Category: Nursing

Nursing Research Critique Paper Template

Template for Research Critique Paper  –

 
The paper should be doubled spaced and insert page numbers

 

Page One:        Title Page (with usual elements)

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Page Two:

Title of Paper

 

Introduction section for your paper with 2-3 sentences about the critique process in general (define it, what is it? why we use it?). Cite source(s) of your info. Conclude the first paragraph with: The purpose of this paper is to use Nieswiadomy‘s (2012) suggested guidelines to critique the research study report “                        ” by author(s) (year).

 

Introduction of the Research Study Report

 

>>Read the title and the abstract.

How do the title and abstract components capture your attention?

What is the problem (issue, need, gap, area of interest)?

Who is the population of interest?

What are two questions related to the problem and population of interest that you would like for the researchers to study and answer for you?

 

Variables

>>Determine the variable(s) of interest.                                                                                             
What is/are the variables?

What is the independent variable (IV)?

 

What is the dependent variable (DV)?
                                                                                                                                                         
What question(s) did you ask yourself to determine which variable is which?

 

Review of Literature

>>Identify relevant literature and previous studies that the researchers present.

How are literature and previous studies related to the variable(s) and population of interest?

What is the significance of the problem to nursing?

 

What other literature topics would you like the researchers to present? Nursing Research Critique Paper Template

 

Purpose

>>Identify the purpose of the research study.                                                                                           
What is the researchers’ purpose statement?

How does the purpose statement answer the question of “why” did the researchers conduct this study?

What are two research questions that the researchers might pose? (hint: use the purpose statement with the variables and population of interest to create research questions)

 

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

>>Identify the theoretical/conceptual framework.                                                                                  
What is the theoretical/conceptual framework(s)?
     
 

How is the framework related to the problem and population of interest?
      
                                                                                                   What is one question that you have about how the researchers used this framework to support their study?
      
 

Research Design

>>Examine the research study design.

What are two clues that will help you to determine the design types? 

What design type(s) did the researchers use? (use all relevant descriptors) Nursing Research Critique Paper Template

 

Sampling

>>Examine the sampling procedures.

Who was the study sample (participants)?

How did the researchers select the sample?
   
 

 

Sampling Threats

>>Consider sampling threats.

What sampling threats to internal validity do the authors mention?
 
 

Your ideas for other threats?

What sampling threats to external validity do the authors mention?
 
 

Your ideas for other threats?

Ethics

>>Consider ethics.

How did the researchers demonstrate use of informed consent?

What are two potential ethical issues that the researchers might have encountered?

 

Research Instruments

>>Examine the research study instruments.

What are the names of the instrument(s) that the researchers used to collect data?

How did the researchers describe instrument reliability?

How did the researchers describe instrument validity?  What types?

What instrument threats to validity do the authors mention? If none, what are your ideas?

 

Data Collection

>>Consider the data collection procedures.

Who, when, and where did researchers collect data?
  
 

What is your idea about one other data collection method that the researchers might use to collect data about the variables and the population of interest? Nursing Research Critique Paper Template

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Data Analyses

>>Explore the data analysis(es).

What are four familiar data analysis terms that you see in the research report?

What types of descriptive data analysis(es) did the researchers perform?

                                                             
   
 

What types of noninferential data analysis(es) did the researchers perform?

 
  
 

What types of inferential data analysis(es) did the researchers perform?
 
 

How did the study design, sampling methods, and collected data determine the types of data analysis(es)?

Findings

>>Explore the findings.

What were the major findings?
  
 

What statistically significant finding(s) did the researchers discuss?
  
  

How did the researchers communicate and display their findings?

 

Implications for Nursing Practice

>> Consider implications for nursing/interprofessional practice.

What are two implications for nursing practice?

What are two implications for interprofessional practice (i.e., involves other disciplines)?

 

Implications for Nursing Education

>> Consider implications for nursing education. Nursing Research Critique Paper Template

What are two ideas about content or clinical experiences that basic nursing education programs should include?
  
 

What are two ideas about content that inservice/continuing education should include?

 

Recommendations for Research

>>Consider recommendations for future research.

What are two areas that future research should explore?

 

Constructive Suggestions to Researchers

>>Consider constructive suggestions to researcher(s).                                                                                        
Write two constructive suggestions to the researcher(s) (i.e., your ideas about what they could/should add or modify to better meet Nieswiadomy’s recommendations).

What is one question that you still have as a curious investigative consumer of this nursing research report?

 

Reflections and Creative Idea About Research Critique Experience

>>Reflect about critique experiences.

What are two of your experiences throughout your research critique work?
   
 

Create a mnemonic or acronym to help you remember the process or contents of research critique
–even 3 years from now! A mnemonic is a memory aid such as a formula, rhyme, or mental image that helps to remember something. An example of a mnemonic is “My Very Excited Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas” to remember that the order of the planets is Mercury, Venus Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.

An acronym is a word formed from the initial letters or groups of letters of words in a set phrase or series of words and pronounced as a separate word (e.g., WAC from Women’s Army Corps).

 

Conclusion

>>Determine your conclusion texts.

Summarize major points of
your
entire paper. See critique evaluation rubric for contents of conclusion section of your paper. Use citations. Nursing Research Critique Paper Template

 

References

>>Document references.

Write references that you cited in
your
critique paper

 

 

Template adapted from Nieswiadomy,
American Journal of Critical Care
(ACCN journals), American Nurses Association (Kaplan), AACN Baccalaureate Essentials Nursing Research Critique Paper Template

NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

Research Critique Paper Directions

NUR 343 Nurse as Consumer of Research         Worth 30%

PURPOSE of Research Critique Paper:

·         Expose students to expected standards for published research study reports

·         Familiarize students with concept, process, and application of research critique

·         Promote analysis, questioning, and critical thinking about application of expected standards for published research study reports

·         Develop consumer of research knowledge and skills NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

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DESCRIPTION of Research Critique Process:

·         Conduct an in-depth critical reading and appraisal of all components (parts) of the study report

·         Use a “gold standard” model (see Nieswiadomy’s extensive criteria about specifications/standards/ expectations that published research study reports should meet); use the textbook’s extensive critique questions and expected standards as benchmarks and points of comparison to guide the critique process and evaluate the study’s strengths, weaknesses, value, and worth

·         Objectively compare reading and review findings with “gold standard” model expectations

·         Record critical analyses of strengths and weaknesses

·         Constructively suggest ideas for improvement and/or future research NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

 

PROCESS to COMPLETE the Research Critique Paper:

·         Assume this investigative mission as a consumer of nursing research.

·         Explore, carefully read, and use your knowledge to analyze and critically evaluate the research study report.

Use the textbook as the expert and point of comparison source; you do not need any other sources.

Access the research study report: Shaw, J.D., O’Neal, D.J., Siddarthan, K., & Neugaard, B.J. (2014). Pilot program to improve self-management of patients with heart failure by redesigning care coordination.
Nursing Research and Practice, 2014,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836921

·         Use the template to write your critique paper. The template headings represent standard components of a research study report.

·         Leave the headings and questions in place. Do
not
alter the template.

·         After
each
bolded question, type in a brief summary of Nieswiadomy’s recommendations. Follow the summary with your responses, using examples for the report to address the critique questions.

·        
You must
support your writing with citations from the textbook and from the research study report.

·         As a final step, consider your ideas for
constructive suggestions
to the study researcher(s).

Submit your final assignment per your course faculty’s directions. Turnitin will also review your final research critique paper.

 

 

 

Here is a sample text that shows the “thought process” to critique the abstract from Hayes’ (2014) research study about the impact of new medication prescriptions for older adults who are discharged from the emergency department. Using a step thought process, the template questions, and headings keeps you focused and on track with your critique work. NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

 

Step 1- Nieswiadomy (2012) recommends that the abstract should use 100-200 words to summarize the research study and should contain the essential components (i.e., purpose, hypothesis or research question(s), methods, description of subjects, and major findings).

Step 2 – Hayes’ (2014) abstract contained 154 words, the purpose ( i.e.,  to determine the effect of newly prescribed medications for older adults discharged from the emergency department), the research question (i.e., What is the effect of newly prescribed medications for older adults discharged from the emergency department?), the methods (self-administered Medication Complexity Index and telephone administration of the Knowledge of Medication subtest at 48-72 hours after discharge from the emergency department), and a description of the subjects (i.e., 60 adults aged 65-90 years). The abstract did not contain the major findings of the study.

Step 3 – Constructive suggestions for the researcher: Hayes (2014) could have reported the study’s findings in the abstract in order to attract the reader’s attention (Nieswiadomy, 2012). Hayes (2014) needed to better emphasize and give examples to demonstrate how emergency nurses can use her research findings in their practice. In particular, emergency nurses need information about working with the aging adult population who receive newly prescribed medications at discharge. NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

 

Template for Research Critique Paper  –

 

The
paper
should be doubled spaced and insert page numbers

 

Page One:        Title Page (with usual elements)

 

Page Two:

Title of Paper

 

Introduction section for your paper with 2-3 sentences about the critique process in general (define it, what is it? why we use it?). Cite source(s) of your info. Conclude the first paragraph with: The purpose of this paper is to use Nieswiadomy‘s (2012) suggested guidelines to critique the research study report “                        ” by author(s) (year).

 

Introduction of the Research Study Report

 

>>Read the title and the abstract.

How do the title and abstract components capture your attention?

What is the problem (issue, need, gap, area of interest)?

Who is the population of interest?

What are two questions related to the problem and population of interest that you would like for the researchers to study and answer for you? NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

 

Variables

>>Determine the variable(s) of interest.                                                                                             
What is/are the variables?

What is the independent variable (IV)?

 

What is the dependent variable (DV)?
                                                                                                                                                         
What question(s) did you ask yourself to determine which variable is which?

 

Review of Literature

>>Identify relevant literature and previous studies that the researchers present.

How are literature and previous studies related to the variable(s) and population of interest?

What is the significance of the problem to nursing?

 

What other literature topics would you like the researchers to present?

 

Purpose

>>Identify the purpose of the research study.                                                                                           
What is the researchers’ purpose statement?

How does the purpose statement answer the question of “why” did the researchers conduct this study? NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

What are two research questions that the researchers might pose? (hint: use the purpose statement with the variables and population of interest to create research questions)

 

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

>>Identify the theoretical/conceptual framework.                                                                                  
What is the theoretical/conceptual framework(s)?
     
 

How is the framework related to the problem and population of interest?
      
                                                                                                   What is one question that you have about how the researchers used this framework to support their study?
      
 

Research Design

>>Examine the research study design.

What are two clues that will help you to determine the design types? 

What design type(s) did the researchers use? (use all relevant descriptors)

 

Sampling

>>Examine the sampling procedures.

Who was the study sample (participants)?

How did the researchers select the sample?
   
  NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

 

Sampling Threats

>>Consider sampling threats.

What sampling threats to internal validity do the authors mention?
 
 

Your ideas for other threats?

What sampling threats to external validity do the authors mention?
 
 

Your ideas for other threats?

Ethics

>>Consider ethics.

How did the researchers demonstrate use of informed consent?

What are two potential ethical issues that the researchers might have encountered?

 

Research Instruments

>>Examine the research study instruments.

What are the names of the instrument(s) that the researchers used to collect data?

How did the researchers describe instrument reliability?

How did the researchers describe instrument validity?  What types?

What instrument threats to validity do the authors mention? If none, what are your ideas?

 

Data Collection

>>Consider the data collection procedures.

Who, when, and where did researchers collect data?
  
 

What is your idea about one other data collection method that the researchers might use to collect data about the variables and the population of interest?

 

Data Analyses

>>Explore the data analysis(es).

What are four familiar data analysis terms that you see in the research report?

What types of descriptive data analysis(es) did the researchers perform?

                                                             
   
 

What types of noninferential data analysis(es) did the researchers perform?

 
  
 

What types of inferential data analysis(es) did the researchers perform?
 
 

How did the study design, sampling methods, and collected data determine the types of data analysis(es)?

Findings

>>Explore the findings.

What were the major findings?
  
 

What statistically significant finding(s) did the researchers discuss?
  
  

How did the researchers communicate and display their findings?

 

Implications for Nursing Practice

>> Consider implications for nursing/interprofessional practice.

What are two implications for nursing practice?

What are two implications for interprofessional practice (i.e., involves other disciplines)? NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

 

Implications for Nursing Education

>> Consider implications for nursing education.

What are two ideas about content or clinical experiences that basic nursing education programs should include?
  
 

What are two ideas about content that inservice/continuing education should include?

 

Recommendations for Research

>>Consider recommendations for future research.

What are two areas that future research should explore?

 

Constructive Suggestions to Researchers

>>Consider constructive suggestions to researcher(s).                                                                                        
Write two constructive suggestions to the researcher(s) (i.e., your ideas about what they could/should add or modify to better meet Nieswiadomy’s recommendations).

What is one question that you still have as a curious investigative consumer of this nursing research report?

 

Reflections and Creative Idea About Research Critique Experience

>>Reflect about critique experiences.

What are two of your experiences throughout your research critique work?
   
 

Create a mnemonic or acronym to help you remember the process or contents of research critique
–even 3 years from now! A mnemonic is a memory aid such as a formula, rhyme, or mental image that helps to remember something. An example of a mnemonic is “My Very Excited Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas” to remember that the order of the planets is Mercury, Venus Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.

An acronym is a word formed from the initial letters or groups of letters of words in a set phrase or series of words and pronounced as a separate word (e.g., WAC from Women’s Army Corps).

 

Conclusion

>>Determine your conclusion texts.

Summarize major points of
your
entire paper. See critique evaluation rubric for contents of conclusion section of your paper. Use citations.

 

References

>Document references.

Foundations of nursing research 7th edition by Rose Marie Nieswiadomy & Catherine Bailey

Write references that you cited in
your
critique paper NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

 

 

Template adapted from Nieswiadomy,
American Journal of Critical Care
(ACCN journals), American Nurses Association (Kaplan), AACN Baccalaureate Essentials NUR 343 Nursing Research Critique Paper

Rett syndrome Essay

Introduction

Rett syndrome is a rare developmental and genetic neurological disorder that affects the brain’s development. A child diagnosed with the syndrome will have progressive loss of speech and motor skills (Lyst & Bird, 2015). The disorder often affects females. A baby will appear to develop normally between the ages of 6 to 18 months before the acquired skills begin to deteriorate such as using hands, communicating, walking, or crawling.  Over time, a child will encounter difficulty in using muscles that control communication, coordination, and movement. A child may also have intellectual disability and episodes of seizures. Additionally, abnormal hand movements will manifest such as clapping and rubbing repetitively thus replacing purposeful use of hands (Lyst & Bird, 2015) Rett syndrome Essay.

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Symptoms

Communication abilities are lost
: A child will lose their speech ability and is unable to make eye contact. A child will also not communicate in other ways. A child will lose interest on surroundings and toys. However, a child may gradually grain non-verbal communication skills and eye contact (Katz, Bird, Coenraads et al., 2016).

Loss of coordination and movement
: Decreased control of hands and ability to walk or crawl will be observed. The loss of ability occurs very fast then slows down and becomes gradual. This is followed by spastic or rigid positioning or movement (Katz et al., 2016) Rett syndrome Essay.

Slowed growth
: A child’s brain growth will slow soon after birth and hence, the head will appear smaller than it should. Growth delay in other parts of the body becomes evident as the child grows (Katz et al., 2016).

Abnormal hand and eye movement
: The hand movement will be repetitive and may include rubbing, tapping, clapping, squeezing, and hand wringing. Unusual eye movement will be characterized by closing one eye at a time, crossed eyes, and intense staring (Katz et al., 2016).

Other Signs and Symptoms
: As noted by Feldman, Banerjee, Sur (2016), other signs and symptoms include breathing problems including forced exhalation of air and saliva; increased agitation and irritability as a child gets older; loss of intellectual functioning; seizures, abnormal spine curvature; irregular heartbeat (which is life threatening); sleep disturbances such as irregular sleep patterns; feeding problems including chewing food, swallowing, and bowel function; fragile bones that are easily fractured; and cold hands and feet. Rett syndrome Essay.

Pathophysiology

Rett syndrome is as a result of the mutation of the methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP 2) gene (Chen, Chen, Lavery, et al., 2015). This gene is involved in the methyl-cytosine binding protein 2(MeCP2). This protein is necessary for development of the brain. It increases or decreases gene expression or alerts other genes on when to stop unique protein production. In Rett syndrome, the MECP2 gene functions abnormally with inadequate amounts or structurally abnormal protein amounts produced thus, causing gene expression of other genes to be abnormal as well.

Additionally, Pohodich & Zoghbi (2015) point out that Rett syndrome can also be caused by gene mutation or deletion of FOXG1 and CKL5 as well as other parts of MECP2 mutation which affect development of the brain in atypical Rett syndrome.

Diagnosis

Treatment Options

There is no known cure for Rett syndrome and hence, treatment includes symptoms management and multidisciplinary approach to the signs and symptoms. Leonard, Cobbs & Downs (2017) assert that a child should be enrolled in communication therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. Drugs are administered for dysfunctional breathing, to control seizures, and for dealing with motor challenges. A child should be re-evaluated regularly for progression of scoliosis and for cardiac abnormalities monitoring.  Additionally, a child will need support and social services as well as special education programs. Lastly, a child will require nutritional support to aid in maintaining a healthy weight (Leonard, Cobbs, & Downs, 2017) Rett syndrome Essay.

As a parent, you will need social support for your child with Rett syndrome. It is not easy coping with a child with Retts hence; a support group will be an ideal place to share strategies and advice on coping.

 

 

References

Chen, L., Chen, K., Lavery, L. A., Baker, S. A., Shaw, C. A., Li, W., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (2015). MeCP2 binds to non-CG methylated DNA as neurons mature, influencing transcription and the timing of onset for Rett syndrome. 
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
, 
112
(17), 5509-5514.

Feldman, D., Banerjee, A., & Sur, M. (2016). Developmental dynamics of Rett syndrome. 
Neural plasticity
, 
2016
.

Katz, D. M., Bird, A., Coenraads, M., Gray, S. J., Menon, D. U., Philpot, B. D., & Tarquinio, D. C. (2016). Rett syndrome: crossing the threshold to clinical translation. 
Trends in neurosciences
, 
39
(2), 100-113. Rett syndrome Essay

Leonard, H., Cobb, S., & Downs, J. (2017). Clinical and biological progress over 50 years in Rett syndrome. 
Nature Reviews Neurology
, 
13
(1), 37.

Lyst, M. J., & Bird, A. (2015). Rett syndrome: a complex disorder with simple roots. 
Nature Reviews Genetics
, 
16
(5), 261-275.

Pohodich, A. E., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (2015). Rett syndrome: disruption of epigenetic control of postnatal neurological functions. 
Human molecular genetics
, 
24
(R1), R10-R16. Rett syndrome Essay

 

It is recommended that you make your project as attractive as possible and consider using the finished product as teaching tools for families that you will work with in your own practices. Rett syndrome Essay.

Students will:

Analyze signs and symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders

Analyze the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders

Analyze diagnosis and treatment methods for neurodevelopmental disorders

Evaluate Parent Guides

Using evidence-based research, design and develop a Parent Guide for your assigned disorder including:

Signs and symptoms

Pathophysiology

How the disorder is diagnosed

Treatment options

Provide a minimum of three academic references.

Rett syndrome Essay

APRN Roles History Essay

The development of each advanced practice registered nursing role has progressed significantly over time. Discuss the historical and developmental aspects of the RNP, CNM, CRNA, and CNS roles. Provide a general description of the roles and responsibilities of each type of APRN in today’s healthcare system. Compare the credibility of the early role to the role at this time.

Historical Development of Advanced Practice Registered Nursing (APRN) Roles and their Current Status

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The four recognised APRN roles are the certified registered nurse anestheist (CRNA), the certified nurse midwife (CNM), the clinical nurse specialist (CNS), and the registered nurse practitioner (RNP) (Hamric et al., 2009). The CRNA role began in the late nineteenth century. This is when Catholic sisters (who were the ones serving as nurses) started assisting surgeons with administering chloroform during surgery. This was during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. The CNM role also started in the late 19
th
and early 20
th
centuries. That is the time that hospital-based deliveries started gaining recognition compared to home deliveries by lay midwives. The CNS role, on its part, started in the 1950s with a psychiatric CNS program at Rutger’s University in New Jersey. Lastly, the RNP role began in the 1960s in Leslie County, Kentucky. That was when nurses there started informally defining the primary healthcare role of the Nurse Practitioner (NP). Development of these APRN roles then continued over the years up to now when their current status is well-defined (Hamric, 2009) APRN Roles History Essay.

A General Description of the Roles and Responsibilities of Each APRN Type

As stated above, each of the APRN roles whose historical roots have been discussed above is now well established. The CRNA gives anesthesia to patients during surgery and other procedures requiring an anesthetic. The CNM is specialist in childbirth and women’s health, while the CNS is a clinical expert and leader in a particular area of specialty. Lastly, the RNP provides primary health care to a particular population focus.

The credibility of the early role was lower than that of the current role. This is because these APRN roles are now formally taught at postgraduate level and are respected in the healthcare sector in the United States.

References

Hamric, A.B., Spross, J.A. & Hanson, C.M. (Eds) (2009).
Advanced practice nursing: An integrative approach
. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier APRN Roles History Essay.

PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet

Name:

Class: PSY-255

Date:

Trait Theory Short Answer Worksheet

Using this web site (
https://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/
) please complete the questions in order to get your Big 5 personality profile.

 

List your percentile scores as they appear on the site:

Open-Mindedness:

Conscientiousness:

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Extraversion:

Agreeableness:

Negative Emotionality:

 

The site producing the scores provides a descriptor for each score. What was a sentence that particularly stood out to you and why? PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet

 

 

 

 

 

 

Utilizing at least one peer-reviewed resource, write a paragraph explaining the benefit of using personality testing in order to determine whether an individual should be employed in a specific job.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Utilizing at least one peer-reviewed resource, write a paragraph explaining the limitations of using personality testing in order to determine whether an individual should be employed in a specific job.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Imagine a situation where a person suddenly had access to the test results of a boyfriend/girlfriend. Explain why this person may have a strong desire to review the results of their significant other. PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet. What social and ethical problems could arise from seeing their results?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Should we know the personality profiles of our community leaders? What might the public gain or lose from having those profiles?

 

 

 

Trait Theory Short Answer Worksheet

Using this web site (
https://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/
) please complete the questions in order to get your Big 5 personality profile.

 

List your percentile scores as they appear on the site:

Open-Mindedness: 48

Conscientiousness: 46

Extraversion: 26

Agreeableness: 12

Negative Emotionality: 48

 

The site producing the scores provides a descriptor for each score. What was a sentence that particularly stood out to you and why?

The sentence that stands out the most for me is, “You find it easy to criticize others,” which describes the negative emotionality aspect of my personality. I cannot say that I am extremely surprised by the results, yet I have not expected that I will get such low scores demonstrating that the person is “critical, rude, harsh, callous” and is not “good-natured, sympathetic, forgiving, courteous.” Although I am indeed quite critical to other people, I do not agree that I am rude or lack sympathy. Therefore, I believe that the test does not accurately demonstrate the traits of the person analyzed. PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet.

 

Utilizing at least one peer-reviewed resource, write a paragraph explaining the benefit of using personality testing in order to determine whether an individual should be employed in a specific job.

Personality is always analyzed by the employers, and the results of the tests influence employee selection, development, and team-building (Hurst & Yung, n. d.). There is a great variety of approaches, strategies, and techniques, allowing to assess an individual’s personality. The employers, employing personality testing prior to hiring, focus on two major aspects, namely person-job (P-J) fit and person-organization (P-O) fit. In other words, the employer analyzes the potential worker’s skills and competencies, and if their personality matches the organization’s environment (Kumar, 2019). In fact, personality testing is the key factor that allows the entity to determine the person’s effectiveness and usefulness (Calvasina & Calvasina, 2016), which helps to hire professional and adequate individuals capable of adding to the development of the organization. In addition, such testing enables the employer to get people with “‘good character,” decreasing the possibilities of “a costly negligent hiring lawsuit if an employee harms a customer or co-worker” (Cavico et al., 2015). Other reasons for the application of personality testing include planning of management teams, its relatively low costs, reduction in turnover of employees and customers, or sifting the least qualified individuals (Cavico et al., 2015) PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet. Therefore, personality testing has lost of benefits for the employment process, permitting to determine the best candidates for the needed positions.

 

Utilizing at least one peer-reviewed resource, write a paragraph explaining the limitations of using personality testing in order to determine whether an individual should be employed in a specific job.

Despite the clear benefits of personality testing in the recruitment process, there is a variety of limitations, which reduce its effectiveness or even make it useless for employers. Some of the researchers claim that often the choice of the tests and their application can be neither valid nor reliable (Cavico et al., 2015). The major problem that arises with the implementation of such testing is the possibility of fake results. This aspect can be caused by two reasons, namely emotional pressure and anxiety, as well as dishonesty (Cavico et al., 2015). Individuals trying to fake their results by analyzing the questions and predicting the scores for each answer is a frequent phenomenon in the contemporary world PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet. Yet, there are still no practical approaches to mitigating the problem (Cavico et al., 2015). Except for the discussed matter, one more aspect limiting the application of the testing is the fact that test results cannot help in predicting the person’s behavior that may be different from the actions typical for their personality type. Overall, personality testing has several limitations reducing its effectiveness, which necessitates further improvement of evaluation techniques.

 

Imagine a situation where a person suddenly had access to the test results of a boyfriend/girlfriend. Explain why this person may have a strong desire to review the results of their significant other. What social and ethical problems could arise from seeing their results?

There is a common belief that personality tests are, in fact, extremely accurate and enable us to analyze our character to determine the strong and weak sides. There is a great variety of testing options, which may focus on various aspects, like leadership qualities or the role in relationships. Although the results are not always accurate, other people would still like to read the characteristics of others around them, especially the family, friends, or boyfriends/girlfriends, to get a better understanding of the person they are communicating with. Moreover, most people would like to make sure they see the true identities of others not to get betrayed. Any individual would like to date with a reliable and sincere person, and testing is one of the means of checking individuals around. It may cause both positive and negative effects depending on the expectations of the person and the actual results of the testing. In terms of the social aspect, the review of the results of other people may lead to conflicts, the spread of information to other people, and change in the attitude of those who expect to encounter different results. Or if the outcomes are better than assumed, the situation results in more reliable social connections and better relations. In terms of the ethical side of the question, the review of the results can be defined as the violation of personal rights for confidentiality. Moreover, as the results of the test may be faked/inaccurate, any change of the behavior can be perceived as morally incorrect. Tests cannot show what the person really is, and people should rely on their own vision and feelings while assessing the person PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet.

Should we know the personality profiles of our community leaders? What might the public gain or lose from having those profiles?

It may be extremely beneficial for the community to check the personal profiles of their potential leaders prior to voting to determine the best candidate for the position of the national leader. Such matter can allow the public to choose more suitable and trustworthy individuals who can add to the prosperity of the nation. At the same time, taking into consideration the chance that personality profiles can be faked to demonstrate the person in a better light, the access to such information may result in the wrong choice, threatening the future of the country. I assume there are no tools/testing strategies that can aid in getting absolutely accurate information about the person; therefore, the access to testing results has more potential drawbacks than benefits. Moreover, after I read about the experiment performed by the professor Michael Wiederman from the School of Medicine Greenville and an expert on psychological tests who proved that randomly taken tests have similar results to the tests completed by another person (Shapiro, 2018) I became confident that contemporary testing are absolutely irrelevant and should not be taken into consideration when making serious decisions. PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet.

References

Calvasina, G. E., & Calvasina, R. V. (2016). Using personality testing as part of the employee selection process: Legal and policy issues for employers.
Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 16
(2).

Cavico, F. J., Mujtaba, B. G., Lawrence, E., & Muffler, S. C. (2015). Personality tests in employment: A continuing legal, ethical, and practical quandary.
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2
(3), 60-84.

Hurst, C. & Jung, Y. (n .d.).
Using personality assessment for management and leadership development: An overview
.
https://www.lib.uwo.ca/files/business/Personality_NoteHurst.pdf PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet

Kumar, R. (2019). The use of personality testing in personnel selection.
CMC Senior Theses. 2038.
https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2038

Shapiro, S. (2018). The big problem with those personality tests for leaders. https://www.inc.com/stephen-shapiro/the-big-problem-with-those-personality-tests-for-leaders.html PSY-255-Trait-Theory-Short-Answer-Worksheet

NURS 6501 COPD Case Study Analysis

COPD is a disease typified by reversible obstruction of airflow and defective inflammatory response within the lungs (Hatipoğlu, 2018). The defective inflammatory response within the lungs is an immune response to long-term exposure to toxins such as cigarette smoke. The amplified immunity response can result to chronic bronchitis characterized by mucous hypersecretion, emphysema characterized by tissue destruction; and defective mechanisms that cause inflammation of the small airway as well as fibrosis (bronchiolitis).
​
The pathological changes cause elevated airflow resistance within the small airways, air trapping, amplified compliance of the lungs, in addition to progressive airflow obstruction (Newsome et al., 2018) NURS 6501 COPD Case Study Analysis. These pathogenic mechanisms lead to the pathological changes present in COPD. The pathological changes then lead to the physiological abnormalities present in COPD such as abnormalities in gas exchange; airflow obstruction; mucous hypersecretion; pulmonary hypertension; systemic effects; hyperinflation; and ciliary dysfunction (Newsome et al., 2018). These physiological abnormalities manifest as symptoms present in the patient such as breath shortness, a flattened diaphragm, thicker sputum, increased AP diameter among other symptoms and physical abnormalities (Hatipoğlu, 2018).

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The prevalence and incidence of COPD among black in America have remained lower when compared to white populations. COPD might be influenced by ethnic and racial factors. Likely differences in COPD between different ethnic and racial groups include biological and genetic variations; disparities when it comes to diagnosis and treatment; as well as increased exposure to tobacco smoke.  Gilkes et al (2016) established that the prevalence of COPD among the blacks and Asians is lower in comparison to the whites. In this study, Asians and blacks with COPD also had less severe symptoms where the white patients had severe breathlessness when compared to the Asians and black COPD patients (Gilkes et al., 2016). There is also a significant variation in the prevalence of COPD among Latinos when compared to Hispanics NURS 6501 COPD Case Study Analysis.

The variation of COPD among different races and ethnicities may be attributable to the smoking variations among different racial and ethnic groups (Diaz et al., 2018). Smoking prevalence is highest among Americans of Alaskan and Indian origin, while the lowest among Asians. Even though blacks have a higher likelihood of becoming smokers, they smoke a fewer number of cigarettes daily, and this can explain why the prevalence of COPD is lower among blacks when compared to the whites within the US. Asians tend to have a low smoking rate and this explains the low prevalence of COPD among the Asians (Gilkes et al., 2017) NURS 6501 COPD Case Study Analysis.

 

 

References

Diaz, A. A., Celli, B., & Celedón, J. C. (2018). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Hispanics. A 9-Year Update.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
,
197
(1), 15-21.

Gilkes, A., Ashworth, M., Schofield, P., Harries, T. H., Durbaba, S., Weston, C., & White, P. (2016). Does COPD risk vary by ethnicity? A retrospective cross-sectional study.
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
,
11
, 739–746.
https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S96391
.

Gilkes, A., Hull, S., Durbaba, S., Mathur R & White P. (2017)
.
Ethnic differences in smoking intensity and COPD risk: an observational study in primary care.
NPJ Prim Care Resp Med
, 27(50).

Hatipoğlu U. (2018). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: More than meets the eye.
Annals of thoracic medicine
,
13
(1), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.ATM_193_17
.

Newsome, B. R., McDonnell, K., Hucks, J., & Dawson Estrada, R. (2018). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Implications for Patients With Lung Cancer.
Clinical journal of oncology nursing
,
22
(2), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1188/18.CJON.184-192.

 

Module 2 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other NURS 6501 COPD Case Study Analysis.

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.

Photo Credit: yodiyim – stock.adobe.com

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following

The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.

Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.

How these processes interact to affect the patient.

By Day 7 of Week 4

Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The sample paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting NURS 6501 COPD Case Study Analysis.

 

Hello Class,

Welcome to Module two which comprises of week 3 and 4. The focus is on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders. In this module, you will examine fundamental concepts of cellular processes and the alterations that lead to various cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and disorders. You will evaluate the genetic environment and its impact on these diseases. You will also evaluate the impact of patient characteristics, including racial and ethnic variables, on physiological functioning. Please note that the knowledge check assessment is due by end of week three and the case study analysis assignment is due by end of week four. Here is the case study for this module:

45-year-old woman presents with chief complaint of 3-day duration of shortness of breath, cough with thick green sputum production, and fevers. Patient has history of COPD with chronic cough but states the cough has gotten much worse and is interfering with her sleep. Sputum is thicker and harder for her to expectorate. CXR reveals flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter. Auscultation demonstrates hyper resonance and coarse rales and rhonchi throughout all lung fields NURS 6501 COPD Case Study Analysis.

Topic 3: The Trait Approach

Objectives:

Analyze the major concepts of the trait approach.

Compare the theories of Allport, Murray, and Cattell.

Describe the current research in trait theory.

NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay

NURS 6053 week 5 discussion, Topic: Discussion 2: Your Leadership Profile

Leadership Profile

Results from the StrengthsFinder assessment

Every person has identifiable leadership strengths, areas in which a person thrives or excels. But people usually fail to identify these strengths. Consequently, many times, people use their strengths ineffectively or fail to use them at all.  Completing a Gallup strength finder assessment can help individuals recognize their areas of strength. An individual’s strengths are key to the personality of the individual (Northouse, 2017). After completing the Clifton strengths finder assessment, the top 5 signature themes of talents that emerged were achiever, empathy, responsibility, positivity,   and harmony NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay.

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The achiever theme assists me to explain my drive. Being an achiever, I always make a tangible achievement at the end of the day to feel good about myself. Empathy means that I can sense the emotions of the people around me and help them express their feelings. Harmony means that I am talented in living in agreement with other people. In my view, nothing good can be gained from friction and conflict, so I seek to hold conflicts at a minimum. Positivity means that I lookout for the positive in any situation and try my best to avoid negativity no matter the setbacks I encounter.   The responsibility theme compels me to take ownership of all the things in commit to and I feel psychologically bound to follow them through to completion NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay.

Strengths, core values, and characteristics I would like to strengthen

The two strengths I would like to strengthen communication and relator.  Strengths are derived from possessing particular talents and then additionally developing these talents by attaining additional practice, skills, and knowledge (Northouse, 2017). I can strengthen the talent of being an excellent communicator by learning about the difficulties of effective communication and seeking the help of a communications expert to assist me develops public communication skills. When one possesses the strength in relator, they have a profound relational capability to develop relationships with all people. I can achieve this by creating a space for the formation of strong relationships. By strengthening the relator theme, I can create the appropriate environment for members of the team to form close, trusting and honest relationships.

Communication and relationship building are two characteristics that I would like to strengthen.  A nurse leader I must be capable of and managing relationships with numerous persons because teamwork and collaboration are essential in the delivery of quality care. Effective communication is essential to the management of any relationship, but they are in particular crucial to a nurse leader who is required to engage in a wide range of relationships. According to Yoost and Crawford, (2015 communication is the basis of the practice of nursing. Communication skills are crucial for the work of the nurse and any other nurse.  NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay. Through the development of good communication skills, the nurse can get information, convey a plan, assign, and asses a care plan. The nurse interacts and develops relationships with co-workers, patients, and their families as well as other healthcare professionals and leaders. Both relationship building and effective communication are important for moving toward and achieving a common goal as well as resolving conflicts.

The two core values I would like to strengthen are altruism and human dignity. Altruism means being concerned about the well-being and welfare of others. Altruism in professional nursing practice is reflected by the nurse’s advocacy and concern for the wellbeing of patients, colleagues as well as other providers. Integrity means acting per the code of ethics and standards of practice (Murray, 2017).  When I strengthen my core values of altruism I will offer support to my followers and encourage act ethically when providing care and to develop caring relationships with each other and with the patients. NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay.

References

Northouse, P. (2017).
Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice
. Thousand Oaks, CA:  SAGE.

Murray, E. (2017). 
Nursing Leadership and Management: For Patient Safety and Quality Care
. Philadelphia, PA:  F. A. Davis.

Yoost, B., & Crawford, L.  (2015).
Fundamentals of Nursing –E-Book: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice
. New York:  Elsevier Health Sciences.

Discussion 2: Your Leadership Profile

Do you believe you have the traits to be an effective leader? Perhaps you are already in a supervisory role, but as has been discussed previously, appointment does not guarantee leadership skills. NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay.

How can you evaluate your own leadership skills and behaviors? You can start by analyzing your performance in specific areas of leadership. In this Discussion, you will complete Gallup’s StrengthsFinder assessment. This assessment will identify your personal strengths, which have been shown to improve motivation, engagement, and academic self-conference. Through this assessment, you will discover your top five themes—which you can reflect upon and use to leverage your talents for optimal success and examine how the results relate to your leadership traits.

To Prepare:

To take the Assessment, visit http://walden.gallup.com. Using the Guidance Document Resource(s) for the Strengths Finder assessment, follow the instructions for setting up an account. If the link does not work, please copy and paste the link into your web browser. NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay.

Please Note: This Assessment will take roughly 30 minutes to complete.

Once you have completed your assessment, you will receive your “Top 5 Signature Themes of Talent” on your screen.

Click the Download button below Signature Theme Report, and then print and save the report. We also encourage you to select the Apply tab to review action items.

NOTE: Please keep your report. You will need your results for future courses. Technical Issues with Gallup:

If you have technical issues after registering, please contact the Gallup Education Support group by phone at +1.866-346-4408. Support is available 24 hours/day from 6:00 p.m. Sunday U.S. Central Time through 5:00 p.m. Friday U.S. Central Time. NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay.

Reflect on the results of your Assessment, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits.

By Day 3 of Week 5

Post a brief description of your results from the StrengthsFinder assessment. Then, briefly describe two core values, two strengths, and two characteristics that you would like to strengthen based on the results of your StrengthsFinder assessment. Be specific. NURS 6053 Your Leadership Profile discussion essay

Topic 2: The Neo-Freudian Theorists and Research

Objectives:

Compare neo-Freudian theories with Freud’s theory.

Describe the current research derived from Freud’s theories.

Describe the current research of the neo-Freudian theorie

Personality disorder Decision Tree

Decision Tree

Introduction

Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and unhealthy thinking patterns, as well as unhealthy functioning and behaviors. People with personality disorders experience problems when it comes to the perception and relating to people and situations. This leads to significant problems and challenges in social activities, relationships, academics, and even work (Ekselius, 2018) Personality disorder Decision Tree. People with personality disorders might not be aware of their personality disorders because their way of thinking and behavior seems normal to them. They may even put the blame other individuals for their issues and problem. Personality disorders normally start during adolescence or early adulthood. There are various types of personality disorders. The 32-year-old client, in this case, the study presented with symptoms of being manipulative, exploitative, lack of remorse, blaming other people for her mistakes, irresponsibility, stealing, and often breaking the law Personality disorder Decision Tree. These behaviors started manifesting during the client’s childhood. The purpose of this paper is to identify the differential diagnosis for the client, evaluate the available treatments and finally present decisions about the diagnosis and treatment for the client.

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Decision #1: Differential Diagnosis

The diagnosis for this client is an antisocial personality disorder. This decision was selected because the client manifests symptoms consistent with the symptoms outlined in DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder. According to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, the characteristic symptoms of the antisocial personality disorder include disregarding and violating the law and rights of other people; manipulating and deceiving others; problems with maintaining interpersonal relationships; blaming other people for self-mistakes; irresponsible behaviors; and lack of remorse (Grenyer et al., 2018) Personality disorder Decision Tree. The client in the case study manifests symptoms such as disregarding the law; manipulative and exploitative behaviors; disregard for the law as indicated by imprisonment; blaming third-parties for her mistakes; delinquent behaviors such as stealing; lack of remorse; relationship behaviors; aggression; illegal possession of a gun; and recklessness as indicated by her inability to manage finances. Moreover, the behaviors started manifesting since childhood and hence confirming the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder.

Selecting antisocial personality disorder as the diagnosis for this client hoped that the correct diagnosis for the client was made. Therefore, this facilitates the right treatment for this client. The correct diagnosis ensures that there is no misdiagnosis and thus an individual receives treatment for the ailment (Singh et al., 2017).

Since the client exhibits symptoms of antisocial personality disorder as per the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, there is no difference between the achieved outcome and the expected outcome Personality disorder Decision Tree.

Decision #2: Treatment Plan for Psychotherapy

The second decision is to refer the client to a psychologist for psychological testing. The reason for referring the client for psychological testing is to have her undergo a comprehensive assessment. The psychological assessment should include the administration of psychological tests to the client to objectively, comprehensively and consistently assess her behavior (Bornstein, 2015).  Therefore, the client will be administered with some clinical, behavioral and psychological assessment tools that will identify any cognitive problems, behavioral problems, or personality problems (Jadhakhan et al., 2019).

The expected outcome by referring the client for psychological testing is that the diagnosis (antisocial personality disorder) would be verified. Secondly, it is anticipated that the administration of psychological tests would identify other mental health conditions or comorbidities that could be contributing to the symptoms the client is manifesting (Jadhakhan et al., 2019) Personality disorder Decision Tree.

According to the findings from the comprehensive psychological battery test, the client exhibits symptoms of various personality disorders. However, the highest score was on the traits associated with antisocial personality disorder and this, therefore, is suggestive that the diagnosis for this client is an antisocial personality disorder. Therefore, there is no difference between the achieved outcome and the expected outcome. This is because as was expected, the psychological testing revealed that the client’s diagnosis was an antisocial personality disorder. Moreover, the psychological testing indicated a probability of other comorbidities for the client as demonstrated by the results showing that the client has symptoms of personality disorder Personality disorder Decision Tree. Evidence demonstrates that the majority of individuals with one personality disorder also manifest symptoms and signs of other personality disorders (Grenyer et al., 2018). This explains why the client manifests symptoms for multiple personality disorders, even though the score was highest for antisocial personality disorder.

Decision #3: Treatment Plan for Psychopharmacology

The third decision that was selected is to refer Rhoda to group-based cognitive behavior therapy. This decision was chosen because the group-based cognitive behavior therapy (G-CBT) has been demonstrated to be effective in improving symptoms and treating many personality disorders such as antisocial personality disorder. According to CBT, antisocial personality disorder results from the maladaptive beliefs as well as environmental factors that facilitate and promote the problematic behaviors associated with the disorder (Mancke et al, 2018). Additionally, the lack of the appropriate skills to adjust and respond suitably to situations is associated with the development of antisocial personality disorder. Therefore, the CBT utilizes different therapeutic techniques to change the negative thinking patterns and beliefs and thus eventually modify the behavior. Also, CBT equips people with the necessary skills to adapt, handle and respond suitably to situations (Mancke et al, 2018). More importantly, the CBT is a group-CBT and thus this will allow the client to interact with other members of the group (Mancke et al, 2018). This will improve the client’s social skills and thus improve her ability to maintain interpersonal relationships.

The selection of G-CBT for this client hoped that the behavioral deficits and symptoms the client is manifesting would greatly improve. The G-CBT will alter and modify the negative thinking pattern and maladaptive beliefs for this client. Additionally, a G-CBT will equip her with the essential social skills. G-CBT will lead to the client adopting a maladaptive thinking pattern and thus result in behavior change, and at the same time, the client will adopt the socially accepted behaviors (Mancke et al, 2018) Personality disorder Decision Tree.

Ethical Considerations

The first ethical consideration that the therapist should consider is informed consent. The PMHNP should obtain informed consent from the client before starting any assessment or treatment. The autonomy of the client should also be respected and therefore is she refuses any treatment, the PMHNP should accept the client’s decision. Thirdly, any information that the client reveals during the therapy including issues associated with breaking the law should be kept confidential and private (Warrender, 2017). Lastly, evidence shows that people with personality disorders may sometimes fail to respect the boundary issues and the therapeutic relationship. Therefore, the PMHNP should ensure that the client is educated about the expected boundaries during the treatment. Boundary issues common among people with personality disorders include irrational demands associated with the availability and accessibility of the therapist, irrationality, disrespect, and excessive phone calls to the therapist (Warrender, 2017). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the PMHNP to identify the honest needs of this client and maintain firm boundaries to ensure the provision of ethical and competent treatment. Personality disorder Decision Tree.

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Conclusion

The diagnosis for this client was identified as an antisocial personality disorder. This decision was selected since the client reported and manifested symptoms associated with antisocial personality disorder according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The second decision that was chosen was to refer the client to a psychologist form comprehensive psychological testing to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and any other associated comorbidity. The final decision was to refer Rhoda to a G-CBT due to the intervention’s efficacy in the treatment of personality disorders. In conclusion, the ethical considerations during the treatment for this client involve autonomy, informed consent, as well as boundary issues Personality disorder Decision Tree.

References

Bornstein R. (2015). Personality Assessment in the Diagnostic Manuals: On Mindfulness, Multiple Methods, and Test Score Discontinuities.
J Pers Assess
, 97(5), 446–455.

Ekselius L. (2018). Personality disorder: a disease in disguise.
Upsala journal of medical sciences
, 123(4), 194–204.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03009734.2018.1526235
.

Grenyer, B., Lewis, K. L., Fanaian, M., & Kotze, B. (2018). Treatment of personality disorder using a whole of service stepped care approach: A cluster randomized controlled trial.
PloS one
,
13
(11), e0206472.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206472
.

Jadhakhan, F., Lindner, O. C., Blakemore, A., & Guthrie, E. (2019). Prevalence of common mental health disorders in adults who are high or costly users of healthcare services: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMJ Open
,
9
(9), e028295.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028295
.

Mancke F, Schmitt R, Winter D, Inga N, Sabine H & Scmahl C. (2018). Assessing the marks of change: how psychotherapy alters the brain structure in women with borderline personality disorder.
J Psychiatry Neurosci
, 43(3), 171–181.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014).
Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry
(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Singh, H., Schiff, G. D., Graber, M. L., Onakpoya, I., & Thompson, M. J. (2017). The global burden of diagnostic errors in primary care.
BMJ quality & safety
,
26
(6), 484–494.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2016-005401
.

Warrender D. (2017). Borderline personality disorder and the ethics of risk management: The action/consequence model.
Nursing Ethics
, 25(7), 918-927. Personality disorder Decision Tree

 

Decision Tree

For this Assignment, as you examine the client case study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat adult and older adult clients presenting symptoms of a mental health disorder.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate clients for treatment of mental health disorders

• Analyze decisions made throughout diagnosis and treatment of clients with mental health disorders

** Assigned in Week 3 and submitted in Week 4 Personality disorder Decision Tree

Examine Case 1: You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the diagnosis and treatment for this client. Be sure to consider co-morbid physical as well as mental factors that might impact the client’s diagnosis and treatment.

At each Decision Point, stop to complete the following:

• Decision #1: Differential Diagnosis

o Which Decision did you select?

o Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

o What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

o Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the Decision. Why were they different?

• Decision #2: Treatment Plan for Psychotherapy

o Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

o What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Personality disorder Decision Tree

o Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the Decision. Why were they different?

• Decision #3: Treatment Plan for Psychopharmacology

o Why did you select this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

o What were you hoping to achieve by making this Decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.

o Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?

• Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients and their family.

Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of three academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement Personality disorder Decision Tree.

By Day 7

A woman with personality disorder Case #1 A woman with personality disorder SUBJECTIVE Rhonda is a 32-year-old Hispanic female who presents to your office for her initial appointment. When you ask what brought her to your office, she states: “I’m at the end of my rope, I don’t know what else to do.” She then bursts into tears. Rhonda explains that she has very few friends left, and everyone seems to have “abandoned” her. Rhonda explains that she goes out of her way to help other people, and to be nice to them, but this does not seem to help. Rhonda then stands up and begins to pace around your office at times using wild hand gestures to explain the circumstances that led up to her making the appointment with you. She describes the recent breakup with her boyfriend as traumatic and explains “when we first met, he was the best guy in the world. He treated me really well. But he just became a complete monster! Even though he broke off the relationship with me, I was glad to see it end. I hate his guts!” Rhonda explains that her current financial situation is also precarious. She states that she recently purchased an automobile, and is not certain how she is going to pay for it. She states that she had a car that was repossessed last year at that time, and that she borrowed some money from a friend to help pay for the car; the friend later turned around and accused her of theft. “It was my friend’s fault. She told me she would loan me the money and then backed out. I only took the money because she said she would loan it to me … people just can’t go back on their word like that when other people are counting on them.” Rhonda reports that she was “always in trouble” as a kid. She states that people were always picking on her, to which she adds: “the other kids my age were just stupid. They didn’t know how to have fun.” She says “I have always been impulsive, but it’s fun. Sometimes people can be such prudes … you only go around life once, so you have to make the best of it.” OBJECTIVE Rhonda is currently single. She has no children. Educationally, she had completed two semesters toward her bachelor of arts degree in fine arts. Rhonda currently works as a waitress at a local restaurant Personality disorder Decision Tree. She has held this job for about 2 weeks. Prior to this, Rhonda worked as a housekeeper for a local hotel chain. She states that she was fired from this job because her coworkers were jealous of her and “planted” evidence of her stealing from hotel patrons. She was also arrested for cashing checks under an alias, for which she spent 120 days in jail. Rhonda has a history of multiple incarcerations for offences ranging from larceny to possession of controlled substances to possession of an illegal firearm. She was also arrested several times for fighting and on at least one occasion, used a baseball bat to beat up a girl who she thought was trying to “set her up” with the police. MENTAL STATUS EXAM Rhonda is alert and oriented × 4 spheres. Her speech is clear, coherent, goal directed, and spontaneous. She reports her mood as “terrible!” Affect is labile and seems to change rapidly with the subject being discussed. Her eye contact is normal, but at times, she appears to stare at you. Rhonda is oriented to person, place, and time. She denies visual/auditory hallucinations, no overt paranoia or delusional thought processes noted. Rhonda denies any suicidal or homicidal ideation. Decision Point One BASED ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE SCENARIO ABOVE, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DIAGNOSES WOULD THE PSYCHIATRIC/MENTAL HEALTH NURSE PRACTITIONER (PMHNP) GIVE TO RHONDA? In your write-up of this case, be certain to link specific symptoms presented in the case to DSM–5 criteria to support your diagnosis. Decision Point One Borderline Personality Disorder Decision Point Two BASED ON THIS DIAGNOSIS, SELECT YOUR CHOICE OF ACTIONS: Refer to psychologist for psychological testing Begin dialectical behavior therapy Begin treatment with Abilify 5 mg orally daily Decision Point One Histrionic Personality Disorder Decision Point Two BASED ON THIS DIAGNOSIS, SELECT YOUR CHOICE OF ACTIONS: Refer to psychologist for psychological testing Begin Seroquel 25 mg orally at bedtime Refer to group therapy for personality-disordered individuals Decision Point One Antisocial Personality Disorder Decision Point Two BASED ON THIS DIAGNOSIS, SELECT YOUR CHOICE OF ACTIONS: Refer to psychologist for psychological testing Begin Haldol 5 mg orally daily Refer for psychodynamic psychotherapy Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Personality disorder Decision Tree