Assignment Prompt & Instructions
[>Accounting homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/business-finance-accounting)
Final Research,
**files (3)**
– ## WritingTaskFinalProblemSolutionPaper.docx
– ## APABlankTemplateResearchWriting.docx
– ## Week3WritingTaskSolution-correction.pdf
**## WritingTaskFinalProblemSolutionPaper.docx**
This week, you will take the draft of your problem from Week 2 and your solution from Week 3 and use the feedback you received to revise these sections. Then, you will incorporate those sections into a complete research paper.
Please review the requirements for the paper carefully.
1. Paper must be in APA 7th edition format, including a cover page, paper with section headings, and reference page.
2. Level 1 headings will include: Problem, Solution, Counterargument or Unintended Consequences, Conclusion
3. Level 2 headings within sections are optional, but should follow APA format if used.
4. Review the details of
[APA format](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format). An abstract is NOT required.
5. Include a minimum of 7 unique, scholarly, peer-reviewed sources to support your research. Sources must be cited within the paper
and included on the reference page.
6. Paper must be 2000-2500 words, excluding the cover page and references.
**1. Introduction (150–200 words). No heading is used for the introduction.**
· Frame the issue within the discipline
· Establish urgency or significance
· Present a refined thesis
**2. Problem Section (Revised from Module 2) (~750–900 words)**
· Provide contextual framing
· Identify 2–3 contributing factors
· Explain how these factors interact and contribute to the problem
· Narrow the scope to a primary contributing factor
· Include at least 3 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**3. Proposed Solution (Revised from Module 3) (~500–600 words)**
· Clearly define the intervention, reform, or practice change
· Demonstrate how the solution directly addresses the primary contributing factor
· Discuss feasibility–practical implementation barriers or potential constraints
· Include at least 2 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**4. Counterargument and Unintended Consequence (Revised from Module 3) (~250–350 words)**
· Explain why reasonable professionals might oppose the solution
· Respond with an evidence-based rebuttal
· Examine at least one realistic unintended consequence
· Explain how this issue might be mitigated
· Include at least 2 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**5. Professional Implications & Conclusion (~150–200 words)**
· Explain relevance to field
· Identify potential for implementation
· Address areas for continued inquiry
**REQUIREMENTS**
·
**Cite your source with direct quotes, paraphrased content, and correct in-text citations**
·
**Include an APA-formatted reference page with permalinks to online articles**
·
**You may use this blank APA paper template**
**Please note the following:**
· All papers must be Microsoft Word documents.
· The paper is double-spaced in Times New Roman, size 12, and has no extra line space between the paragraphs.
· The paper uses one-inch margins and half-inch indentions for the beginning of paragraphs. You can set this up in Microsoft Word to automatically default to these settings for your paper.
· Your paper should include level 1 headings and may include level 2 headings.
· You may review this sample paper.
**## APABlankTemplateResearchWriting.docx**
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| RUNNING HEAD TITLE | | |
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| — | — | — |
| RUNNING HEAD TITLE (SHORTENED) | | 2 |
## Paper Title: Up to 12 Words or Two Lines
### [Blank line]
### Author First M. Last
### Institutional Affiliation(s)
### Course Number: Course Name
Abstract
The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are now to use bold heading format. References, Footnotes, and Figure section titles should also be written in bold. To do this, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles dropdown menu.
Keywords: Add keywords here.
Paper Title in Bold at the Top of Page 2
Begin your paper with the paper title at the top of the first page of text. Your title acts as a default Level 1 heading; therefore, it is centered and in bold. Don’t use “Introduction” as your heading as it’s assumed the introduction text will be at the beginning of your paper. The body uses a half-inch first line indent and should be double-spaced. APA style provides for up to five heading levels, shown in the paragraphs that follow.
## Level 1 Heading
Heading levels 1-3 get their own paragraph, as shown. Headings 4 and 5 are run-in headings used at the beginning of the paragraph. Include a period at the end of a run-in heading. Double-space all text, including headings. Use descriptive headings to help readers identify sections of your paper.
### Level 2 Heading1
To add a table of contents (TOC), apply the appropriate heading style to just the heading text at the start of a paragraph and it will show up in your TOC. To do this, select the text for your heading. Then, on the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, click the style you need.
#### Level 3 Heading
If needed, you can include consecutive paragraphs with their own headings, where appropriate. For APA Style formatting, type your own references. To correctly format a reference page according to APA Style guidelines, see page five.
Level 4 Heading. When using headings, don’t skip levels. If you need a heading 3, 4, or 5 with no text following it before the next heading, add a period at the end of the heading and start a new paragraph for your subheading and its text. When citing any quote or text that consists of three or more lines, APA guidelines call for block-quote format:
Create a new paragraph to begin the block-quote. Double-space each line of text, as you have done with headings, section labels, and paragraphs of paraphrased text. To correctly format a block-quote, indent each line of the text to one-half inch. Remember to always cite your source (Last Name, Year).
Last Name (Year) citations can be used when writing a paper in narrative form. Parenthetical citations are also appropriate (Last Name, Year).
Level 5 Heading. Like all sections of your paper, references start on their own page, like the page that follows this one. All in-text citations should also be included your references.
References
Last Name, A. B. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Pages #-#. URL. URL.
Last Name, C. D. (Year). Book TitleBook Title URL.
Last Name, D. E., Last Name, F. G. (Year). Report TitleReport Title URL.
Last Name, H. I. (Year, Month Day). Article Title/Headline. Periodical.Periodical.
Organization Name. (Year, Month Day).
Webpage Title. URL.
| | | |
| — | — | — |
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**## Week3WritingTaskSolution-correction.pdf**
1
Writing Task Solution
Leidylin Guerrero
Keiser University
ENC4313-Research Writing
Diane McMurry, Ph.D.
28 June 2026
2
Solution: Ambient AI Scribes as an Intervention for EHR Documentation Burden
Transitioning from the Problem to Intervention
In the analysis above, excessive documentation burden was the most actionable of all the
factors that contribute to clinician burnout. According to Wu et al. (2024), the clinicians who did
EHR tasks during off-hours had 2.43 times the risk of experiencing burnout. The solution helps
to alleviate documentation burdens by the use of ambient AI scribes, tools that have been
enabled by voice that can capture a patient-clinician interaction and automatically generate a
draft clinical note (Leung et al., 2025; Alobayli et al., 2023). Documentation burden reduction is
essential as it directly addresses the quantifiable loss of time and cognitive effort that leads to
burnout, and can be achieved without the need to change EHR systems as a whole.
Proposed Solution
Clinical AI scribes like Nuance DAX Copilot, Abridge, Suki, and Nabla utilize natural
language processing (NLP) to capture and organize clinical interactions during real-time sessions
(Leung et al., 2025). It is not a requirement for the clinician to take part in writing a note from
scratch. It means that the AI-generated note is getting reviewed and approved by the clinician
(Olson et al., 2025). This is a direct impact on excessive documentation burden because it results
in a reduction in the after-hours charting time. It also has an impact in causing a drop in the
cognitive load for clinicians during patient visitation and allowing clinicians to pay attention to
the patient as opposed to focusing on the screen.
Evidence of Effectiveness. In a multi-center study of 263 doctors from six health
systems in the U.S., burnout rates among the clinicians who used ambient AI scribes dropped by
46.5% after 30 days (Olson et al., 2025). The research also showed very positive improvements
in cognitive task load and time spent documenting after hours. The findings from a pilot at
Diane McMurry
center
Diane McMurry
left justify
3
Stanford Health Care were that there were significant decreases in task load and burnout after
three months (Shah et al., 2025). In a prospective study at Hawaii Pacific Health, there was a
decrease of 76% in the amount of time clinicians spent writing notes after clinic hours (Harvey et
al., 2026; BMC Medical Informatics, 2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated
moderate improvement of documentation workload and associated burnout.
Implementation in Practice. This solution would be applied at the health system level.
The IT department would need to integrate the AI scribe platform with the current EHR system,
which can take anywhere from 1 to 4 weeks. Clinicians would undergo 2.0–4.0 hours of training
to get used to the workflow and then be given a 30-day trial period (Harvey et al., 2026). This
intervention would be deployed in ambulatory care environments such as outpatient clinics in
hospitals and community practices.
How It Solves Documentation Chores. Ambient AI scribes directly tackle the
documentation burden by automating the most time-consuming part of the charting process: note
creation (Leung et al., 2025). The tool will decrease the time spent by clinicians on
documentation, which was cited as one of the biggest sources of burnout by Wu et al. (2024).
Based on the outcomes from Asgari et al.'s (2024) study, the tool also decreases the cognitive
burden by minimizing redundant data entry and distractions during patient interactions.
Feasibility Analysis
Practical Implementation Barriers. There are different licensing fees, which range
from $99 to $500+ per provider per month, and can be a burden for small practices and rural
clinics (Leung et al., 2025). They need to be integrated with the existing EHR systems, which
involves substantial IT assistance. Consistent trust and use of the tool requires the skill of the
clinician, which is dependent on the generation's comfort with technology (Shah et al., 2025).
Diane McMurry
spell out
Diane McMurry
why?
Diane McMurry
every paragraph does not need a heading. See the paper directions.
4
AI-generated notes need to be reviewed and edited by the clinician, which will partially negate
some time savings if the notes are incorrect.
Required Resources. The successful implementation is dependent on the investment of
money for licensing, an IT team for integration and continued support, training coordinators, and
a change management leader to respond to clinician concerns (Leung et al., 2025). Additional
steps must be taken to ensure health systems are HIPAA compliant with AI vendors by signing
BAA agreements.
Institutional Constraints. Certain health systems may not have the necessary budget or
technical solutions to deploy AI scribes. For larger systems, however, and hospital-owned
outpatient practices, this solution is not financially or logistically feasible, as the majority of U.S.
clinicians are now employed (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The intervention is still
considered viable as evidence shows that it generates a return on investment by lowering
burnout, increasing retention, and boosting productivity.
Counterargument
Ambient AI scribes can be opposed on several reasons by reasonable professionals. There
is limited evidence base, first of all. Although there were improvements in documentation time, a
systematic review concluded that there was "limited impact on reducing burnout" (Sarraf &
Ghasempour, 2025). A longitudinal study revealed that although the ambient AI scribes were
linked to a decrease in cognitive workload, over time, burnout actually rose (Wojda et al., 2026).
This indicates that while ambient AI scribes might be tackling symptoms of burnout, they could
be missing the potential solution to actual causes, including things like staffing problems and
organizational culture.
Diane McMurry
spell out before using abbreviation
5
Second, there are concerns regarding the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated notes,
which can lead to resistance among clinicians using them. Second, clinicians might not trust the
accuracy and reliability of the AI-generated notes, which can hinder adoption. One randomized
study reported “occasionally” clinically significant inaccuracies (Lukac et al., 2025). Excessive
time spent editing AI notes could result in no savings of time for the clinician (Leung et al.,
2025). Third, there is an equity issue: large health systems will be using these costly tools, while
small community clinics that treat higher-risk patients are not.
Rebuttal. These are all reasonable considerations, but studies have actually shown that
ambient AI scribes can cut down on both burnout and documentation time in real-world
scenarios (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The rise in burnout described by Wojda et al.
(2026) is likely to be due to a number of other factors that will not be addressed by AI scribes.
The accuracy of AI scribe platforms is improving quickly, and most clinicians say that they are
satisfied with the quality of the notes generated (Harvey et al., 2026). Health system
partnerships, grant funding, and vendor pricing that work for smaller health systems can help
alleviate the equity issue.
Unintended Consequence
A potential but realistic side effect is that those scribes who are ambient will save
documentation time, but may add to the review and liability workloads for clinicians. AI notes
do not always get it right, and can contain hallucinations, missing information, or clinically
significant errors (Leung et al., 2025; Lukac et al., 2025). When significant time is needed for
clinicians to edit/confirm AI-generated notes, time saved may be eliminated by increased review
time. Mitigation can be achieved by: (1) choosing AI platforms with high accuracy rates; (2)
using quality assurance protocols; (3) giving guidance to the clinicians to efficiently edit; and (4)
Diane McMurry
do not label
6
a phased implementation schedule with feedback loops between the clinicians and the AI
platforms.
7
References
Alobayli, F. Y., O’Connor, S., Holloway, A., & Cresswell, K. (2023). Electronic Health Record
Stress and Burnout Among Clinicians in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review. Digital
Health, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231220241
Asgari, E., Kaur, J., Nuredini, G., Balloch, J., Taylor, A. M., Sebire, N., Robinson, R., Peters, C.,
Sridharan, S., & Pimenta, D. (2024). Impact of Electronic Health Record Use on
Cognitive Load and Burnout Among Clinicians: Narrative Review. JMIR Medical
Informatics, 12(1), e55499. https://doi.org/10.2196/55499
Harvey, C. J., Morita, J., Huynh, W., Woo, R. K., & Lee, J. P. (2026). Ambient Artificial
Intelligence Scribe Implementation in an Ambulatory Setting: Experience and Outcomes
from a Single Medical Group (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics, 14.
https://doi.org/10.2196/84104
Leung, T. I., Coristine, A. J., & Benis, A. (2025). AI Scribes in Health Care: Balancing
Transformative Potential With Responsible Integration. JMIR Medical Informatics, 13,
e80898–e80898. https://doi.org/10.2196/80898
Lukac, P. J., Turner, W., Sitaram Vangala, Chin, A. T., Khalili, J., Shih, Y.-C. T., Sarkisian, C.,
Cheng, E. M., & Mafi, J. N. (2025). A Randomized-Clinical Trial of Two Ambient
Artificial Intelligence Scribes: Measuring Documentation Efficiency and Physician
Burnout. MedRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory).
https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.10.25331333
Olson, K. D., Meeker, D., Troup, M., Barker, T. D., Nguyen, V. H., Manders, J. B., Stults, C. D.,
Jones, V. G., Shah, S. D., Shah, T., & Schwamm, L. H. (2025). Use of Ambient AI
8
Scribes to Reduce Administrative Burden and Professional Burnout. JAMA Network
Open, 8(10), e2534976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.34976
Sarraf, B., & Ghasempour, A. (2025). Impact of artificial intelligence on electronic health
record-related burnouts among healthcare professionals: systematic review. Frontiers in
Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1628831
Shah, S. J., Devon-Sand, A., Ma, S. P., Jeong, Y., Crowell, T., Smith, M., Liang, A. S., Delahaie,
C., Hsia, C., Shanafelt, T., Pfeffer, M. A., Sharp, C., Lin, S., & Garcia, P. (2024).
Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: physician burnout and perspectives on usability
and documentation burden. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,
32(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae295
Wu, Y., Wu, M., Wang, C., Lin, J., Liu, J., & Liu, S. (2024). Evaluating the Prevalence of
Burnout Among Health Care Professionals Related to Electronic Health Record Use:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Medical Informatics, 12(1), e54811.
https://doi.org/10.2196/54811
– References
**## Week3WritingTaskSolution-correction.pdf**
1
Writing Task Solution
Leidylin Guerrero
Keiser University
ENC4313-Research Writing
Diane McMurry, Ph.D.
28 June 2026
2
Solution: Ambient AI Scribes as an Intervention for EHR Documentation Burden
Transitioning from the Problem to Intervention
In the analysis above, excessive documentation burden was the most actionable of all the
factors that contribute to clinician burnout. According to Wu et al. (2024), the clinicians who did
EHR tasks during off-hours had 2.43 times the risk of experiencing burnout. The solution helps
to alleviate documentation burdens by the use of ambient AI scribes, tools that have been
enabled by voice that can capture a patient-clinician interaction and automatically generate a
draft clinical note (Leung et al., 2025; Alobayli et al., 2023). Documentation burden reduction is
essential as it directly addresses the quantifiable loss of time and cognitive effort that leads to
burnout, and can be achieved without the need to change EHR systems as a whole.
Proposed Solution
Clinical AI scribes like Nuance DAX Copilot, Abridge, Suki, and Nabla utilize natural
language processing (NLP) to capture and organize clinical interactions during real-time sessions
(Leung et al., 2025). It is not a requirement for the clinician to take part in writing a note from
scratch. It means that the AI-generated note is getting reviewed and approved by the clinician
(Olson et al., 2025). This is a direct impact on excessive documentation burden because it results
in a reduction in the after-hours charting time. It also has an impact in causing a drop in the
cognitive load for clinicians during patient visitation and allowing clinicians to pay attention to
the patient as opposed to focusing on the screen.
Evidence of Effectiveness. In a multi-center study of 263 doctors from six health
systems in the U.S., burnout rates among the clinicians who used ambient AI scribes dropped by
46.5% after 30 days (Olson et al., 2025). The research also showed very positive improvements
in cognitive task load and time spent documenting after hours. The findings from a pilot at
Diane McMurry
center
Diane McMurry
left justify
3
Stanford Health Care were that there were significant decreases in task load and burnout after
three months (Shah et al., 2025). In a prospective study at Hawaii Pacific Health, there was a
decrease of 76% in the amount of time clinicians spent writing notes after clinic hours (Harvey et
al., 2026; BMC Medical Informatics, 2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated
moderate improvement of documentation workload and associated burnout.
Implementation in Practice. This solution would be applied at the health system level.
The IT department would need to integrate the AI scribe platform with the current EHR system,
which can take anywhere from 1 to 4 weeks. Clinicians would undergo 2.0–4.0 hours of training
to get used to the workflow and then be given a 30-day trial period (Harvey et al., 2026). This
intervention would be deployed in ambulatory care environments such as outpatient clinics in
hospitals and community practices.
How It Solves Documentation Chores. Ambient AI scribes directly tackle the
documentation burden by automating the most time-consuming part of the charting process: note
creation (Leung et al., 2025). The tool will decrease the time spent by clinicians on
documentation, which was cited as one of the biggest sources of burnout by Wu et al. (2024).
Based on the outcomes from Asgari et al.'s (2024) study, the tool also decreases the cognitive
burden by minimizing redundant data entry and distractions during patient interactions.
Feasibility Analysis
Practical Implementation Barriers. There are different licensing fees, which range
from $99 to $500+ per provider per month, and can be a burden for small practices and rural
clinics (Leung et al., 2025). They need to be integrated with the existing EHR systems, which
involves substantial IT assistance. Consistent trust and use of the tool requires the skill of the
clinician, which is dependent on the generation's comfort with technology (Shah et al., 2025).
Diane McMurry
spell out
Diane McMurry
why?
Diane McMurry
every paragraph does not need a heading. See the paper directions.
4
AI-generated notes need to be reviewed and edited by the clinician, which will partially negate
some time savings if the notes are incorrect.
Required Resources. The successful implementation is dependent on the investment of
money for licensing, an IT team for integration and continued support, training coordinators, and
a change management leader to respond to clinician concerns (Leung et al., 2025). Additional
steps must be taken to ensure health systems are HIPAA compliant with AI vendors by signing
BAA agreements.
Institutional Constraints. Certain health systems may not have the necessary budget or
technical solutions to deploy AI scribes. For larger systems, however, and hospital-owned
outpatient practices, this solution is not financially or logistically feasible, as the majority of U.S.
clinicians are now employed (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The intervention is still
considered viable as evidence shows that it generates a return on investment by lowering
burnout, increasing retention, and boosting productivity.
Counterargument
Ambient AI scribes can be opposed on several reasons by reasonable professionals. There
is limited evidence base, first of all. Although there were improvements in documentation time, a
systematic review concluded that there was "limited impact on reducing burnout" (Sarraf &
Ghasempour, 2025). A longitudinal study revealed that although the ambient AI scribes were
linked to a decrease in cognitive workload, over time, burnout actually rose (Wojda et al., 2026).
This indicates that while ambient AI scribes might be tackling symptoms of burnout, they could
be missing the potential solution to actual causes, including things like staffing problems and
organizational culture.
Diane McMurry
spell out before using abbreviation
5
Second, there are concerns regarding the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated notes,
which can lead to resistance among clinicians using them. Second, clinicians might not trust the
accuracy and reliability of the AI-generated notes, which can hinder adoption. One randomized
study reported “occasionally” clinically significant inaccuracies (Lukac et al., 2025). Excessive
time spent editing AI notes could result in no savings of time for the clinician (Leung et al.,
2025). Third, there is an equity issue: large health systems will be using these costly tools, while
small community clinics that treat higher-risk patients are not.
Rebuttal. These are all reasonable considerations, but studies have actually shown that
ambient AI scribes can cut down on both burnout and documentation time in real-world
scenarios (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The rise in burnout described by Wojda et al.
(2026) is likely to be due to a number of other factors that will not be addressed by AI scribes.
The accuracy of AI scribe platforms is improving quickly, and most clinicians say that they are
satisfied with the quality of the notes generated (Harvey et al., 2026). Health system
partnerships, grant funding, and vendor pricing that work for smaller health systems can help
alleviate the equity issue.
Unintended Consequence
A potential but realistic side effect is that those scribes who are ambient will save
documentation time, but may add to the review and liability workloads for clinicians. AI notes
do not always get it right, and can contain hallucinations, missing information, or clinically
significant errors (Leung et al., 2025; Lukac et al., 2025). When significant time is needed for
clinicians to edit/confirm AI-generated notes, time saved may be eliminated by increased review
time. Mitigation can be achieved by: (1) choosing AI platforms with high accuracy rates; (2)
using quality assurance protocols; (3) giving guidance to the clinicians to efficiently edit; and (4)
Diane McMurry
do not label
6
a phased implementation schedule with feedback loops between the clinicians and the AI
platforms.
7
References
Alobayli, F. Y., O’Connor, S., Holloway, A., & Cresswell, K. (2023). Electronic Health Record
Stress and Burnout Among Clinicians in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review. Digital
Health, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231220241
Asgari, E., Kaur, J., Nuredini, G., Balloch, J., Taylor, A. M., Sebire, N., Robinson, R., Peters, C.,
Sridharan, S., & Pimenta, D. (2024). Impact of Electronic Health Record Use on
Cognitive Load and Burnout Among Clinicians: Narrative Review. JMIR Medical
Informatics, 12(1), e55499. https://doi.org/10.2196/55499
Harvey, C. J., Morita, J., Huynh, W., Woo, R. K., & Lee, J. P. (2026). Ambient Artificial
Intelligence Scribe Implementation in an Ambulatory Setting: Experience and Outcomes
from a Single Medical Group (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics, 14.
https://doi.org/10.2196/84104
Leung, T. I., Coristine, A. J., & Benis, A. (2025). AI Scribes in Health Care: Balancing
Transformative Potential With Responsible Integration. JMIR Medical Informatics, 13,
e80898–e80898. https://doi.org/10.2196/80898
Lukac, P. J., Turner, W., Sitaram Vangala, Chin, A. T., Khalili, J., Shih, Y.-C. T., Sarkisian, C.,
Cheng, E. M., & Mafi, J. N. (2025). A Randomized-Clinical Trial of Two Ambient
Artificial Intelligence Scribes: Measuring Documentation Efficiency and Physician
Burnout. MedRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory).
https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.10.25331333
Olson, K. D., Meeker, D., Troup, M., Barker, T. D., Nguyen, V. H., Manders, J. B., Stults, C. D.,
Jones, V. G., Shah, S. D., Shah, T., & Schwamm, L. H. (2025). Use of Ambient AI
8
Scribes to Reduce Administrative Burden and Professional Burnout. JAMA Network
Open, 8(10), e2534976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.34976
Sarraf, B., & Ghasempour, A. (2025). Impact of artificial intelligence on electronic health
record-related burnouts among healthcare professionals: systematic review. Frontiers in
Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1628831
Shah, S. J., Devon-Sand, A., Ma, S. P., Jeong, Y., Crowell, T., Smith, M., Liang, A. S., Delahaie,
C., Hsia, C., Shanafelt, T., Pfeffer, M. A., Sharp, C., Lin, S., & Garcia, P. (2024).
Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: physician burnout and perspectives on usability
and documentation burden. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,
32(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae295
Wu, Y., Wu, M., Wang, C., Lin, J., Liu, J., & Liu, S. (2024). Evaluating the Prevalence of
Burnout Among Health Care Professionals Related to Electronic Health Record Use:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Medical Informatics, 12(1), e54811.
https://doi.org/10.2196/54811
– References
**## WritingTaskFinalProblemSolutionPaper.docx**
This week, you will take the draft of your problem from Week 2 and your solution from Week 3 and use the feedback you received to revise these sections. Then, you will incorporate those sections into a complete research paper.
Please review the requirements for the paper carefully.
1. Paper must be in APA 7th edition format, including a cover page, paper with section headings, and reference page.
2. Level 1 headings will include: Problem, Solution, Counterargument or Unintended Consequences, Conclusion
3. Level 2 headings within sections are optional, but should follow APA format if used.
4. Review the details of
[APA format](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format). An abstract is NOT required.
5. Include a minimum of 7 unique, scholarly, peer-reviewed sources to support your research. Sources must be cited within the paper
and included on the reference page.
6. Paper must be 2000-2500 words, excluding the cover page and references.
**1. Introduction (150–200 words). No heading is used for the introduction.**
· Frame the issue within the discipline
· Establish urgency or significance
· Present a refined thesis
**2. Problem Section (Revised from Module 2) (~750–900 words)**
· Provide contextual framing
· Identify 2–3 contributing factors
· Explain how these factors interact and contribute to the problem
· Narrow the scope to a primary contributing factor
· Include at least 3 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**3. Proposed Solution (Revised from Module 3) (~500–600 words)**
· Clearly define the intervention, reform, or practice change
· Demonstrate how the solution directly addresses the primary contributing factor
· Discuss feasibility–practical implementation barriers or potential constraints
· Include at least 2 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**4. Counterargument and Unintended Consequence (Revised from Module 3) (~250–350 words)**
· Explain why reasonable professionals might oppose the solution
· Respond with an evidence-based rebuttal
· Examine at least one realistic unintended consequence
· Explain how this issue might be mitigated
· Include at least 2 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**5. Professional Implications & Conclusion (~150–200 words)**
· Explain relevance to field
· Identify potential for implementation
· Address areas for continued inquiry
**REQUIREMENTS**
·
**Cite your source with direct quotes, paraphrased content, and correct in-text citations**
·
**Include an APA-formatted reference page with permalinks to online articles**
·
**You may use this blank APA paper template**
**Please note the following:**
· All papers must be Microsoft Word documents.
· The paper is double-spaced in Times New Roman, size 12, and has no extra line space between the paragraphs.
· The paper uses one-inch margins and half-inch indentions for the beginning of paragraphs. You can set this up in Microsoft Word to automatically default to these settings for your paper.
· Your paper should include level 1 headings and may include level 2 headings.
· You may review this sample paper.
**## APABlankTemplateResearchWriting.docx**
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| RUNNING HEAD TITLE | | |
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| RUNNING HEAD TITLE (SHORTENED) | | 2 |
## Paper Title: Up to 12 Words or Two Lines
### [Blank line]
### Author First M. Last
### Institutional Affiliation(s)
### Course Number: Course Name
Abstract
The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are now to use bold heading format. References, Footnotes, and Figure section titles should also be written in bold. To do this, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles dropdown menu.
Keywords: Add keywords here.
Paper Title in Bold at the Top of Page 2
Begin your paper with the paper title at the top of the first page of text. Your title acts as a default Level 1 heading; therefore, it is centered and in bold. Don’t use “Introduction” as your heading as it’s assumed the introduction text will be at the beginning of your paper. The body uses a half-inch first line indent and should be double-spaced. APA style provides for up to five heading levels, shown in the paragraphs that follow.
## Level 1 Heading
Heading levels 1-3 get their own paragraph, as shown. Headings 4 and 5 are run-in headings used at the beginning of the paragraph. Include a period at the end of a run-in heading. Double-space all text, including headings. Use descriptive headings to help readers identify sections of your paper.
### Level 2 Heading1
To add a table of contents (TOC), apply the appropriate heading style to just the heading text at the start of a paragraph and it will show up in your TOC. To do this, select the text for your heading. Then, on the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, click the style you need.
#### Level 3 Heading
If needed, you can include consecutive paragraphs with their own headings, where appropriate. For APA Style formatting, type your own references. To correctly format a reference page according to APA Style guidelines, see page five.
Level 4 Heading. When using headings, don’t skip levels. If you need a heading 3, 4, or 5 with no text following it before the next heading, add a period at the end of the heading and start a new paragraph for your subheading and its text. When citing any quote or text that consists of three or more lines, APA guidelines call for block-quote format:
Create a new paragraph to begin the block-quote. Double-space each line of text, as you have done with headings, section labels, and paragraphs of paraphrased text. To correctly format a block-quote, indent each line of the text to one-half inch. Remember to always cite your source (Last Name, Year).
Last Name (Year) citations can be used when writing a paper in narrative form. Parenthetical citations are also appropriate (Last Name, Year).
Level 5 Heading. Like all sections of your paper, references start on their own page, like the page that follows this one. All in-text citations should also be included your references.
References
Last Name, A. B. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Pages #-#. URL. URL.
Last Name, C. D. (Year). Book TitleBook Title URL.
Last Name, D. E., Last Name, F. G. (Year). Report TitleReport Title URL.
Last Name, H. I. (Year, Month Day). Article Title/Headline. Periodical.Periodical.
Organization Name. (Year, Month Day).
Webpage Title. URL.
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |
**## Week3WritingTaskSolution-correction.pdf**
1
Writing Task Solution
Leidylin Guerrero
Keiser University
ENC4313-Research Writing
Diane McMurry, Ph.D.
28 June 2026
2
Solution: Ambient AI Scribes as an Intervention for EHR Documentation Burden
Transitioning from the Problem to Intervention
In the analysis above, excessive documentation burden was the most actionable of all the
factors that contribute to clinician burnout. According to Wu et al. (2024), the clinicians who did
EHR tasks during off-hours had 2.43 times the risk of experiencing burnout. The solution helps
to alleviate documentation burdens by the use of ambient AI scribes, tools that have been
enabled by voice that can capture a patient-clinician interaction and automatically generate a
draft clinical note (Leung et al., 2025; Alobayli et al., 2023). Documentation burden reduction is
essential as it directly addresses the quantifiable loss of time and cognitive effort that leads to
burnout, and can be achieved without the need to change EHR systems as a whole.
Proposed Solution
Clinical AI scribes like Nuance DAX Copilot, Abridge, Suki, and Nabla utilize natural
language processing (NLP) to capture and organize clinical interactions during real-time sessions
(Leung et al., 2025). It is not a requirement for the clinician to take part in writing a note from
scratch. It means that the AI-generated note is getting reviewed and approved by the clinician
(Olson et al., 2025). This is a direct impact on excessive documentation burden because it results
in a reduction in the after-hours charting time. It also has an impact in causing a drop in the
cognitive load for clinicians during patient visitation and allowing clinicians to pay attention to
the patient as opposed to focusing on the screen.
Evidence of Effectiveness. In a multi-center study of 263 doctors from six health
systems in the U.S., burnout rates among the clinicians who used ambient AI scribes dropped by
46.5% after 30 days (Olson et al., 2025). The research also showed very positive improvements
in cognitive task load and time spent documenting after hours. The findings from a pilot at
Diane McMurry
center
Diane McMurry
left justify
3
Stanford Health Care were that there were significant decreases in task load and burnout after
three months (Shah et al., 2025). In a prospective study at Hawaii Pacific Health, there was a
decrease of 76% in the amount of time clinicians spent writing notes after clinic hours (Harvey et
al., 2026; BMC Medical Informatics, 2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated
moderate improvement of documentation workload and associated burnout.
Implementation in Practice. This solution would be applied at the health system level.
The IT department would need to integrate the AI scribe platform with the current EHR system,
which can take anywhere from 1 to 4 weeks. Clinicians would undergo 2.0–4.0 hours of training
to get used to the workflow and then be given a 30-day trial period (Harvey et al., 2026). This
intervention would be deployed in ambulatory care environments such as outpatient clinics in
hospitals and community practices.
How It Solves Documentation Chores. Ambient AI scribes directly tackle the
documentation burden by automating the most time-consuming part of the charting process: note
creation (Leung et al., 2025). The tool will decrease the time spent by clinicians on
documentation, which was cited as one of the biggest sources of burnout by Wu et al. (2024).
Based on the outcomes from Asgari et al.'s (2024) study, the tool also decreases the cognitive
burden by minimizing redundant data entry and distractions during patient interactions.
Feasibility Analysis
Practical Implementation Barriers. There are different licensing fees, which range
from $99 to $500+ per provider per month, and can be a burden for small practices and rural
clinics (Leung et al., 2025). They need to be integrated with the existing EHR systems, which
involves substantial IT assistance. Consistent trust and use of the tool requires the skill of the
clinician, which is dependent on the generation's comfort with technology (Shah et al., 2025).
Diane McMurry
spell out
Diane McMurry
why?
Diane McMurry
every paragraph does not need a heading. See the paper directions.
4
AI-generated notes need to be reviewed and edited by the clinician, which will partially negate
some time savings if the notes are incorrect.
Required Resources. The successful implementation is dependent on the investment of
money for licensing, an IT team for integration and continued support, training coordinators, and
a change management leader to respond to clinician concerns (Leung et al., 2025). Additional
steps must be taken to ensure health systems are HIPAA compliant with AI vendors by signing
BAA agreements.
Institutional Constraints. Certain health systems may not have the necessary budget or
technical solutions to deploy AI scribes. For larger systems, however, and hospital-owned
outpatient practices, this solution is not financially or logistically feasible, as the majority of U.S.
clinicians are now employed (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The intervention is still
considered viable as evidence shows that it generates a return on investment by lowering
burnout, increasing retention, and boosting productivity.
Counterargument
Ambient AI scribes can be opposed on several reasons by reasonable professionals. There
is limited evidence base, first of all. Although there were improvements in documentation time, a
systematic review concluded that there was "limited impact on reducing burnout" (Sarraf &
Ghasempour, 2025). A longitudinal study revealed that although the ambient AI scribes were
linked to a decrease in cognitive workload, over time, burnout actually rose (Wojda et al., 2026).
This indicates that while ambient AI scribes might be tackling symptoms of burnout, they could
be missing the potential solution to actual causes, including things like staffing problems and
organizational culture.
Diane McMurry
spell out before using abbreviation
5
Second, there are concerns regarding the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated notes,
which can lead to resistance among clinicians using them. Second, clinicians might not trust the
accuracy and reliability of the AI-generated notes, which can hinder adoption. One randomized
study reported “occasionally” clinically significant inaccuracies (Lukac et al., 2025). Excessive
time spent editing AI notes could result in no savings of time for the clinician (Leung et al.,
2025). Third, there is an equity issue: large health systems will be using these costly tools, while
small community clinics that treat higher-risk patients are not.
Rebuttal. These are all reasonable considerations, but studies have actually shown that
ambient AI scribes can cut down on both burnout and documentation time in real-world
scenarios (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The rise in burnout described by Wojda et al.
(2026) is likely to be due to a number of other factors that will not be addressed by AI scribes.
The accuracy of AI scribe platforms is improving quickly, and most clinicians say that they are
satisfied with the quality of the notes generated (Harvey et al., 2026). Health system
partnerships, grant funding, and vendor pricing that work for smaller health systems can help
alleviate the equity issue.
Unintended Consequence
A potential but realistic side effect is that those scribes who are ambient will save
documentation time, but may add to the review and liability workloads for clinicians. AI notes
do not always get it right, and can contain hallucinations, missing information, or clinically
significant errors (Leung et al., 2025; Lukac et al., 2025). When significant time is needed for
clinicians to edit/confirm AI-generated notes, time saved may be eliminated by increased review
time. Mitigation can be achieved by: (1) choosing AI platforms with high accuracy rates; (2)
using quality assurance protocols; (3) giving guidance to the clinicians to efficiently edit; and (4)
Diane McMurry
do not label
6
a phased implementation schedule with feedback loops between the clinicians and the AI
platforms.
7
References
Alobayli, F. Y., O’Connor, S., Holloway, A., & Cresswell, K. (2023). Electronic Health Record
Stress and Burnout Among Clinicians in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review. Digital
Health, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231220241
Asgari, E., Kaur, J., Nuredini, G., Balloch, J., Taylor, A. M., Sebire, N., Robinson, R., Peters, C.,
Sridharan, S., & Pimenta, D. (2024). Impact of Electronic Health Record Use on
Cognitive Load and Burnout Among Clinicians: Narrative Review. JMIR Medical
Informatics, 12(1), e55499. https://doi.org/10.2196/55499
Harvey, C. J., Morita, J., Huynh, W., Woo, R. K., & Lee, J. P. (2026). Ambient Artificial
Intelligence Scribe Implementation in an Ambulatory Setting: Experience and Outcomes
from a Single Medical Group (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics, 14.
https://doi.org/10.2196/84104
Leung, T. I., Coristine, A. J., & Benis, A. (2025). AI Scribes in Health Care: Balancing
Transformative Potential With Responsible Integration. JMIR Medical Informatics, 13,
e80898–e80898. https://doi.org/10.2196/80898
Lukac, P. J., Turner, W., Sitaram Vangala, Chin, A. T., Khalili, J., Shih, Y.-C. T., Sarkisian, C.,
Cheng, E. M., & Mafi, J. N. (2025). A Randomized-Clinical Trial of Two Ambient
Artificial Intelligence Scribes: Measuring Documentation Efficiency and Physician
Burnout. MedRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory).
https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.10.25331333
Olson, K. D., Meeker, D., Troup, M., Barker, T. D., Nguyen, V. H., Manders, J. B., Stults, C. D.,
Jones, V. G., Shah, S. D., Shah, T., & Schwamm, L. H. (2025). Use of Ambient AI
8
Scribes to Reduce Administrative Burden and Professional Burnout. JAMA Network
Open, 8(10), e2534976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.34976
Sarraf, B., & Ghasempour, A. (2025). Impact of artificial intelligence on electronic health
record-related burnouts among healthcare professionals: systematic review. Frontiers in
Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1628831
Shah, S. J., Devon-Sand, A., Ma, S. P., Jeong, Y., Crowell, T., Smith, M., Liang, A. S., Delahaie,
C., Hsia, C., Shanafelt, T., Pfeffer, M. A., Sharp, C., Lin, S., & Garcia, P. (2024).
Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: physician burnout and perspectives on usability
and documentation burden. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,
32(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocae295
Wu, Y., Wu, M., Wang, C., Lin, J., Liu, J., & Liu, S. (2024). Evaluating the Prevalence of
Burnout Among Health Care Professionals Related to Electronic Health Record Use:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Medical Informatics, 12(1), e54811.
https://doi.org/10.2196/54811
– References
**## WritingTaskFinalProblemSolutionPaper.docx**
This week, you will take the draft of your problem from Week 2 and your solution from Week 3 and use the feedback you received to revise these sections. Then, you will incorporate those sections into a complete research paper.
Please review the requirements for the paper carefully.
1. Paper must be in APA 7th edition format, including a cover page, paper with section headings, and reference page.
2. Level 1 headings will include: Problem, Solution, Counterargument or Unintended Consequences, Conclusion
3. Level 2 headings within sections are optional, but should follow APA format if used.
4. Review the details of
[APA format](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format). An abstract is NOT required.
5. Include a minimum of 7 unique, scholarly, peer-reviewed sources to support your research. Sources must be cited within the paper
and included on the reference page.
6. Paper must be 2000-2500 words, excluding the cover page and references.
**1. Introduction (150–200 words). No heading is used for the introduction.**
· Frame the issue within the discipline
· Establish urgency or significance
· Present a refined thesis
**2. Problem Section (Revised from Module 2) (~750–900 words)**
· Provide contextual framing
· Identify 2–3 contributing factors
· Explain how these factors interact and contribute to the problem
· Narrow the scope to a primary contributing factor
· Include at least 3 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**3. Proposed Solution (Revised from Module 3) (~500–600 words)**
· Clearly define the intervention, reform, or practice change
· Demonstrate how the solution directly addresses the primary contributing factor
· Discuss feasibility–practical implementation barriers or potential constraints
· Include at least 2 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**4. Counterargument and Unintended Consequence (Revised from Module 3) (~250–350 words)**
· Explain why reasonable professionals might oppose the solution
· Respond with an evidence-based rebuttal
· Examine at least one realistic unintended consequence
· Explain how this issue might be mitigated
· Include at least 2 scholarly sources cited and listed on the reference page
**5. Professional Implications & Conclusion (~150–200 words)**
· Explain relevance to field
· Identify potential for implementation
· Address areas for continued inquiry
**REQUIREMENTS**
·
**Cite your source with direct quotes, paraphrased content, and correct in-text citations**
·
**Include an APA-formatted reference page with permalinks to online articles**
·
**You may use this blank APA paper template**
**Please note the following:**
· All papers must be Microsoft Word documents.
· The paper is double-spaced in Times New Roman, size 12, and has no extra line space between the paragraphs.
· The paper uses one-inch margins and half-inch indentions for the beginning of paragraphs. You can set this up in Microsoft Word to automatically default to these settings for your paper.
· Your paper should include level 1 headings and may include level 2 headings.
· You may review this sample paper.
**## APABlankTemplateResearchWriting.docx**
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| RUNNING HEAD TITLE | | |
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| RUNNING HEAD TITLE (SHORTENED) | | 2 |
## Paper Title: Up to 12 Words or Two Lines
### [Blank line]
### Author First M. Last
### Institutional Affiliation(s)
### Course Number: Course Name
Abstract
The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are now to use bold heading format. References, Footnotes, and Figure section titles should also be written in bold. To do this, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles dropdown menu.
Keywords: Add keywords here.
Paper Title in Bold at the Top of Page 2
Begin your paper with the paper title at the top of the first page of text. Your title acts as a default Level 1 heading; therefore, it is centered and in bold. Don’t use “Introduction” as your heading as it’s assumed the introduction text will be at the beginning of your paper. The body uses a half-inch first line indent and should be double-spaced. APA style provides for up to five heading levels, shown in the paragraphs that follow.
## Level 1 Heading
Heading levels 1-3 get their own paragraph, as shown. Headings 4 and 5 are run-in headings used at the beginning of the paragraph. Include a period at the end of a run-in heading. Double-space all text, including headings. Use descriptive headings to help readers identify sections of your paper.
### Level 2 Heading1
To add a table of contents (TOC), apply the appropriate heading style to just the heading text at the start of a paragraph and it will show up in your TOC. To do this, select the text for your heading. Then, on the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, click the style you need.
#### Level 3 Heading
If needed, you can include consecutive paragraphs with their own headings, where appropriate. For APA Style formatting, type your own references. To correctly format a reference page according to APA Style guidelines, see page five.
Level 4 Heading. When using headings, don’t skip levels. If you need a heading 3, 4, or 5 with no text following it before the next heading, add a period at the end of the heading and start a new paragraph for your subheading and its text. When citing any quote or text that consists of three or more lines, APA guidelines call for block-quote format:
Create a new paragraph to begin the block-quote. Double-space each line of text, as you have done with headings, section labels, and paragraphs of paraphrased text. To correctly format a block-quote, indent each line of the text to one-half inch. Remember to always cite your source (Last Name, Year).
Last Name (Year) citations can be used when writing a paper in narrative form. Parenthetical citations are also appropriate (Last Name, Year).
Level 5 Heading. Like all sections of your paper, references start on their own page, like the page that follows this one. All in-text citations should also be included your references.
References
Last Name, A. B. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Pages #-#. URL. URL.
Last Name, C. D. (Year). Book TitleBook Title URL.
Last Name, D. E., Last Name, F. G. (Year). Report TitleReport Title URL.
Last Name, H. I. (Year, Month Day). Article Title/Headline. Periodical.Periodical.
Organization Name. (Year, Month Day).
Webpage Title. URL.
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |
**## Week3WritingTaskSolution-correction.pdf**
1
Writing Task Solution
Leidylin Guerrero
Keiser University
ENC4313-Research Writing
Diane McMurry, Ph.D.
28 June 2026
2
Solution: Ambient AI Scribes as an Intervention for EHR Documentation Burden
Transitioning from the Problem to Intervention
In the analysis above, excessive documentation burden was the most actionable of all the
factors that contribute to clinician burnout. According to Wu et al. (2024), the clinicians who did
EHR tasks during off-hours had 2.43 times the risk of experiencing burnout. The solution helps
to alleviate documentation burdens by the use of ambient AI scribes, tools that have been
enabled by voice that can capture a patient-clinician interaction and automatically generate a
draft clinical note (Leung et al., 2025; Alobayli et al., 2023). Documentation burden reduction is
essential as it directly addresses the quantifiable loss of time and cognitive effort that leads to
burnout, and can be achieved without the need to change EHR systems as a whole.
Proposed Solution
Clinical AI scribes like Nuance DAX Copilot, Abridge, Suki, and Nabla utilize natural
language processing (NLP) to capture and organize clinical interactions during real-time sessions
(Leung et al., 2025). It is not a requirement for the clinician to take part in writing a note from
scratch. It means that the AI-generated note is getting reviewed and approved by the clinician
(Olson et al., 2025). This is a direct impact on excessive documentation burden because it results
in a reduction in the after-hours charting time. It also has an impact in causing a drop in the
cognitive load for clinicians during patient visitation and allowing clinicians to pay attention to
the patient as opposed to focusing on the screen.
Evidence of Effectiveness. In a multi-center study of 263 doctors from six health
systems in the U.S., burnout rates among the clinicians who used ambient AI scribes dropped by
46.5% after 30 days (Olson et al., 2025). The research also showed very positive improvements
in cognitive task load and time spent documenting after hours. The findings from a pilot at
Diane McMurry
center
Diane McMurry
left justify
3
Stanford Health Care were that there were significant decreases in task load and burnout after
three months (Shah et al., 2025). In a prospective study at Hawaii Pacific Health, there was a
decrease of 76% in the amount of time clinicians spent writing notes after clinic hours (Harvey et
al., 2026; BMC Medical Informatics, 2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated
moderate improvement of documentation workload and associated burnout.
Implementation in Practice. This solution would be applied at the health system level.
The IT department would need to integrate the AI scribe platform with the current EHR system,
which can take anywhere from 1 to 4 weeks. Clinicians would undergo 2.0–4.0 hours of training
to get used to the workflow and then be given a 30-day trial period (Harvey et al., 2026). This
intervention would be deployed in ambulatory care environments such as outpatient clinics in
hospitals and community practices.
How It Solves Documentation Chores. Ambient AI scribes directly tackle the
documentation burden by automating the most time-consuming part of the charting process: note
creation (Leung et al., 2025). The tool will decrease the time spent by clinicians on
documentation, which was cited as one of the biggest sources of burnout by Wu et al. (2024).
Based on the outcomes from Asgari et al.'s (2024) study, the tool also decreases the cognitive
burden by minimizing redundant data entry and distractions during patient interactions.
Feasibility Analysis
Practical Implementation Barriers. There are different licensing fees, which range
from $99 to $500+ per provider per month, and can be a burden for small practices and rural
clinics (Leung et al., 2025). They need to be integrated with the existing EHR systems, which
involves substantial IT assistance. Consistent trust and use of the tool requires the skill of the
clinician, which is dependent on the generation's comfort with technology (Shah et al., 2025).
Diane McMurry
spell out
Diane McMurry
why?
Diane McMurry
every paragraph does not need a heading. See the paper directions.
4
AI-generated notes need to be reviewed and edited by the clinician, which will partially negate
some time savings if the notes are incorrect.
Required Resources. The successful implementation is dependent on the investment of
money for licensing, an IT team for integration and continued support, training coordinators, and
a change management leader to respond to clinician concerns (Leung et al., 2025). Additional
steps must be taken to ensure health systems are HIPAA compliant with AI vendors by signing
BAA agreements.
Institutional Constraints. Certain health systems may not have the necessary budget or
technical solutions to deploy AI scribes. For larger systems, however, and hospital-owned
outpatient practices, this solution is not financially or logistically feasible, as the majority of U.S.
clinicians are now employed (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The intervention is still
considered viable as evidence shows that it generates a return on investment by lowering
burnout, increasing retention, and boosting productivity.
Counterargument
Ambient AI scribes can be opposed on several reasons by reasonable professionals. There
is limited evidence base, first of all. Although there were improvements in documentation time, a
systematic review concluded that there was "limited impact on reducing burnout" (Sarraf &
Ghasempour, 2025). A longitudinal study revealed that although the ambient AI scribes were
linked to a decrease in cognitive workload, over time, burnout actually rose (Wojda et al., 2026).
This indicates that while ambient AI scribes might be tackling symptoms of burnout, they could
be missing the potential solution to actual causes, including things like staffing problems and
organizational culture.
Diane McMurry
spell out before using abbreviation
5
Second, there are concerns regarding the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated notes,
which can lead to resistance among clinicians using them. Second, clinicians might not trust the
accuracy and reliability of the AI-generated notes, which can hinder adoption. One randomized
study reported “occasionally” clinically significant inaccuracies (Lukac et al., 2025). Excessive
time spent editing AI notes could result in no savings of time for the clinician (Leung et al.,
2025). Third, there is an equity issue: large health systems will be using these costly tools, while
small community clinics that treat higher-risk patients are not.
Rebuttal. These are all reasonable considerations, but studies have actually shown that
ambient AI scribes can cut down on both burnout and documentation time in real-world
scenarios (Olson et al., 2025; Harvey et al., 2026). The rise in burnout described by Wojda et al.
(2026) is likely to be due to a number of other factors that will not be addressed by AI scribes.
The accuracy of AI scribe platforms is improving quickly, and most clinicians say that they are
satisfied with the quality of the notes generated (Harvey et al., 2026). Health system
partnerships, grant funding, and vendor pricing that work for smaller health systems can help
alleviate the equity issue.
Unintended Consequence
A potential but realistic side effect is that those scribes who are ambient will save
documentation time, but may add to the review and liability workloads for clinicians. AI notes
do not always get it right, and can contain hallucinations, missing information, or clinically
significant errors (Leung et al., 2025; Lukac et al., 2025). When significant time is needed for
clinicians to edit/confirm AI-generated notes, time saved may be eliminated by increased review
time. Mitigation can be achieved by: (1) choosing AI platforms with high accuracy rates; (2)
using quality assurance protocols; (3) giving guidance to the clinicians to efficiently edit; and (4)
Diane McMurry
do not label
6
a phased implementation schedule with feedback loops between the clinicians and the AI
platforms.
7
References
Alobayli, F. Y., O’Connor, S., Holloway, A., & Cresswell, K. (2023). Electronic Health Record
Stress and Burnout Among Clinicians in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review. Digital
Health, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231220241
Asgari, E., Kaur, J., Nuredini, G., Balloch, J., Taylor, A. M., Sebire, N., Robinson, R., Peters, C.,
Sridharan, S., & Pimenta, D. (2024). Impact of Electronic Health Record Use on
Cognitive Load and Burnout Among Clinicians: Narrative Review. JMIR Medical
Informatics, 12(1), e55499. https://doi.org/10.2196/55499
Harvey, C. J., Morita, J., Huynh, W., Woo, R. K., & Lee, J. P. (2026). Ambient Artificial
Intelligence Scribe Implementation in an Ambulatory Setting: Experience and Outcomes
from a Single Medical Group (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics, 14.
https://doi.org/10.2196/84104
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