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**files (2)** – ## theoriespersonalitywk1.docx – ## psycweek1.pdf **## theoriespersonalitywk1.docx** **500 words (p)** 1. Use the URL listed below and complete the online personality test based on Jung's theory. After taking the personality tests, discuss how you viewed the test, discuss the theory…
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**files (2)**
– ## theoriespersonalitywk1.docx
– ## psycweek1.pdf
**## theoriespersonalitywk1.docx**
**500 words (p)**
1. Use the URL listed below and complete the online personality test based on Jung's theory. After taking the personality tests, discuss how you viewed the test, discuss the theory being used, discuss whether or not the information useful/accurate, etc. Discuss if your results were as you expected and if not what did you discover about your personality. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using such test. Discuss if you believe tests such as these should be used to determine if a person is fit for employment; what types of jobs are these tests most beneficial?
[Personality](http://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type) [https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type](https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type)
2. Adler suggest that each child is treated differently within a family depending on the child's birth order. Considering your own birth order, describe how you experiences may have been different from a child with a different birth order. Discuss how the experiences caused by your birth order may have influenced your adult personality. Discuss if you agree with Adler on his ideas of characteristics of each child in each specific birth order.
**## psycweek1.pdf**
Chapter 1 Discussion Boards: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science (400
words)
Hello, Welcome to the Module 1 Discussion Board. This week discussion topic: Using
Animals in Research. Your answer to the discussion question should be in paragraph
format. A paragraph is a minimum of 5 complete sentences. You can add more sentences
if you like. Be sure to include information from the textbook and to cite the textbook
(according to the textbook or the textbook stated). You can also use outside sources if you
like but be sure to reference them (APA format).
Psychology’s Research Ethics
You are part of the Animal Care Committee for your university. It is the committee’s
responsibility to evaluate and either approve or reject research proposals submitted by
faculty members who want to use animals for research or instructional purposes in
psychology, biology, or medicine. The proposals describe the experiments, including the
goals and potential benefits of the research as well as any discomfort or injury that they
may cause the animal subjects.
There are 4 proposals (see below). Choose 2 proposals and make a decision either to
approve the research or deny permission for the experiments. You must thoroughly
explain why you would approve the research or deny it. Use information from the
textbook to support your decision.
CASE 1
Professor King is a psychobiologist working on the frontiers of a new and exciting research
area of neuroscience, brain grafting. Research has shown that neural tissue can be
removed from the brains of monkey fetuses and implant- ed into the brains of monkeys that
have suLered brain damage. The neurons seem to make the proper connections and are
sometimes eLective in improving performance in brain-damaged animals. These
experiments oLer important animal models for human degenerative diseases such as
Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Dr. King wants to transplant tissue from fetal monkey brains
into the entorhinal cortex of adult monkeys; this is the area of the human brain that is
involved with Alzheimer’s disease.
The experiment will use 20 adult rhesus monkeys. First, the monkeys will be subjected to
ablation surgery in the entorhinal cortex. This procedure will involve anesthetizing the
animals, opening their skulls, and making lesions using a surgical instrument. After they
recover, the monkeys will be tested on a learning task to make sure their memory is
impaired. Three months later, half of the animals will be given transplant surgery. Tissue
taken from the cortex of monkey fetuses will be implanted into the area of the brain
damage. Control animals will be subjected to sham surgery, and all animals will be allowed
to recover for 2 months. They will then learn a task to test the hypothesis that the animals
having brain grafts will show better memory than the control group.
Dr. King argues that this research is in the exploratory stages and can only be done using
animals. She further states that by the year 2004 about 3 million Americans will have
Alzheimer’s disease and that her research could lead to a treatment for the devastating
memory loss that Alzheimer’s victims suLer.
CASE 2
Dr. Fine is a developmental psychobiologist. His research concerns the genetic control of
complex behaviors. One of the major debates in his field concerns how behavior develops
when an animal has no opportunity to learn a response. He hypothesizes that the complex
grooming sequence of mice might be a behavior pattern that is built into the brain at birth,
even though it is not expressed until weeks later. To investigate whether the motor patterns
involved in grooming are acquired or innate, he wants to raise animals with no opportunity
to learn the response. Rearing animals in social isolation is insuLicient because the mice
could teach themselves the response. Certain random movements could accidentally
result in the removal of debris. These would then be repeated and could be coordinated
into the complex sequence that would appear to be instinctive but would actually be
learned. To show that the behaviors are truly innate, he needs to demonstrate that animals
raised with no opportunity to perform any grooming-like movements make the proper
movements when they are old enough to exhibit the behavior.
Dr. Fine proposes to conduct the experiment on 10 newborn mice. As soon as the animals
are born, they will be anesthetized and their front limbs amputated. This procedure will
ensure that they will not be reinforced for making random grooming movements that
remove debris from their bodies. The mice will then be returned to their mothers. The
animals will be observed on a regular schedule using standard observation techniques.
Limb movements will be filmed and analyzed. If grooming is a learned behavior, then the
mice should not make grooming movements with their stumps as the movements will not
remove dirt. If, however, grooming movements are innately organized in the brain, then the
animals should eventually show grooming-like movement with the stumps.
In his proposal, Dr. Fine notes that experimental results cannot be directly applied to
human behavior. He argues, however, that the experiment will shed light on an important
theoretical debate in the field of developmental psycho- biology. He also stresses that the
amputations are painless and the animals will be well treated after the operation.
CASE 3
Your university includes a college of veterinary medicine. In the past, the veterinary
students have practiced surgical techniques on dogs procured from a local animal shelter.
However, there have been some objections to this practice, and the veterinary school
wants the approval of your committee to continue this practice. They make the following
points.
1. Almost all of these animals will eventually be killed at the animal shelter. It is
wasteful of life to breed animals for the vet school when there is an ample supply of
animals that are going to be killed anyway, either because their owners do not want
them or because they are homeless.
2. It costs at least 10 times as much to raise purebred animals for research purposes;
this money could be better used to fund research that would benefit many animals.
3. Research with dogs from animal shelters and the practice surgeries will, in the long
run, aid the lives of animals by training veterinarians and producing treatments for
diseases that aLlict animals.
A local group of animal welfare activists has urged your committee to deny the veterinary
school’s request. They argue that the majority of these animals are lost or stolen pets, and
it is tragic to think that the dog you have grown to love will wind up on a surgical table or in
an experiment. Furthermore, they claim that as people become aware that animals taken
to shelters may end up in research laboratories, they will stop using the shelters. Finally,
the activists point out that in countries such as England, veterinary students do not
perform practice surgery; they learn surgical techniques in an extensive apprenticeship.
CASE 4
The Psychology Department is requesting permission from your committee to use 10 rats
per semester for demonstration experiments in a physiological psychology course. The
students will work in groups of three; each group will be given a rat. The students will first
perform surgery on the rats. Each animal will be anesthetized. Following standard surgical
procedures, an incision will be made in the scalp and two holes drilled in the animal’s skull.
Electrodes will be lowered into the brain to create lesions on each side. The animals will
then be allowed to recover. Several weeks later, the eLects of destroying this part of the
animal’s brain will be tested in a shuttle avoidance task in which the animals will learn
when to cross over an electrified grid.
The instructor acknowledges that the procedure is a common demonstration and that no
new scientific information will be gained from the experiment. He argues, however, that
students taking a course in physiological psychology must have the opportunity to engage
in small animal surgery and to see firsthand the eLects of brain lesions.
**## psycweek1.pdf**
Chapter 1 Discussion Boards: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science (400
words)
Hello, Welcome to the Module 1 Discussion Board. This week discussion topic: Using
Animals in Research. Your answer to the discussion question should be in paragraph
format. A paragraph is a minimum of 5 complete sentences. You can add more sentences
if you like. Be sure to include information from the textbook and to cite the textbook
(according to the textbook or the textbook stated). You can also use outside sources if you
like but be sure to reference them (APA format).
Psychology’s Research Ethics
You are part of the Animal Care Committee for your university. It is the committee’s
responsibility to evaluate and either approve or reject research proposals submitted by
faculty members who want to use animals for research or instructional purposes in
psychology, biology, or medicine. The proposals describe the experiments, including the
goals and potential benefits of the research as well as any discomfort or injury that they
may cause the animal subjects.
There are 4 proposals (see below). Choose 2 proposals and make a decision either to
approve the research or deny permission for the experiments. You must thoroughly
explain why you would approve the research or deny it. Use information from the
textbook to support your decision.
CASE 1
Professor King is a psychobiologist working on the frontiers of a new and exciting research
area of neuroscience, brain grafting. Research has shown that neural tissue can be
removed from the brains of monkey fetuses and implant- ed into the brains of monkeys that
have suLered brain damage. The neurons seem to make the proper connections and are
sometimes eLective in improving performance in brain-damaged animals. These
experiments oLer important animal models for human degenerative diseases such as
Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Dr. King wants to transplant tissue from fetal monkey brains
into the entorhinal cortex of adult monkeys; this is the area of the human brain that is
involved with Alzheimer’s disease.
The experiment will use 20 adult rhesus monkeys. First, the monkeys will be subjected to
ablation surgery in the entorhinal cortex. This procedure will involve anesthetizing the
animals, opening their skulls, and making lesions using a surgical instrument. After they
recover, the monkeys will be tested on a learning task to make sure their memory is
impaired. Three months later, half of the animals will be given transplant surgery. Tissue
taken from the cortex of monkey fetuses will be implanted into the area of the brain
damage. Control animals will be subjected to sham surgery, and all animals will be allowed
to recover for 2 months. They will then learn a task to test the hypothesis that the animals
having brain grafts will show better memory than the control group.
Dr. King argues that this research is in the exploratory stages and can only be done using
animals. She further states that by the year 2004 about 3 million Americans will have
Alzheimer’s disease and that her research could lead to a treatment for the devastating
memory loss that Alzheimer’s victims suLer.
CASE 2
Dr. Fine is a developmental psychobiologist. His research concerns the genetic control of
complex behaviors. One of the major debates in his field concerns how behavior develops
when an animal has no opportunity to learn a response. He hypothesizes that the complex
grooming sequence of mice might be a behavior pattern that is built into the brain at birth,
even though it is not expressed until weeks later. To investigate whether the motor patterns
involved in grooming are acquired or innate, he wants to raise animals with no opportunity
to learn the response. Rearing animals in social isolation is insuLicient because the mice
could teach themselves the response. Certain random movements could accidentally
result in the removal of debris. These would then be repeated and could be coordinated
into the complex sequence that would appear to be instinctive but would actually be
learned. To show that the behaviors are truly innate, he needs to demonstrate that animals
raised with no opportunity to perform any grooming-like movements make the proper
movements when they are old enough to exhibit the behavior.
Dr. Fine proposes to conduct the experiment on 10 newborn mice. As soon as the animals
are born, they will be anesthetized and their front limbs amputated. This procedure will
ensure that they will not be reinforced for making random grooming movements that
remove debris from their bodies. The mice will then be returned to their mothers. The
animals will be observed on a regular schedule using standard observation techniques.
Limb movements will be filmed and analyzed. If grooming is a learned behavior, then the
mice should not make grooming movements with their stumps as the movements will not
remove dirt. If, however, grooming movements are innately organized in the brain, then the
animals should eventually show grooming-like movement with the stumps.
In his proposal, Dr. Fine notes that experimental results cannot be directly applied to
human behavior. He argues, however, that the experiment will shed light on an important
theoretical debate in the field of developmental psycho- biology. He also stresses that the
amputations are painless and the animals will be well treated after the operation.
CASE 3
Your university includes a college of veterinary medicine. In the past, the veterinary
students have practiced surgical techniques on dogs procured from a local animal shelter.
However, there have been some objections to this practice, and the veterinary school
wants the approval of your committee to continue this practice. They make the following
points.
1. Almost all of these animals will eventually be killed at the animal shelter. It is
wasteful of life to breed animals for the vet school when there is an ample supply of
animals that are going to be killed anyway, either because their owners do not want
them or because they are homeless.
2. It costs at least 10 times as much to raise purebred animals for research purposes;
this money could be better used to fund research that would benefit many animals.
3. Research with dogs from animal shelters and the practice surgeries will, in the long
run, aid the lives of animals by training veterinarians and producing treatments for
diseases that aLlict animals.
A local group of animal welfare activists has urged your committee to deny the veterinary
school’s request. They argue that the majority of these animals are lost or stolen pets, and
it is tragic to think that the dog you have grown to love will wind up on a surgical table or in
an experiment. Furthermore, they claim that as people become aware that animals taken
to shelters may end up in research laboratories, they will stop using the shelters. Finally,
the activists point out that in countries such as England, veterinary students do not
perform practice surgery; they learn surgical techniques in an extensive apprenticeship.
CASE 4
The Psychology Department is requesting permission from your committee to use 10 rats
per semester for demonstration experiments in a physiological psychology course. The
students will work in groups of three; each group will be given a rat. The students will first
perform surgery on the rats. Each animal will be anesthetized. Following standard surgical
procedures, an incision will be made in the scalp and two holes drilled in the animal’s skull.
Electrodes will be lowered into the brain to create lesions on each side. The animals will
then be allowed to recover. Several weeks later, the eLects of destroying this part of the
animal’s brain will be tested in a shuttle avoidance task in which the animals will learn
when to cross over an electrified grid.
The instructor acknowledges that the procedure is a common demonstration and that no
new scientific information will be gained from the experiment. He argues, however, that
students taking a course in physiological psychology must have the opportunity to engage
in small animal surgery and to see firsthand the eLects of brain lesions.
**## theoriespersonalitywk1.docx**
**500 words (p)**
1. Use the URL listed below and complete the online personality test based on Jung's theory. After taking the personality tests, discuss how you viewed the test, discuss the theory being used, discuss whether or not the information useful/accurate, etc. Discuss if your results were as you expected and if not what did you discover about your personality. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using such test. Discuss if you believe tests such as these should be used to determine if a person is fit for employment; what types of jobs are these tests most beneficial?
[Personality](http://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type) [https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type](https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type)
2. Adler suggest that each child is treated differently within a family depending on the child's birth order. Considering your own birth order, describe how you experiences may have been different from a child with a different birth order. Discuss how the experiences caused by your birth order may have influenced your adult personality. Discuss if you agree with Adler on his ideas of characteristics of each child in each specific birth order.
**## psycweek1.pdf**
Chapter 1 Discussion Boards: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science (400
words)
Hello, Welcome to the Module 1 Discussion Board. This week discussion topic: Using
Animals in Research. Your answer to the discussion question should be in paragraph
format. A paragraph is a minimum of 5 complete sentences. You can add more sentences
if you like. Be sure to include information from the textbook and to cite the textbook
(according to the textbook or the textbook stated). You can also use outside sources if you
like but be sure to reference them (APA format).
Psychology’s Research Ethics
You are part of the Animal Care Committee for your university. It is the committee’s
responsibility to evaluate and either approve or reject research proposals submitted by
faculty members who want to use animals for research or instructional purposes in
psychology, biology, or medicine. The proposals describe the experiments, including the
goals and potential benefits of the research as well as any discomfort or injury that they
may cause the animal subjects.
There are 4 proposals (see below). Choose 2 proposals and make a decision either to
approve the research or deny permission for the experiments. You must thoroughly
explain why you would approve the research or deny it. Use information from the
textbook to support your decision.
CASE 1
Professor King is a psychobiologist working on the frontiers of a new and exciting research
area of neuroscience, brain grafting. Research has shown that neural tissue can be
removed from the brains of monkey fetuses and implant- ed into the brains of monkeys that
have suLered brain damage. The neurons seem to make the proper connections and are
sometimes eLective in improving performance in brain-damaged animals. These
experiments oLer important animal models for human degenerative diseases such as
Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Dr. King wants to transplant tissue from fetal monkey brains
into the entorhinal cortex of adult monkeys; this is the area of the human brain that is
involved with Alzheimer’s disease.
The experiment will use 20 adult rhesus monkeys. First, the monkeys will be subjected to
ablation surgery in the entorhinal cortex. This procedure will involve anesthetizing the
animals, opening their skulls, and making lesions using a surgical instrument. After they
recover, the monkeys will be tested on a learning task to make sure their memory is
impaired. Three months later, half of the animals will be given transplant surgery. Tissue
taken from the cortex of monkey fetuses will be implanted into the area of the brain
damage. Control animals will be subjected to sham surgery, and all animals will be allowed
to recover for 2 months. They will then learn a task to test the hypothesis that the animals
having brain grafts will show better memory than the control group.
Dr. King argues that this research is in the exploratory stages and can only be done using
animals. She further states that by the year 2004 about 3 million Americans will have
Alzheimer’s disease and that her research could lead to a treatment for the devastating
memory loss that Alzheimer’s victims suLer.
CASE 2
Dr. Fine is a developmental psychobiologist. His research concerns the genetic control of
complex behaviors. One of the major debates in his field concerns how behavior develops
when an animal has no opportunity to learn a response. He hypothesizes that the complex
grooming sequence of mice might be a behavior pattern that is built into the brain at birth,
even though it is not expressed until weeks later. To investigate whether the motor patterns
involved in grooming are acquired or innate, he wants to raise animals with no opportunity
to learn the response. Rearing animals in social isolation is insuLicient because the mice
could teach themselves the response. Certain random movements could accidentally
result in the removal of debris. These would then be repeated and could be coordinated
into the complex sequence that would appear to be instinctive but would actually be
learned. To show that the behaviors are truly innate, he needs to demonstrate that animals
raised with no opportunity to perform any grooming-like movements make the proper
movements when they are old enough to exhibit the behavior.
Dr. Fine proposes to conduct the experiment on 10 newborn mice. As soon as the animals
are born, they will be anesthetized and their front limbs amputated. This procedure will
ensure that they will not be reinforced for making random grooming movements that
remove debris from their bodies. The mice will then be returned to their mothers. The
animals will be observed on a regular schedule using standard observation techniques.
Limb movements will be filmed and analyzed. If grooming is a learned behavior, then the
mice should not make grooming movements with their stumps as the movements will not
remove dirt. If, however, grooming movements are innately organized in the brain, then the
animals should eventually show grooming-like movement with the stumps.
In his proposal, Dr. Fine notes that experimental results cannot be directly applied to
human behavior. He argues, however, that the experiment will shed light on an important
theoretical debate in the field of developmental psycho- biology. He also stresses that the
amputations are painless and the animals will be well treated after the operation.
CASE 3
Your university includes a college of veterinary medicine. In the past, the veterinary
students have practiced surgical techniques on dogs procured from a local animal shelter.
However, there have been some objections to this practice, and the veterinary school
wants the approval of your committee to continue this practice. They make the following
points.
1. Almost all of these animals will eventually be killed at the animal shelter. It is
wasteful of life to breed animals for the vet school when there is an ample supply of
animals that are going to be killed anyway, either because their owners do not want
them or because they are homeless.
2. It costs at least 10 times as much to raise purebred animals for research purposes;
this money could be better used to fund research that would benefit many animals.
3. Research with dogs from animal shelters and the practice surgeries will, in the long
run, aid the lives of animals by training veterinarians and producing treatments for
diseases that aLlict animals.
A local group of animal welfare activists has urged your committee to deny the veterinary
school’s request. They argue that the majority of these animals are lost or stolen pets, and
it is tragic to think that the dog you have grown to love will wind up on a surgical table or in
an experiment. Furthermore, they claim that as people become aware that animals taken
to shelters may end up in research laboratories, they will stop using the shelters. Finally,
the activists point out that in countries such as England, veterinary students do not
perform practice surgery; they learn surgical techniques in an extensive apprenticeship.
CASE 4
The Psychology Department is requesting permission from your committee to use 10 rats
per semester for demonstration experiments in a physiological psychology course. The
students will work in groups of three; each group will be given a rat. The students will first
perform surgery on the rats. Each animal will be anesthetized. Following standard surgical
procedures, an incision will be made in the scalp and two holes drilled in the animal’s skull.
Electrodes will be lowered into the brain to create lesions on each side. The animals will
then be allowed to recover. Several weeks later, the eLects of destroying this part of the
animal’s brain will be tested in a shuttle avoidance task in which the animals will learn
when to cross over an electrified grid.
The instructor acknowledges that the procedure is a common demonstration and that no
new scientific information will be gained from the experiment. He argues, however, that
students taking a course in physiological psychology must have the opportunity to engage
in small animal surgery and to see firsthand the eLects of brain lesions.
**## theoriespersonalitywk1.docx**
**500 words (p)**
1. Use the URL listed below and complete the online personality test based on Jung's theory. After taking the personality tests, discuss how you viewed the test, discuss the theory being used, discuss whether or not the information useful/accurate, etc. Discuss if your results were as you expected and if not what did you discover about your personality. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using such test. Discuss if you believe tests such as these should be used to determine if a person is fit for employment; what types of jobs are these tests most beneficial?
[Personality](http://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type) [https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type](https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/type)
2. Adler suggest that each child is treated differently within a family depending on the child's birth order. Considering your own birth order, describe how you experiences may have been different from a child with a different birth order. Discuss how the experiences caused by your birth order may have influenced your adult personality. Discuss if you agree with Adler on his ideas of characteristics of each child in each specific birth order.
**## psycweek1.pdf**
Chapter 1 Discussion Boards: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science (400
words)
Hello, Welcome to the Module 1 Discussion Board. This week discussion topic: Using
Animals in Research. Your answer to the discussion question should be in paragraph
format. A paragraph is a minimum of 5 complete sentences. You can add more sentences
if you like. Be sure to include information from the textbook and to cite the textbook
(according to the textbook or the textbook stated). You can also use outside sources if you
like but be sure to reference them (APA format).
Psychology’s Research Ethics
You are part of the Animal Care Committee for your university. It is the committee’s
responsibility to evaluate and either approve or reject research proposals submitted by
faculty members who want to use animals for research or instructional purposes in
psychology, biology, or medicine. The proposals describe the experiments, including the
goals and potential benefits of the research as well as any discomfort or injury that they
may cause the animal subjects.
There are 4 proposals (see below). Choose 2 proposals and make a decision either to
approve the research or deny permission for the experiments. You must thoroughly
explain why you would approve the research or deny it. Use information from the
textbook to support your decision.
CASE 1
Professor King is a psychobiologist working on the frontiers of a new and exciting research
area of neuroscience, brain grafting. Research has shown that neural tissue can be
removed from the brains of monkey fetuses and implant- ed into the brains of monkeys that
have suLered brain damage. The neurons seem to make the proper connections and are
sometimes eLective in improving performance in brain-damaged animals. These
experiments oLer important animal models for human degenerative diseases such as
Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Dr. King wants to transplant tissue from fetal monkey brains
into the entorhinal cortex of adult monkeys; this is the area of the human brain that is
involved with Alzheimer’s disease.
The experiment will use 20 adult rhesus monkeys. First, the monkeys will be subjected to
ablation surgery in the entorhinal cortex. This procedure will involve anesthetizing the
animals, opening their skulls, and making lesions using a surgical instrument. After they
recover, the monkeys will be tested on a learning task to make sure their memory is
impaired. Three months later, half of the animals will be given transplant surgery. Tissue
taken from the cortex of monkey fetuses will be implanted into the area of the brain
damage. Control animals will be subjected to sham surgery, and all animals will be allowed
to recover for 2 months. They will then learn a task to test the hypothesis that the animals
having brain grafts will show better memory than the control group.
Dr. King argues that this research is in the exploratory stages and can only be done using
animals. She further states that by the year 2004 about 3 million Americans will have
Alzheimer’s disease and that her research could lead to a treatment for the devastating
memory loss that Alzheimer’s victims suLer.
CASE 2
Dr. Fine is a developmental psychobiologist. His research concerns the genetic control of
complex behaviors. One of the major debates in his field concerns how behavior develops
when an animal has no opportunity to learn a response. He hypothesizes that the complex
grooming sequence of mice might be a behavior pattern that is built into the brain at birth,
even though it is not expressed until weeks later. To investigate whether the motor patterns
involved in grooming are acquired or innate, he wants to raise animals with no opportunity
to learn the response. Rearing animals in social isolation is insuLicient because the mice
could teach themselves the response. Certain random movements could accidentally
result in the removal of debris. These would then be repeated and could be coordinated
into the complex sequence that would appear to be instinctive but would actually be
learned. To show that the behaviors are truly innate, he needs to demonstrate that animals
raised with no opportunity to perform any grooming-like movements make the proper
movements when they are old enough to exhibit the behavior.
Dr. Fine proposes to conduct the experiment on 10 newborn mice. As soon as the animals
are born, they will be anesthetized and their front limbs amputated. This procedure will
ensure that they will not be reinforced for making random grooming movements that
remove debris from their bodies. The mice will then be returned to their mothers. The
animals will be observed on a regular schedule using standard observation techniques.
Limb movements will be filmed and analyzed. If grooming is a learned behavior, then the
mice should not make grooming movements with their stumps as the movements will not
remove dirt. If, however, grooming movements are innately organized in the brain, then the
animals should eventually show grooming-like movement with the stumps.
In his proposal, Dr. Fine notes that experimental results cannot be directly applied to
human behavior. He argues, however, that the experiment will shed light on an important
theoretical debate in the field of developmental psycho- biology. He also stresses that the
amputations are painless and the animals will be well treated after the operation.
CASE 3
Your university includes a college of veterinary medicine. In the past, the veterinary
students have practiced surgical techniques on dogs procured from a local animal shelter.
However, there have been some objections to this practice, and the veterinary school
wants the approval of your committee to continue this practice. They make the following
points.
1. Almost all of these animals will eventually be killed at the animal shelter. It is
wasteful of life to breed animals for the vet school when there is an ample supply of
animals that are going to be killed anyway, either because their owners do not want
them or because they are homeless.
2. It costs at least 10 times as much to raise purebred animals for research purposes;
this money could be better used to fund research that would benefit many animals.
3. Research with dogs from animal shelters and the practice surgeries will, in the long
run, aid the lives of animals by training veterinarians and producing treatments for
diseases that aLlict animals.
A local group of animal welfare activists has urged your committee to deny the veterinary
school’s request. They argue that the majority of these animals are lost or stolen pets, and
it is tragic to think that the dog you have grown to love will wind up on a surgical table or in
an experiment. Furthermore, they claim that as people become aware that animals taken
to shelters may end up in research laboratories, they will stop using the shelters. Finally,
the activists point out that in countries such as England, veterinary students do not
perform practice surgery; they learn surgical techniques in an extensive apprenticeship.
CASE 4
The Psychology Department is requesting permission from your committee to use 10 rats
per semester for demonstration experiments in a physiological psychology course. The
students will work in groups of three; each group will be given a rat. The students will first
perform surgery on the rats. Each animal will be anesthetized. Following standard surgical
procedures, an incision will be made in the scalp and two holes drilled in the animal’s skull.
Electrodes will be lowered into the brain to create lesions on each side. The animals will
then be allowed to recover. Several weeks later, the eLects of destroying this part of the
animal’s brain will be tested in a shuttle avoidance task in which the animals will learn
when to cross over an electrified grid.
The instructor acknowledges that the procedure is a common demonstration and that no
new scientific information will be gained from the experiment. He argues, however, that
students taking a course in physiological psychology must have the opportunity to engage
in small animal surgery and to see firsthand the eLects of brain lesions.