Assignment Prompt & Instructions
3 pages
use the template and rubrics
– ## wk5-2SUMMARIZINGANDSYNTHESIZINGRESEARCH.docx
– ## wk5-2rubrics.docx
– ## wk5-2template.docx
**## wk5-2SUMMARIZINGANDSYNTHESIZINGRESEARCH.docx**
SUMMARIZING AND SYNTHESIZING RESEARCH
As you saw in Assignment 1, when conducting a literature review, you first search the evidence, and next you appraise it. Then, you are ready to summarize the evidence that you uncovered, and finally, you can synthesize it.
This Assignment is a continuation of Assignment 1, in which you used the Walden Library to conduct a literature review and appraised your results to select the highest quality and most appropriate and significant evidence. Now, for Assignment 2, you will take the recent (within the last 5 years), peer-reviewed articles you selected and write brief summaries of each of them. You will then write a synthesis of all the articles.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
[**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/178588/modules/items/7319723)
TO PREPARE:
· Review the Learning Resources for this week, which focus on how to summarize and synthesize literature search results.
· Review Appendix H in the course textbook located in the Learning Resources for this week, which you will be required to complete and submit as part of this Assignment.
· Refer to your Assignment 1 submission and prepare to write a
_summary_ of each of the
**three** articles you selected.
· Refer to your Assignment 1 submission and prepare to write a
_synthesis_ of the
**three** articles you selected.
**Note:** For this Assignment, you must complete Appendix H. You will submit your completed Appendix H along with your 2- to 3-page paper.
**Note**: Be sure to review the grading rubric for this Assignment so you fully understand what is expected of you. To access the rubric, scroll down to the bottom of the Assignment page.
THE ASSIGNMENT: (2–3 PAGES)
Write a paper in which you do the following:
· Using a scholarly voice, summarize each of the
**three** articles you selected.
· Using a scholarly voice, synthesize the
**three** articles you selected.
· Include a copy of your completed Appendix H.
**Note:** You will submit your completed Appendix H along with your 2- to 3-page paper. Save copies of your completed Appendix H in Microsoft Word format. You will submit a total of
**two** documents
**.**
**Note:** Use this week’s Learning Resources to support your Assignment. Use proper APA format and style for all references and citations.
The College of Nursing requires that all papers include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. Use the
[College of Nursing Writing TemplateLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/ld.php?content_id=55487538) for your Assignment submission.
**## wk5-2rubrics.docx**
**NURS_8006_Week5_Assignment2_Rubric**
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| NURS_8006_Week5_Assignment2_Rubric |
| **Criteria** | **Ratings** | **Pts** |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeUsing a scholarly voice, summarize each of the three articles you selected. | **25 to >22.25 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response accurately and clearly summarizes each of the three articles they selected and accurately and clearly uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**22.25 to >19.75 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response accurately summarizes each of the three articles they selected and accurately uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**19.75 to >17.25 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response inaccurately or vaguely summarizes each of the three articles they selected and inaccurately or vaguely uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**17.25 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response inaccurately and vaguely summarizes each of the three articles they selected and inaccurately and vaguely uses scholarly voice or it is missing. | 25 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeUsing a scholarly voice, synthesize the three articles you selected. | **25 to >22.25 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response accurately and clearly synthesizes the three articles they selected and accurately and clearly uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**22.25 to >19.75 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response accurately synthesizes the three articles they selected and accurately uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**19.75 to >17.25 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response inaccurately or vaguely synthesizes the three articles they selected and inaccurately or vaguely uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**17.25 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response inaccurately and vaguely synthesizes the three articles they selected and inaccurately and vaguely uses scholarly voice or it is missing. | 25 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeInclude a copy of your completed Appendix H. | **15 to >13.35 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response includes an accurate and clear copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes relevant, specific, and appropriate examples that fully support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**13.35 to >11.85 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response includes an accurate copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes relevant, specific, and accurate examples that support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**11.85 to >10.35 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response includes an inaccurate or unclear copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes inaccurate and irrelevant examples that may support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**10.35 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response includes an inaccurate and unclear copy of their completed Appendix H. or it is missing. The response includes inaccurate and vague examples that do not support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described or it is missing. | 15 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria. | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. 90% of the time. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 70% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 70% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. | 5 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. | 5 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Uses correct APA format with no errors.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. | 5 pts |
Total Points: 80
**## wk5-2template.docx**
5
**Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here**
Student Name Here
Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University
Course Number, Section, and Title
(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)
Instructor Name
Month, Day, Year
(enter the date submitted to instructor)
**Title of the Paper**
This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (
_BSN Students_ –
_Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.)_ This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check
_Spacing_ under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:
1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a
[thesis statement](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/thesisstatements)) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.
**Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the
[MEAL plan](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/organization) (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and
**avoid using direct quotations**. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.
Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations). You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document.
The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list.
[Personal communications](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/personalcommunication) are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous
[APA resources on its website](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/secondarysources) and can answer your questions via
[email](mailto:writingsupport@waldenu.edu). Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course.
And so forth until the conclusion….
**Conclusion**
The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture.
**References**
Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.
Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI
Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent.
_Society & Natural Resources_,
_27_(4), 231–248.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554](https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554)
Journal Article, Two Authors; URL
Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance.
_CPA Journal_,
_77_(6), 66–71.
[http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm](http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm)
Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set.
_Journal of Improbable Mathematics_,
_27_(1), 1935–1968.
[https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx](https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx)
Book; One Author
Weinstein, J. A. (2019).
_Social change_ (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Book; Chapter in an Edited Book
Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.),
_Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice_ (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.
Professional Organization Web page
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018).
_Back to school._ [https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html)
Professional Organization Book
American Nurses Association. (2010).
_Nursing: Scope and standards of practice_ (2nd ed.).
Two or more works by same author in the same year
Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior.
_Journal of Social Psychology, 4_(1), 101–105.
Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors.
_Journal of Child Psychology, 4_(12), 161–167.
Government Article
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).
_Clinical training in serious mental illness_ (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.
Lecture Notes
Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)
Video
Walden University. (2009).
_Title of video here_ [Video]. Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Television (Audio)
Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1).
_The nightly news hour_ [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service.
**APA Resources**
You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page.
· Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020.
· The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references).
· Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list.
**## wk5-2template.docx**
5
**Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here**
Student Name Here
Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University
Course Number, Section, and Title
(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)
Instructor Name
Month, Day, Year
(enter the date submitted to instructor)
**Title of the Paper**
This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (
_BSN Students_ –
_Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.)_ This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check
_Spacing_ under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:
1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a
[thesis statement](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/thesisstatements)) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.
**Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the
[MEAL plan](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/organization) (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and
**avoid using direct quotations**. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.
Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations). You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document.
The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list.
[Personal communications](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/personalcommunication) are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous
[APA resources on its website](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/secondarysources) and can answer your questions via
[email](mailto:writingsupport@waldenu.edu). Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course.
And so forth until the conclusion….
**Conclusion**
The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture.
**References**
Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.
Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI
Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent.
_Society & Natural Resources_,
_27_(4), 231–248.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554](https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554)
Journal Article, Two Authors; URL
Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance.
_CPA Journal_,
_77_(6), 66–71.
[http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm](http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm)
Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set.
_Journal of Improbable Mathematics_,
_27_(1), 1935–1968.
[https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx](https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx)
Book; One Author
Weinstein, J. A. (2019).
_Social change_ (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Book; Chapter in an Edited Book
Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.),
_Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice_ (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.
Professional Organization Web page
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018).
_Back to school._ [https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html)
Professional Organization Book
American Nurses Association. (2010).
_Nursing: Scope and standards of practice_ (2nd ed.).
Two or more works by same author in the same year
Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior.
_Journal of Social Psychology, 4_(1), 101–105.
Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors.
_Journal of Child Psychology, 4_(12), 161–167.
Government Article
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).
_Clinical training in serious mental illness_ (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.
Lecture Notes
Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)
Video
Walden University. (2009).
_Title of video here_ [Video]. Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Television (Audio)
Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1).
_The nightly news hour_ [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service.
**APA Resources**
You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page.
· Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020.
· The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references).
· Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list.
**## wk5-2SUMMARIZINGANDSYNTHESIZINGRESEARCH.docx**
SUMMARIZING AND SYNTHESIZING RESEARCH
As you saw in Assignment 1, when conducting a literature review, you first search the evidence, and next you appraise it. Then, you are ready to summarize the evidence that you uncovered, and finally, you can synthesize it.
This Assignment is a continuation of Assignment 1, in which you used the Walden Library to conduct a literature review and appraised your results to select the highest quality and most appropriate and significant evidence. Now, for Assignment 2, you will take the recent (within the last 5 years), peer-reviewed articles you selected and write brief summaries of each of them. You will then write a synthesis of all the articles.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
[**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/178588/modules/items/7319723)
TO PREPARE:
· Review the Learning Resources for this week, which focus on how to summarize and synthesize literature search results.
· Review Appendix H in the course textbook located in the Learning Resources for this week, which you will be required to complete and submit as part of this Assignment.
· Refer to your Assignment 1 submission and prepare to write a
_summary_ of each of the
**three** articles you selected.
· Refer to your Assignment 1 submission and prepare to write a
_synthesis_ of the
**three** articles you selected.
**Note:** For this Assignment, you must complete Appendix H. You will submit your completed Appendix H along with your 2- to 3-page paper.
**Note**: Be sure to review the grading rubric for this Assignment so you fully understand what is expected of you. To access the rubric, scroll down to the bottom of the Assignment page.
THE ASSIGNMENT: (2–3 PAGES)
Write a paper in which you do the following:
· Using a scholarly voice, summarize each of the
**three** articles you selected.
· Using a scholarly voice, synthesize the
**three** articles you selected.
· Include a copy of your completed Appendix H.
**Note:** You will submit your completed Appendix H along with your 2- to 3-page paper. Save copies of your completed Appendix H in Microsoft Word format. You will submit a total of
**two** documents
**.**
**Note:** Use this week’s Learning Resources to support your Assignment. Use proper APA format and style for all references and citations.
The College of Nursing requires that all papers include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. Use the
[College of Nursing Writing TemplateLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/ld.php?content_id=55487538) for your Assignment submission.
**## wk5-2rubrics.docx**
**NURS_8006_Week5_Assignment2_Rubric**
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| NURS_8006_Week5_Assignment2_Rubric |
| **Criteria** | **Ratings** | **Pts** |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeUsing a scholarly voice, summarize each of the three articles you selected. | **25 to >22.25 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response accurately and clearly summarizes each of the three articles they selected and accurately and clearly uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**22.25 to >19.75 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response accurately summarizes each of the three articles they selected and accurately uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**19.75 to >17.25 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response inaccurately or vaguely summarizes each of the three articles they selected and inaccurately or vaguely uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**17.25 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response inaccurately and vaguely summarizes each of the three articles they selected and inaccurately and vaguely uses scholarly voice or it is missing. | 25 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeUsing a scholarly voice, synthesize the three articles you selected. | **25 to >22.25 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response accurately and clearly synthesizes the three articles they selected and accurately and clearly uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**22.25 to >19.75 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response accurately synthesizes the three articles they selected and accurately uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**19.75 to >17.25 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response inaccurately or vaguely synthesizes the three articles they selected and inaccurately or vaguely uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**17.25 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response inaccurately and vaguely synthesizes the three articles they selected and inaccurately and vaguely uses scholarly voice or it is missing. | 25 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeInclude a copy of your completed Appendix H. | **15 to >13.35 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response includes an accurate and clear copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes relevant, specific, and appropriate examples that fully support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**13.35 to >11.85 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response includes an accurate copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes relevant, specific, and accurate examples that support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**11.85 to >10.35 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response includes an inaccurate or unclear copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes inaccurate and irrelevant examples that may support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**10.35 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response includes an inaccurate and unclear copy of their completed Appendix H. or it is missing. The response includes inaccurate and vague examples that do not support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described or it is missing. | 15 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria. | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. 90% of the time. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 70% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 70% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. | 5 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. | 5 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Uses correct APA format with no errors.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. | 5 pts |
Total Points: 80
**## wk5-2template.docx**
5
**Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here**
Student Name Here
Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University
Course Number, Section, and Title
(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)
Instructor Name
Month, Day, Year
(enter the date submitted to instructor)
**Title of the Paper**
This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (
_BSN Students_ –
_Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.)_ This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check
_Spacing_ under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:
1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a
[thesis statement](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/thesisstatements)) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.
**Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the
[MEAL plan](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/organization) (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and
**avoid using direct quotations**. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.
Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations). You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document.
The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list.
[Personal communications](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/personalcommunication) are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous
[APA resources on its website](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/secondarysources) and can answer your questions via
[email](mailto:writingsupport@waldenu.edu). Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course.
And so forth until the conclusion….
**Conclusion**
The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture.
**References**
Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.
Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI
Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent.
_Society & Natural Resources_,
_27_(4), 231–248.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554](https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554)
Journal Article, Two Authors; URL
Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance.
_CPA Journal_,
_77_(6), 66–71.
[http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm](http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm)
Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set.
_Journal of Improbable Mathematics_,
_27_(1), 1935–1968.
[https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx](https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx)
Book; One Author
Weinstein, J. A. (2019).
_Social change_ (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Book; Chapter in an Edited Book
Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.),
_Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice_ (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.
Professional Organization Web page
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018).
_Back to school._ [https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html)
Professional Organization Book
American Nurses Association. (2010).
_Nursing: Scope and standards of practice_ (2nd ed.).
Two or more works by same author in the same year
Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior.
_Journal of Social Psychology, 4_(1), 101–105.
Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors.
_Journal of Child Psychology, 4_(12), 161–167.
Government Article
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).
_Clinical training in serious mental illness_ (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.
Lecture Notes
Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)
Video
Walden University. (2009).
_Title of video here_ [Video]. Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Television (Audio)
Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1).
_The nightly news hour_ [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service.
**APA Resources**
You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page.
· Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020.
· The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references).
· Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list.
**## wk5-2SUMMARIZINGANDSYNTHESIZINGRESEARCH.docx**
SUMMARIZING AND SYNTHESIZING RESEARCH
As you saw in Assignment 1, when conducting a literature review, you first search the evidence, and next you appraise it. Then, you are ready to summarize the evidence that you uncovered, and finally, you can synthesize it.
This Assignment is a continuation of Assignment 1, in which you used the Walden Library to conduct a literature review and appraised your results to select the highest quality and most appropriate and significant evidence. Now, for Assignment 2, you will take the recent (within the last 5 years), peer-reviewed articles you selected and write brief summaries of each of them. You will then write a synthesis of all the articles.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
[**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/178588/modules/items/7319723)
TO PREPARE:
· Review the Learning Resources for this week, which focus on how to summarize and synthesize literature search results.
· Review Appendix H in the course textbook located in the Learning Resources for this week, which you will be required to complete and submit as part of this Assignment.
· Refer to your Assignment 1 submission and prepare to write a
_summary_ of each of the
**three** articles you selected.
· Refer to your Assignment 1 submission and prepare to write a
_synthesis_ of the
**three** articles you selected.
**Note:** For this Assignment, you must complete Appendix H. You will submit your completed Appendix H along with your 2- to 3-page paper.
**Note**: Be sure to review the grading rubric for this Assignment so you fully understand what is expected of you. To access the rubric, scroll down to the bottom of the Assignment page.
THE ASSIGNMENT: (2–3 PAGES)
Write a paper in which you do the following:
· Using a scholarly voice, summarize each of the
**three** articles you selected.
· Using a scholarly voice, synthesize the
**three** articles you selected.
· Include a copy of your completed Appendix H.
**Note:** You will submit your completed Appendix H along with your 2- to 3-page paper. Save copies of your completed Appendix H in Microsoft Word format. You will submit a total of
**two** documents
**.**
**Note:** Use this week’s Learning Resources to support your Assignment. Use proper APA format and style for all references and citations.
The College of Nursing requires that all papers include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. Use the
[College of Nursing Writing TemplateLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/ld.php?content_id=55487538) for your Assignment submission.
**## wk5-2rubrics.docx**
**NURS_8006_Week5_Assignment2_Rubric**
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| NURS_8006_Week5_Assignment2_Rubric |
| **Criteria** | **Ratings** | **Pts** |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeUsing a scholarly voice, summarize each of the three articles you selected. | **25 to >22.25 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response accurately and clearly summarizes each of the three articles they selected and accurately and clearly uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**22.25 to >19.75 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response accurately summarizes each of the three articles they selected and accurately uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**19.75 to >17.25 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response inaccurately or vaguely summarizes each of the three articles they selected and inaccurately or vaguely uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**17.25 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response inaccurately and vaguely summarizes each of the three articles they selected and inaccurately and vaguely uses scholarly voice or it is missing. | 25 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeUsing a scholarly voice, synthesize the three articles you selected. | **25 to >22.25 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response accurately and clearly synthesizes the three articles they selected and accurately and clearly uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**22.25 to >19.75 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response accurately synthesizes the three articles they selected and accurately uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**19.75 to >17.25 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response inaccurately or vaguely synthesizes the three articles they selected and inaccurately or vaguely uses scholarly voice.<br> <br>**17.25 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response inaccurately and vaguely synthesizes the three articles they selected and inaccurately and vaguely uses scholarly voice or it is missing. | 25 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeInclude a copy of your completed Appendix H. | **15 to >13.35 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** The response includes an accurate and clear copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes relevant, specific, and appropriate examples that fully support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**13.35 to >11.85 ptsGood 80%–89%** The response includes an accurate copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes relevant, specific, and accurate examples that support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**11.85 to >10.35 ptsFair 70%–79%** The response includes an inaccurate or unclear copy of their completed Appendix H. The response includes inaccurate and irrelevant examples that may support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described.<br> <br>**10.35 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** The response includes an inaccurate and unclear copy of their completed Appendix H. or it is missing. The response includes inaccurate and vague examples that do not support the explanations provided for each of the alignments described or it is missing. | 15 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria. | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. 90% of the time. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 70% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 70% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. | 5 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. | 5 pts |
| This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. | **5 to >4.45 ptsExcellent 90%–100%** Uses correct APA format with no errors.<br> <br>**4.45 to >3.95 ptsGood 80%–89%** Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.<br> <br>**3.95 to >3.45 ptsFair 70%–79%** Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.<br> <br>**3.45 to >0 ptsPoor 0%–69%** Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. | 5 pts |
Total Points: 80
**## wk5-2template.docx**
5
**Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here**
Student Name Here
Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University
Course Number, Section, and Title
(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)
Instructor Name
Month, Day, Year
(enter the date submitted to instructor)
**Title of the Paper**
This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (
_BSN Students_ –
_Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.)_ This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check
_Spacing_ under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:
1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a
[thesis statement](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/thesisstatements)) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.
**Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the
[MEAL plan](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/organization) (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and
**avoid using direct quotations**. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.
Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations). You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document.
The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list.
[Personal communications](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/personalcommunication) are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to
**Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)**
APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous
[APA resources on its website](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/secondarysources) and can answer your questions via
[email](mailto:writingsupport@waldenu.edu). Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course.
And so forth until the conclusion….
**Conclusion**
The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture.
**References**
Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.
Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI
Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent.
_Society & Natural Resources_,
_27_(4), 231–248.
[https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554](https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554)
Journal Article, Two Authors; URL
Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance.
_CPA Journal_,
_77_(6), 66–71.
[http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm](http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm)
Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set.
_Journal of Improbable Mathematics_,
_27_(1), 1935–1968.
[https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx](https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx)
Book; One Author
Weinstein, J. A. (2019).
_Social change_ (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Book; Chapter in an Edited Book
Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.),
_Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice_ (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.
Professional Organization Web page
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018).
_Back to school._ [https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html)
Professional Organization Book
American Nurses Association. (2010).
_Nursing: Scope and standards of practice_ (2nd ed.).
Two or more works by same author in the same year
Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior.
_Journal of Social Psychology, 4_(1), 101–105.
Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors.
_Journal of Child Psychology, 4_(12), 161–167.
Government Article
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).
_Clinical training in serious mental illness_ (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.
Lecture Notes
Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)
Video
Walden University. (2009).
_Title of video here_ [Video]. Walden University Blackboard.
[https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/)
Television (Audio)
Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1).
_The nightly news hour_ [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service.
**APA Resources**
You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page.
· Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020.
· The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at
[https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references).
· Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list.
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