Category: Writing

Which of the following elements should you look for to avoid being misled when interpreting a chart or graph?  Select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
A-The number of categories in a pie chart.
B-The color of the bars in a line graph.
C-The baseline of a bar or line graph.
D-Whether the categories in a pie chart are mutually exclusive.

Hello,
I need help urgently for this 10 question AP English Language quiz.
Here are some questions I need help with:
Question 1
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following is taken from a passage written by the famed naturalist, John Muir.
(1) The immortal Linnaeus—Carl von Linné—was born in Sweden, a cold rocky country now famous forever. (2) He was born in the bloom-time of the year, May 13th, 1707; and in pondering the significance of his birth, one might stop to give thanks and reflect on the wonderful inspiration his life would come to serve.
(3) Whether descended from sea-kings and pirates as is most likely, or from fighting Normans or goths, matters not; for he was a lover sent of God to revive and cheer and bless all mankind. (4) And this he did in spite of crushing poverty, and all the black brood of disappointments and discouragements that ever beset the onway of genius. (5) His parents were as poor and pious as the parents of great men usually are. (6) He was a naturalist from his birth, and reveled in the bloom of the fields and gardens about his native village of Rashult as naturally as a bee. (7) By his steady, slow-going neighbors, he was looked on as one possessed.
(8) His father, a minister, naturally wished his son to follow in his footsteps, and so he pinched pennies and saved money to send young Carl to school with this end in view. (9) But the studies leading to the ministry did not interest the lad, and like other divine boys he was called a dunce. (10) Accordingly, when his father visited the school and anxiously inquired how Carl was getting on, he was bluntly told that the boy was dull, had no brains, and could never be made into a minister or scholar of any kind. (11) Under these dark circumstances, the best advice the schoolmaster was able to offer the discouraged father was to take away his boy and make a tailor or a shoemaker of him.
(12) Yet this was the boy who was to do the most of all for many generations to open men’s eyes to see the beauty of God’s gardens and the creatures that enliven them.
In sentence 11 (reproduced below), the writer wants to use a transitional phrase to create the appropriate tone for the information contained in the sentence.
Under these dark circumstances,
the best advice the schoolmaster was able to offer the discouraged father was to take away his boy and make a tailor or a shoemaker of him.
Which version of the
underlined
text best achieves this goal? (3 points)
Despite this reality
On the brighter side
(as it is now)
In this situation
With this in mind
Question 2
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following is taken from a passage written by the famed naturalist, John Muir.
(1) The immortal Linnaeus—Carl von Linné—was born in Sweden, a cold rocky country now famous forever. (2) He was born in the bloom-time of the year, May 13th, 1707; and in pondering the significance of his birth, one might stop to give thanks and reflect on the wonderful inspiration his life would come to serve.
(3) Whether descended from sea-kings and pirates as is most likely, or from fighting Normans or goths, matters not; for he was a lover sent of God to revive and cheer and bless all mankind. (4) And this he did in spite of crushing poverty, and all the black brood of disappointments and discouragements that ever beset the onway of genius. (5) His parents were as poor and pious as the parents of great men usually are. (6) He was a naturalist from his birth, and reveled in the bloom of the fields and gardens about his native village of Rashult as naturally as a bee. (7) By his steady, slow-going neighbors, he was looked on as one possessed.
(8) His father, a minister, naturally wished his son to follow in his footsteps, and so he pinched pennies and saved money to send young Carl to school with this end in view. (9) But the studies leading to the ministry did not interest the lad, and like other divine boys he was called a dunce. (10) Accordingly, when his father visited the school and anxiously inquired how Carl was getting on, he was bluntly told that the boy was dull, had no brains, and could never be made into a minister or scholar of any kind. (11) Under these dark circumstances, the best advice the schoolmaster was able to offer the discouraged father was to take away his boy and make a tailor or a shoemaker of him.
(12) Yet this was the boy who was to do the most of all for many generations to open men’s eyes to see the beauty of God’s gardens and the creatures that enliven them.
In sentence 2 (reproduced below), the writer wants to include descriptive details that convey the intense admiration he has for Linnaeus.
He was born in the bloom-time of the year, May 13th, 1707;
and in pondering the significance of his birth, one might stop to give thanks and reflect on the wonderful inspiration his life would come to serve.
Which of the following versions of the
underlined
text best achieves this purpose? (3 points)
(as it is now)
and contemplating this great event, one may easily fancy every living thing dancing and singing and clapping hands for joy.
and considering this event, one may give pause to consider the influence the man would someday have on nature and the world around him.
and in reflecting on this event, one might wonder how different the world might have been had the naturalist not been born at all.
and in thinking about the impact Linnaeus would someday have on nature and the world around him, one might be uplifted and inspired.
Question 3
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following is taken from a passage written by the famed naturalist, John Muir.
(1) The immortal Linnaeus—Carl von Linné—was born in Sweden, a cold rocky country now famous forever. (2) He was born in the bloom-time of the year, May 13th, 1707; and in pondering the significance of his birth, one might stop to give thanks and reflect on the wonderful inspiration his life would come to serve.
(3) Whether descended from sea-kings and pirates as is most likely, or from fighting Normans or goths, matters not; for he was a lover sent of God to revive and cheer and bless all mankind. (4) And this he did in spite of crushing poverty, and all the black brood of disappointments and discouragements that ever beset the onway of genius. (5) His parents were as poor and pious as the parents of great men usually are. (6) He was a naturalist from his birth, and reveled in the bloom of the fields and gardens about his native village of Rashult as naturally as a bee. (7) By his steady, slow-going neighbors, he was looked on as one possessed.
(8) His father, a minister, naturally wished his son to follow in his footsteps, and so he pinched pennies and saved money to send young Carl to school with this end in view. (9) But the studies leading to the ministry did not interest the lad, and like other divine boys he was called a dunce. (10) Accordingly, when his father visited the school and anxiously inquired how Carl was getting on, he was bluntly told that the boy was dull, had no brains, and could never be made into a minister or scholar of any kind. (11) Under these dark circumstances, the best advice the schoolmaster was able to offer the discouraged father was to take away his boy and make a tailor or a shoemaker of him.
(12) Yet this was the boy who was to do the most of all for many generations to open men’s eyes to see the beauty of God’s gardens and the creatures that enliven them.
The writer wants to include additional information after sentence 7 (reproduced below) to elaborate on his neighbors’ perceptions to show how unique Linnaeus was. Which of the following sentences best accomplishes this goal?
By his steady, slow-going neighbors, he was looked on as one possessed. (3 points)
His town was sparsely populated; among his neighbors he had few friends.
His deep love of nature occupied much of his time and gave him great joy.
They did not know what to make of him; neither did his own father and mother.
His family was rather poor, and most of his neighbors equally so.
They also enjoyed a great love of nature but not as much as Linnaeus.
Question 4
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following excerpt is from a news conference given by President Kennedy in 1962.
(1) Simultaneous and identical actions of United States Steel and other leading steel corporations, increasing steel prices by some six dollars a ton, constitute a wholly unjustifiable and irresponsible defiance of the public interest.
(2) In this serious hour in our nation’s history, when we are confronted with grave crises in Berlin and Southeast Asia, when we are devoting our energies to economic recovery and stability, when we are asking Reservists to leave their homes and families for months on end, and servicemen to risk their lives — and four were killed in the last two days in Viet Nam — and asking union members to hold down their wage requests, at a time when restraint and sacrifice are being asked of every citizen, the American people will find it hard, as I do, to accept a situation in which a tiny handful of steel executives whose pursuit of private power and profit exceeds their sense of public responsibility can show such utter contempt for the interests of 185 million Americans.
(3) If this rise in the cost of steel is imitated by the rest of the industry, instead of rescinded, it would increase the cost of homes, autos, appliances, and most other items for every American family. It would increase the cost of machinery and tools to every American businessman and farmer. It would seriously handicap our efforts to prevent an inflationary spiral from eating up the pensions of our older citizens, and our new gains in purchasing power.
(4) It would add, Secretary McNamara informed me this morning, an estimated one billion dollars to the cost of our defenses, at a time when every dollar is needed for national security and other purposes. It would make it more difficult for American goods to compete in foreign markets, more difficult to withstand competition from foreign imports, and thus more difficult to improve our balance of payments position, and stem the flow of gold. And it is necessary to stem it for our national security, if we are going to pay for our security commitments abroad. And it would surely handicap our efforts to induce other industries and unions to adopt responsible price and wage policies.
(5) The facts of the matter are that there is no justification for an increase in the steel prices. The recent settlement between the industry and the union, which does not even take place until July 1st, was widely acknowledged to be non-inflationary, and the whole purpose and effect of this Administration’s role, which both parties understood, was to achieve an agreement which would make unnecessary any increase in prices…
(6) The cost of major raw materials, steel scrap and coal, has been declining, and for an industry which has been generally operating at less than two-thirds of capacity, its profit rate has been normal and can be expected to rise sharply this year in view of the reduction in idle capacity. Their lot has been easier than that of a hundred thousand steel workers thrown out of work in the last three years. The industry’s cash dividends have exceeded 600 million dollars in each of the last five years, and earnings in the first quarter of this year were estimated in the February 28th Wall Street Journal to be among the highest in history.
(7) In short, at a time when they could be exploring how more efficiency and better prices could be obtained, reducing prices in this industry in recognition of lower costs, their unusually good labor contract, their foreign competition and their increase in production and profits which are coming this year, a few gigantic corporations have decided to increase prices in ruthless disregard of their public responsibilities…
(8)…Some time ago I asked each American to consider what he would do for his country and I asked the steel companies. In the last 24 hours, we had their answer.
Overall, the speaker’s tone might best be described as (3 points)
conciliatory and resigned
concerned and caustic
matter-of-fact and resigned
disapproving and belligerent
impassioned and accusatory
Question 5
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following excerpt is from a news conference given by President Kennedy in 1962.
(1) Simultaneous and identical actions of United States Steel and other leading steel corporations, increasing steel prices by some six dollars a ton, constitute a wholly unjustifiable and irresponsible defiance of the public interest.
(2) In this serious hour in our nation’s history, when we are confronted with grave crises in Berlin and Southeast Asia, when we are devoting our energies to economic recovery and stability, when we are asking Reservists to leave their homes and families for months on end, and servicemen to risk their lives — and four were killed in the last two days in Viet Nam — and asking union members to hold down their wage requests, at a time when restraint and sacrifice are being asked of every citizen, the American people will find it hard, as I do, to accept a situation in which a tiny handful of steel executives whose pursuit of private power and profit exceeds their sense of public responsibility can show such utter contempt for the interests of 185 million Americans.
(3) If this rise in the cost of steel is imitated by the rest of the industry, instead of rescinded, it would increase the cost of homes, autos, appliances, and most other items for every American family. It would increase the cost of machinery and tools to every American businessman and farmer. It would seriously handicap our efforts to prevent an inflationary spiral from eating up the pensions of our older citizens, and our new gains in purchasing power.
(4) It would add, Secretary McNamara informed me this morning, an estimated one billion dollars to the cost of our defenses, at a time when every dollar is needed for national security and other purposes. It would make it more difficult for American goods to compete in foreign markets, more difficult to withstand competition from foreign imports, and thus more difficult to improve our balance of payments position, and stem the flow of gold. And it is necessary to stem it for our national security, if we are going to pay for our security commitments abroad. And it would surely handicap our efforts to induce other industries and unions to adopt responsible price and wage policies.
(5) The facts of the matter are that there is no justification for an increase in the steel prices. The recent settlement between the industry and the union, which does not even take place until July 1st, was widely acknowledged to be non-inflationary, and the whole purpose and effect of this Administration’s role, which both parties understood, was to achieve an agreement which would make unnecessary any increase in prices…
(6) The cost of major raw materials, steel scrap and coal, has been declining, and for an industry which has been generally operating at less than two-thirds of capacity, its profit rate has been normal and can be expected to rise sharply this year in view of the reduction in idle capacity. Their lot has been easier than that of a hundred thousand steel workers thrown out of work in the last three years. The industry’s cash dividends have exceeded 600 million dollars in each of the last five years, and earnings in the first quarter of this year were estimated in the February 28th Wall Street Journal to be among the highest in history.
(7) In short, at a time when they could be exploring how more efficiency and better prices could be obtained, reducing prices in this industry in recognition of lower costs, their unusually good labor contract, their foreign competition and their increase in production and profits which are coming this year, a few gigantic corporations have decided to increase prices in ruthless disregard of their public responsibilities…
(8)…Some time ago I asked each American to consider what he would do for his country and I asked the steel companies. In the last 24 hours, we had their answer.
Overall, which of the following best describes the function of the second paragraph of the passage? (3 points)
It provides the foundation on which Kennedy will call for a boycott of steel.
It establishes a sense of patriotism through which Kennedy will develop his speech.
It defines the reasons for Kennedy’s frustration with the steel company executives.
It itemizes the grievances Kennedy will then use to rally the audience to action.
It explains the conditions Kennedy will claim are contributing to the rise in steel prices.
Question 6
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following excerpt is from a news conference given by President Kennedy in 1962.
(1) Simultaneous and identical actions of United States Steel and other leading steel corporations, increasing steel prices by some six dollars a ton, constitute a wholly unjustifiable and irresponsible defiance of the public interest.
(2) In this serious hour in our nation’s history, when we are confronted with grave crises in Berlin and Southeast Asia, when we are devoting our energies to economic recovery and stability, when we are asking Reservists to leave their homes and families for months on end, and servicemen to risk their lives — and four were killed in the last two days in Viet Nam — and asking union members to hold down their wage requests, at a time when restraint and sacrifice are being asked of every citizen, the American people will find it hard, as I do, to accept a situation in which a tiny handful of steel executives whose pursuit of private power and profit exceeds their sense of public responsibility can show such utter contempt for the interests of 185 million Americans.
(3) If this rise in the cost of steel is imitated by the rest of the industry, instead of rescinded, it would increase the cost of homes, autos, appliances, and most other items for every American family. It would increase the cost of machinery and tools to every American businessman and farmer. It would seriously handicap our efforts to prevent an inflationary spiral from eating up the pensions of our older citizens, and our new gains in purchasing power.
(4) It would add, Secretary McNamara informed me this morning, an estimated one billion dollars to the cost of our defenses, at a time when every dollar is needed for national security and other purposes. It would make it more difficult for American goods to compete in foreign markets, more difficult to withstand competition from foreign imports, and thus more difficult to improve our balance of payments position, and stem the flow of gold. And it is necessary to stem it for our national security, if we are going to pay for our security commitments abroad. And it would surely handicap our efforts to induce other industries and unions to adopt responsible price and wage policies.
(5) The facts of the matter are that there is no justification for an increase in the steel prices. The recent settlement between the industry and the union, which does not even take place until July 1st, was widely acknowledged to be non-inflationary, and the whole purpose and effect of this Administration’s role, which both parties understood, was to achieve an agreement which would make unnecessary any increase in prices…
(6) The cost of major raw materials, steel scrap and coal, has been declining, and for an industry which has been generally operating at less than two-thirds of capacity, its profit rate has been normal and can be expected to rise sharply this year in view of the reduction in idle capacity. Their lot has been easier than that of a hundred thousand steel workers thrown out of work in the last three years. The industry’s cash dividends have exceeded 600 million dollars in each of the last five years, and earnings in the first quarter of this year were estimated in the February 28th Wall Street Journal to be among the highest in history.
(7) In short, at a time when they could be exploring how more efficiency and better prices could be obtained, reducing prices in this industry in recognition of lower costs, their unusually good labor contract, their foreign competition and their increase in production and profits which are coming this year, a few gigantic corporations have decided to increase prices in ruthless disregard of their public responsibilities…
(8)…Some time ago I asked each American to consider what he would do for his country and I asked the steel companies. In the last 24 hours, we had their answer.
Kennedy’s primary purpose in this speech is to (3 points)
rally the audience to boycott steel companies
condemn the companies that raised steel prices
argue for greater sacrifice from the audience
convince the steel union to stage an employee strike
provide a call to action for the audience listening
Question 7
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following excerpt is from a news conference given by President Kennedy in 1962.
(1) Simultaneous and identical actions of United States Steel and other leading steel corporations, increasing steel prices by some six dollars a ton, constitute a wholly unjustifiable and irresponsible defiance of the public interest.
(2) In this serious hour in our nation’s history, when we are confronted with grave crises in Berlin and Southeast Asia, when we are devoting our energies to economic recovery and stability, when we are asking Reservists to leave their homes and families for months on end, and servicemen to risk their lives — and four were killed in the last two days in Viet Nam — and asking union members to hold down their wage requests, at a time when restraint and sacrifice are being asked of every citizen, the American people will find it hard, as I do, to accept a situation in which a tiny handful of steel executives whose pursuit of private power and profit exceeds their sense of public responsibility can show such utter contempt for the interests of 185 million Americans.
(3) If this rise in the cost of steel is imitated by the rest of the industry, instead of rescinded, it would increase the cost of homes, autos, appliances, and most other items for every American family. It would increase the cost of machinery and tools to every American businessman and farmer. It would seriously handicap our efforts to prevent an inflationary spiral from eating up the pensions of our older citizens, and our new gains in purchasing power.
(4) It would add, Secretary McNamara informed me this morning, an estimated one billion dollars to the cost of our defenses, at a time when every dollar is needed for national security and other purposes. It would make it more difficult for American goods to compete in foreign markets, more difficult to withstand competition from foreign imports, and thus more difficult to improve our balance of payments position, and stem the flow of gold. And it is necessary to stem it for our national security, if we are going to pay for our security commitments abroad. And it would surely handicap our efforts to induce other industries and unions to adopt responsible price and wage policies.
(5) The facts of the matter are that there is no justification for an increase in the steel prices. The recent settlement between the industry and the union, which does not even take place until July 1st, was widely acknowledged to be non-inflationary, and the whole purpose and effect of this Administration’s role, which both parties understood, was to achieve an agreement which would make unnecessary any increase in prices…
(6) The cost of major raw materials, steel scrap and coal, has been declining, and for an industry which has been generally operating at less than two-thirds of capacity, its profit rate has been normal and can be expected to rise sharply this year in view of the reduction in idle capacity. Their lot has been easier than that of a hundred thousand steel workers thrown out of work in the last three years. The industry’s cash dividends have exceeded 600 million dollars in each of the last five years, and earnings in the first quarter of this year were estimated in the February 28th Wall Street Journal to be among the highest in history.
(7) In short, at a time when they could be exploring how more efficiency and better prices could be obtained, reducing prices in this industry in recognition of lower costs, their unusually good labor contract, their foreign competition and their increase in production and profits which are coming this year, a few gigantic corporations have decided to increase prices in ruthless disregard of their public responsibilities…
(8)…Some time ago I asked each American to consider what he would do for his country and I asked the steel companies. In the last 24 hours, we had their answer.
The use of the pronoun “we” in the final sentence of this excerpt (“…we had their answer.”) (3 points)
clarifies that Kennedy is speaking about executives, not steel company workers
identifies the group of Americans making the greatest sacrifice during this time
establishes Kennedy’s authority over American people and their corporations
unites Kennedy with the everyday Americans to whom he is speaking
reiterates the sacrifices that American industry is making at the moment
Question 8
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following is taken from a passage written by the famed naturalist, John Muir.
(1) The immortal Linnaeus—Carl von Linné—was born in Sweden, a cold rocky country now famous forever. (2) He was born in the bloom-time of the year, May 13th, 1707; and in pondering the significance of his birth, one might stop to give thanks and reflect on the wonderful inspiration his life would come to serve.
(3) Whether descended from sea-kings and pirates as is most likely, or from fighting Normans or goths, matters not; for he was a lover sent of God to revive and cheer and bless all mankind. (4) And this he did in spite of crushing poverty, and all the black brood of disappointments and discouragements that ever beset the onway of genius. (5) His parents were as poor and pious as the parents of great men usually are. (6) He was a naturalist from his birth, and reveled in the bloom of the fields and gardens about his native village of Rashult as naturally as a bee. (7) By his steady, slow-going neighbors, he was looked on as one possessed.
(8) His father, a minister, naturally wished his son to follow in his footsteps, and so he pinched pennies and saved money to send young Carl to school with this end in view. (9) But the studies leading to the ministry did not interest the lad, and like other divine boys he was called a dunce. (10) Accordingly, when his father visited the school and anxiously inquired how Carl was getting on, he was bluntly told that the boy was dull, had no brains, and could never be made into a minister or scholar of any kind. (11) Under these dark circumstances, the best advice the schoolmaster was able to offer the discouraged father was to take away his boy and make a tailor or a shoemaker of him.
(12) Yet this was the boy who was to do the most of all for many generations to open men’s eyes to see the beauty of God’s gardens and the creatures that enliven them.
Which version of the
underlined
text in sentence 8 (reproduced below) best matches the tone and style of the passage?
His father, a minister, naturally wished his son to follow in his footsteps,
and so he pinched pennies
to send young Carl to school with this end in view. (3 points)
and despite some reluctance, saved his money
and under duress from his wife and son saved money
(as it is now)
and with commendable self-denial saved money
and agreed to save the family’s surplus money
Question 9
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following excerpt is from a news conference given by President Kennedy in 1962.
(1) Simultaneous and identical actions of United States Steel and other leading steel corporations, increasing steel prices by some six dollars a ton, constitute a wholly unjustifiable and irresponsible defiance of the public interest.
(2) In this serious hour in our nation’s history, when we are confronted with grave crises in Berlin and Southeast Asia, when we are devoting our energies to economic recovery and stability, when we are asking Reservists to leave their homes and families for months on end, and servicemen to risk their lives — and four were killed in the last two days in Viet Nam — and asking union members to hold down their wage requests, at a time when restraint and sacrifice are being asked of every citizen, the American people will find it hard, as I do, to accept a situation in which a tiny handful of steel executives whose pursuit of private power and profit exceeds their sense of public responsibility can show such utter contempt for the interests of 185 million Americans.
(3) If this rise in the cost of steel is imitated by the rest of the industry, instead of rescinded, it would increase the cost of homes, autos, appliances, and most other items for every American family. It would increase the cost of machinery and tools to every American businessman and farmer. It would seriously handicap our efforts to prevent an inflationary spiral from eating up the pensions of our older citizens, and our new gains in purchasing power.
(4) It would add, Secretary McNamara informed me this morning, an estimated one billion dollars to the cost of our defenses, at a time when every dollar is needed for national security and other purposes. It would make it more difficult for American goods to compete in foreign markets, more difficult to withstand competition from foreign imports, and thus more difficult to improve our balance of payments position, and stem the flow of gold. And it is necessary to stem it for our national security, if we are going to pay for our security commitments abroad. And it would surely handicap our efforts to induce other industries and unions to adopt responsible price and wage policies.
(5) The facts of the matter are that there is no justification for an increase in the steel prices. The recent settlement between the industry and the union, which does not even take place until July 1st, was widely acknowledged to be non-inflationary, and the whole purpose and effect of this Administration’s role, which both parties understood, was to achieve an agreement which would make unnecessary any increase in prices…
(6) The cost of major raw materials, steel scrap and coal, has been declining, and for an industry which has been generally operating at less than two-thirds of capacity, its profit rate has been normal and can be expected to rise sharply this year in view of the reduction in idle capacity. Their lot has been easier than that of a hundred thousand steel workers thrown out of work in the last three years. The industry’s cash dividends have exceeded 600 million dollars in each of the last five years, and earnings in the first quarter of this year were estimated in the February 28th Wall Street Journal to be among the highest in history.
(7) In short, at a time when they could be exploring how more efficiency and better prices could be obtained, reducing prices in this industry in recognition of lower costs, their unusually good labor contract, their foreign competition and their increase in production and profits which are coming this year, a few gigantic corporations have decided to increase prices in ruthless disregard of their public responsibilities…
(8)…Some time ago I asked each American to consider what he would do for his country and I asked the steel companies. In the last 24 hours, we had their answer.
The rhetorical purpose of the second half of paragraph two (“American people will find it hard…for the interest of 185 million Americans”) is to (3 points)
identify further the sacrifices that will result from the elevated steel prices
unite Americans in their mission to boycott the steel industry and its products
isolate the greedy steel executives from the hardworking everyday Americans
condemn the entire steel industry and its workers on behalf of the American public
reiterate that the steel industry is to blame for the recession and necessary sacrifices
Question 10
Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answer.
The following is taken from a passage written by the famed naturalist, John Muir.
(1) The immortal Linnaeus—Carl von Linné—was born in Sweden, a cold rocky country now famous forever. (2) He was born in the bloom-time of the year, May 13th, 1707; and in pondering the significance of his birth, one might stop to give thanks and reflect on the wonderful inspiration his life would come to serve.
(3) Whether descended from sea-kings and pirates as is most likely, or from fighting Normans or goths, matters not; for he was a lover sent of God to revive and cheer and bless all mankind. (4) And this he did in spite of crushing poverty, and all the black brood of disappointments and discouragements that ever beset the onway of genius. (5) His parents were as poor and pious as the parents of great men usually are. (6) He was a naturalist from his birth, and reveled in the bloom of the fields and gardens about his native village of Rashult as naturally as a bee. (7) By his steady, slow-going neighbors, he was looked on as one possessed.
(8) His father, a minister, naturally wished his son to follow in his footsteps, and so he pinched pennies and saved money to send young Carl to school with this end in view. (9) But the studies leading to the ministry did not interest the lad, and like other divine boys he was called a dunce. (10) Accordingly, when his father visited the school and anxiously inquired how Carl was getting on, he was bluntly told that the boy was dull, had no brains, and could never be made into a minister or scholar of any kind. (11) Under these dark circumstances, the best advice the schoolmaster was able to offer the discouraged father was to take away his boy and make a tailor or a shoemaker of him.
(12) Yet this was the boy who was to do the most of all for many generations to open men’s eyes to see the beauty of God’s gardens and the creatures that enliven them.
The writer is considering deleting the underlined clause in sentence 3 (reproduced below) and adjusting the punctuation as necessary.
Whether descended from sea-kings and pirates as is most likely, or from fighting Normans or goths, matters not; for
he was a lover sent of God to revive and cheer and bless all mankind.
Should the writer keep or delete the
underlined
text? (3 points)
Keep it, because it provides useful information which sheds light on the path Linnaeus would choose later in life.
Delete it, because it interferes with the flow of the paragraph by introducing information that is irrelevant.
Keep it, because without this information the audience will not fully understand the rest of the passage.
Keep it, because it provides imagery that appeals to the audience and enriches the story of Linnaeus’s culture and upbringing.
Delete it, because it contradicts the writer’s view of Linnaeus, which will be developed later in the passage.

Asked by naishamarichal
Exercise 2: “They Say / I Say”
In the Introduction to “They Say / I Say”: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein provide templates designed to structure ones writing and stimulate critical ideas crucial for college writing. Specifically, Graff and Birkenstein argue that the types of writing templates they offer, offer a way of expressing ones idea in response to a problem, person, or group. As the authors themselves put it, “…academic writing is argumentative writing, and we believe that to argue well you need to do more than assure your own position.” Although some people believe that formulaic writing can make the writer lose his/her creativity, Graff and Birkenstein insist that most talent and/or creativity arises from “established patterns and structures” and the formulas do not dictate the content of the work, but they dictate the format of ones writing. In sum, then, their view is that the formulas provided in the book, will help students structure their writing and understand the process of argumentative writing by stating a problem and asserting a position.
I agree. In my view, the types of templates that the author recommends provide one with a format for argumentative writing and stimulates critical ideas for assuring ones position on a problem. For instance, the “they say ________; I say _________” formula provides a pre-made format to state ones position in response to a problem/person/group. In addition, these formulas can make the transition to argumentative writing easier, and once mastered, can become automatic to a student’s writing style. Some might object, of course, on the grounds that these pre-fabricated formulas  take away from student’s creativity and create a sort of “robotic” writing within the classroom. Yet I would argue that these formulas provide only structure and not content, to ones writing. Overall, I believe that a writer can add their creativeness through the content of the work and still manage to use the formulas for structure –an important point to make given “even the most creative forms of expression depend on established patterns and structures”.

Part A: Which statement best expresses the central idea of the text?
Jonathan Edwards doesn’t agree with God’s forgiving nature towards sinners, as he continues to keep them out of Hell.
Jonathan Edwards supports the ideas conveyed in religious texts that claim that anyone can be spared from Hell, no matter their sins.
Jonathan Edwards believes that God, angered by sinners’ actions, subjectively controls their fate and eventual bleak end.
Jonathan Edwards fears for himself and others, as it’s difficult to predict what will anger God and incite his wrath.
_____ 2. Part B: Which detail from the text best supports the answer to Part A?
“The use of this awful subject may be for awakening unconverted persons in this congregation. This that you have heard is the case of every one of you that are out of Christ.” (Paragraph 2)
“There are the black clouds of God’s wrath now hanging directly over your heads, full of the dreadful storm, and big with thunder; and were it not for the restraining hand of God, it would immediately burst forth upon you.” (Paragraph 4)
“The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher, till an outlet is given” (Paragraph 5)
“and you have no interest in any Mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done” (Paragraph 8).

Image transcription text
Air Castles by Juan F. Salazar My life’s tomorrow beckons me From distant mountains, high and low, My future seems a boundless sea, Where moving passions come and go. Deep in my heart Ambition dwells; He cheers me up the highland way, And guides me through the hills and dells Wherein I pass the busy day. I cannot write with Shakespeare’s’ pen, But I can love with Shakespeare’s heart. I love his skill, his craft of men, His mastery of poet’s art. I do not care for fame, as he, Enthroned, was like unto a god; The depths he reached are dark to me, But I will grope the ways he trod. I wear achievement’s coronet, For blest are they who see things done! And all my cares I soon forget When I have wrought my work alone. If I be met by adverse Fate, And all my dreams be but in vain, Then must I work the harder yet With high resolve to try again.3
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QUESTIONS
1. What do you think does the title “Air Castle” refers to? Explain using example from the poem.
2. What does the speaker in the poem think of the future?
3. How does the speaker feel about Shakespeare? Do you also admire a particular literary writer? Who is he/she? Why do you admire him/her?
4. Which among the speaker’s ideas do you agree with? How do you think does this poem relates to a students like you?
5. In two sentences, summarize the meaning of the last stanza.

(1) The earliest example of American disobedience is the rebellion over the Stamp Act. The American people were furious with the British for enacting the Stamp Act, the first direct tax on the colonies after a period of neglect. (2) The colonists revolted, organizing protests, signing petitions, and declaring, “No taxation without representation” and got the Stamp Act repealed. (3) However it was only with disobedience on the part of the colonists that the British decided to repeal the Stamp Act. (4) Otherwise, it would have set a precedent for the British to continue directly taxing the colonists. (5) Eventually the colonists became fed up with being colonies and launched future acts of disobedience to gain independence.
Which version of sentence 5 best develops the relationship between the Stamp Act and other American acts of rebellion which followed? (5 points)
As it is now
Eventually the colonists became fed up with being colonies and launched their next act of disobedience; the American Revolution, which led to independence.
The Declaration of Independence, which came next, included the Stamp Act in its list of 27 grievances.
The Stamp Act was included in the grievances later listed in the Declaration of Independence, which led to the American Revolution, another act of disobedience.

Part 2 –
Fahrenheit 451
by Ray Bradbury – The Sieve and the Sand
1. In the scene where Mildred and Montag read books together, what are their separate reactions?
2. What is the effect throughout sections I and II, of the bombers flying over?
3. Montag’s reaction to the commercial on the subway is a turning point in his life. How does he react and why?

Tutors, read the passage below and then answer the following questions.
Act 1, Scene 4 from
King Lear
LEAR: Woe that too late repents!—O, sir, are you come?
Is it your will? Speak, sir!—Prepare me horses.
Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend,
More hideous when thou show’st thee in a child
Than the sea-monster!
ALBANY: Pray, sir, be patient.
LEAR: [
to Goneril
] Detested kite, thou liest!
My train are men of choice and rarest parts,
That all particulars of duty know
And in the most exact regard support
The worships of their name.—O most small fault,
How ugly didst thou in Cordelia show!
Which, like an engine, wrench’d my frame of nature
From the fix’d place; drew from my heart all love
And added to the gall. O Lear, Lear, Lear!
Beat at this gate that let thy folly in [
Strikes his head.
]
And thy dear judgment out! Go, go, my people.
ALBANY: My lord, I am guiltless, as I am ignorant
Of what hath mov’d you.
LEAR: It may be so, my lord.
Hear, Nature, hear! dear goddess, hear!
Suspend thy purpose, if thou didst intend
To make this creature fruitful.
Into her womb convey sterility;
Dry up in her the organs of increase;
And from her derogate body never spring
A babe to honour her! If she must teem,
Create her child of spleen, that it may live
And be a thwart disnatur’d torment to her.
Let it stamp wrinkles in her brow of youth,
With cadent tears fret channels in her cheeks,
Turn all her mother’s pains and benefits
To laughter and contempt, that she may feel
How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is
To have a thankless child! Away, away! Exit.
ALBANY: Now, gods that we adore, whereof comes this?
GONERIL: Never afflict yourself to know the cause;
But let his disposition have that scope
That dotage gives it.
1.)      In this passage from
King Lear
, Goneril’s character can best be defined as a
?      A.flat antagonist.
?      B.flat protagonist.
?      C.round antagonist.
?      D.round protagonist.
?      E.stock character.
2.)      How does Lear’s diction in the following lines help create his voice?
“Ingratitude, thou marble-hearted fiend,
More hideous when thou show’st thee in a child
Than the sea-monster!”
?      A.It shows that Lear is constantly listening to no one but himself.
?      B.It highlights that Lear prefers to communicate by insulting others.
?      C.It demonstrates a deep contrast in Lear’s actions versus his thoughts.
?      D.It indicates that Lear is not used to having his power taken from him.
3.)      How do Goneril’s actions in this passage develop a theme?
?      A.Her actions develop the theme of betrayal by highlighting how she has betrayed Lear.
?      B.Her actions develop the theme of power by showing that her husband is more powerful.
?      C.Her actions develop the theme of loyalty by demonstrating that she is loyal to Albany only.
?      D.Her actions develop the theme of justice by revealing the justice that is being served to Lear.
?      E.Her actions develop the theme of compassion by portraying her as the most compassionate daughter.
4.) Which statement best describes how the motif of nature develops a theme in the passage?
?      A.The motif of nature develops the theme of truth because Lear counts on nature telling him the truth.
?      B.The motif of nature develops the theme of betrayal because neither Lear nor his family can trust nature.
?      C.The motif of nature develops the theme of justice because Lear pleads with nature to serve justice to Goneril.
?      D.The motif of nature develops the theme of power because nature is shown to be more powerful than humans.
?      E.The motif of nature develops the theme of compassion because nature comforts Lear in the midst of his woes.
5.)      How do the following lines by Lear develop a complex theme in
King Lear
?
“O most small fault,
How ugly didst thou in Cordelia show!
Which, like an engine, wrench’d my frame of nature
From the fix’d place; drew from my heart all love
And added to the gall.”
?      A.They develop the theme of power by highlighting how Lear now lacks any power over his daughters.
?      B.They develop the theme of loyalty by revealing that Lear now believes all his daughters are disloyal.
?      C.They develop the theme of justice by demonstrating that Cordelia’s banishment was fair and deserved.
?      D.They develop the theme of truth by illustrating that Lear still cannot comprehend his daughters’ motives.
?      E.They develop the theme of betrayal by showing Lear beginning to understand how he has wronged Cordelia.
6.) Which statement best describes how the imagery of Lear’s speech to Goneril affects the tone in this passage?
?      A.The imagery is fanciful, creating a playful tone.
?      B.The imagery is shocking, creating a startled tone.
?      C.The imagery is frightening, creating a spooky tone.
?      D.The imagery is contradictory, creating a confused tone.
?      E.The imagery is revolting, creating an uncomfortable tone.
7.)      Which statement best describes Shakespeare choice of words in the passage?
?      A.Shakespeare’s diction portrays Lear as someone who cannot see his own mistakes.
?      B.Shakespeare’s diction conveys Lear’s disappointment over losing his power to Albany.
?      C.Shakespeare’s diction demonstrates Lear’s rage over his sense of betrayal by his daughters.
?      D.Shakespeare’s diction shows Lear’s determination to get revenge on Goneril for her actions.
?      E.Shakespeare’s diction illuminates the close but fractured relationship between Lear and Goneril.

DIRECTIONS: Answer these questions about “The Song of the Mud” and “Dulce et Decorum Est.” Answer in complete sentences.
What diction has a strong impact in “The Song of the Mud”?
How does the title “The Song of the Mud” employ irony?
How does this diction and irony relate to a theme Borden develops about war?
What diction in “Dulce et Decorum Est” suggests the opposite of sweetness?
How does the phrase “ecstasy of fumbling” in line 9 of “Dulce et Decorum Est” show irony?
How does this diction and irony relate to a theme Owen develops about war?

lease read the following question and then after answer the questions, please.
Excerpt from
The Awakening
by Kate Chopin
Victor, with hammer and nails and scraps of scantling, was patching a corner of one of the galleries. Mariequita sat near by, dangling her legs, watching him work, and handing him nails from the tool-box. The sun was beating down upon them. The girl had covered her head with her apron folded into a square pad. They had been talking for an hour or more. She was never tired of hearing Victor describe the dinner at Mrs. Pontellier’s. He exaggerated every detail, making it appear a veritable Lucullean feast. The flowers were in tubs, he said. The champagne was quaffed from huge golden goblets. Venus rising from the foam could have presented no more entrancing a spectacle than Mrs. Pontellier, blazing with beauty and diamonds at the head of the board, while the other women were all of them youthful houris, possessed of incomparable charms. She got it into her head that Victor was in love with Mrs. Pontellier, and he gave her evasive answers, framed so as to confirm her belief. She grew sullen and cried a little, threatening to go off and leave him to his fine ladies. There were a dozen men crazy about her at the Cheniere; and since it was the fashion to be in love with married people, why, she could run away any time she liked to New Orleans with Celina’s husband.
Celina’s husband was a fool, a coward, and a pig, and to prove it to her, Victor intended to hammer his head into a jelly the next time he encountered him. This assurance was very consoling to Mariequita. She dried her eyes, and grew cheerful at the prospect.
They were still talking of the dinner and the allurements of city life when Mrs. Pontellier herself slipped around the corner of the house. The two youngsters stayed dumb with amazement before what they considered to be an apparition. But it was really she in flesh and blood, looking tired and a little travel-stained.
“I walked up from the wharf,” she said, “and heard the hammering. I supposed it was you, mending the porch. It’s a good thing. I was always tripping over those loose planks last summer. How dreary and deserted everything looks!”
It took Victor some little time to comprehend that she had come in Beaudelet’s lugger, that she had come alone, and for no purpose but to rest.
“There’s nothing fixed up yet, you see. I’ll give you my room; it’s the only place.”
“Any corner will do,” she assured him.
“And if you can stand Philomel’s cooking,” he went on, “though I might try to get her mother while you are here. Do you think she would come?” turning to Mariequita.
Mariequita thought that perhaps Philomel’s mother might come for a few days, and money enough.
Beholding Mrs. Pontellier make her appearance, the girl had at once suspected a lovers’ rendezvous. But Victor’s astonishment was so genuine, and Mrs. Pontellier’s indifference so apparent, that the disturbing notion did not lodge long in her brain. She contemplated with the greatest interest this woman who gave the most sumptuous dinners in America, and who had all the men in New Orleans at her feet.
“What time will you have dinner?” asked Edna. “I’m very hungry; but don’t get anything extra.”
“I’ll have it ready in little or no time,” he said, bustling and packing away his tools. “You may go to my room to brush up and rest yourself. Mariequita will show you.”
“Thank you,” said Edna. “But, do you know, I have a notion to go down to the beach and take a good wash and even a little swim, before dinner?”
“The water is too cold!” they both exclaimed. “Don’t think of it.”
“Well, I might go down and try—dip my toes in. Why, it seems to me the sun is hot enough to have warmed the very depths of the ocean. Could you get me a couple of towels? I’d better go right away, so as to be back in time. It would be a little too chilly if I waited till this afternoon.”
Mariequita ran over to Victor’s room, and returned with some towels, which she gave to Edna.
“I hope you have fish for dinner,” said Edna, as she started to walk away; “but don’t do anything extra if you haven’t.”
“Run and find Philomel’s mother,” Victor instructed the girl. “I’ll go to the kitchen and see what I can do. By Gimminy! Women have no consideration! She might have sent me word.”
Edna walked on down to the beach rather mechanically, not noticing anything special except that the sun was hot. She was not dwelling upon any particular train of thought. She had done all the thinking which was necessary after Robert went away, when she lay awake upon the sofa till morning.
She had said over and over to herself: “To-day it is Arobin; to-morrow it will be some one else. It makes no difference to me, it doesn’t matter about Leonce Pontellier—but Raoul and Etienne!” She understood now clearly what she had meant long ago when she said to Adele Ratignolle that she would give up the unessential, but she would never sacrifice herself for her children.
Despondency had come upon her there in the wakeful night, and had never lifted. There was no one thing in the world that she desired. There was no human being whom she wanted near her except Robert; and she even realized that the day would come when he, too, and the thought of him would melt out of her existence, leaving her alone. The children appeared before her like antagonists who had overcome her; who had overpowered and sought to drag her into the soul’s slavery for the rest of her days. But she knew a way to elude them. She was not thinking of these things when she walked down to the beach.
The water of the Gulf stretched out before her, gleaming with the million lights of the sun. The voice of the sea is seductive, never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander in abysses of solitude. All along the white beach, up and down, there was no living thing in sight. A bird with a broken wing was beating the air above, reeling, fluttering, circling disabled down, down to the water.
Edna had found her old bathing suit still hanging, faded, upon its accustomed peg.
She put it on, leaving her clothing in the bath-house. But