Category: Nursing

Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example

Week 7 instructions

Interview a master’s prepared nurse with leadership responsibilities nurse

Her position was recently created after a company re-organization. She is in charge over all Managerial level nurses in all units of the hospital— ICU, ER, IMC, MS and JRU

She reports to the Chief Nursing Executive/Chief Operating Officer (same person)

Her day to day duties include the attached

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NOTES from interview—you have free range to make up/ add what you like

Analyze the leader’s role as it relates to a minimum of five of the major course concepts addressed

ethics in leadership

emotional intelligence- although she is young, she always demonstrates maturity.  She thinks before she speaks and she is always respectful in how she talks to people.  She has a good understanding that different people may react differently to hearing the same thing.  She has gained respect from all her peers by proving her work ethic over her years working as a bedside nurse and beyond. Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example

Leadership style- democratic style of leadership.  She welcomes ideas and opinions of others and she doesn’t have a problem for asking for help and delegating tasks when necessary

Communication- she has always been a fan of open communication during her entire career.  Having open communication and good communication skills with co-workers, patients, and patient’s families can help resolved conflicts as well as most likely avoid many conflicts

conflict resolution- she is very up-front in attempting to resolve conflicts between herself and others as well as between others. She approaches this in a non-threatening way. Depending on the conflict, she uses many different styles of conflict resolution and sometimes it may take a combination to resolve certain conflicts. She has found early in her career as a manager that avoidance is not a good way to settle disputes and it actually makes conflict worse, which boils over and affects patient care.  With others in conflict she acts as a mediator and listens to both parties to help reach a fair resolution between both parties. She utilizes negotiating, collaborating, conciliation, mediation and if needed, arbitration Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example

change theory

cultural competence/diversity-our hospital has a large subset of Pilipino nurses (both male and female) as well as a large Philipino patient population. She welcomes the Philipino point of view with delivery of competent patient care.  She also makes sure the Philipino point of view/culture is present in the management team

labor relations management- she has a very close and positive working relationship with all of the union representatives.  She attends monthly check-in meeting with the union and is open to all feedback. She frequently receives calls from the union leaders discussing and resolving issues as they arise.

leadership models,

management theory,

motivational theory- If she feels like she is losing focus or motivation she will take time for herself, grabs her “job journal” and “challenges herself”.   She asks herself what is her “Why” and puts it on paper to reflect back on. She can look back on her prior writings to see her past struggles and thoughts.  Doing this helps her to re-focus and get her motivation back.  She also suggests this to her peers that she feels are losing their passion for healthcare.

Nurse of the Future competencies,

interprofessional collaboration- New position within organization and is definitely open to collaborating with others in an equal position.  Perfect example of interprofessional collaboration has been with dealing with Covid-19. She has and is still in collaboration with several of the local hospitals and community leaders. There was also close collaboration with representatives from the Nevada Hospital Association, the Southern Nevada Health District and the CDC.

team building- It took a little time for her to adjust to her new role and was overwhelmed when she started.  She was asked to join several of the nurse managers to meet in cafeteria for lunch and was originally reluctant because she was so busy, but then realized it was a perfect way to meet/interact with her managers in a casual setting. This helped with building relationships and trust

Several years ago, the Chief Nursing officer of the organization had implemented the ASCEND program.  Several employees from the entire organization were invited by department managers to participate in this team building experience. They meet 3 times a year for a 2-day fun/learning group experience.

During the Covid-19 pandemic she has definitely noticed there has been bonding within our organization during this crisis.

 

Provide a narrative summary of your interviewee’s responses to each of the concepts (but not a verbatim account) of the interview. Incorporate references to provide support and analyze the concepts you discussed. Include your impression of congruence between the leader’s self-reflection and your personal observations of demonstrated leadership.

Include the following in your paper:

Comprehension: Introduce the leader, his or her credentials, title, job responsibilities, placement on the organizational chart/reporting responsibilities, education, experience, mentors, and pathway to their current role.

Application: Describe the predominate model/theory of leadership used by this leader. Describe their style of leadership.

Analysis/Synthesis: Clarify and illustrate the leader’s level of authority and influence within the organization. Discuss their sense of empowerment and efforts to empower others. Describe their intra- and extra-organizational responsibilities.

Compare your personal philosophy/style/model of leadership with this leader and share whether or not expectations/perceptions of this leader were accurate.

Evaluation: Summarize the leader’s behavior, strengths, successes, challenges, and weaknesses.

Paper should be 9–10 pages long, not counting cover page or references list, and should utilize at least 10 scholarly references

 

 

Rubric 

Criteria

Exemplary

Exceeds Expectations

Advanced

Meets Expectations

Intermediate

Needs Improvement

Novice

Inadequate

Total Points

Content of Paper

The writer demonstrates a well-articulated understanding of the subject matter in a clear, complex, and informative manner. The paper content and theories are well developed and linked to the paper requirements and practical experience. The paper includes relevant material that fulfills all objectives of the paper.

Follows the assignment instructions around expectations for scholarly references. Uses scholarly resources that were not provided in the course materials.

All instruction requirements noted.

30 points

The writer demonstrates an understanding of the subject matter, and components of the paper are accurately represented with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Course materials and scholarly resources support required concepts. The paper includes relevant material that fulfills all objectives of the paper.

Follows the assignment instructions around expectations for scholarly references.

All instruction requirements noted.

26 points

The writer demonstrates a moderate understanding of the subject matter as evidenced by components of the paper being summarized with minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role-development. Course content is present but missing depth and or development.

Does not follow the assignment instructions around expectations for scholarly references. Only uses scholarly resources that were provided in the course materials.

Most instruction requirements are noted.

23 points

Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Use of course content is superficial.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

Content of paper is inaccurately portrayed or missing.

Does not follow the assignment instructions around expectations for scholarly references. Does not use scholarly resources.

Missing some instruction requirements.

20 points

30

Analysis and Synthesis of Paper Content and Meaning

Through critical analysis, the submitted paper provides an accurate, clear, concise, and complete presentation of the required content.

Information from scholarly resources is synthesized, providing new information or insight related to the context of the assignment by providing both supportive and alternative information or viewpoints.

All instruction requirements noted.

30 points

Paper is complete, providing evidence of further synthesis of course content via scholarly resources.

Information is synthesized to help fulfill paper requirements. The content supports at least one viewpoint.

All instruction requirements noted.

26 points

Paper lacks clarification or new information. Scholarly reference supports the content without adding any new information or insight. The paper’s content may be confusing or unclear, and the summary may be incomplete.

Most instruction requirements are noted.

23 points

Submission is primarily a summation of the assignment without further synthesis of course content or analysis of the scenario.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

Missing some instruction requirements.

Submits assignment late.

20 points

30

Application of Knowledge

The summary of the paper provides information validated via scholarly resources that offer a multidisciplinary approach.

The student’s application in practice is accurate and plausible, and additional scholarly resource(s) supporting the application is provided.

All questions posed within the assignment are answered in a well-developed manner with citations for validation.

All instruction requirements noted.

30 points

A summary of the paper’s content, findings, and knowledge gained from the assignment is presented.

Student indicates how the information will be used within their professional practice.

All instruction requirements noted.

26 points

Objective criteria are not clearly used, allowing for a more superficial application of content between the assignment and the broader course content.

Student’s indication of how they will apply this new knowledge to their clinical practice is vague.

Most instruction requirements are noted.

23 points

The application of knowledge is significantly lacking.

Student’s indication of how they will apply this new knowledge to their clinical practice is not practical or feasible.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

Application of knowledge is incorrect and/or student fails to explain how the information will be used within their personal practice.

Missing several instruction requirements.

Submits assignment late.

20 points

30

Organization

Well-organized content with a clear and complex purpose statement and content argument. Writing is concise with a logical flow of ideas.

5 points

Organized content with an informative purpose statement and supportive content and summary statement. Argument content is developed with minimal issues in content flow.

4 points

Poor organization, and flow of ideas distract from content. Narrative is difficult to follow and frequently causes reader to reread work.

Purpose statement is noted.

3 points

Illogical flow of ideas. Missing significant content. Prose rambles. Purpose statement is unclear or missing.

Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation.

No purpose statement.

Submits assignment late.

2 points

5

APA, Grammar, and Spelling

Correct APA formatting with no errors.

The writer correctly identifies reading audience, as demonstrated by appropriate language (avoids jargon and simplifies complex concepts appropriately).

Writing is concise, in active voice, and avoids awkward transitions and overuse of conjunctions.

There are no spelling, punctuation, or word-usage errors

5 points

Correct and consistent APA formatting of references and cites all references used. No more than two unique APA errors.

The writer demonstrates correct usage of formal English language in sentence construction. Variation in sentence structure and word usage promotes readability.

There are minimal to no grammar, punctuation, or word-usage errors.

4 points

Three to four unique APA formatting errors.

The writer occasionally uses awkward sentence construction or overuses/inappropriately uses complex sentence structure. Problems with word usage (evidence of incorrect use of thesaurus) and punctuation persist, often causing some difficulties with grammar. Some words, transitional phrases, and conjunctions are overused. Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example

Multiple grammar, punctuation, or word usage errors.

3 points

Five or more unique formatting errors or no attempt to format in APA.

The writer demonstrates limited understanding of formal written language use; writing is colloquial (conforms to spoken language).

The writer struggles with limited vocabulary and has difficulty conveying meaning such that only the broadest, most general messages are presented.

Grammar and punctuation are consistently incorrect. Spelling errors are numerous.

Submits assignment late.

2 points

5

Total Points

 

 

Nursing Leadership Interview

Introduction

Nursing leaders are the driving force behind the day to day operations in a hospital setting. Their role is crucial in guiding their staff into achieving the vision of the institution and to achieve the best when it comes to patient care. Nursing leaders must be in a position to inspire others to work towards a common goal and therefore they must possess qualities such as integrity, be able to mentor, be a critical thinker, exercise honesty and have the courage to deliver on what is expected (Coonan, 2008). With the dynamic changes that are observed in the nursing world, a nurse leader must be well equipped and updated with the required knowledge to handle these dynamics for better results and to drive the team towards achieving the best quality services and patient care (Aij & Rapsaniotis, 2017). This paper will focus on a chosen nurse leader, their leadership style, level of authority, and influence within the organization and their areas of strengths and weaknesses in leadership.

The Leader, His or Her Credentials, Title, Job Responsibilities, And Pathway to Their Current Role

Our nursing leader of our focus is Jalyn McKelleb, a Senior Director of Nursing at Dignity Health, St. Rose Dominican, San Martin Campus, Las Vegas, NV. Her position which is under the supervision of the Chief Nursing Executive, was recently created after a company re-organization which show her being in charge over all managerial level nurses across all the units of the hospital, right from the ICU, ER, IMC, MS to JRU. Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example

Being a nurse by profession, Ms. Jalyn undertook her nursing undergraduate studies at Weber State University before proceeding for her masters of science in nursing leadership at Walden University. This is a true testimony that Ms. Jalyn is well equipped with the knowledge required for her position as a nurse leader which is crucial in decision making and giving direction to the team (Blake, 2015). Her rich experience in the nursing career and leadership positions held over the years gives her an upper hand in handling issues to do with team building, as well as interprofessional collaboration. As such, her career continues to brighten, coupled with rising positions in the nursing world.

Ms. Jalyn commitment to developing processes that deliver compassionate, patient-focused and high-quality care has seen her continued effort in building strong teams and encouraging interprofessional collaboration to achieve these aspects. Her dynamic skills both as a leader, educator, and nurse places her in an outstanding position where she can quickly adapt to the many situations that a hospital setting poses. Having a 13+ years in leadership position has provided her with ample experience and skills both on team building, conflict resolution and as well patient care services that can lead to the overall improvement of the services. as well as patient primary care (Coonan, 2008).

Her day to day duties includes meeting with charge nurses to discuss on the staffing and safety issues that are pressing or future plans. She also regularly meets with the administration to discuss current concerns. Every month, she is responsible for holding meetings with various departments including pharmacy, Professional Practice Committee (PPC) meetings, monthly staffing meetings, as well as monthly Union meetings. Other weekly meetings include the Covid-19 pandemic preparedness meeting with organization leaders and meetings with Physician Director for the routine update. For the organization’s operational purposes, Ms. Jalyn has to attend various daily meetings which may involve stakeholders such as the patient safety committee, CNO/COO and various departmental managers. This offers a chance for discussion of pressing matters relating to strategic growth, length of stay issues, budget, and productivity Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example. Furthermore, she is involved in overseeing various projects such as language services, policies, patient through-put, new Mental Health committee, and so on.

Ms. Jalyn is also involved with community initiatives to improve her socialization and community well-being. As such, she is a member of the Red Rose Regatta, San Martin Dragon boat team member. She also acts as a mentor for CSN Promise Scholarship and a volunteer for the boy scouts of America. In terms of professional affiliations, Ms. Jalyn is an active member of the American Association of Critical Care Nursing and also an American Nurse Association member. Apart from the membership, Ms. Jalyn is also a certified Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) from 2005 to date.

Ms. Jalyn rich nursing experience in managerial and patient care has enabled her to oversee projects professionally, manage and supervise teams, deliver training, and manage operations. Her new role as a Senior Director of Nursing at Dignity Health, St. Rose Dominican, San Martin Campus, Las Vegas, NV will add to her spanning career and this is a clear indication that Ms. Jalyn leadership star will continue even to higher heights in the future as a leader of the nursing profession. Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example

The Predominate Model/Theory of Leadership Used by The Leader and Their Style of Leadership

Leadership involves commitment and showing direction for others to follow. It involves collaboration, as well as building teams through motivation and value creation. When it comes to nursing leadership, the leader must be able to identify the strengths and weaknesses for the proper planning of the leadership model and style adoption that fits the situation on the ground. For Ms. Jalyn, she adopts the transformational leadership model with a combination of the change theory in team management and interprofessional collaboration (Katz, 1996).

For the transformational model, the leader provides the direction that they believe that it best fits everyone on the board. This is however done in a motivating way for everyone to feel comfortable (Bottomley, et al., 2014). For Ms. Jalyn, bringing on the Pilipino culture on board and incorporating it in the management structure enables the large population of the Pilipino nurse at her organization to feel motivated and valued, which in turn increases the interprofessional collaboration, as well as assuring quality service for the best patient care.

On change theory, Ms. Jalyn adopts the Lewis change theory which states that there exist dynamic forces which act as resistance to change and thus require a proper model in curbing them. First, one must create awareness of the need for change, then introduce the change and finally execute it. Having a close relationship with the union representatives by attending monthly check-in meetings with the union and having an open to all feedback is a recipe that Ms. Jalyn has always used as part of good labor relations management Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example. By doing so, applying changes thus is met by a friendly force (The staff and their representatives) that embraces and adopts it without much hesitant (Aij & Rapsaniotis, 2017)
.                

For the leadership style, Ms. Jalyn has always embraced the democratic leadership style (Johansson, 2004). She does exercise these through welcoming ideas and opinions of others and she doesn’t have a problem for asking for help and delegating tasks when necessary. These create an open and free environment where staff feels valued and their contribution is taken into consideration, fostering a good relationship between the leader and the team (Coonan, 2008). This in turn translates to an improvement of quality service and best patient care for those who require it (Blake, 2015).

The Leader’s Level of Authority and Influence Within the Organization and Their Sense of Empowerment and Efforts to Empower Others

The leader’s level of authorization within an organization is largely measured by the responsibilities bestowed on them, position held, as well as the size of the teams within their jurisdiction. Ms. Jalyn is a Senior Director of Nursing at Dignity health, St. Rose Dominican, San Martin Campus, Las Vegas, NV and she oversees the overall nursing activities right from the ICU, ER, IMC, MS all the way to JRU. She is therefore in charge of the operations in all these areas and charge nurses are the immediate contacts that she deals with as they report to her. On the other hand, Ms. Jalyn reports to the Chief Nursing Executive, who is the overall operational manager within the institution.

As a nurse leader, Ms. Jalyn level of authority and influence within the organization is remarkable as nurse charges who report to her control the various units and they act as the drive force within these units. If units are non-functional, they transform these to the departments and then to the entire organization. The units’ proper function is thus vital to the overall service delivery, organizational operation, as well as the leadership and management functioning (Aij & Rapsaniotis, 2017) Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example.

On the matters to do with sense of empowerment and efforts to empower others, Ms. Jalyn has applied the interprofessional collaboration tactic with that of the team building to empower the staff to conquer the challenges brought in by the various clinical and social situations within the health facility setting (Casey, 2004). She gives out a perfect example of the latest COVID -19 pandemic which has brought in a new element of interprofessional collaboration which empowers the different professionals to fight with one spirit towards defeating this new menace in the world of healthcare. On team building, Ms. Jalyn has realized that a perfect way to meet and interact with her managers in a casual setting did actually assist in building relationships and trust. These strongly empowered the team and also strengthened the efforts to empower others (Toofany, 2007).

On the other hand, on a personal motivation phenomenon, Ms. Jalyn applies the motivational theory to empower her through getting her motivation back. Through the Hertzberg’s two factor theory of motivation, Ms. Jalyn can reflect back on the past struggles and thoughts which are mostly kept in writing with her personal journal (Sanjeev & Surya, 2016).  Doing this helps her to re-focus and get her motivation back.  She also suggests this to her peers that she feels are losing their passion for healthcare Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example. This means that her reflections empower her through rejuvenating her motivation as well as empowering others too (Blake, 2015). Her mentorship program for the CSN promise scholarship describes her extra-organizational responsibilities geared towards empowering the community.

Comparison of Personal Philosophy/Style/Model of Leadership with The Leader and The Expectations

Leaders apply different types of styles depending on their personal preference, leadership roles as well as situational demands. As an aspiring leader, especially in a healthcare setting, my personal philosophy in leadership has been freedom of communication, ethics, and democracy. These three aspects will mean that the entire leadership that I will exercise will be guided by these philosophies in order to fulfill my leadership goals as I inspire.

In the comparison of my leadership philosophy with that of Ms. Jalyn, they are similar in many ways, a fact that has even motivated me more, seeing a successful career that Ms. Jalyn has had in her over 25 years in nursing and over a decade in the leadership position. To begin with, Ms. Jalyn applies the democratic style of leadership which dictates that the ideas and opinions of others are welcome and a leader does not have a problem asking for help and delegating tasks whenever necessary (Aij & Rapsaniotis, 2017). As such, these truly matches with my leadership philosophy of exercising democracy in leadership.

What’s more, Ms. Jalyn has always preferred open communication with her co-workers. In her interview she narrated that having open communication and good communication skills with co-workers, patients, and patient’s families can help resolve conflicts, as well as most likely avoid many conflicts.  This aspect of the leadership model also matches with my second philosophy of freedom in communication.

Furthermore, Ms. Jalyn applies conflict resolution as another aspect of her leadership model. she is very up-front in attempting to resolve conflicts between herself and others as well as between others. She approaches this in a non-threatening way. Depending on the conflict, she uses many different styles of conflict resolution and sometimes it may take a combination to resolve certain conflicts (Ali & Mojbafan, 2019).  Acting as a mediator whenever conflict arises assists in reaching a fair resolution between the parties. She utilizes negotiating, collaborating, conciliation, mediation and if needed, arbitration to resolve conflicts. This is an indication that her aspect of ethical considerations in conflict resolution is the central guide to exercising her leadership role. As such, this matches with my third philosophy of ethical leadership in my personal leadership philosophy Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example.

As I expected, Ms. Jalyn leadership model is one to be admired and it is what I have always envied as I work towards developing a career in leadership. Ethics, freedom of communication, and democracy have been my three personal philosophies in leadership and Ms. Jalyn seem to have succeeded in all these three areas through a perfect application of her leadership style which leaves many in the career of nursing craving to achieve.

 

Summary of The Leader’s Behavior, Strengths, Successes, Challenges, And Weaknesses

Ms. Jalyn is first a go getter and she stops to nothing whenever a chance emerges. She is honest and hardworking and is ready to take up challenges. Her current position as a Senior Director of Nursing was recently created which carries responsibilities that have no prior reference within the organization but she took it with passion and moved on. This shows courage and commitment in leadership which are a true reflection of a good leader and as well, a motivation to others. Moreover, her success can be attributed to a rich experience in leading teams with over a decade in the leadership positions with achievements and full of praise from her teams and the administration (Coonan, 2008). What’s more, she is able to face challenges by finding solutions that are quick and within her reach. Conflict resolution strategies, team building and interprofessional collaboration have always been her pillar in tackling challenges that mostly the leadership in nursing faces (Ali & Mojbafan, 2019) Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example. Whenever the weakness occurred, either through loss of motivation or falling out with the team, there was always a way out that emanated from Ms. Jalyn leadership attributes of finding the motivation back and fostering a good working relationship. This is a true reflection of a leader ready to take the battlefront to realize the success of her team.

Conclusion

Nursing leadership is a complex career and requires courage, commitment, and art to maneuver the tricky managerial expectations that a leader is bestowed with. To be successful as a leader one has to learn the art of team building, interprofessional collaboration as well as good communication. These aspects must be backed up with ethics and honesty to succeed. For Ms. Jalyn, this was evident in that her career success was coupled with all these aspects and her star in nursing leadership continues to rise and the future looks even brighter on her side.

References

Ali, M. M., & Mojbafan, A. (2019). Conflict and conflict management in hospitals.
International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 32
(3), 550-561.

Aij, K. H., & Rapsaniotis, S. (2017). Leadership requirements for Lean versus servant leadership in health care: a systematic review of the literature. 
Journal of healthcare leadership
, 
9
, 1.

Bottomley, K., Burgess, S., & Fox,Moses, I.,II. (2014). Are the behaviors of transformational leaders impacting organizations? A study of transformational leadership.
International Management Review, 10
(1), 5-9,66 Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example.

Blake, N. (2015). The nurse leaderʼs role in supporting healthy work environments. AACN     Advanced Critical Care, 26(3), 201-203.

Casey, C. (2004). Bureaucracy re-enchanted? spirit, experts and authority in organizations: The

interdisciplinary journal of organization, theory and society the interdisciplinary journal of organization, theory and society.
Organization, 11
(1), 59-79.

Coonan, P. R. (2008). Educational innovation: Nursing’s leadership challenge.
Nursing

Economics, 26
(2), 117-21.

Johansson, O. (2004). Introduction: Democracy and leadership – or training for democratic

leadership.
Journal of Educational Administration, 42
(6), 620-624.

Katz, J. H. (1996). Models of management: Work, authority, and organization in a comparative

perspective.
Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 49
(2), 367.

Sanjeev, M. A., & Surya, A. V. (2016). Two factor theory of motivation and satisfaction: An

empirical verification.
Annals of Data Science, 3
(2), 155-173.

Toofany, S. (2007). Team building and leadership: The key to recruitment and retention.
Nursing

Management (through 2013), 14
(1), 24-7. Nurse Leadership Interview Essay Example.

APA 7th Edition Example Paper Template

Title of the Paper in Full

Student Name

Program Name or Degree Name (e.g., Master of Science in Nursing), Walden University

COURSE XX: Title of Course

Instructor Name

Month XX, 202X

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Abstract

This is the abstract, which is typed in block format with no indentation. Abstracts are not required for all course papers. Please ask your instructor if you have questions regarding whether an abstract is required for a particular assignment. The abstract briefly summarizes your paper in 250 words or less. Through your abstract, your readers should be able to fully understand the content and the implications of the paper. Also, note that writing this section after the paper itself may be helpful. See section 2.9 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Abstracts webpage
for tips and more information on writing abstracts.

 

APA 7 Paper Template With Abstract and Advice

 

Title of the Paper in Full

This template’s margins, page numbers, and page breaks are set for you, and you do not need to change them. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (tip: check Spacing under Format, Paragraph in your word processor, and make sure that it is set to 0”). Instead, just use a standard double space, indent a full ½ inch (preferably using the tab button), and start typing. While APA allows writers to choose a font that is “accessible to readers” (American Psychological Society, 2020, p. 44), and offers a few recommended types and sizes (see Section 2.19), this template uses Times New Roman size 12. The introduction should receive no specific heading because readers assume that the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. APA 7th Edition Example Paper Template

After considering these formatting issues, you will need to construct a
thesis statement
, which lets readers know how you synthesized the literature into a treatise that is capable of advancing a new point of view. This statement provides readers with a lens for understanding the
evidence
you will present in the body of your essay (each
paragraph
and thus evidence within those paragraphs you include should support and apply to this thesis statement).

Once you have established your thesis, begin constructing the
introduction
. An easy template for writing an introduction follows:

Start with what has been said or done regarding the topic.

Explain the problem with what has been said or done.

Offer a solution in a concise thesis statement that can be supported by the evidence.

Level 1 Heading

This text will be the beginning of the body of the essay. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers follow your ideas and evidence. The first sentence in each paragraph should start with a
topic sentence
, which summarizes the main point in the current paragraph. Make sure each paragraph contains only one topic, which helps establish a
clear scope for your paragraph
. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. You can use the
MEAL plan
as a way to conceptualize and organize your paragraphs. In short, think about our paragraphs in this way: new idea, new paragraph.

Another Level 1 Heading

Here is another Level 1 heading. Note that, when you add additional headings, you should use the APA levels available in the Styles area of your toolbar. If you enter them manually instead, you may need to delete the automatic indent that appears because Word thinks you are beginning a new paragraph. Again, the
topic sentence
of this section should explain how this paragraph is related or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using
transitions
between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.

Level 2 Heading

The Level 2 heading designates a subsection of the previous section. Using headings is a great way to organize a paper and increase its readability, so see Section 2.27 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Heading Levels webpage
for details on heading formatting (APA 7 also has a chart detailing heading formatting in the inside front cover). For shorter papers, using one or two levels is all that is needed. You would use Level 1 (centered, bold font with title case) and Level 2 (left aligned, bold, title case). This template provides examples of APA’s four heading levels, but remember to use headings judiciously to indicate your paper’s organization. Too many headings (e.g., headings for each paragraph) can be distracting, while too little headings can make your paper’s organization unclear. APA 7th Edition Example Paper Template

 

Level 3 Heading

Level 3 and 4 headings introduce some new formatting. Level 3 headings are in italics, and Level 4 headings are indented. All headings are in title case. The number of heading levels needed in a particular paper is not set, but longer papers may benefit from another heading level, such as this Level 3 heading (which is left-aligned, bold, italicized, and title case), in order to clearly organize and identify the nesting development of ideas.

Level 4 Heading.
One crucial area in APA is learning how to cite. Make sure to
cite source information throughout your paper
to avoid plagiarism. This practice is critical: you need to give credit to your sources and avoid copying others’ work. APA 7th Edition Example Paper Template. Look at Chapter 8 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Plagiarism Prevention Resource Kit
for guidelines on citing source information in your writing.

Level 1 Heading

APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous resources on its website and by email to help. Email
writingsupport@waldenu.edu
or visit our
Live Chat Hours
for questions, and peruse the
APA Style section
of our website for in-depth information. The Writing Center’s
Crash Course in APA Style
video
can help you identify the APA rules you may need to learn more about.

Level 1 Heading

The
conclusion
section should recap the major points of your paper. A conclusion can be one paragraph, but it can also be a few paragraphs, depending on the length of your paper. However, perhaps more importantly, the conclusion should also interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. To help write your conclusion, consider asking yourself these questions: What do you want to happen with the information you have provided? What do you want to change? What is your ultimate goal in using this information? What would it mean if the reader of your paper took and used the suggestions in your paper? APA 7th Edition Example Paper Template

 

References

(Note that the following references are intended as examples only. These entries illustrate different types of references but are not cited in the body of this template. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.

For additional information, examples, and help with reference entries, see Chapter 9 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
References section of the website
, particularly the
Common Reference List Examples page
.)

American Counseling Association. (n.d.).
About us.

https://www.counseling.org/about-us/about-aca

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences.
Educational Leadership, 76
(1), 26-33.

Bach, D., & Blake, D. J. (2016). Frame or get framed: The critical role of issue framing in nonmarket management.
California Management Review, 58
(3), 66-87.
https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.66

Burgess, R. (2019).
Rethinking global health: Frameworks of Power.
Routledge. APA 7th Edition Example Paper Template

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24
(2), 225–229.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Johnson, P. (2003).
Art: A new history.
HarperCollins.
https://doi.org/10.1037.0000136-000
​

Lindley, L. C., & Slayter, E. M. (2018). Prior trauma exposure and serious illness at end of life: A national study of children in the U.S. foster care system from 2005 to 2015.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56
(3), 309–317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.001

Osman, M. A. (2016, December 15).
5 do’s and don’ts for staying motivated.
Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/5-dos-and-donts-for-staying-motivated/art-20270835

Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016).
Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice
(7th ed.). Wiley.

Walden University Library. (n.d.).
Anatomy of a research article
[Video].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/instructionalmedia/tutorials#s-lg-box-7955524

Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.).
Writing literature reviews in your graduate coursework
[Webinar].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/webinars/graduate#s-lg-box-18447417

World Health Organization. (2018, March).
Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety.

https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/
   APA 7th Edition Example Paper Template

APA 7 Paper Template With Abstract and Advice

Professional Liability for APNs

In the above writings, I agree that organizations have the responsibility of information their providers on how to identify and minimize risks associated with professional liability. Any healthcare organization should guide its employees on risk management and educate them about risk-related issues. Nurse practitioners should be provided with continuing education in the assessment of risks and risk minimization regularly.   When nurse practitioners understand the potential liability risks, they will be able to prevent or mitigate these risks. Research and collection of data related to nursing malpractice liability should go on being published to increase nurse practitioner’s knowledge concerning malpractice and professional liability (NAPNAP, 2015).

The issue I would like to add to enhance the conversation is the importance of employers providing liability insurance for their staff and strategies that a nurse practitioner can use to reduce the risk for professional liability. According to NAPNAP (2015), liability insurance safeguards providers of health care as well as their clients. Even though the employer might provide coverage for malpractice insurance, it might not entirely safeguard the individual nurse practitioners of their license. Therefore, nurse practitioners must analyze the coverage provided by the employer to establish whether having individual malpractice is necessary.  Nurse practitioners have the obligation of understanding of malpractice risks within their work setting and have an awareness of the form of coverage paid for employer- provided insurance.

Stewart and DeNisco (2018) indicate that while a nurse practitioner may be covered by the malpractice program of his or her employer, it behooves the nurse practitioner to have personal malpractice insurance to avert an employer’s conflict of insurance. Also, the nurse practitioner can lessen the risk of professional liability by maintaining present clinical knowledge and skills, clearly documenting all treatments and carefully evaluating how a patient responds to treatment.

 

References

National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP). (2015). Position Statement on Malpractice Insurance for Nurse Practitioners.,
Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 29
(4), A11-A12.

Stewart, J., &  DeNisco, S. (2018).
Role Development for the Nurse Practitioner
. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

 

How your organization should identify and minimize the potential risks regarding professional liability for APNs?

Discuss specific strategies or actions the APN can utilize to ensure effective risk management.

Discuss how APNs will maintain standards of care to as they practice throughout your organization.

Hi All,

As we focus on potential risks and liabilities for our providers, it is important to outline these risks for our nurse practitioners. As with any providers, increased responsibility also brings more associated risks (Pearce, 2016). As mistakes occur it is important that our providers are informed, ready, and supported. A way to do this is by preparing and understanding potential risks. These risks include the following: possible clinical errors, malpractice, negative public view towards nurse practitioners, potential HIPAA violations or exposing confidential information, not informing patients, and additional direct practice risks (Buppert, 2018).

By ensuring our providers are aware of associated risks helps minimize potential risks. These risks can have anything to do with quality of care to the patients individual view of care or of the provider themselves (Buppert, 2018). Therefore, our company puts strain on keeping up with clinical professional appearance including physical as well as maintaining a positive reputation. Maintaining up to date clinical practice and utilizing those current practices in day to day care. Ensure our NP’s understand the importance of having personal insurance. Keeping NP’s aware of HIPAA laws and potential violations (Pearce, 2016).

In order for our company to help support our providers, it is important that we provide them with content to continue to be successful and minimize potential liability risks. This include educational content, providing up to date information to serve as educational documents as well as giving a consistent reference to standards of care. These standards are especially important to keep clear and intact for our company, especially in the case of any possible malpractice lawsuits (Norful, de Jacq, Carlino & Poghosyan, 2018).

In the above writings what do you agree with how they answered the questions and what would you add to enhance the conversation regarding the above question.. this is a discussion question

advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay

Scope of practice

Part 1. A discussion of the scope of your future role as an advanced registered nurse, including any regulatory, certification, or accreditation agencies that define that scope.

My motivation for gaining an advanced registered nurse qualification is to become an educator who prepares the next crop of nurses for practice. I expect that being a nurse educator will allow me to engage individuals aspiring to become nurses in a formal education process where I will impart professional nursing skills and concepts. I anticipate that being an educator is a specialty role for advanced registered nurses since it deviates from the traditional role of nurses to engage patients in providing primary care, and instead move towards preparing future nurses for practice (Grinspun & Bajnok, 2018) advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay.

I anticipate that my ability to practice as a nurse educator will be determined by four elements. The first element is the regulatory requirements. Like any other education program, nursing programs are managed by professional bodies that determine if the educators are qualified to prepare students at the level of education. This includes having the right accreditation and certification that is recognized by the relevant authorities, and considered as an indication of qualification as an educator. The second element is educational background. A higher level of education is typically preferred since it is indicative of professional proficiency and knowledge, as well as familiarity with important concepts that influence practice. It is not uncommon for educators to be engaged in research activities and to be authorities who have published materials. Successfully completing education courses are also preferred since this is an indication of an understanding of how to educate others having understood the different education theories and what learners require (Cherry & Jacobs, 2013).

The third element is the work conditions. Good earning potential and work conditions can be good motivators for taking on the role of an educator. For instance, a tenured position would be preferable over a non-tenured position since it offers greater job security, autonomy and permanency that reduces work-related stress. The final element is the educator responsibilities and roles. This element influences practice as an educator through matching capabilities to expectations such as advising students, teaching, practicing as a nurse, and conducting research advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay. Each education institution has unique expectations of its faculty members, and these expectations must be matched to capabilities (Milstead & Short, 2019).

There are two agencies that define the scope of practice for advanced registered nurses who take on the role of educators. The first agency is the National League for Nursing (NLN) that offers accreditation services for nurse educators across the USA. The agency exercises its accreditation authority through the Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation (CNEA), as a branch of NLN whose singular responsibility is to accredit nurse educators with a focus on ensuring that education services focus on the core values of excellence, caring, diversity and integrity. The second agency that defines the scope of practice for nurse educators is the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). This is a national agency that offers certification to nurse educators. It draws its authority from the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA). The NCCA has the primary responsibility of certifying nurse educators using the most current practice standards, a responsibility that it fulfils through regularly updating its certification requirements and ensuring that nurse educators meet the requirements before being permitted to practice.

There are two certification programs that define the scope of practice for nurse educators. Firstly, the certified nurse education program enables nurse educators to facilitate learning activities in nurse education facilities. Some of the activities that the program permits educators to engage in include curriculum design, as well as teaching, advising and evaluating nursing students advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay. Secondly, the certified nurse educator program enables nurse educators to facilitate the clinical components of nurse learning activities (Black, 2016).

Part 2. A discussion of three professional nursing organizations that you think are most influential in advancing the scope and influence of advanced nursing.

The three professional nursing organizations that are most influential in advancing the scope and influence of advanced nursing are the NLN, American Association for Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and Organization for Associate Degree Nursing (OADN). The first organization is the NLN that draws members from among nurses and focuses on ensuring that nursing excellence is not compromised. It achieves this by facilitating professional development among advanced registered nurses. This occurs through managing testing services, research grants and teaching resources for its members. Besides that, the NLN has a direct influence on the scope of nurse educators through managing their qualifications for practice and credentialing (National League of Nursing, 2020). The second organization is the AACN, the national agency whose primary responsibility is to improve the quality of nurse academics advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay. It does this by promoting advanced nursing practice, research and education. This agency focuses on improving health care in general and nursing care delivery in particular through establishing the quality standards for nursing education, In addition, it aids the nursing education institutions to implement these standards. Besides that, it supports professional nursing practice (American Association for Colleges of Nursing, 2020). The third organization is the OADN, the national agency that represents advanced registered nurses and advocates for their interests. It draws its members from among nurses who have associate degree nursing qualifications. The agency’s primary responsibility is to promote an idealized future for advanced registered nurses while enhancing the quality of their education and strengthening their professional roles. Additionally, the agency presents a platform for unifying nurse professionals through supporting networking opportunities and disseminating information even as it partners with other organizations (Organization for Associate Degree Nursing, 2020).

Concerning the three organizations (NLN, AACN and OADN), perhaps the most important organization is the NLN. It is the oldest nurses’ organization in the USA since it was formed in 1893. It has the most number of members and has much influence. It has 37,000 individual members and 1,200 institutions. The organization focuses on promoting nursing education excellence as its primary mission advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay. It does this through building a diverse and strong nursing workforce with the capacity to advance the health agenda at the global and national levels (National League of Nursing, 2020). NLN is distinctive from the AACN and OADN since it draws members from across the world while the two are restricted to drawing members from the USA. Besides that, the members of NLN are not restricted to any single group and include health care organizations, education organizations, the public, nurse practitioners, and nurse educators. As a member of NLN, I expect to be exposed to nurse diversity since I will have access to a global network of nurses. Additionally, NLN members have access to assessment and testing services, research grants, networking opportunities and development programs that help with professional growth and development. In its long history of existence, the NLN has always remained current by revising its objectives and operations, and continuously renewing itself. These measures ensure that the organization remains relevant with regards to improving, enhancing and expanding the provision of nursing services while supporting efforts to deliver high quality nursing education (National League of Nursing, 2020).

The NLN is aligned with my worldview and philosophy of care. All through its long history, the organization has continuously evolved to remain relevant advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay. I believe that nursing is an evolving profession and there is always room for improvement. As such, I am always open to new knowledge and experiences. Through having access to a large network of nurses and other stakeholders, I am able to engage in discussions, discover new knowledge and contribute to practice changes so that I experience professional growth even as the profession matures. In addition, the organization offers research and education opportunities along with access to current evidence that enhance my practice. As a result, the organization presents many resources that nurses can use to improve professional skills, knowledge and practice advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay.

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Part 3. A discussion of a controversial or evolving issue that is most likely to affect your scope of practice or role in the next few years.

Nurses play an important role in health care delivery. Although nursing is typically a rewarding career, particularly for those whose primary focus is on providing care, challenges abound to make it a demanding profession. One of the most controversial issues that nurses face is that they are underpaid and overworked. In fact, many nurses feel that their pay rates are low when considering their duties and responsibilities. The pressure is heightened by the fact that medical organizations are forced to comply with industry regulations and standards around nurse-to-patient ratios. This has created a situation in which nurses either find themselves single-handedly doing the work of two nurses or working for longer than they are supposed to work. The issue also places the health of nurses at risk. This controversial issue has had the inevitable distinction of causing high turnover rates among nurses and low recruitment rates so that nurse number populations remain low. The nurse populations are likely to remain low and the available nurses being overworked unless the pay rate and working hours can be improved (Huff, Kline & Peterson, 2015) advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay.

References

Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (2020).
Home
. Retrieved from https://www.acenursing.org/

American Association for Colleges of Nursing (2020).
About AACN
. Retrieved from https://www.aacnnursing.org/About-AACN

National League of Nursing (2020).
About
. Retrieved from http://www.nln.org/about

Organization for Associate Degree Nursing (2020).
About OADN
. Retrieved from https://www.oadn.org/about-us/about-oadn

Black, B. (2016).
Professional nursing-e-book: concepts & challenges
. New York, NY: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Grinspun, D. & Bajnok, I. (2018).
Transforming nursing through knowledge: best practices for guideline development, implementation science, and evaluation
. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International.

Cherry, B. & Jacob, S. (2013).
Contemporary nursing, issues, trends, & management
(6
th
ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Huff, R., Kline, M. & Peterson, D. (2015).
Health promotion in multicultural populations: a handbook for practitioners and students
(3
rd
ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Stanhope, M. & Lancaster, J. (2014).
Public health nursing: population-centered health care in the community
(8
th
ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier/Mosby.

Milstead, J. & Short, N. (2019).
Health policy and politics: a nurse’s guide
(6
th
ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

Advanced registered nursing graduates are entering the profession at dynamic time when roles and scope of practice are shifting based on developments in legislation and policy in response to the evolving needs of the health care system. Professional nursing organizations play an important role in making sure the perspectives of advanced registered nurses are heard, and in supporting nurse specialties in their efforts to expand their scope of practice and their full participation throughout the health care system advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay.

For this assignment, you will conduct research on the current scope of practice for your specialty and efforts that are being made to expand that scope and the role of the advanced nurse in positively influencing the health care system. Write a 1,250-1,500-word paper that includes the following:

A discussion of the scope of your future role as an advanced registered nurse, including any regulatory, certification, or accreditation agencies that define that scope.

A discussion of three professional nursing organizations that you think are most influential in advancing the scope and influence of advanced nursing. Of these organizations, evaluate the one that you would most like to join. How do its goals and mission fit in with your worldview and philosophy of care? How might membership in this organization improve your practice?

A discussion of a controversial or evolving issue that is most likely to affect your scope of practice or role in the next few years. How do you think this issue could influence the profession and other stakeholders, and why does it matters to the advanced registered nurse?

You are required to cite five to 10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required advanced registered nurse scope of practice essay.

Executive Summary

In this assignment, you will propose a quality improvement initiative from your place of employment that could easily be implemented if approved. Assume you are presenting this program to the board for approval of funding. Write an executive summary (750-1,000 words) to present to the board, from which the board will make its decision to fund your program or project. Include the following:

The purpose of the quality improvement initiative.

The target population or audience.

The benefits of the quality improvement initiative.

The interprofessional collaboration that would be required to implement the quality improvement initiative.

The cost or budget justification.

The basis upon which the quality improvement initiative will be evaluated.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Quality Improvement Program for Nursing Home

Executive Summary

According to (WHO, 2020) facts, falls are the second leading cause of unintentional/accidental injury and cause an estimated 646000 deaths annually. Adults over 65 years account for the most casualties, with over 37 million falls requiring medical attention every year. Moreover, (CDC.gov, 2003), states that typical nursing home (with 100 beds or more) record hundreds of falls – many going unreported. A Bavarian study by (Büchele, 2014) postulates that the fall rates are higher in men (2.18 falls per person-year) than in women (1.49 falls per person-year) with three-quarters of the falls occurring in the residents’ rooms or bathrooms. Having worked in a seniors’ living facility for a couple of months, I realized that the facility had put very few measures to mitigate injury and death from falls in the facility. This quality improvement plan was created to help curb the prevalence of falls amongst older adults living within a nursing facility.

Target Population/Audience

More than 1.4 million seniors are living in over 15000 nursing homes across the US (CDC.gov, 2016). This plan is meant to benefit the 212 seniors living within the facility where I work as well as the millions of others living in nursing facilities in the US and globally.

Benefits of the Program

The plans seek to increase the number of support rails in the residents’ rooms, common areas, and high-risk areas as well as sensitizing residents on preventive measures against falls. Once implemented, the plan will benefit both the residents and staff living or working in the facility by reducing the number of falls. The sensitization program will also help older people to prevent any injuries or casualties resulting from accidental or unintentional falls during their stay within the facility.

Interprofessional Collaboration Strategy

For any quality improvement program to become successful and effective (Reeves, 2017) states that there must be a collaboration between healthcare professionals, stakeholders, and the target population. The plan will be useful and successful if a healthcare professional upholds collaboration in the facility and the members. The partnership will be required between facility staff, management, and the seniors living there. Each stakeholder plays a specific role in actualizing the program and ultimately boosting seniors’ safety within the facility. The main stakeholders include the Director of Nursing (DON) at the facility, Head Nurse (HN), CareGivers (CG), and the facility’s physical development team.

Director of Nursing (DON)

The DON plays an executive and oversight role in the program. As the chief decision-maker in the facility, she will approve all plans and models of the program and oversee its adoption and actualization in the facility. She also endorses program budgets and manages the accounts on behalf of all stakeholders. The DON receives briefings and opinions from the head nurse, registered nurses, and the facility’s physical development team.

Head Nurse (HN)

The HN oversees the implementation of the program at the ground level. She receives briefs from registered nurses and the facility’s physical development team and relays it to the DON for approval. The RN distributes resources and oversees program materials are provided and trickle-down promptly. As the project manager, the HN will ensure all plans are actualized and all steps put in place to ensure project success and effectiveness.

CareGivers (CG)

The CGs are the link between the seniors and the management. They are responsible for the actualization of the plans and training of the members on the program. CGs will ensure the support rails are fixed appropriately and in the right areas to minimize falls within the facility. They receive budget estimates from the physical development team and forward them to the registered nurses for approval.

Physical Development Team

The team is responsible for the erection and fixation of the support rails within the facilities. It will also ensure measures like resurfacing slippery floors, putting warnings and hazards in high-risk areas and ensuring common areas and seniors’ rooms are free from fall hazards.

Budget Estimates for the Program

           
The program entails fixing hand and support rails within the facility, seniors rooms, common areas and bathrooms. A few modifications will also be made in high risks areas like eradicating slippery floors. Support/grab rails cost $20-$30 per bar. The facility has 14 male shower rooms and 19 female shower rooms. Each shower requires at least 2 bars amounting to $100 per bath. All 212 seniors’ rooms will also need two support bars each – amounting to $50 per cabin. Physical improvements and training of members will require at least $1200 and $500 respectively. According to the above estimates, the entire program’s budget is approximately $15000.

Program Evaluation

           
Program evaluation is fundamental to any quality improvement program. According to (Pritham, 2016), the assessment allows stakeholders to determine the effects of the programs, its success, and possible improvements that can make it more effective. The program will be evaluated every month to determine whether it helps curb the number of falls amongst seniors living within the facility. Where loopholes are identified, actions will be taken swiftly to ensure the program runs effectively.

 

References

Büchele, G. B. (2014). Predictors of serious consequences of falls in residential aged care: analysis of more than 70,000 falls from residents of Bavarian nursing homes.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(8)
, 559-563.

CDC.gov. (2003, February 27).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
. Retrieved from CDC.gov: https://www.in.gov/isdh/files/CDC_Falls_in_Nursing_Homes.pdf

CDC.gov. (2016, March 11).
Center for Disease Conntrol and Prevention
. Retrieved from CDC.gov : https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/nursing-home-care.htm

Pritham, U. A. (2016). Assessing DNP impact using program evaluations to capture healthcare system change.
The Nurse Practitioner, 41(4)
, 44-53.

Reeves, S. P. (2017). Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6)
.

WHO. (2020, March 20).
World Health Organization
. Retrieved from World Health Organization.int: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls

Write a 500-750 word about pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in inpatient rehabilitation. Make sure to include the following:

The problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need that will be the focus of the project

The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed.

A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need.

Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes.

Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing.

A proposed solution to the identified project topic

You are required to retrieve and assess a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed articles. Plan your time accordingly to complete this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is not required

The problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need that will be the focus of the project

Pressure ulcers have been identified as one of the leading causes of morbidity in in-patients as well as a contributor to poor health outcomes and consequent high increase in costs of healthcare (Jaul et al., 2018). Pressure ulcers are classified among the leading causes of medical-related errors. However, with appropriate care and interventions, nurses can avoid pressure ulcers and the resultant deteriorating effects on the patient and additional costs to a healthcare facility.

The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed
.

Nurses working in healthcare facilities located in rural settings face a unique challenge as regards maintaining competency (Buerhaus et al., 2017). This is more so when these nurses face complications that are uncommon such as the treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers. Educational programs for nurses can improve their decision making processes. However, the programs need to be designed carefully and successfully implemented if sustained changes in practices are to be achieved as well as improved patient outcomes are to be realized (Stiggelbout et al., 2015).

A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need

Persons charged with nurse education in rural areas are required to educate nurses in a way that empowers them to offer care that is competent and knowledgeable including in lower frequency situations of patient care. Nurses in different competency levels have different prioritization of patient care (Meretoja et al., 2015). Beginner nurses have linear thinking while nurses that are more competent are capable of utilizing approaches that are more complex when prioritizing care to patients. Hence, understanding the needs of these categories of nurses helps in addressing complex care issues. The professional self-confidence and personal self-concept of nurses are related directly to the competency level of a nurse (Orta et al., 2016). Self-confidence is a necessary component of competence. Nurses with high levels of self-confidence also exhibit increased engagement and interest in care and management of patients, lifelong learning, as well as in addressing quality standards.

Nurses working in rural settings may be impeded by few resources in the quest to access continuous education necessary for achieving clinical competency (Hendrickx &Winters, 2017). One of the main concerns regarding rural setting nurses is access to educational opportunities. Additionally, when evidence-based information is used in the continuing education programs, it increases the potential for rural setting nurses to attend as well as value the programs (Kalb et al., 2011)

Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes

Prevention programs for pressure ulcers comprise of diverse components such as skin assessment, use of support surfaces and preventive measures, education and training, and assessment of risk (Mallah, Nassar, & Badr, 2015). Prevention programs for PU including nurse education have shown significant results as pertaining to the reduction in prevalence as well as a reduction in the time it takes to treat PU. When nurses’ knowledge improves, it results in enhanced patient outcomes such as a reduction in human suffering, reduction in pain, and a reduction in the time spent in hospitals (Dillie & Mengistu, 2015).

Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing

Studies have shown that PU treatment and prevention can be enhanced through nurse’s knowledge, intentions, attitudes, and practices towards the healthcare concern, the years of experience, as well as the gender of nurse play a significant role in relation to the intentions, attitudes, practices, and knowledge of nurses on PU treatment and prevention (Dillie & Mengistu, 2015). Thus an education program that targets nurses of all genders and various levels of experience is a powerful tool for improving their understanding. Education programs can assist nurses to improve on the nursing care quality.

A proposed solution to the identified project topic

Rural nurses would benefit from an education program on PU treatment and prevention. A multi-faceted educational intervention will be designed. The project will require an instrument to be crafted that will measure the nurse’s knowledge on pressure ulcers and permission sought from relevant ethical boards to utilize the said instrument. The PICO model will be used where a multi-faceted, evidence-based educational intervention that is linked to treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers, in comparison to absence of formal education will result in enhancing the confidence and knowledge of rural setting nurses in caring for patients that have pressure ulcers or are at risk of acquiring PUs. The purpose of the project will be to assess the impact that an education intervention that is multi-faceted would have on the competency and knowledge of nurses working in rural settings, in relation to PU treatment and prevention. The goal of the project t will be to measure the multifaceted educational intervention’s efficacy in aiding rural setting nurses to not only achieve but also maintain the confidence and knowledge that is related to the treatment and prevention of PUs.

 

References

Buerhaus, P. I., Skinner, L. E., Auerbach, D. I., & Staiger, D. O. (2017). Four challenges facing the nursing workforce in the United States. 
Journal of Nursing Regulation
, 
8
(2), 40-46.

Dilie, A., & Mengistu, D. (2015). Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers to expressed pressure ulcer prevention practice in Addis Ababa government hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2015. 
Advances in Nursing
, 
2015
.

Hendrickx, L., & Winters, C. (2017). Access to continuing education for critical care nurses in rural or remote settings. 
Critical care nurse
, 
37
(2), 66-71.

Jaul, E., Barron, J., Rosenzweig, J. P., & Menczel, J. (2018). An overview of co-morbidities and the development of pressure ulcers among older adults. 
BMC geriatrics
, 
18
(1), 1-11.

Kalb, K. A., O’Conner-Von, S. K., Brockway, C., Rierson, C. L., & Sendelbach, S. (2015). Evidence-based teaching practice in nursing education: Faculty perspectives and practices. 
Nursing education perspectives
, 
36
(4), 212-219.

Mallah, Z., Nassar, N., & Badr, L. K. (2015). The effectiveness of a pressure ulcer intervention program on the prevalence of hospital acquired pressure ulcers: controlled before and after study. 
Applied Nursing Research
, 
28
(2), 106-113.

Meretoja, R., Numminen, O., Isoaho, H., & Leino‐Kilpi, H. (2015). Nurse competence between three generational nurse cohorts: A cross‐sectional study. 
International journal of nursing practice
, 
21
(4), 350-358.

Orta, R., Messmer, P. R., Valdes, G. R., Turkel, M., Fields, S. D., & Wei, C. C. (2016). Knowledge and competency of nursing faculty regarding evidence-based practice. 
The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing
, 
47
(9), 409-419.

Stiggelbout, A. M., Pieterse, A. H., & De Haes, J. C. (2015). Shared decision making: concepts, evidence, and practice. 
Patient education and counseling
, 
98
(10), 1172-1179.

Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Example 1

Healthcare Organization Website Review

Evidence-based practice is a tool used in healthcare to provide the most effective care that is available, intending to improve patient outcomes. It’s beneficial for problem-solving in the clinical care setting. EBP (evidence-based practice) is well-designed studies that have been done by clinical expertise. In reviewing EBP, I have discovered the healthcare organization Join

The reviewed website for this discussion belongs to New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Nyp.org, 2019). It is one of America’s largest and most comprehensive healthcare delivery system devoted to providing the highest quality and most comprehensive care and services to patients. Besides, it is a leader in medical education and the only academic medical center in the whole of the US affiliated with two world-class medical schools. As a leading healthcare organization, NewYork-Presbyterian (NYP) The hospital should be at the forefront in implementing Evidence-based practice (EBP). This has not been a letdown, as shown by its mission, vision, purpose, and QPS domains. In its mission, EBP is evident as the organization strives to be a high-quality hospital that facilitates quality, safety, and best patient outcomes (Nyp.org, 2019). NYP’s mission is aligned with the objectives of EBP, which is the promotion of high-value health care through the provision of quality and reliable care, improve health outcomes, and minimize differences in costs and care (Melnyk, Gallagher-Ford, Long & Fineout-Overholt, 2014).

EBP is shown in its vision, whose aim is to make NYP the best and safest academic health system through the promotion of zero harm, and a culture of safety, and reliability. In the purpose of the NYP, EBP is evident as the facility supports initiatives designed to develop and share best practices and attain optimal patient outcomes and family experience. Regarding QPS domains, EBP is evident in NYP quality improvement initiatives, patient safety, analytics, and infection prevention and control.

Grounding of EBP

An evaluation of the NYP website indicates that the organization’s work is grounded in EBP practice. The organization has formed partnerships with other healthcare organizations to provide the best medical education, patient-centered clinical care, and revolutionary research and innovation in the healthcare sector. According to Kowalski (2017), there are various ways to implement EBP in a hospital setting, and it includes education, peer involvement, leveraging expertise, promoting EBP culture, and many more. NYP achieves EBP when it creates and encourages EBP culture, EBP programs, research, innovations, and development of clinical guidelines in the clinical arena. For instance, it supports staff interested in EBP besides promoting a wide range of activities such as clinical trials to bring quality improvement (Crabtree, Brennan, Davis & Coyle, 2016). Supporting and involving healthcare providers in EBP is an important step taken by NYP because they serve as the front line of the clinical care and possess an exclusive chance to improve care via EBP.

Perception of Healthcare Organization

The information obtained on the website has changed my whole perception of hospitals and EBP. For instance, I have learned that hospitals are an integral component in enhancing EBP practices through the support of staff interested in EBP. Still, I have learned that EBP is part and parcel of the current health care system, which is now patient-centered.

 

References

Kowalski, M. (2017). Strategies to heighten EBP engagement. 
Nursing Management (Springhouse)
, 
48
(2), 13-15. doi: 10.1097/01.numa.0000511928.43882.55

Melnyk, B., Gallagher-Ford, L., Long, L., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2014). The Establishment of Evidence-Based Practice Competencies for Practicing Registered Nurses and Advanced Practice Nurses in Real-World Clinical Settings: Proficiencies to Improve Healthcare Quality, Reliability, Patient Outcomes, and Costs. 
Worldviews On Evidence-Based Nursing
, 
11
(1), 5-15. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12021

Nyp.org. (2019). NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital Medical center. Retrieved 24 November 2019, from https://www.nyp.org/about-us/patient-safety

Nyp.org. (2019). NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital Medical center. Retrieved 24 November 2019, from https://www.nyp.org/about-us/patient-safety

 

 

 

 

Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Example 2

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a lifelong analytic process to clinical practice that combines external evidence from research, evidence-based theories, clinical expertise, and patient preferences and values (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018).  Best practice only occurs when staff continually ask questions about treatment and care, have the resources and skills necessary to search for and appraise research evidence, implement the evidence in practice, and evaluate its effectiveness (Dawes et al., [ 1] ; Hockenberry et al., [ 2] ).

After researching for a healthcare organization that has evidence-based practice, I found the “The American Geriatrics Society” (AGS).  AGS is a nationwide, not-for-profit society of geriatrics healthcare professionals dedicated to improving the health, independence, and quality of life of older people (American Geriatric Society, 2020).  Founded in 1942, they have  6,000+ members which include geriatricians, geriatric nurses, social workers, family practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and internists who are pioneers in advanced-illness care for older individuals, with a focus on championing interprofessional teams, eliciting personal care goals, and treating older people as whole persons( American Geriatric Society, 2020).   In addition, AGS hosts the premier industry scientific event annually where professional from all geriatric disciplines can garner the most current information and information-based research regarding aging research, and new and creative research based clinical care and delivery plans. Their vision, “We are all able to contribute to our communities and maintain our health, safety, and independence as we age; and older people have access to high-quality, person-centered care informed by geriatrics principles.” (American Geriatric Society, 2020).

One AGS program, The AGS Annual Scientific Meeting, is the premier educational event in geriatrics, providing the latest information on clinical care, research on aging, and innovative models of care delivery (American Geriatric Society, 2020).  Held annually, the AGS Annual Scientific Meeting addresses the educational needs of geriatrics professionals from all disciplines.  Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physician assistants, social workers, long-term care and managed care providers, health care administrators, and others can update their knowledge and skills through state-of-the-art educational sessions, including invited symposia, workshops, and meet-the-expert sessions (American Geriatric Society, 2020).

The American Geriatric Society is grounded in evidence-based practice in their programs.  One can find evidence of this on their home page website under the program tab.  One example is the Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Program where they participate in fall prevention for the elderly.  On July 2, 2019, AGS wrote a letter to the Senate Special Committee regarding fall-related injuries and deaths, which are a major threat to the health and independence of older adults (American Geriatric Society, 2020).

As a nurse working with elderly patients, their family members and friends, my perception of AGS is that they are helpful in our society because the organization aims for something as unique as it is necessary like training the workforce we need.  This appears to be especially important because America has an extremely large and growing population of baby boomers.  Elderly people need and will continue to need a greater amount of care and comfort to lead a healthy life without worries and anxiety.

References

American Geriatric Society. (2020). Learn more about who we are. Retrieved from

https://www.americangeriatrics.org/about-us

Dawes, M., Summerskill, W., Glasziou, P., Cartabellotta, A., Martin, J., Hopayian, K., & … Osborne, J. (2005). Sicily statement on evidence ‐ based practice. BMC Medical Education, 5, 1. Retrieved from

https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=1d908346-

Melnyk, B.M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

 

 

Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Example 3

According to Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt (2018), evidence-based (EBP) practice enhances the quality of healthcare and improves patient outcomes, so it is imperative that professional healthcare organizations use evidence-based practice.  The healthcare organization I chose to examine is the National Institute of Health (NIH).  The NIH is a governmental agency of the United States that is responsible for public health research.

The foundation of the NIH is based on evidence-based practice and this is evident from browsing their website.  An example of their use of EBP is found in the mission and goals statement in which they state that “NIH’s mission is to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of the knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability” (www.nih.gov, n.d.).  Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt (2018) discuss the six steps of the evidence-based practice process, and based off of this mission statement, we see the second step, searching for and collecting the most relevant best evidence, come into play.  To demonstrate the NIH’s dedication to the use of EBP, the Feinstein Institute for Medical research, the largest healthcare provider in New York, was awarded a grant from the NIH for $850,000 to support their efforts to create tools for doctors and advanced practice medical personnel to make and implement evidence-based clinical practice, as it is estimated that a third of hospital deaths are due to a lack of EBP practice (PRNewswire, 2019).

The NIH’s work is grounded in EBP as each step in the EBP process is seen throughout this healthcare organization.  The NIH begins with a question based off of a clinical situation.  They then receive funds to collect and search for the best and most relevant evidence.  The results of the studies are examined for validity and reliability.  They then integrate the evidence, evaluate the outcomes, and lastly disseminate the information.  On their website, there is a page dedicated to their 16 research initiatives and each appear to use the EBP process to further their research.

My perception of this healthcare organization has changed.  I knew what the NIH’s purpose was, but was surprised by the amount of funding and emphasis put on evidence-based practice to help practitioners implement these processes in their healthcare systems.  As Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt (2018) discuss, while there is research evidence to help dictate best practice but many healthcare systems are steeped in tradition, and unwilling to change their policies.  Mccormack (2017) makes the point that it is often difficult for healthcare workers to maintain compliance in their healthcare facility to ensure they are meeting the national standard for accreditation, but at the same time are encouraged to research EBP, although it might go against the standard of practice set in one’s workplace.  I was impressed that the NIH provides research for EBP but also encourages and supports figuring out how to actually implement new research into medical personnel’s practice.

References

Effort to “nudge” doctor’s adoption of evidence-based clinical practice receives NIH support. (2019). PRNewswire. Retrieved from https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=0d897207-4e3e-4e11-a8a1-be03acbf85e1@pdc-v-sessmgr03&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==#AN=201902131607PR.NEWS.USPR.CL53584&db=bwh

Mccormack, B. (2017). Compliance Versus Innovation in Evidence-Based Nursing. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(3), 173–174. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12240

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: a guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2020, from https://www.nih.gov/

 

 

Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

March 21, 2010, was not EBP’s date of birth, but it may be the date the approach “grew up” and left home to take on the world.

When the Affordable Care Act was passed, it came with a requirement of empirical evidence. Research on EBP increased significantly. Application of EBP spread to allied health professions, education, healthcare technology, and more. Health organizations began to adopt and promote EBP.

In this Discussion, you will consider this adoption. You will examine healthcare organization websites and analyze to what extent these organizations use EBP.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the definition and goal of EBP.

Choose a professional healthcare organization’s website (e.g., a reimbursing body, an accredited body, or a national initiative).

Explore the website to determine where and to what extent EBP is evident.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post
 a description of the healthcare organization website you reviewed. Describe where, if at all, EBP appears (e.g., the mission, vision, philosophy, and/or goals of the healthcare organization, or in other locations on the website). Then, explain whether this healthcare organization’s work is grounded in EBP and why or why not. Finally, explain whether the information you discovered on the healthcare organization’s website has changed your perception of the healthcare organization. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
 on two different days
 by visiting the websites they shared and offering additional examples of EBP or alternative views/interpretations to those shared in your colleagues’ posts.

 

Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Example 4

The centers for Medicare & Medicaid services (CMS) is a government organization. Through this organization, many of our low-income families, pregnant women, people needing long term care and disabled individuals of all ages receive their access to proper health care. This is part of the department of Health and Human Services (HHS) which is used to provide benefits to these affected groups to ensure that medical care is provided whether it is for a routine doctor visit or hospital stay. As part of this agency, its mission to provide all Americans protection and provide essential human services (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017). Through this mission, it uses evidence-based findings to implement initiatives, provide information and address issues that affect the country.

One of the ways that they gather their information is through the collecting of data from providers that participate in Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) that are a part of the Medicare Shared Savings Plan. They receive CAHPS scores from ACOs survey to determine the patient care as coordinated, quality care from the health care providers. The questions are core information used to assess the “specialist care, experience with care coordination, patient involvement in decision-making, experiences with a health care team, health promotion and patient education, patient functional status, and general health” (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2018). The importance of the data is that it is stored as quality and financial data to compare care, cost and specialized procedures with health care providers to make informed health decisions.

To conclude, the collected information is important to identify trends in care and how to address them in a coordinated approach from health care professionals. This information that is collected and can be found on data.cms.gov, is information for research and implementing improvements that will benefit all American utilizing Medicare and Medicaid.

Reference

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2018, October 22). CAHPS for ACOs. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Research/CAHPS/ACO

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, February 10). HHS Historical Highlights. Retrieved from 
https://www.hhs.gov/about/historical-highlights/index.html

 

response

I enjoyed reading your discussion post. 
 
It provides helpful information about how the Center for Medical and Medicare (CMS) gathers its information. 
 
Another way in which CMS provides evidence-based practice (EBP) care to their patients is through research. 
 
For example, in Bill and Smith (2016) explained that CMS was directed to create goals that help reduce the number of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (Beal & Smith, 2016). 
 
As a result, hospitals now have developed methods such as turning patients every two hours and providing baths, to mention a few.

 Another way in which CMS has helped improve positive outcomes for hospitalized patients is through partnerships with other agencies such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 
 
One of the quadrupled aim’s objective is to improve patient outcomes. 
 
To help with this, CMS has partnered with CDC in the past to provide evidence regarding CAUTI infection related to catheter use (Cantrell, 2016). 
 
Thus, to ensure that patients receive the most effective and current care, CMS limits reimbursements related to CAUTI infections in the hospital.
 

This decision forced hospitals to come up with CAUTI bundles to help prevent CAUTIs and improve patients’ outcomes.

Thank you for sharing this with us.

References

Beal, M. E., & Smith, K. (2016). Inpatient pressure ulcer prevalence in an acute care hospital using evidence-based practice.
 
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
,
 
13
(2), 112-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12145

Cantrell, S. (2016). CAUTI precaution.
 
Healthcare Purchasing News
,
 
40
(1), 18-21. Retrieved from https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=7&sid=2ac2e86a-ef6d-4a8b-bf85-49852fe18cbe%40sessionmgr103

 

Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice? Example 5

Based Evidence Practice plays a role when it comes to making decisions on promotion of good health or provision of care. The Implementation of EBP is important because it aims at giving patients the highest quality of care which leads to the best possible outcomes (Melnyk et al. 2018).

The organization of choice is the Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement (CEPI). It deals with creation of know-how, synthesis of evidence, translation of knowledge on what is functional in health care dissemination and advocates for improvement across the health scene. This organization plays the role of conducting and supporting research activities and evidence synthesis on delivery of health care, advances decisions and communication sciences so that patients can enjoy the luxury of informed treatment and decisions made on health care (Horn et al. 2010).

CEPI is made up of five constituent organizations, The Evidence Based Practice Center Program which is a source of evidence by review of information through the use of advanced methods so as to have impartial reviews, U.S. Preventive Service Task Force Program which avails technical data for the independent U,S Preventive Service Task Force empowering it to make recommendations which are grounded on evidence. The Division of Practice Improvement functions as a source of proof as well as method, means and analysis of practice enhancement while the Division of Health Information Technology comes up with policies of how health IT improves health care quality. The Division of Decision Science and Patient Engagement ensures informed decision making through the creation of tools and products based on findings which communicate and work in healthcare (Matchar et al 2013). From the roles played by its various divisions it is evident that CEPI is based on EBP and its role in the field of health care has made me appreciate what it stands for.

Reference.

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Horn, S. D., Gassaway, J., Pentz, L., & James, R. (2010). Practice-based evidence for clinical practice improvement: an alternative study design for evidence-based medicine. 
Studies in health technology and informatics
, 
151
, 446-460.

Matchar, D. B., & Samsa, G. P. (2013). The role of evidence reports in evidence-based medicine: a mechanism for linking scientific evidence and practice improvement. 
The Joint Commission journal on quality improvement
, 
25
(10), 522-528.

internet Citation: Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement (CEPI). Content last reviewed January 2017. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.

https://www.ahrq.gov/cpi/centers/cepi/index.html

Main Post

Healthcare is an everchanging field. The application of evidence-based practice will lead to an improvement in quality healthcare delivery. Evidence-based practice not only enhances healthcare quality, but it also leads to improved patient outcomes, reduces healthcare costs, and leads to less job burnout in healthcare providers (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). Remaining current in the latest trends and best practices, clinicians must continually educate themselves on the most recent research and technology advances. For this assignment, I will be reviewing the website of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) and determining if the website supports evidence-based practice.

The AANP is a professional healthcare organization that grants membership to nurse practitioners and nurse practitioner students. As per the AANP (n.d.a), this organization has over 104,000 members that are working together to improve patient care and advance the profession. Membership benefits include access to continuing education, networking opportunities, state and federal advocacy, and access to the most up to date medical journals (AANP, n.d.b). While exploring the various tabs on the AANP’s website, I do feel that evidence-based practice is apparent on the website. There are numerous places I thought that it was evident, including the press room site, research opportunities site, and practice related research site.

I do believe that the AANP’s work is grounded in evidence-based practice. Through exploring the website, I was able to find an area with documentation that supports how nurse practitioners are involved in medically assisted treatment (MAT) and the opioid epidemic (AANP, n.d.c). This information was very insightful and documented how nurse practitioners are assisting with improving patient outcomes with opioid use disorder. Statistical data, including graphs and infographics, were also provided for review. As the opioid crisis is a national public health emergency, this evidence-based research helps shed light on ways that we, as advanced practice nurses, can assist in improving the quality of care, reduce healthcare costs, and improve patient outcomes.

As I embark on my academic career, I believe that I must become part of a professional nursing organization that supports evidence-based practice. As an advanced practitioner, I will be able to touch many lives, and I want to make sure that I do not get stuck in a rut and neglect to use evidence-based practice because the culture I work in does not embrace change. I will advocate for improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare spending, and quality healthcare delivery.  I feel that by joining the AANP, I will be aligning myself with a network of likeminded professionals who are focused on the same goal and seeking to utilize evidence-based practice. Aligning myself with the AANP will be a benefit to myself as well as the patients I serve.

References

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). (n.d.a). About the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). Retrieved from 
https://www.aanp.org/membership/why-join

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). (n.d.b). AANP member benefits. Retrieved from 
https://www.aanp.org/membership/member-benefits

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). (n.d.c). Practice-related research: The latest information on the NP role. Retrieved from 
https://www.aanp.org/practice/practice-related-research

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). 
Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice
 (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer

 

Discussion:
Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice
?

March 21, 2010, was not EBP’s date of birth, but it may be the date the approach “grew up” and left home to take on the world.

When the Affordable Care Act was passed, it came with a requirement of empirical evidence. Research on EBP increased significantly. Application of EBP spread to allied health professions, education, healthcare technology, and more. Health organizations began to adopt and promote EBP.

In this
Discussion
, you will consider this adoption. You will examine healthcare organization websites and analyze to what extent these organizations use EBP.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the definition and goal of EBP.

Choose a professional healthcare organization’s website (e.g., a reimbursing body, an accredited body, or a national initiative).

Explore the website to determine where and to what extent EBP is evident.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post
 a description of the healthcare organization website you reviewed. Describe where, if at all,
EBP appears
(e.g., the mission, vision, philosophy, and/or goals of the healthcare organization, or in other locations on the website). Then, explain whether this healthcare organization’s work is grounded in EBP and why or why not. Finally, explain whether the information you discovered on the healthcare organization’s website has changed your perception of the healthcare organization. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
 on two different days
 by visiting the websites they shared and offering additional examples of EBP or alternative views/interpretations to those shared in your colleagues’ posts

 

Evidence-based practice (EBP) enhances the quality of nursing care, helps better patient outcomes, reduces medical costs, and strengthens the confidence of people as clinicians (Fineout-Overholt & Melnyk, 2019). These four benefits of EBP are known as the quadruple aim in healthcare. Hospitals and other healthcare systems in the U.S. are attempting to improve the safety of patient care by reaching the quadruple aim in healthcare.

For this discussion, I chose to research the National Association of Orthopedic Nurses (NAON). I work for an inpatient orthopedic hospital unit and have been a member of the NAON in the past.  The NAON was started in the year 1980 (National Association of Orthopedic Nurses, 2020). The NAON is a nonprofit organization that is run by volunteers to enhance the careers of orthopedic nurses.  It was originally made to promote higher standards of nursing practice. This was done by educating it’s health practitioners on current health practices, as well as encouraging research and effective communication between orthopedic nurses and other groups that have similar interests. The NAON is a leader when it comes to finding gaps and identifying opportunities to further education in the orthopedic nursing field (David et al., 2013). The NAON looks at important issues in the clinical setting that have a strong link to orthopedic nursing and have a direct affect on orthopedic patients (David et al., 2013).

The NAON promoted EBP by promoting research (NAON, 2020).  The NAON’s mission statement reads, “NAON’s mission is to advance the specialty of orthopedic nursing through excellence in research, education, and nursing practice” (NAON, 2020). In their mission statement the NAON emphasizes their focus on EBP and using it to improve patient care. In the vision statement of the NAON, it claims to, “deliver value through relevant and timely information, education and research on musculoskeletal conditions” (NAON, 2020). This statement shows that the NAON uses EBP to help their patients by using timely and relevant information. Timely and accurate information is gathered using EBP. The NAON helps to form and implement new practices based on evidence-based research and practice. That being said, the NAON is founded on evidence-based practice. The information that I discovered on the NAON’s website has helped to solidify my perception of them being a wonderful organization that helps change orthopedic care based on evidence-based practice for the best care for the patient.

References:

David, J., Eckhouse, D., Harvey, C., Kurkowski, T., Mains, C., & Roberts, D. (2013). The National Association of Orthopedic Nursing Practice, 3rd Edition. Orthopedic Nursing, 139-152.

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). Evidence-based Practice in Nurisng and Healthcare. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

. (2020). Retrieved from About NAON: http://www.orthonurse.org/page/aboutusNational Association of Orthopedic Nurses

NURS_6052_Module01_Week01_Discussion_Rubric

Grid View

List View

Excellent

Good

Fair

Poor

Main Posting

45 
(45%)
 – 50 
(50%)

Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources.

Supported by at least three current, credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

40 
(40%)
 – 44 
(44%)

Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth.

Supported by at least three credible sources.

Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style.

35 
(35%)
 – 39 
(39%)

Responds to some of the discussion question(s).

One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed.

Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Post is cited with two credible sources.

Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Contains some APA formatting errors.

0 
(0%)
 – 34 
(34%)

Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately.

Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria.

Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis.

Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module.

Contains only one or no credible sources.

Not written clearly or concisely.

Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.

Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style.

Main Post: Timeliness

10 
(10%)
 – 10 
(10%)

Posts main post by day 3.

0 
(0%)
 – 0 
(0%)

0 
(0%)
 – 0 
(0%)

0 
(0%)
 – 0 
(0%)

Does not post by day 3.

First Response

17 
(17%)
 – 18 
(18%)

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Responds fully to questions posed by faculty.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

15 
(15%)
 – 16 
(16%)

Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

13 
(13%)
 – 14 
(14%)

Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

0 
(0%)
 – 12 
(12%)

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited.

Second Response

16 
(16%)
 – 17 
(17%)

Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings.

Responds fully to questions posed by faculty.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources.

Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings.

Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues.

Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed.

Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources.

Response is effectively written in standard, edited English.

12 
(12%)
 – 13 
(13%)

Response is on topic and may have some depth.

Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed.

Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited.

0 
(0%)
 – 11 
(11%)

Response may not be on topic and lacks depth.

Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication.

Responses to faculty questions are missing.

No credible sources are cited.

Participation

5 
(5%)
 – 5 
(5%)

Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days.

0 
(0%)
 – 0 
(0%)

0 
(0%)
 – 0 
(0%)

0 
(0%)
 – 0 
(0%)

Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.

Total Points: 100

vidence-based practice (EBP) is a continued problem-solving approach to integrate current best practices into nursing care to improve patient outcomes (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019).  EBP improves the quality of healthcare, reduces costs, and increases job satisfaction (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019).  Nurses play a vital role in the use of EBP since they are on the frontline and can implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the practices (Crabtree, Brennan, Davis, & Coyle, 2016).  Healthcare organizations are one resource for adopting changes in clinical practice.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is one of the significant functioning parts of the Department of Health and Human Services (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.).  The CDC plays a role in health promotion, prevention of diseases, and emergency preparedness (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.).  The CDC initially started in 1946 to prevent the spread of malaria.  From a small, one-floor office space now to a fifteen-acre property purchased at the price of ten dollars from Emory University, which currently serves as the headquarters of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.).  The mission of the CDC as stated, “CDC works 24/7 to protect America from health, safety and security threats, both foreign and in the U.S. Whether diseases start at home or abroad, are chronic or acute, curable or preventable, human error or deliberate attack, CDC fights disease and supports communities and citizens to do the same” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.).  The CDC uses EBP to gain scientific advancement in surveillance, combating, and preventing diseases.  The organization consists of seventeen hundred scientists employed throughout two-hundred laboratories across the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.).  There are numerous examples of the use of EBP on the website timeline to show the importance of scientific research and changes in practice to benefit the public health 
https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/1940-1970.html
.  One example is the research done on malaria in 1946, with the changes in the way the United States managed and prevented the spread of the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.).  The use of scientific research helped to eliminate the disease in the United States by 1948 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.).  The CDC is an organization that is grounded in EBP; the use of research data can be beneficial to the public and even other countries.

 

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). 
Mission, Role and Pledge
. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/about/organization/mission.htm

Crabtree, E., Brennan, E., Davis, A., & Coyle, A. (2016). Improving Patient Care Through Nursing Engagement in Evidence-Based Practice. 
Worldviews on Evidenced-Based Nursing
, 172-175. doi:10.1111/wvn.12126

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). 
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare
 (Fourth ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

 

 

response

  Thank you for your post. EBP has acquired demand in healthcare due to its potential to effectively deliver quality health care to certain groups by using critically researched and methodically proven evidence (Majid, Foo, Luyt, et al., 2011). Thus, health organizations began to adopt and promote EBP and CDC is one of those health organizations. CDC is grounded on EBP. Strategies are implemented by the CDC to improve population health such as research on easily accessible and time- saving tools for implementing an evidence-based public health (EBPH) approach to improve population health (Jacobs, Jones et al., 2012).  These strategies are training tools such as training programs for EBPH training needs, and planning tools to improve population health (Jacobs, Jones et al., 2012). I believe that healthcare workers need to avail and utilize the resources and tools to be equipped in implementing EBPH.

Reference

Jacobs, J., Jones, E., Gabella, B., Spring, B., Brownson, R.C. (2012). Tools for implementing an evidence-based approach in public health practice. Preventing Chronic Disease  Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy, 9. Retrieved from

https://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110324

Majid, S., Foo, S., Luyt, B., Zhang, X., Theng, Y., Chang, Y., & Mokhtar, I. A. (2011). Adopting evidence-based practice in clinical decision making: nurses’ perceptions, knowledge, and barriers. Journal of Medical Library Association: JMLA, 99(3)

Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.99.3.010

Main Post:

The term Evidence-based practice became well known during the implementation of the affordable care act in 2010. Since then it has become the staple in healthcare and healthcare organizations when policies and procedures are being deliberated (Laureate education, 2018). Evidence-based practice has shown to enhance healthcare quality, and improve patient outcomes. Despite the availability of scientific evidence being easily accessible, and the use of it providing improved quality care and outcomes, it remains to not be the standard of care in all healthcare organizations in the United States (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018, p 7).

The World Healthcare Organization (WHO) websites key values adhere to professionalism, integrity and a respect for diversity. The values inspired by WHO have a vision of the world in which all people attain the highest level of health and their mission is to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable on a worldwide level (Our values, our DNA, 2020). EBP appears through out the mission and visions on the World Health Organization in that they are focused on the professional commitment to excellence in health which are guided by the best available science, evidence and technical expertise (WHO values charter, 2020).

The WHOs work is grounded in EBP, as it states that its commitment to health excellence reflects scientific evidence and expertise that is continually developing and improving upon to respond to the changes in the World. The standards that reflect the WHO organization ensure public trust, integrity, professional commitment and collaboration of the power of diversity to achieve the highest level of public health and wellbeing (Our values, our DNA, 2020).

The information discovered on the WHO organizational website has changed my perception on the healthcare organization, as it enlightened me on core values and visions of the organization that I was recently unaware of. I usually refer to the WHO website when there is a disease outbreak or epidemic, in order to inform myself on the diseases, there locations, and what to look for symptomatically in patients. The site has shown me what the organization stands for and the importance of public health worldwide. It is important for the WHO to remain as a credible organization in order to ensure the trust of the public, and in doing so they are committed to putting these philosophies and values into practice.

References

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
Evidence-based Practice and the Quadruple Aim
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). 
Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice
 (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Our values, our DNA. (2020). Retrieved February 25, 2020, from World Health Organization website: https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/our-values

WHO values charter. (2020). Retrieved February 25, 2020, from World Health Organization website: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/values-charter-en.pdf?Status=Temp&sfvrsn=4ed75cec_12

Module 1: Agenda Setting (Weeks 1-2)

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
Meet the Experts: Pioneers in Policy
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
The Policy Process
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Compare U.S. presidential agenda priorities

Evaluate ways that administrative agencies help address healthcare issues

Analyze how healthcare issues get on administrative agendas

Identify champions or sponsors of healthcare issues

Create fact sheets for communicating with policymakers or legislators

Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues

Due By

Assignment

Week 1, Days 1–2

Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources.

Compose your initial Discussion post.

Week 1, Day 3

Post your initial discussion post.

Week 1, Days 4-5

Review peer Discussion posts.

Compose your peer Discussion responses.

Begin to compose your Assignment.

Week 1, Day 6

Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).

Continue to compose your final draft of your Assignment.

Week 1, Day 7

Wrap up Discussion.

Week 2, Day 1–6

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 2, Day 7

Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [Anuska Sampedro]/[Moment]/Getty Images

Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).
Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide
(6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 1, “Informing Public Policy: An Important Role for Registered Nurses” (pp. 11–13 only)

Chapter 2, “Agenda Setting: What Rises to a Policymaker’s Attention?” (pp. 17–36)

Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 171–180)

Chapter 12, “An Insider’s Guide to Engaging in Policy Activities”

“Creating a Fact Sheet” (pp. 217-221)

DeMarco, R., & Tufts, K. A. (2014). The mechanics of writing a policy brief.
Nursing Outlook, 62
(3), 219–224. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2014.04.002

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Kingdon, J. W. (2001). A model of agenda-setting, with applications.
Law Review, M.S.U.-D.C.L., 2
(331).

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Lamb, G., Newhouse, R., Beverly, C., Toney, D. A., Cropley, S., Weaver, C. A., Kurtzman, E., … Peterson, C. (2015). Policy agenda for nurse-led care coordination.
Nursing Outlook, 63
(4), 521–530. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2015.06.003

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

O’Rourke, N. C., Crawford, S. L., Morris, N. S., & Pulcini, J. (2017). Political efficacy and participation of nurse practitioners.
Policy, Politics, and Nursing Practice, 18
(3), 135–148. doi:10.1177/1527154417728514

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice, Pope, A. M., Snyder, M. A., & Mood, L. H. (Eds.). (n.d.).
Nursing health, & environment: Strengthening the relationship to improve the public’s health
. Retrieved September 20, 2018.

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

USA.gov. (n.d.).
A-Z index of U.S. government departments and agencies
. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/a

USA.gov. (n.d.).
Executive departments
. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.usa.gov/executive-departments

The White House. (n.d.).
The cabinet
. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-trump-administration/the-cabinet/

Document:
Agenda Comparison Grid Template (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Setting the Agenda
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Discussion: Presidential Agendas

Regardless of political affiliation, every citizen has a stake in healthcare policy decisions. Hence, it is little wonder why healthcare items become such high-profile components of presidential agendas. It is also little wonder why they become such hotly debated agenda items.

Consider a topic that rises to the presidential level. How did each of the presidents (Trump, Obama, and Bush) handle the problem? What would you do differently?

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the importance of agenda setting.

Consider how federal agendas promote healthcare issues and how these healthcare issues become agenda priorities.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post
 your response to the discussion question: Consider a topic that rises to the presidential level. How did each of the presidents (Trump, Obama, and Bush) handle the problem? What would you do differently?

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
 by expanding on their response and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

*Note:
 Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 1 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 1 Discussion

Assignment
:
Agenda Comparison Grid
and
Fact Sheet
or Talking Points Brief

It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first major piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debate ever since.

As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and/or opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policy and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news.

In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

To Prepare:

Review the agenda priorities of the 
current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations.

Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by each of the last three U.S. presidential administrations.

Reflect on the focus of their respective agendas, including the allocation of financial resources for addressing the healthcare issue you selected.

Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on an agenda.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the
Agenda Comparison Grid Template
found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.

Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.

Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.

Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?

How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?

Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:

Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

By Day 7 of Week 2

Submit
 your final version of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis, and Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 2 Assignment Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 2 Assignment 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 5 days to provide you with quality feedback.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 2 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 2 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 2

To submit your Assignment:

Week 2 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 2

 

Module 2: Legislation (Weeks 3-4)

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
Legislation
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze how cost-benefit analysis affects legislative efforts

Analyze legislative intent of bills

Identify proponents and opponents of bills

Analyze legislative process of bills

Advocate policy position for bills

Recommend amendments to bills in support of policy positions

Due By

Assignment

Week 3, Days 1-2

Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources.

Compose your initial Discussion post.

Week 3, Day 3

Post your initial Discussion post.

Begin to compose your Assignment.

Week 3, Days 4-5

Review peer Discussion posts.

Compose your peer Discussion responses.

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 3, Day 6

Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).

Week 3, Day 7

Wrap up Discussion.

Week 4, Days 1-6

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 4, Day 7

Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [YinYang]/[E+]/Gertty Images

Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).
Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide
(6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 3, “Government Response: Legislation” (pp. 37–56)

Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 180–183 only)

Congress.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.congress.gov/

Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T. (2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education.
Nursing Outlook, 65
(2), 346–350. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.05.003

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

United States House of Representatives. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.house.gov/

United States Senate. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/

United States Senate. (n.d.).
Senate organization chart for the 115th Congress
. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/reference/org_chart.htm

Document:
Legislation Comparison Grid Template (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Working with Legislators
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Introduction to Health Policy and Law with Joel Teitelbaum
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Contemporary Issues in Public Health Policy with Joel Teitelbaum
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Peter Beilenson: Population Health
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Discussion: Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Regardless of political affiliation, individuals often grow concerned when considering perceived competing interests of government and their impact on topics of interest to them. The realm of healthcare is no different. Some people feel that local, state, and federal policies and legislation can be either helped or hindered by interests other than the benefit to society.

Consider for example that the number one job of a legislator is to be reelected. Cost can be measured in votes as well as dollars. Thus, it is important to consider the legislator’s perspective on either promoting or not promoting a certain initiative in the political landscape.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on efforts to repeal/replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Consider who benefits the most when policy is developed and in the context of policy implementation.

By Day 3 of Week 3

Post
 an explanation for how you think the cost-benefit analysis in terms of legislators being reelected affected efforts to repeal/replace the ACA. Then, explain how analyses of the voters views may affect decisions by legislative leaders in recommending or positioning national policies (e.g., Congress’ decisions impacting Medicare or Medicaid). Remember, the number one job of a legislator is to be re-elected. Please check your discussion grading rubric to ensure your responses meet the criteria.

By Day 6 of Week 3

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
 by expanding on their explanation and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.

*Note:
 Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 3 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 3

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 3 Discussion

Assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself, 
If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently?
 Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.

Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy.

To Prepare:

Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid

Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the
Legislation Comparison Grid Template
. Be sure to address the following:

Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.

Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.

Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.

Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?

Is it receiving press coverage?

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:

Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.

Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.

Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position.

By Day 7 of Week 4

Submit
 your
completed legislation comparison grid
and
testimony/advocacy statement
.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 4 Assignment Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 4 Assignment 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 4 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 4 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4

To submit your Assignment:

Week 4 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 3

 

Module 3: Regulation (Weeks 5-6)

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
Regulation
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Compare state/regional board of nursing regulations

Compare boards of nursing and professional nurse associations

Analyze members of boards of nursing

Analyze federal and state regulations for healthcare

Due By

Assignment

Week 5, Days 1–2

Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources.

Compose your initial Discussion post.

Week 5, Day 3

Post your initial Discussion post.

Begin to compose your Assignment.

Week 5, Days 4-5

Review peer Discussion posts.

Compose your peer Discussion responses.

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 5, Day 6

Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).

Week 5, Day 7

Wrap up Discussion.

Week 6, Days 1-6

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 6, Day 7

Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [eurobnaks]/IStock/Getty Images Plus

Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84)

American Nurses Association. (n.d.).
ANA enterprise
. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org

Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017). Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary care.
Nursing Outlook, 65
(6), 761–765. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.002

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Halm, M. A. (2018). Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing.
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15
(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291

National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm

Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care.
Nursing Outlook, 66
(4), 379–385. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Peterson, C., Adams, S. A., & DeMuro, P. R. (2015). mHealth: Don’t forget all the stakeholders in the business case.
Medicine 2.0, 4
(2), e4. doi:10.2196/med20.4349

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
The Regulatory Process
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Healthcare economics and financing
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Quality improvement and safety
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

Boards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.

It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.

Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.

Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion..

By Day 3 of Week 5

Post
 a comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.

By Day 6 of Week 5

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
 and explain how the regulatory environment and the regulations selected by your colleague differ from your state/region. Be specific and provide examples.

*Note:
 Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 5 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 5

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 5 Discussion

Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

Nursing is a very highly regulated profession. There are over 100 boards of nursing and national nursing associations throughout the United States and its territories. Their existence helps regulate, inform, and promote the nursing profession. With such numbers, it can be difficult to distinguish between BONs and nursing associations, and overwhelming to consider various benefits and options offered by each.

Both boards of nursing and national nursing associations have significant impacts on the nurse practitioner profession and scope of practice. Understanding these differences helps lend credence to your expertise as a professional. In this Assignment, you will practice the application of such expertise by communicating a comparison of boards of nursing and professional nurse associations. You will also share an analysis of your state board of nursing.

To Prepare:

Assume that you are leading a staff development meeting on regulation for nursing practice at your healthcare organization or agency.

Review the NCSBN and ANA websites to prepare for your presentation.

The Assignment: (9- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation)

Develop a 9- to 10-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following:

Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association.

Describe the geographic distribution, academic credentials, practice positions, and licensure status of members of the board for your specific region/area.

Who is on the board?

How does one become a member of the board?

Describe at least one federal regulation for healthcare.

How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare (e.g., CMS, OSHA, and EPA)?

Has there been any change to the regulation within the past 5 years? Explain.

Describe at least one state regulation related to general nurse scope of practice.

How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?

How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?

Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).

How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?

How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?

Include Speaker Notes on Each Slide (except on the title page and reference page)

By Day 7 of Week 6

Submit
 your Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting Presentation.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 6 Assignment Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 6 Assignment 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK6Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 5 days to provide you with quality feedback.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 6 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 6 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 6

To submit your Assignment:

Week 6 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 4

 

Module 4: Healthcare Program Design and Implementation (Weeks 7-8)

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
Design and Implementation
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze health policies

Analyze opportunities for RNs and APRNs to participate in policy-making

Analyze strategies for overcoming challenges for participating in policy-making

Recommend strategies to improve the advocacy and communication of policy-making opportunities

Analyze healthcare programs

Analyze the role of the nurse in healthcare program design

Analyze the role of the nurse as advocates for target populations of healthcare programs

Analyze the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation

Analyze healthcare teams necessary for implementing healthcare programs

Due By

Assignment

Week 7, Days 1–2

Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources.

Compose your initial Discussion 1 post.

Week 7, Day 3

Post your initial Discussion 1 post.

Begin to compose your Assignment.

Week 7, Days 4-5

Review peer Discussion 1 posts.

Compose your peer Discussion 1 responses.

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 7, Day 6

Post at least two peer Discussion 1 responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).

Week 7, Day 7

Wrap up Discussion 1.

Week 8, Days 1–2

Compose your initial Discussion 2 post.

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 8, Day 3

Post your initial Discussion 2 post.

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 8, Days 4-5

Review peer Discussion 2 post.Compose your peer Discussion 2 post.

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 8, Day 6

Post at least two peer Discussion 2 responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).

Week 8, Day 7

Wrap up Discussion 2.

Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [Hill Street Studios]/[Blend Images]/Getty Images

Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019).
Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide
(6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 5, “Public Policy Design” (pp. 87–95 only)

Chapter 8, “The Impact of EHRs, Big Data, and Evidence-Informed Practice” (pp. 137–146)

Chapter 9, “Interprofessional Practice” (pp. 152–160 only)

Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 183–191 only)

American Nurses Association (ANA). (n.d.).
Advocacy
. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (n.d.).
Step by step: Evaluating violence and injury prevention policies: Brief 4: Evaluating policy implementation
. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/pdfs/policy/Brief%204-a.pdf

Congress.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.congress.gov/

Klein, K. J., & Sorra, J. S. (1996). The challenge of innovation implementation.
Academy of Management Review, 21
(4), 1055–1080. doi:10.5465/AMR.1996.9704071863

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Sacristán, J., & Dilla, T. D. (2015). No big data without small data: Learning health care systems begin and end with the individual patient.
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 21
(6), 1014–1017. doi:10.1111/jep.12350

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Tummers, L., & Bekkers, V. (2014). Policy implementation, street level bureaucracy, and the importance of discretion.
Public Management Review, 16
(4), 527–547. doi:10.1080/14719037.2013.841978.

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Getting your Program Designed and Implemented
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Health policy and politics
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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–Downloads–
Download Video w/CC
Download Audio
Download Transcript

Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

When politics and medical science intersect, there can be much debate. Sometimes anecdotes or hearsay are misused as evidence to support a particular point. Despite these and other challenges, however, evidence-based approaches are increasingly used to inform health policy decision-making regarding causes of disease, intervention strategies, and issues impacting society. One example is the introduction of childhood vaccinations and the use of evidence-based arguments surrounding their safety.

In this Discussion, you will identify a recently proposed health policy and share your analysis of the evidence in support of this policy.

To Prepare:

Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.

Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.

By Day 3 of Week 7

Post
 a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 7

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
 by either supporting or respectfully challenging their explanation on whether there is an evidence base to support the proposed health policy they described.

*Note:
 Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 7 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 7

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 7 Discussion

Discussion 2: The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy-Making

Word cloud generators have become popular tools for meetings and team-building events. Groups or teams are asked to use these applications to input words they feel best describe their team or their role. A “word cloud” is generated by the application that makes prominent the most-used terms, offering an image of the common thinking among participants of that role.

What types of words would you use to build a nursing word cloud? 
Empathetic, organized, hard-working, or advocate
 would all certainly apply. Would you add policy-maker to your list? Do you think it would be a very prominent component of the word cloud?

Nursing has become one of the largest professions in the world, and as such, nurses have the potential to influence policy and politics on a global scale. When nurses influence the politics that improve the delivery of healthcare, they are ultimately advocating for their patients. Hence, policy-making has become an increasingly popular term among nurses as they recognize a moral and professional obligation to be engaged in healthcare legislation.

To Prepare:

Revisit the Congress.gov website provided in the Resources and consider the role of RNs and APRNs in policy-making.

Reflect on potential opportunities that may exist for RNs and APRNs to participate in the policy-making process.

By Day 3 of Week 8

Post
 an explanation of at least two opportunities that exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in 
policy-making
.
 Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities to participate in policy-making. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 8

Respond
 to at least two of your colleagues’
*
 posts by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

*Note:
 Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 8

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 8 Discussion

Assignment: Advocating for the Nursing Role in Program Design and Implementation

As their names imply, the honeyguide bird and the honey badger both share an affinity for honey. Honeyguide birds specialize in finding beehives but struggle to access the honey within. Honey badgers are well-equipped to raid beehives but cannot always find them. However, these two honey-loving species have learned to collaborate on an effective means to meet their objectives. The honeyguide bird guides honey badgers to newly discovered hives. Once the honey badger has ransacked the hive, the honey guide bird safely enters to enjoy the leftover honey.

Much like honeyguide birds and honey badgers, nurses and health professionals from other specialty areas can—and should—collaborate to design effective programs. Nurses bring specialties to the table that make them natural partners to professionals with different specialties. When nurses take the requisite leadership in becoming involved throughout the healthcare system, these partnerships can better design and deliver highly effective programs that meet objectives.

In this Assignment, you will practice this type of leadership by advocating for a healthcare program. Equally as important, you will advocate for a collaborative role of the nurse in the design and implementation of this program. To do this, assume you are preparing to be interviewed by a professional organization/publication regarding your thoughts on the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on your thinking regarding the role of the nurse in the design and implementation of new healthcare programs.

Select a healthcare program within your practice and consider the design and implementation of this program.

Reflect on advocacy efforts and the role of the nurse in relation to healthcare program design and implementation.

The Assignment: (2–4 pages)

In a 2- to 4-page paper, create an interview transcript of your responses to the following interview questions:

Tell us about a healthcare program, within your practice. What are the costs and projected outcomes of this program?

Who is your target population?

What is the role of the nurse in providing input for the design of this healthcare program? Can you provide examples?

What is your role as an advocate for your target population for this healthcare program? Do you have input into design decisions? How else do you impact design?

What is the role of the nurse in healthcare program implementation? How does this role vary between design and implementation of healthcare programs? Can you provide examples?

Who are the members of a healthcare team that you believe are most needed to implement a program? Can you explain why?

By Day 7 of Week 8

Submit
 your interview transcript.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your written transcript using the naming convention “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 8 Assignment Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 8 Assignment 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 8 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8

To submit your Assignment:

Week 8 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 5

Module 5: Program/Policy Evaluation (Weeks 9-10)

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
Program Policy and Evaluation
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Analyze opportunities for RNs and APRNs to participate in program/policy evaluations

Analyze strategies for overcoming challenges for participating in program/policy evaluations

Recommend strategies to improve the advocacy and communication of program/policy evaluations

Describe healthcare program/policy outcomes

Analyze healthcare program/policy evaluations

Analyze the role of the nurse advocate in program/policy evaluation

Due By

Assignment

Week 9, Days 1–2

Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources.

Compose your initial Discussion post.

Week 9, Day 3

Post your initial Discussion post.

Begin to compose your Assignment.

Week 9, Days 4-5

Review peer Discussion posts.

Compose your peer Discussion responses.

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 9, Day 6

Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).

Week 9, Day 7

Wrap up Discussion.

Week 10, Days 1-6

Continue to compose your Assignment.

Week 10, Day 7

Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [Phil Roeder]/[Moment]/Getty Images

Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 7, “Health Policy and Social Program Evaluation” (pp. 116–124 only)

Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. C. (2003). Why don’t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition.
American Journal of Public Health, 93
(8), 1261–1267.

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Shiramizu, B., Shambaugh, V., Petrovich, H., Seto, T. B., Ho, T., Mokuau, N., & Hedges, J. R. (2016). Leading by success: Impact of a clinical and translational research infrastructure program to address health inequities. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 4(5), 983–991. doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0302-4

Williams, J. K., & Anderson, C. M. (2018). Omics research ethics considerations.
Nursing Outlook, 66
(4), 386–393. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.05.003

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Document:
Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Template (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
The Importance of Program Evaluation
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

Accessible player
 
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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Peter Beilenson: Ethics and advocacy
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Discussion: The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation

In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?

Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?

In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

To Prepare:

In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.

Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post
 an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in 
policy review
.
 Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 9

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
 by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

*Note:
 Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 9 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 9

To participate in this Discussion:

Week 9 Discussion

Assignment: Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation

Program/policy evaluation is a valuable tool that can help strengthen the quality of programs/policies and improve outcomes for the populations they serve. Program/policy evaluation answers basic questions about program/policy effectiveness. It involves collecting and analyzing information about program/policy activities, characteristics, and outcomes. This information can be used to ultimately improve program services or policy initiatives.

Nurses can play a very important role assessing program/policy evaluation for the same reasons that they can be so important to program/policy design. Nurses bring expertise and patient advocacy that can add significant insight and impact. In this Assignment, you will practice applying this expertise and insight by selecting an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflecting on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program/policy.

To Prepare:

Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources.

Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.

Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described.

The Assignment: (2–3 pages)

Based on the program or policy evaluation you selected, complete the
Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template
. Be sure to address the following:

Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.

How was the success of the program or policy measured?

How many people were reached by the program or policy selected?

How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?

At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?

What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?

What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?

What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.

Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?

Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?

Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation.

By Day 7 of Week 10

Submit
 your completed healthcare program/policy evaluation analysis.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

Click the 
Week 10 Assignment Rubric 
to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

Click the 
Week 10 Assignment 
link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
Browse My Computer
 button. Find the document you saved as “WK10Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
Open
.

If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
.

Click on the 
Submit
 button to complete your submission.

Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 5 days to provide you with quality feedback.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 10 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 10 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 10

To submit your Assignment:

Week 10 Assignment

Module 5: Looking Ahead

Please Note:
 The Module 6, Week 11 Assignment, Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement, is due on 
Day 5
 of Week 11.

Next Module

To go to the next Module:

Module 6

 

Module 6: Global Healthcare Issues (Week 11)

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Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
Global Healthcare Issues
 [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Compare healthcare policies related to global healthcare issues in the U.S. and abroad

Analyze the impact of the social determinants of health on global healthcare issues

Analyze how policy impacts the health of the global population

Analyze how policy impacts the role of the nurse

Compare how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in the U.S and abroad

Recommend advocacy for the incorporation of a global perspective into local practice and the role of the nurse leader

Analyze impacts of the incorporation of a global perspective into local practice and the role of the nurse leader

Analyze how a global perspective represents and contributes to social change

Due By

Assignment

Week 11, Days 1–2

Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources.

Week 11, Day 3-4

Begin to compose your Assignment.

Week 11, Day 5

Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Photo Credit: [KTSDESIGN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY]/Science Photo Library]/Getty

Learning Resources

Note:
 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the 
Course Materials
 section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 11, “The Impact of Globalization: Nurses Influencing Global Health Policy” (pp. 194–208)

Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., Kurth, A. E., … Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global pandemics.
Nursing Outlook, 66
(4), 412–415. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Donkin, A., Goldblatt, P., Allen, J., Nathanson, V., & Marmot, M. (2017). Global action on the social determinants of health.
BMJ Global Health, 3
(1). doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000603

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Sandoval-Almazana, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2011). Are government internet portals evolving towards more interaction, participation, and collaboration? Revisiting the rhetoric of e-government among municipalities.
Government Information Quarterly, 29
(Suppl. 1), S72–S81. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.09.004

Note:
You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.).
Global health agenda
. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.who.int/about/vision/global_health_agenda/en/

Document:
Global Health Comparison Matrix (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Global Healthcare Issues
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Download Transcript

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018).
Final Thoughts
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

 

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Assignment: Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

Note: This Assignment is due on Day 5 of Week 11.

If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?

You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.

Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.

In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.

To Prepare:

Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.

Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.

Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.

Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.

Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.

Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.

Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.

Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.

Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.

Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.

In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 5 of Week 11

Submit
 Part 1 and Part 2 of your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

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Informatics and technology are subjects that encourage change in healthcare policies and processes. As healthcare providers, we know how scary change can be and how much it can disrupt our routines. However, it is important for nurses to be aware of the technology that is available to them for problem solving purposes. In the end, technology moves us forward and assists us in caring for patients.

According to the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, “‘nursing informatics’ is the specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice” (What is nursing informatics, 2019, para. 1)
. 
One way I could utilize informatics where I work is by tracking our operating room “in-room” times. Our operating room has been struggling with starting cases on time, and at the end of the day, this puts us behind and disrupts timely patient care. To zero-in on the reasons behind our late starts, we can track the late codes that the nurses put into the EMR. We have the ability to select different reasons why the rooms start late such as: attending physician late, consents not signed, patient in bathroom, room not ready, awaiting orders, and so on. By tracking these different late codes, we will be able to work on each one individually and change policies to hopefully avoid excess late starts. It is important that our team acts on and synthesizes our data as soon as possible because staff and patients have started to get irritated with our current situation. Fortunately, although large scale data collection can take years to synthesize, a smaller scale collection can be interpreted and integrated in a shorter amount of time, allowing for a faster transformation into new guidelines and pathways (Nagle, 2017).

With the help of our collected information, our nurse leaders would be able to meet and discuss the problems that stem from each individual nursing unit and/or physician. They would then have the ability to put late start policies in place such as requiring physicians to arrive at least ten minutes before the scheduled case start time. Maybe they could identify that scheduled surgical times are not being communicated correctly to the physicians and figure out a way to fix this problem. With the help of our data, we would be able to see how frequently certain physicians are late and which ones probably do not need to be talked to because they are usually on time. Additionally, to help our pre-op staff, our leaders could put a standing order protocol in place for the nurses to use when a physician forgets to place pre-op orders. They would also be able to identify which nurses are consistently unprepared for a bedside shift report, which can delay surgery start as well.

Collecting the necessary data through our EMR is the first step towards providing timely patient care. The more our leaders and nurses discuss the information found through this potential data collection, the more a Foundation of Knowledge is built and the more knowledge gets disseminated to others in the unit. The information sharing and feedback provided allows our staff to make the appropriate changes to our department to make it run smoothly (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017, pp. 7-9).

 

References

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). 
Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge, (4th ed.)
 Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Nagle, L., Sermeus, W., & Junger, A. (2017). Evolving role of the nursing informatics specialist. In J. Murphy, W. Goossen, & P. Weber (Eds.), 
Forecasting Competencies for Nurses in the Future of Connected Health,
 212–221. Clifton, VA: IMIA and IOS Press. Retrieved from https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_4A0FEA56B8CB.P001/REF

What is nursing informatics? (2019). Retrieved from 
https://www.himss.org/resources-what-nursing-informatics

 

Discussion:
The Application of Data to Problem-Solving

In the modern era, there are few professions that do not to some extent rely on data. Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial matters. Meteorologists rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while realtors rely on data to advise on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases, data not only helps solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the discipline’s body of knowledge.

Of course, the nursing profession also relies heavily on data. The field of nursing informatics aims to make sure nurses have access to the appropriate date to solve healthcare problems, make decisions in the interest of patients, and add to knowledge.

In this Discussion, you will consider a scenario that would benefit from access to data and how such access could facilitate both problem-solving and knowledge formation.

To Prepare:

Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as presented in the Resources.

Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare practice or organization that would require or benefit from the access/collection and application of data. Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management problem or gap.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post
 a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might be collected and accessed. What knowledge might be derived from that data? How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience?

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
, asking questions to help clarify the scenario and application of data, or offering additional/alternative ideas for the
application of nursing informatics principles
.

 

Having access to medical records is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure that their patients are receiving the best care. A scenario that I want to focus on is immunizations. At my current job, I work with schools, parents, and providers on patient’s immunization records. The difficulty that comes with this job is when families move across state lines without their immunization records and are unsure of what the child has/has not received. For parents to track down these records, they may have to contact their child’s previous doctor or clinic, previous state immunization registry, and/or their child’s previous school (“Immunization Information Systems”, 2019). One thing that would make this easier for everyone would be to have a central hub database for all vaccine information.

 

Currently, information for vaccine data is collected in an online database called, Immunization Information Systems (IIS). This system keeps track of vaccines that are administered to patients and informs providers when vaccines are due (“Immunization Information Systems”, 2019). From there, I would like to have a database that collects all of the vaccine information from each office and puts it into a central hub. Having this central hub of vaccine records would allow providers to pull vaccine records for their new patients. This would allow healthcare professionals to see their patient’s vaccination history and make clinical judgments when it came to vaccines.

 

There is a lot of knowledge that could come from this data. Healthcare professionals would be able to see coverage rates in areas as well as areas of potential disease outbreak. They would also be able to see how well community immunity (herd immunity) works. According to Vaccines Protect Your Community (2020), community immunity is when enough people are vaccinated against a certain disease, it becomes hard for a disease to spread to unvaccinated people (“Vaccines Protect Your Community”, 2017).

 

Nurse leaders would use clinical reasoning and judgment with this knowledge because patients would not miss recommended vaccine doses and they would not receive unnecessary, extra doses. Also, when taking care of patients with medical conditions, they would have the capability to add contraindications and notices about certain vaccines into the system. A benefit to this is that other providers would be aware this if the patient ever moved or were sent to the hospital. Having the capability to access a patient’s immunization record from a central hub would be very helpful to not only healthcare professionals but to the patient as well.

 

References

 

Immunization Information Systems. (2019, April). Retrieved from https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/immunizations/Practice-Management/Pages/immunization-information-systems.aspx

 

Finding and Updating Vaccine Records. (2020, February 25). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/records/find-records.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/records-requirements.html#finding-records

 

Vaccines Protect Your Community. (2017, December). Retrieved from https://www.vaccines.gov/basics/work/protection