was recognized, it was not fully adopted and implemented nationwide.
• NIMS was adopted by the federal government on February 8, 2003 in Homeland Security Presidential
Directive-5 (HSPD-5) (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], 2017).
If you would like to read more about the intent behind HSPD-5, please review the document Homeland
Security Presidential Directive-5.
Purpose of NIMS
NIMS is extremely beneficial in assisting agencies, departments, and individuals to collaborate and work
together in the event of a disaster. The overall purpose of NIMS is to provide a framework for managing a
disaster. These disasters could range from weather-related incidents such as hurricanes to a terrorist attack.
Such a system requires teamwork, effective communication, leadership, and exceptional managerial skills. In
addition, we will also discuss the ICS as it relates to NIMS. These processes and systems are imperative as
they relate to responding to and managing a disaster incident.
NIMS provides the framework for emergency managers and agencies to respond to incidents. It is common
among first responders to use the following quote: “The first time you see Chief Smith should not be at the
scene while responding.” This quote is stating that relationships among first responders must be established
well before any potential incidents arise in order to facilitate response efforts and create synergy of effort. For
this to occur, agencies must engage in preparedness. NIMS has developed a preparedness cycle of planning,
organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and taking corrective action that allows organizations to
properly prepare for an incident and work as a part of the interagency team.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
National Incident Management System
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Homeland%20Security%20Presidential%20Directive%205.pdf)
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
NIMS and ICS Working Together
NIMS promotes efficiency since there are a multitude of agencies working together. Each agency may have
its own best practices, but NIMS uses a standardized collaborative approach that each agency must follow as
they respond to incidents. For example, if agency A responded to an incident one way and agency B
responded to an incident another way, there could be some confusion and inefficiency. We must remember
that the goal of such a system is to promote seamless integration amongst all agencies.
ICS examines and manages various functions that relate to responding and facilitating a disaster-related
incident. Some of the operational aspects that ICS oversees are logistics, command, and intelligence. This is
extremely important as ICS is focused on the day-to-day operations as they relate to such incidents. ICS
forces agencies and individuals to work as one. However, do such mechanisms and measures consider the
possibility of these agencies not working together or being resistant to change? This is a valid question to ask,
but NIMS and ICS both do a phenomenal job of encouraging and facilitating effective communication.
Why is communication important? Communication allows all applicable personnel to have a good
understanding of the necessary plans and objectives. ICS discusses the importance of clear and concise
terminology. When you have a variety of individuals and organizations working together in one setting, it is
imperative that the language being used is recognized amongst all individuals. In the event of a disaster
situation, having daily briefings and meetings between the various organizations within ICS is essential.
Effective communication is more than merely words and constant talking. Effective communication requires
skills that are constantly enhanced through practice.
A lack of communication can cause an enormous amount of chaos. For example, one problem that was
discussed in great lengths after reviewing and evaluating the events of the terrorist attacks of September 11,
2001, was the lack of a communication plan and system. When responding officials arrived at the scene in
New York City, the fire department, police department, and emergency medical services (EMS) could not
communicate effectively with one another. This lack of communication and coordination subsequently added
to the immense devastation.
Moreover, the media can play a vital role in these incidents. The media can keep the citizens and the public
informed in such disaster situations via radio, television, and internet. For example, the weather is monitored
by media personnel who routinely keep individuals updated on the whereabouts of a storm. When reporting
information to the public, the main responsibility and focus should be accuracy and ensuring the widest
dissemination of information to the public.
Applicable personnel within ICS should report accurate information. If information is unknown at the time, it is
essential to let the media know that specific details will be reported when the information is confirmed.
Reporting inaccurate information could be detrimental and cause additional predicaments, issues, and
concerns.
What about the public? Should citizens be a part of assisting when a disaster strikes? Does NIMS have a
component that allows private citizens to be an aspect of the process? Citizens could be and should be a
fundamental aspect of assisting in the event of certain disasters. Programs such as Community Emergency
Response Teams (CERT) are essential. CERT assists citizens within the community to train and prepare for
various disasters of all kinds.
You can contact your local emergency preparedness officials or obtain information via the internet if your
community offers training such as CERT and you are interested in attending. Upon the completion of such
training, CERT members can assist people within their community when a disaster occurs. These certified
members typically assist other stakeholders and emergency officials within the community when needed.
Reference
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
HLS 3303, Terrorism Response Operations 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) website is a great resource for topics related to
homeland security. Through the link below, you can access more information about the National Incident
Management System (NIMS). Implementation and training resources, tools to support NIMS components, and
regional contacts can all be found by visiting this website. As government websites and information are
updated often, it is important to visit these sites regularly to ensure you have the latest information.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (n.d.). National Incident Management System. U.S. Department of
Homeland Security. http://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system
The following document contains the full and official guidance of NIMS. You are encouraged to review it for a
complete understanding of the system. Consider bookmarking it for future reference to aid you in your
academic or professional pursuits. (Should this document be updated, the most current version can always be
located on the main landing page listed above.)
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2017, October). National Incident Management System (3rd ed.).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf
The following PowerPoint presentation provides a summary of the material in this unit’s chapter reading. The
PowerPoint and PDF versions are provided for your convenience.
Chapter 11 PowerPoint Presentation (Chapter 11 PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Emergency Management Institute (EMI) has a social
media presence on various platforms to better share information on training opportunities. You are
encouraged to follow and participate with EMI on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.
[https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims](https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/nims)
[https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf](https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305342_1)
[https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1](https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-135305341_1)
[https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI](https://twitter.com/FEMA_EMI)
[https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI](https://www.facebook.com/FEMAEMI)
[https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/](https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/fema-training/)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– The History of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
– Purpose of NIMS
– NIMS and ICS Working Together
– Reference
– Suggested Unit Resources
– Learning Activities (Nongraded)
– 1
– 2