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  • [Solved] Gardening

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    no plagiarism – a year ago **files (1)** – ## JasonCarter-Essay1.docx **## JasonCarter-Essay1.docx** ## Home Gardening: A Solution for Food Insecurity ### Jason Carter ### Northwood University ### ENG 1150: English Composition 1 ### Professor Janice Child ### April 6, 2025 Jason, I garden, and I enj…

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    no plagiarism

    – a year ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## JasonCarter-Essay1.docx

    **## JasonCarter-Essay1.docx**

    ## Home Gardening: A Solution for Food Insecurity

    ### Jason Carter

    ### Northwood University

    ### ENG 1150: English Composition 1

    ### Professor Janice Child

    ### April 6, 2025

    Jason,

    I garden, and I enjoyed this essay. It’s interesting and well-organized, but I questioned if you were writing for me in Michigan or someone miles farther south. Lots of people garden here. But it isn’t quite as easy as you suggest. Lots of people do raised beds – starting with sticks and twigs, then compost, then nice dirt. Then they plant and hope that the bunnies don’t get there first. Some people garden in neighborhood gardens, which seems like such a fun way to have a garden. I watch a fair amount of British gardening shows, and they seem to give everyone in their towns and villages access to plots in the neighborhood gardens. Neighborhood gardens make access to some of the tools that seem so helpful – like rototillers – accessible and free.

    But here there is quite a delay with a vegetable garden from seed. I’m usually thrilled by a tomato or two. I’ve never had the patience or luck to get a vegetable garden growing starting from seed. I tend to lose interest when I realize it will be a month or more before I’ll see a broccoli with my name on it. If I’m going to grow tomatoes, I start with a plant anymore.

    I’m going to be asking you to revise this essay for essay two. And by revise, I mean to see the topic with fresh eyes. Not just minor editing. I want a new essay on the same topic.

    You can either write from the opposite point of view – which is a great thing to do when you are trying to persuade someone about something political. As you consider the opposition’s point of view, you get a sense of where there might be consensus and where you might find areas that would be easy to argue against – if you were ever to improve your first persuasive paper.

    You could also take your broad topic and explore in greater detail some subtopic that interests you.

    For example, …

    you could focus on gardens for college students. I live close to Michigan State University, which began as Michigan Agricultural College in 1855. The central campus is surrounded by research labs, barns and fields that support its various agricultural programs.

    When I came to East Lansing for grad school, my then-boyfriend told me I was going to a cow college. I was offended, but it was a clue that he was a moron.

    It would be easy for MSU to find land and offer space and instruction for students in developing a garden. Why don’t they do that? I don’t know. Maybe they do.

    There would be lots of benefits – the obvious one would be less food insecurity, but there would also be greater understanding of the agricultural community that makes up a big part of this state – which would be helpful for the students who are not enrolled in education related programs. Cars may be our first product, tourism may be second, but agricultural products would be right up there.

    There would also be community outreach. There might be opportunities for the agricultural companies – seed producers, local (or university) farms involved in animal sciences to provide manure. This would be a public relations jackpot – tours, garden markets offering vegetables and products made from the crops, workshops to teach others to garden effectively.

    (In fact, the PR benefits could be the paper. So could addressing ways to get involvement from third parties or students.)

    Consider writing a persuasive essay aimed at the general audience, but also targeting institutions of higher education and the legislature suggesting that they act on the problem of food insecurity on campuses (and in the communities that surround them) to produce food that can be consumed by the grower and made available to the local community in need of help.

    Now you pick a subtopic for essay 2:

    You don’t have to use my topic, but don’t lose sight of the idea of making this a persuasive piece.

    · What do you want to happen? (your thesis)

    · What are the features and benefits if the plan is implemented

    · What should your audience do to make this a reality (the call to action).

    Home Gardening: A Solution for Food Insecurity

    Food insecurity is a significant global health issue that has negatively impacted people for many decades. The lack of availability of access to food on a continuous basis should not be an issue that people face in this modern society. A challenging economy, increasing food prices, and lower wages are just some of the variables that contribute to food insecurity. Now is the time for people to focus more on factors
    ~~in which~~ (I’m going to offer ideas when it seems like your sentence would provide the same content without some unneeded words. Keep thinking about being concise.) they can control. and aA resolution to food insecurity is for people to engage in sustainable living by growing their own food.

    Food insecurity is formally defined as reduced access to nutritious food that is needed to sustain a healthy lifestyle (Loofbourrow and Scherr, 2023). In past times, this was a problem that mostly only third world countries suffered from, but increasingly difficult economic times have seen more and more people in modern societies suffering from food insecurity. Food insecurity has been found to increase the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus which is a leading cause of death (Levi, Bleich, and Seligman, 2023). Food insecurity also affects the college landscape and leads to poorer academic performance and increasingly poorer health outcomes. Financial constraints are the largest factor contributing to these even with an increased number of food nutrition programs. (And it might be that some of the government funded food programs will be disappearing. Have you read about any that have been stopped. This is the only site I found that focused on U.S. food-related programs — https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-cuts-hit-struggling-food-banks-risking-hunger-low-income-americans-2025-03-25/.)

    The most popular food nutrition program is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and is itit is available throughout our nation. Benefit recipients can use SNAP benefits to purchase seeds to grow food in their own backyards or common areas. Instead of depending on high food costs from grocery produce, most fruits and vegetables can be easily grown for a more continuous supply. This will further allow SNAP benefits to stretch further as the benefits can be focused on buying items that can’t be grown. A DIY garden can be started with less than $100 dollars and the potential to increase the amount of available nutrition food is priceless. On average, most SNAP recipients receive about $189 each month to meet their nutrition needs. On the other hand, the average cost of groceries that each person needs each month is around $420, a $231 dollar deficit. If these people don’t have access to additional funds to supplement the deficit, most will ration their food out each month or starve themselves.

    College students are another group that suffer from food insecurity and need more feasible solutions. Most college students aren’t eligible for SNAP benefits because they are still considered dependents of their parents and guardians. Freshman students are generally well taken care of because they are on mandated meal plans and often have plenty of support to meet their financial needs. Upperclassmen have less support and less access to the nutritious food they need to maintain a healthy lifestyle and perform well as they get closer to obtaining their degree (Loofbourrow and Scherr, 2023). Even with many schools having food pantries, the shame and guilt that many students face with having to use that option is make it not a feasible solution.

    Creating a sustainable garden using one’s own bare hands surpasses just being a functional solution. A garden can bring joy and motivation for the future that a person was able to solve such a challenging situation. To start the garden, supplies can all be recycled materials found. Old wood can be repurposed and even plastic can be used to set up raised garden beds. Should you explain how? I’m not picturing how plastic can be used in a raised garden. Soil can be purchased or recycled as well using compost that can readily be found at garden centers. I have to say that the dirt and compost I buy at my local garden centers isn’t cheap. New gardeners should choose their favorite fruits and vegetables and then go to the local library to check out books to assist with the transition. Borrowing library books is cost-effective as limited funds aren’t used to purchase books. The only next step is to purchase the seeds and start planting! Okay, so I live in zone 6. (It used to be 5B, but it is getting warm enough so that the zone map tells me I have access to more plants. Still, when you buy seeds – assuming you have to wait for the ground to warm enough – you might be looking at 75 days from planting to a tomato, Should you identify the zone you are writing for? If you are in zone 9, say, your experience is much different than mine. Our season ends, maybe, late October, and with the lag time for seeds, the actual growing time is relatively short, which means hungry months from May to maybe July for some crops. The seeds will vary by season, so it is recommended to have seasonal garden beds and use seeds that are native to the region in which a person lives. As the seeds grow and the person learns more about the intricacies of gardening, this could also be another business venture. There are plenty of people that want to learn how to grow their own food as more people are becoming more health conscious about knowing what they are putting in their body.

    Overall, there are only so many factors that a person can control, and the economic growth of a society is not one of them. Food prices are continuing to rise, and more people will starve if they don’t find an alternate solution to combat this. A garden can practically pay for itself and is something that those with financial constraints should learn to do. It is such a great joy to be able to grow your own food and provide for yourself without having to worry about price. Imagine a world where more people are healthy and there are less health complications because of eating more nutritious food.

    References

    Levi, R., Bleich, S. N., & Seligman, H. K. (2023). Food Insecurity and Diabetes: Overview of

    Intersections and Potential Dual Solutions. Diabetes Care, 46(9), 1599–1608.
    [https://doi.org/10.2337/dci23-0002](https://doi.org/10.2337/dci23-0002)

    Loofbourrow, B. M., & Scherr, R. E. (2023). Food Insecurity in Higher Education: A

    Contemporary Review of Impacts and Explorations of Solutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(10), 5884.
    [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105884](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105884)

    For additional information on APA Style formatting, please consult the Edition.

    **## JasonCarter-Essay1.docx**

    ## Home Gardening: A Solution for Food Insecurity

    ### Jason Carter

    ### Northwood University

    ### ENG 1150: English Composition 1

    ### Professor Janice Child

    ### April 6, 2025

    Jason,

    I garden, and I enjoyed this essay. It’s interesting and well-organized, but I questioned if you were writing for me in Michigan or someone miles farther south. Lots of people garden here. But it isn’t quite as easy as you suggest. Lots of people do raised beds – starting with sticks and twigs, then compost, then nice dirt. Then they plant and hope that the bunnies don’t get there first. Some people garden in neighborhood gardens, which seems like such a fun way to have a garden. I watch a fair amount of British gardening shows, and they seem to give everyone in their towns and villages access to plots in the neighborhood gardens. Neighborhood gardens make access to some of the tools that seem so helpful – like rototillers – accessible and free.

    But here there is quite a delay with a vegetable garden from seed. I’m usually thrilled by a tomato or two. I’ve never had the patience or luck to get a vegetable garden growing starting from seed. I tend to lose interest when I realize it will be a month or more before I’ll see a broccoli with my name on it. If I’m going to grow tomatoes, I start with a plant anymore.

    I’m going to be asking you to revise this essay for essay two. And by revise, I mean to see the topic with fresh eyes. Not just minor editing. I want a new essay on the same topic.

    You can either write from the opposite point of view – which is a great thing to do when you are trying to persuade someone about something political. As you consider the opposition’s point of view, you get a sense of where there might be consensus and where you might find areas that would be easy to argue against – if you were ever to improve your first persuasive paper.

    You could also take your broad topic and explore in greater detail some subtopic that interests you.

    For example, …

    you could focus on gardens for college students. I live close to Michigan State University, which began as Michigan Agricultural College in 1855. The central campus is surrounded by research labs, barns and fields that support its various agricultural programs.

    When I came to East Lansing for grad school, my then-boyfriend told me I was going to a cow college. I was offended, but it was a clue that he was a moron.

    It would be easy for MSU to find land and offer space and instruction for students in developing a garden. Why don’t they do that? I don’t know. Maybe they do.

    There would be lots of benefits – the obvious one would be less food insecurity, but there would also be greater understanding of the agricultural community that makes up a big part of this state – which would be helpful for the students who are not enrolled in education related programs. Cars may be our first product, tourism may be second, but agricultural products would be right up there.

    There would also be community outreach. There might be opportunities for the agricultural companies – seed producers, local (or university) farms involved in animal sciences to provide manure. This would be a public relations jackpot – tours, garden markets offering vegetables and products made from the crops, workshops to teach others to garden effectively.

    (In fact, the PR benefits could be the paper. So could addressing ways to get involvement from third parties or students.)

    Consider writing a persuasive essay aimed at the general audience, but also targeting institutions of higher education and the legislature suggesting that they act on the problem of food insecurity on campuses (and in the communities that surround them) to produce food that can be consumed by the grower and made available to the local community in need of help.

    Now you pick a subtopic for essay 2:

    You don’t have to use my topic, but don’t lose sight of the idea of making this a persuasive piece.

    · What do you want to happen? (your thesis)

    · What are the features and benefits if the plan is implemented

    · What should your audience do to make this a reality (the call to action).

    Home Gardening: A Solution for Food Insecurity

    Food insecurity is a significant global health issue that has negatively impacted people for many decades. The lack of availability of access to food on a continuous basis should not be an issue that people face in this modern society. A challenging economy, increasing food prices, and lower wages are just some of the variables that contribute to food insecurity. Now is the time for people to focus more on factors
    ~~in which~~ (I’m going to offer ideas when it seems like your sentence would provide the same content without some unneeded words. Keep thinking about being concise.) they can control. and aA resolution to food insecurity is for people to engage in sustainable living by growing their own food.

    Food insecurity is formally defined as reduced access to nutritious food that is needed to sustain a healthy lifestyle (Loofbourrow and Scherr, 2023). In past times, this was a problem that mostly only third world countries suffered from, but increasingly difficult economic times have seen more and more people in modern societies suffering from food insecurity. Food insecurity has been found to increase the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus which is a leading cause of death (Levi, Bleich, and Seligman, 2023). Food insecurity also affects the college landscape and leads to poorer academic performance and increasingly poorer health outcomes. Financial constraints are the largest factor contributing to these even with an increased number of food nutrition programs. (And it might be that some of the government funded food programs will be disappearing. Have you read about any that have been stopped. This is the only site I found that focused on U.S. food-related programs — https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-cuts-hit-struggling-food-banks-risking-hunger-low-income-americans-2025-03-25/.)

    The most popular food nutrition program is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and is itit is available throughout our nation. Benefit recipients can use SNAP benefits to purchase seeds to grow food in their own backyards or common areas. Instead of depending on high food costs from grocery produce, most fruits and vegetables can be easily grown for a more continuous supply. This will further allow SNAP benefits to stretch further as the benefits can be focused on buying items that can’t be grown. A DIY garden can be started with less than $100 dollars and the potential to increase the amount of available nutrition food is priceless. On average, most SNAP recipients receive about $189 each month to meet their nutrition needs. On the other hand, the average cost of groceries that each person needs each month is around $420, a $231 dollar deficit. If these people don’t have access to additional funds to supplement the deficit, most will ration their food out each month or starve themselves.

    College students are another group that suffer from food insecurity and need more feasible solutions. Most college students aren’t eligible for SNAP benefits because they are still considered dependents of their parents and guardians. Freshman students are generally well taken care of because they are on mandated meal plans and often have plenty of support to meet their financial needs. Upperclassmen have less support and less access to the nutritious food they need to maintain a healthy lifestyle and perform well as they get closer to obtaining their degree (Loofbourrow and Scherr, 2023). Even with many schools having food pantries, the shame and guilt that many students face with having to use that option is make it not a feasible solution.

    Creating a sustainable garden using one’s own bare hands surpasses just being a functional solution. A garden can bring joy and motivation for the future that a person was able to solve such a challenging situation. To start the garden, supplies can all be recycled materials found. Old wood can be repurposed and even plastic can be used to set up raised garden beds. Should you explain how? I’m not picturing how plastic can be used in a raised garden. Soil can be purchased or recycled as well using compost that can readily be found at garden centers. I have to say that the dirt and compost I buy at my local garden centers isn’t cheap. New gardeners should choose their favorite fruits and vegetables and then go to the local library to check out books to assist with the transition. Borrowing library books is cost-effective as limited funds aren’t used to purchase books. The only next step is to purchase the seeds and start planting! Okay, so I live in zone 6. (It used to be 5B, but it is getting warm enough so that the zone map tells me I have access to more plants. Still, when you buy seeds – assuming you have to wait for the ground to warm enough – you might be looking at 75 days from planting to a tomato, Should you identify the zone you are writing for? If you are in zone 9, say, your experience is much different than mine. Our season ends, maybe, late October, and with the lag time for seeds, the actual growing time is relatively short, which means hungry months from May to maybe July for some crops. The seeds will vary by season, so it is recommended to have seasonal garden beds and use seeds that are native to the region in which a person lives. As the seeds grow and the person learns more about the intricacies of gardening, this could also be another business venture. There are plenty of people that want to learn how to grow their own food as more people are becoming more health conscious about knowing what they are putting in their body.

    Overall, there are only so many factors that a person can control, and the economic growth of a society is not one of them. Food prices are continuing to rise, and more people will starve if they don’t find an alternate solution to combat this. A garden can practically pay for itself and is something that those with financial constraints should learn to do. It is such a great joy to be able to grow your own food and provide for yourself without having to worry about price. Imagine a world where more people are healthy and there are less health complications because of eating more nutritious food.

    References

    Levi, R., Bleich, S. N., & Seligman, H. K. (2023). Food Insecurity and Diabetes: Overview of

    Intersections and Potential Dual Solutions. Diabetes Care, 46(9), 1599–1608.
    [https://doi.org/10.2337/dci23-0002](https://doi.org/10.2337/dci23-0002)

    Loofbourrow, B. M., & Scherr, R. E. (2023). Food Insecurity in Higher Education: A

    Contemporary Review of Impacts and Explorations of Solutions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(10), 5884.
    [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105884](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105884)

    For additional information on APA Style formatting, please consult the Edition.

  • [Solved] Evaluate Certification Test Items Based on Item Analysis Results

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – a year ago **files (1)** – ## PSY8765Unit4Assignment.docx **## PSY8765Unit4Assignment.docx** 1 EVALUATE CERTIFICATION TEST ITEMS BASED ON ITEM ANALYSIS RESULTS Evaluate Certification Test Items Based on Item Analysis Results Jessica Holloway Capella University PSY8765 Test & Assessments in Workpla…

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    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – a year ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## PSY8765Unit4Assignment.docx

    **## PSY8765Unit4Assignment.docx**

    1

    EVALUATE CERTIFICATION TEST ITEMS BASED ON ITEM ANALYSIS RESULTS

    Evaluate Certification Test Items Based on Item Analysis Results

    Jessica Holloway

    Capella University

    PSY8765

    Test & Assessments in Workplace Psychology

    Dr. Alice Bailey

    May 4, 2025

    **Evaluate Certification Test Items Based on Item Analysis Results**

    **Overview**

    Premier Testing and Assessment Consulting will evaluate the efficacy of the item analysis of the item analysis results of the Professional Association of Gardeners and Landscaping Professionals certification exam. Even though subject matter professionals created the test, this demonstrates that instructions are required to guarantee the assessment is set up effectively. This report’s conclusion will assess each item’s quality and offer recommendations for each action.

    **Evaluation Criteria**

    The production of tests depends on item analysis since it reveals how well each question performs in determining which test takers comprehend the content and which do not (Sturman et al., 2021). The criteria used to assess test items are test item complexity, test security, risk, discrimination, and distractor analysis.

    The difficulty of an item is measured by the number of test-takers who properly answered it. Because it enables developers to make well-informed judgments regarding test structure and instructional strategies, an item’s difficulty functions as a criterion in assessing the quality of efficacy of tests. According to Turman et al. (2021), this can be represented as a percentage, where a higher percentage indicates a simpler question and a lower percentage suggests a more challenging one. Developers can better identify which test questions require change or replacement by classifying items. While challenging questions may deter students or fail to gauge their comprehension, easy questions may not distinguish across students’ knowledge levels.

    High-performing test takers and low-performing test takers are distinguished by item discrimination (Sturman et al., 2021). It provides insight into how successfully each test item differentiates between different comprehension levels. The percentage of right answers from two groups – the top scorers and the lower group – would be compared in order to compute this. According to Turman et al. (2021), a positive index suggests that the item is good at differentiating between different levels of knowledge because a larger percentage of students in the upper group answered correctly than those in the lower group. Confusion or ambiguity in the question may be indicated by a negative index, which suggests that more students in the lower group provided accurate answers than those in the upper group (Sturman et al., 202). It may not be a good discriminator if the index is around zero, which indicates that both groups performed similarly on that item (Sturman et al., 2021).

    A particular type of item analysis known as “distractor analysis” is devoted to analyzing the erroneous answer choices, or “distractors,” in multiple-choice questions. It looks at how well these distractors work to get answers from students who might not be aware of the right response (Forthmann et al., 2020). The objective is to make sure that distractions are convincing enough to elicit answers from students who have misconceptions or incomplete information, while yet enabling competent students to select the right solution.

    Test security leads to effective processes used to protect tests and maintain their value, per the International Test Commission Guidelines on the Security of Tests, Examinations, and Other Assessments (2016). Maintaining the validity and reliability of test results depends on this. Test security is important in item analysis because it has a direct effect on the caliber of information gathered from student answers. Maintaining the validity and reliability of test results depends on this. Test security is important in item analysis because it has a direct effect on the caliber of information gathered from student answers.

    In summary, a number of things require improvement to guarantee their efficacy and dependability. By carefully addressing these four areas – item difficulty, item discrimination, security, and distractor analysis – you can raise the overall caliber and effectiveness of your test. Some things need to be revised in order to make sure that the staff members are becoming proficient in their talents. Some things should be rewritten according to their difficulty, and distractions should be made more believable.

    References

    Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Forthmann, B., Forster, N., Schutze, B., Hebbecker, K., Flessner, J., Peters, M. T., & Souvignier, E. (2020). How much g is in the distractor? Re-thinking item-analysis of multiple-choice items.
    _Journal of Intelligence,_ 8(1), 11.
    [https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8010011](https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8010011)

    The International Test Commission Guidelines on the Security of Tests, Examinations, and Other Assessments, (2016).
    _International Journal of Testing,_ 16(3), 181-204. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1080/15305058.2015.1111221

    Lane, S., Raymond, M. R. & Haladyna, T. M. (Eds.). (2015).
    _Handbook of test development._ Taylor & Francis Group.

    Panjaitan, R. L., Irawati, R., Sujana, A., Hanifah, N., & Djuanda, D. (2018). Item validity vs. item discrimination index: a redundancy?
    _Journal of Physics: Conference Series,_ 983(1).
    [https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012101](https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012101)

    Sturman, C.W.J.S.R.T.M.S.E. (2021).
    _Psychological Testing and Assessment_(10th ed.). McGraw- Hill Higher Education (US).
    [https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781264169207](https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781264169207)

    **## PSY8765Unit4Assignment.docx**

    1

    EVALUATE CERTIFICATION TEST ITEMS BASED ON ITEM ANALYSIS RESULTS

    Evaluate Certification Test Items Based on Item Analysis Results

    Jessica Holloway

    Capella University

    PSY8765

    Test & Assessments in Workplace Psychology

    Dr. Alice Bailey

    May 4, 2025

    **Evaluate Certification Test Items Based on Item Analysis Results**

    **Overview**

    Premier Testing and Assessment Consulting will evaluate the efficacy of the item analysis of the item analysis results of the Professional Association of Gardeners and Landscaping Professionals certification exam. Even though subject matter professionals created the test, this demonstrates that instructions are required to guarantee the assessment is set up effectively. This report’s conclusion will assess each item’s quality and offer recommendations for each action.

    **Evaluation Criteria**

    The production of tests depends on item analysis since it reveals how well each question performs in determining which test takers comprehend the content and which do not (Sturman et al., 2021). The criteria used to assess test items are test item complexity, test security, risk, discrimination, and distractor analysis.

    The difficulty of an item is measured by the number of test-takers who properly answered it. Because it enables developers to make well-informed judgments regarding test structure and instructional strategies, an item’s difficulty functions as a criterion in assessing the quality of efficacy of tests. According to Turman et al. (2021), this can be represented as a percentage, where a higher percentage indicates a simpler question and a lower percentage suggests a more challenging one. Developers can better identify which test questions require change or replacement by classifying items. While challenging questions may deter students or fail to gauge their comprehension, easy questions may not distinguish across students’ knowledge levels.

    High-performing test takers and low-performing test takers are distinguished by item discrimination (Sturman et al., 2021). It provides insight into how successfully each test item differentiates between different comprehension levels. The percentage of right answers from two groups – the top scorers and the lower group – would be compared in order to compute this. According to Turman et al. (2021), a positive index suggests that the item is good at differentiating between different levels of knowledge because a larger percentage of students in the upper group answered correctly than those in the lower group. Confusion or ambiguity in the question may be indicated by a negative index, which suggests that more students in the lower group provided accurate answers than those in the upper group (Sturman et al., 202). It may not be a good discriminator if the index is around zero, which indicates that both groups performed similarly on that item (Sturman et al., 2021).

    A particular type of item analysis known as “distractor analysis” is devoted to analyzing the erroneous answer choices, or “distractors,” in multiple-choice questions. It looks at how well these distractors work to get answers from students who might not be aware of the right response (Forthmann et al., 2020). The objective is to make sure that distractions are convincing enough to elicit answers from students who have misconceptions or incomplete information, while yet enabling competent students to select the right solution.

    Test security leads to effective processes used to protect tests and maintain their value, per the International Test Commission Guidelines on the Security of Tests, Examinations, and Other Assessments (2016). Maintaining the validity and reliability of test results depends on this. Test security is important in item analysis because it has a direct effect on the caliber of information gathered from student answers. Maintaining the validity and reliability of test results depends on this. Test security is important in item analysis because it has a direct effect on the caliber of information gathered from student answers.

    In summary, a number of things require improvement to guarantee their efficacy and dependability. By carefully addressing these four areas – item difficulty, item discrimination, security, and distractor analysis – you can raise the overall caliber and effectiveness of your test. Some things need to be revised in order to make sure that the staff members are becoming proficient in their talents. Some things should be rewritten according to their difficulty, and distractions should be made more believable.

    References

    Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (2018). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Forthmann, B., Forster, N., Schutze, B., Hebbecker, K., Flessner, J., Peters, M. T., & Souvignier, E. (2020). How much g is in the distractor? Re-thinking item-analysis of multiple-choice items.
    _Journal of Intelligence,_ 8(1), 11.
    [https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8010011](https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence8010011)

    The International Test Commission Guidelines on the Security of Tests, Examinations, and Other Assessments, (2016).
    _International Journal of Testing,_ 16(3), 181-204. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1080/15305058.2015.1111221

    Lane, S., Raymond, M. R. & Haladyna, T. M. (Eds.). (2015).
    _Handbook of test development._ Taylor & Francis Group.

    Panjaitan, R. L., Irawati, R., Sujana, A., Hanifah, N., & Djuanda, D. (2018). Item validity vs. item discrimination index: a redundancy?
    _Journal of Physics: Conference Series,_ 983(1).
    [https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012101](https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012101)

    Sturman, C.W.J.S.R.T.M.S.E. (2021).
    _Psychological Testing and Assessment_(10th ed.). McGraw- Hill Higher Education (US).
    [https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781264169207](https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781264169207)

  • [Solved] English Montage Video Assignment

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

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    – a year ago **files (1)** – ## Montagevideoassignment.docx **## Montagevideoassignment.docx** What you have to do is to ask the question to any person interviewing in the video. These are the question we are trying to include: Please provide your perspective on the role social media platforms shoul…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – a year ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Montagevideoassignment.docx

    **## Montagevideoassignment.docx**

    What you have to do is to ask the question to any person interviewing in the video.

    These are the question we are trying to include:

    Please provide your perspective on the role social media platforms should play in preventing suicide among vulnerable users.

    Please provide insight on animal testing in scientific research.

    Please elaborate on how mass media shapes political decisions of general public Please give your viewpoint on mental asylum.

    Click the video of that person talking you sent or else at least give us audio with translation.

    So, basically, you will have to ask 3 questions to 3 different people in this video of another person talking, and you will have to take their perspective. As per their perspectives, or the factual information, you will need to gather many videos. You can get them from Google, YouTube, news, anywhere, but we will need many of them for all 3 questions. Use the sample link to learn more about the actual presentation if not a video of person talking we will at least need their audio.

    It’s basically video montage.

    **## Montagevideoassignment.docx**

    What you have to do is to ask the question to any person interviewing in the video.

    These are the question we are trying to include:

    Please provide your perspective on the role social media platforms should play in preventing suicide among vulnerable users.

    Please provide insight on animal testing in scientific research.

    Please elaborate on how mass media shapes political decisions of general public Please give your viewpoint on mental asylum.

    Click the video of that person talking you sent or else at least give us audio with translation.

    So, basically, you will have to ask 3 questions to 3 different people in this video of another person talking, and you will have to take their perspective. As per their perspectives, or the factual information, you will need to gather many videos. You can get them from Google, YouTube, news, anywhere, but we will need many of them for all 3 questions. Use the sample link to learn more about the actual presentation if not a video of person talking we will at least need their audio.

    It’s basically video montage.

  • [Solved] Education Unit 5 Final Assignment

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    Unit 5 Final Assignment – a year ago **files (1)** – ## Unit5_FinalProject_Assessment.docx **## Unit5_FinalProject_Assessment.docx** ## **Unit 5: Final Project/Assessment** Unit 5: Integrating Technology Across the Disciplines This unit addresses technology integration needs and practices specif…

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    Unit 5 Final Assignment

    – a year ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Unit5_FinalProject_Assessment.docx

    **## Unit5_FinalProject_Assessment.docx**

    ## **Unit 5: Final Project/Assessment**

    Unit 5: Integrating Technology Across the Disciplines

    This unit addresses technology integration needs and practices specific to various disciplinary content areas. The chapter has the following structure:

    ·
    **Review of issues in the field**—These issues shape the ways technology can be (or required to be) used.

    ·
    **Technology integration strategies and resources**—These are strategies being used to address instructional needs for the area, and are given along with example lesson ideas for these strategies.

    ·
    **Recommendations for teacher growth in technological knowledge**—These focus on how teachers may continue to grow in their understanding of issues and integration strategies for the content area and include a rubric for self-assessment.

    _You should select one discipline that is of interest to your future teaching career._

    _Your Final Assignment will focus on Chapter 5, Unit._

    **_Final Assignment Directions:_**

    **_You will select a discipline. You will focus on what aligns with this chapter's discipline. In your own words, discuss the following prompts (listed below) in a 5-minute audio submission. You will submit a 750-1000-word reflection._**

    **_You should expand and be detailed in your responses. You should provide Real real-world examples if applicable. (50 possible points)_**

    **_1. What do you feel is the biggest issue surrounding technology in education?_**

    **_2. What strategies and resources do you wish to integrate into your future classroom?_**

    **_3. After reviewing sample lesson plans focusing on a discipline, what ideas or activities do you feel you may adopt for a future lesson?_**

    **_4. What are you excited about for your future teaching career? Discuss some key ideas that you are excited to learn more about as you continue your educational career._**

    **_5. Overall: Your feelings about technology in the classroom. Provide rationale to support your thoughts on the topic._**

    **## Unit5_FinalProject_Assessment.docx**

    ## **Unit 5: Final Project/Assessment**

    Unit 5: Integrating Technology Across the Disciplines

    This unit addresses technology integration needs and practices specific to various disciplinary content areas. The chapter has the following structure:

    ·
    **Review of issues in the field**—These issues shape the ways technology can be (or required to be) used.

    ·
    **Technology integration strategies and resources**—These are strategies being used to address instructional needs for the area, and are given along with example lesson ideas for these strategies.

    ·
    **Recommendations for teacher growth in technological knowledge**—These focus on how teachers may continue to grow in their understanding of issues and integration strategies for the content area and include a rubric for self-assessment.

    _You should select one discipline that is of interest to your future teaching career._

    _Your Final Assignment will focus on Chapter 5, Unit._

    **_Final Assignment Directions:_**

    **_You will select a discipline. You will focus on what aligns with this chapter's discipline. In your own words, discuss the following prompts (listed below) in a 5-minute audio submission. You will submit a 750-1000-word reflection._**

    **_You should expand and be detailed in your responses. You should provide Real real-world examples if applicable. (50 possible points)_**

    **_1. What do you feel is the biggest issue surrounding technology in education?_**

    **_2. What strategies and resources do you wish to integrate into your future classroom?_**

    **_3. After reviewing sample lesson plans focusing on a discipline, what ideas or activities do you feel you may adopt for a future lesson?_**

    **_4. What are you excited about for your future teaching career? Discuss some key ideas that you are excited to learn more about as you continue your educational career._**

    **_5. Overall: Your feelings about technology in the classroom. Provide rationale to support your thoughts on the topic._**

  • [Solved] economics and enter fi

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    [>Economics homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-economics) – a year ago **files (1)** – ## Economicsandenterprisefi.pdf **## Economicsandenterprisefi.pdf** [https://v3.camscanner.com/user/download](https://v3.camscanner.com/user/download) [https://v3.camscanner.com/user…

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  • [Solved] digital media fi

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    [>Marketing homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-marketing)

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  • [Solved] Create a Policy Literature Review using APA 7 format, and scholarly references no older than 5 years.

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    **Objective:** The purpose of this assignment is to critically analyze a recent healthcare legislature and review the relevant literature, focusing on the role of nursing in advocating for and supporting policy changes. You will conduct a literature review of peer-reviewed articles, examine statisti…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    **Objective:**

    The purpose of this assignment is to critically analyze a recent healthcare legislature and review the relevant literature, focusing on the role of nursing in advocating for and supporting policy changes. You will conduct a literature review of peer-reviewed articles, examine statistical data, and assess the impact of the legislature on health outcomes and populations.

    **Assignment Instructions:**

    1. **Select a Recent Healthcare Legislature:**

    Choose a healthcare legislature passed within the last 5 years that is of interest to you. The legislature should be relevant to healthcare delivery, access, or practice. Examples include legislation addressing healthcare reform, access to services, public health policies, or advanced practice nursing roles.
    2. **Literature Review (3 Peer-Reviewed Articles):**

    Conduct a literature review of at least three peer-reviewed articles that explore the issue related to the chosen healthcare legislature. These articles should provide an evidence-based overview of the issue and offer insights into the implications of the legislation on the healthcare system, patient outcomes, and professional practice.
    3. **Statistical Data and Health Outcomes:**

    Provide statistical data relevant to the issue, including population demographics and the health outcomes impacted by the issue and the legislature. Discuss the scope of the problem, including any disparities or specific population groups affected by the legislature.
    4. **Nursing Role in the Legislature:**

    Analyze the role of nurses in advocating for, supporting, or implementing the healthcare legislature. What role did advanced practice nurses or nursing organizations play in the passage of the legislation? Discuss how nursing leadership contributed to influencing this policy.

    – [\
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    Assignment.PolicyLiteraureReview.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/assignment-policyliteraurereview-docx "Assignment.PolicyLiteraureReview.docx")

    – a year ago

  • [Solved] Business Finance – Operations Management Assignment 4: Research Paper

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    [>Operations Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-operations-management) based on a topic discussed in the readings – a year ago **files (1)** – ## ResearchPaper.docx **## ResearchPaper.docx** **Research Paper** The research paper should be based on a topic di…

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    [>Operations Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-operations-management)

    based on a topic discussed in the readings

    – a year ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## ResearchPaper.docx

    **## ResearchPaper.docx**

    **Research Paper**

    The research paper should be based on a topic discussed in the readings (books, articles) or videos. The requirements of this paper include a cover sheet (course title and name, paper title, student name and student ID), abstract, 5-8 numbered pages of text, and a reference page. The research paper requires at least five references.

    **All papers should meet the following criteria:**

    · Follow APA 7th edition formatting and style guidelines
    · Follow all instructions for each assignment
    · 12 inch standard font such as Arial, Times New Roman or Calibri
    · 1 inch margins
    · Double-spaced
    · Submitted on time
    · Represent your best work

    **## ResearchPaper.docx**

    **Research Paper**

    The research paper should be based on a topic discussed in the readings (books, articles) or videos. The requirements of this paper include a cover sheet (course title and name, paper title, student name and student ID), abstract, 5-8 numbered pages of text, and a reference page. The research paper requires at least five references.

    **All papers should meet the following criteria:**

    · Follow APA 7th edition formatting and style guidelines
    · Follow all instructions for each assignment
    · 12 inch standard font such as Arial, Times New Roman or Calibri
    · 1 inch margins
    · Double-spaced
    · Submitted on time
    · Represent your best work

  • [Solved] Business Finance – Operations Management Assignment 2 brief report

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    Executive Solution Overview

    [>Operations Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-operations-management) beginning of a Literature Review – a year ago **files (1)** – ## Week2assignment.docx **## Week2assignment.docx** Using your outline from week 1 as a guide, submit a minimum of 5 pages of…

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    [>Operations Management homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-operations-management)

    beginning of a Literature Review

    – a year ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Week2assignment.docx

    **## Week2assignment.docx**

    Using your outline from week 1 as a guide, submit a minimum of 5 pages of the research you have completed on your topic to date. You should have an introduction and a beginning of a Literature Review for this assignment. You must include a Cover Page, and list of References (not included in 5 page count).

    **## Week2assignment.docx**

    Using your outline from week 1 as a guide, submit a minimum of 5 pages of the research you have completed on your topic to date. You should have an introduction and a beginning of a Literature Review for this assignment. You must include a Cover Page, and list of References (not included in 5 page count).

  • [Solved] Beginning of Life PHI3633

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

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    1. Explain the following concepts: – Asexual – sexual reproduction. – Mitosis – Meiosis – Diploid – Haploid – Gametes – Fertilization – Zygote – Syngamy – Blastocyst – Implantation – Gastrulation – Embryo – Fetus 1. Explain the fertilization process from the cellular level to the fetus (as per vide…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    1. Explain the following concepts:

    – Asexual – sexual reproduction.
    – Mitosis – Meiosis
    – Diploid – Haploid
    – Gametes
    – Fertilization
    – Zygote
    – Syngamy
    – Blastocyst
    – Implantation
    – Gastrulation
    – Embryo – Fetus

    1. Explain the fertilization process from the cellular level to the fetus (as per video time 1:08:00)
    2. After learning about the fertilization process, and according to nature and objectively, and scientifically speaking, when does human life begin? Why?
    3. Read and summarize _Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services_ (ERD) PART FOUR Introduction.

    –  to be clear and concis ,proper grammar, punctuation, an sspelling.
    –  APA style Reference  within 5 years

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1q4T529rsA

    Need a Turnitin report, no AI

    – [\
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    – a year ago