NURS 6501 Week 2 – A 24-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of developing large areas of dandruff to his scalp and pitting of his fingernails
The Assignment
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:
Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
By Day 7 of Week 2
Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 2.
Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templatesLinks to an external site.). All papers submitted must use this formatting.
Case: A 24-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of developing large areas of dandruff to his scalp and pitting of his fingernails. He also started noticing that he is having morning joint pain that partially relieves after he gets ready for work. He has used multiple types of dandruff shampoo without relief of symptoms. He is unable to remember any significant family history concerns. Labs include a rheumatoid factor which was negative. His ESR was mildly elevated
NURS 6501 Week 2 – A 24-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of developing large areas of dandruff to his scalp and pitting of his fingernails
Week 2: Altered Physiology
Case Study
The case study involves a 24-year-old male patient who presents to the clinic with complaint of large sections with dandruff on his scalp and pitting on his fingernails. He has also been having morning join paint that is only partially relieved after he prepares to go for work.
Possible Diagnosis
Based on the patient’s presentation of dandruff, nail pitting, joint pain in the morning, and mildly elevated ESR, the most likely diagnosis is psoriatic arthritis, which is likely to have developed from psoriasis. According to Azuaga et al. (2023), it is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease that involves erythematous and scaly plaque but tends to also affect the scalp and nails, with approximately 30% of the patients developing psoriatic arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis is a condition that integrates aspects of psoriasis and inflammatory arthritis. In this case, the presentation of dandruff on the scalp is highly likely to be psoriatic plaques, especially due to their resistance to the typical dandruff treatment. In their study, Akaishi et al. (2020) noted that psoriatic arthritis presents with enthesitis or inflammation of the entheses or regions where tendons or ligaments are inserted into bones. The symptoms of nails are a major distinguishing factor in psoriatic arthritis, differentiating it from other types of inflammatory arthritis. The mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a likely indicator of the presence of systemic inflammation, which is suggestive of an active psoriatic disease.
BUY A HUMAN-WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT HERE
Genes Associated with Development of the Disease
There are several genes that have been associated with the increased risk of developing psoriatic arthritis. According to Patel et al. (2023), the gene that is strongly linked to heightened risk for developing psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is HLA-C*06:02. This gene has been involved in antigen presentation to T cells. Other genes that are associated with the development of psoriasis are the interleukins, which are cytokines that play critical in the differentiation, proliferation, migration, and adhesion of maturation of immune cells. Among the interleukins that are pro-inflammatory mediators and contribute to psoriasis are IL1B, IL2, IL6, IL12, IL15, IL17, IL18, and IL20 (Patel et al., 2023). The IL1B encodes a cytokine that is generated and serves a critical role in the inflammatory response. Another major inflammatory cytokine noted to cause elevation in psoriasis is the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) that binds to certain receptors and stimulates the nuclear element factor kappa B, and in so doing, leads to rapid transcription of other inflammatory genes, including IL-6 and IL-8 NURS 6501 Week 2 – A 24-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of developing large areas of dandruff to his scalp and pitting of his fingernails.
Process of Immunosuppression and Effect on Body Systems
Immunosuppression is a process that minimizes the activity of the immune system. This system is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. Immunosuppression is used to target immune cells and can directly target immune cells such as T cells and B cells, thereby their ability to attack the body’s own tissue. Immunosuppression may also work by blocking the production of activity of cytokines, signal molecules that assist in the regulation of immune response. As a therapy for psoriatic arthritis, immunosuppression reduces the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of the skin, which helps address the psoriatic plaques. The immunosuppression treatments reduce synovial inflammation, pain, and swelling and, in so doing, minimize the progression of joint damage. By reducing systemic inflammation, immunosuppression helps mitigate the increased cardiovascular risk due to psoriatic arthritis.
References
Akaishi, T., Yamasaki, K., Mori, Y., Takahashi, T., Izumiyama, T., Terui, H., … & Ishii, T. (2020). Psoriatic arthritis with skin lesions localized to the scalp: A case report.
Journal of General and Family Medicine
,
21
(6), 264-267. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgf2.358
Azuaga, A. B., Ramírez, J., & Cañete, J. D. (2023). Psoriatic arthritis: pathogenesis and targeted therapies.
International journal of molecular sciences
,
24
(5), 4901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054901
Patel, H. A., Revankar, R. R., Pedroza, S. T., Graham, S., & Feldman, S. R. (2023). The genetic susceptibility to psoriasis and the relationship of linked genes to our treatment options.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
,
24
(15), 12310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512310
Saleem, S., Imran, Z., Samdani, A., Khoso, B., Zehra, S., & Azhar, A. (2023). Mutations in PGRN gene associated with the risk of psoriasis in Pakistan: a case-control study. BMC Medical Genomics, 16(1), 335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01757-8
Xiao, Q., Mears, J., Nathan, A., Ishigaki, K., Baglaenko, Y., Lim, N., … & Raychaudhuri, S. (2023). Immunosuppression causes dynamic changes in the expression of QTLs in psoriatic skin.
Nature communications
,
14
(1), 6268. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41984-2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES – NURS 6501 Week 2 – A 24-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of developing large areas of dandruff to his scalp and pitting of his fingernails
Students will:
Evaluate cellular processes and alterations within cellular processes
Analyze alterations in the immune system that result in disease processes
Identify racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning
Evaluate the impact of patient characteristics on disorders and altered physiology
The Assignment
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:
Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Things to remember:
APA format is required for all assignments
A minimum of three scholarly references is required for each assignment
Be sure that your references are no older than five years from the publication date
The writing center has APA templates that can be used and are very helpful
NURS_6501_Week 2_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric – NURS 6501 Week 2 – A 24-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of developing large areas of dandruff to his scalp and pitting of his fingernails
NURS_6501_Week 2
_Case Study_Assignment_Rubric
Criteria
Ratings
Pts
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
30 to >27.0 pts
Excellent
The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms. … The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
27 to >24.0 pts
Good
The response describes the patient symptoms. … The response includes accurate reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
24 to >22.0 pts
Fair
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate. … The response includes reasons for the symptoms, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research.
22 to >0 pts
Poor
The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing. … The response does not include reasons for the symptoms, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate or no evidence/research.
30 pts
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
25 to >22.0 pts
Excellent
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
22 to >19.0 pts
Good
The response includes an accurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
19 to >17.0 pts
Fair
The response includes a vague or inaccurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
17 to >0 pts
Poor
The response includes a vague or inaccurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease is missing.
25 pts
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
30 to >27.0 pts
Excellent
The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
27 to >24.0 pts
Good
The response includes an accurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
24 to >17.0 pts
Fair
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
17 to >0 pts
Poor
The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
30 pts
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. … A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.
4 to >3.0 pts
Good
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. … Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive.
3 to >2.0 pts
Fair
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. … Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic.
2 to >0 pts
Poor
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. … No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.
5 pts
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
4 to >3.0 pts
Good
Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
3 to >2.0 pts
Fair
Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
2 to >0 pts
Poor
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
5 pts
Written Expression and Formatting –
The paper follows correct APA format
for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent
Uses correct APA format with no errors.
4 to >3.0 pts
Good
Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.
3 to >2.0 pts
Fair
Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.
2 to >0 pts
Poor
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
5 pts
Total Points: 100 NURS 6501 Week 2 – A 24-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of developing large areas of dandruff to his scalp and pitting of his fingernails