Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Discussion Activity 5:
 
ELECTORAL COLLEGE (20 points)

You will participate in a class discussion on whether to abolish the Electoral College. During this activity, you will have the opportunity to research and present arguments in favor of maintaining our current system of electing our president 
or
 abolishing the Electoral College altogether. In addition, you will explain what position you support and any changes you would make to the Electoral College, if any.

You may want to begin your research with 
“The Pro’s and Con’s of the Electoral College System”
.

Also, see 
The Library of Congress’ Website
 and search the current Congress for any amendments introduced to abolish the Electoral College. Also, the National Archives has a wealth of information on the Electoral College. You may go to their website at 
The National Archives

You may use course materials, the Internet, or any other references for your research.

After you complete your research, you will go to the Discussion Forum, “The Monocle,” and share your arguments for or against the Electoral College with your classmates. 
Note: 
You only need to present two supporting 
or
 two opposing arguments. Choose a side.

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After you present your arguments, you will share your opinion on whether we should keep the current system, modify it, or simply abolish the Electoral College and base presidential elections on the popular vote. Your response should be no more than two (2) paragraphs in length. At the conclusion of the statement, 
please provide your reference(s).

ELECTORAL COLLEGE Discussion Activity 6
:
ROLE-PLAY AS HOUSE OR SENATE PARTY OFFICER

Discussion Activity 6
: ROLE-PLAY AS HOUSE OR SENATE PARTY OFFICER (20 POINTS)

Select and research a current party officer/leader and role-play as that party officer/leader during an online discussion. 
You will chose to role-play as one of the following party officers in the House or Senate
:

Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives

House or Senate Majority Leader

House or Senate Minority Leader

House or Senate Majority Whips

House or Senate Minority Whips.

You can get information about a party officer
 in the 
U.S. House of Representatives
 
website, click on 
Leadership Offices
 and choose your House party officer. If you wish to write on a 
Senate party officer 
go the website, click on 
Senators
, then 
Leadership
 and choose your party officer. Please review the appropriate lessons in the course about responsibilities for the specific responsibilities of the House and Senate party leaders.

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In the Discussion Forum , “The Monocle,”
 introduce yourself as a current party officer and share with other students’ information about the party officer – -biographical information, issues of concern to the party officer, and responsibilities of their leadership position. 
Please note the reference(s) you used in preparing your posting at the end of your posting.
 
Your posted response must be no longer than two paragraphs!

Discussion Activity
 7
:
FEDERAL LEGISLATION

Cultural Diversity and Multiculturalism Essay Example

For this cultural diversity and multiculturalism essay example assignment, propose a scenario where you or someone you know are confronted with a moral dilemma relating to cultural diversity and multiculturalism. It cannot be the same as what was covered in the week one discussion.

Cultural diversity refers to religious, sexual, racial, and other forms of social difference. A moral dilemma is a situation in which one must make a decision between two or more options such that the options involve seemingly ethical and/or unethical conduct. Address the following questions:

What was the situation? What did the dilemma involve?

What would a subjective moral relativist say is the right approach to the dilemma? Why would that kind of relativist say that?

What would a cultural relativist say is the right approach to the dilemma? Why would that kind of relativist say that? Is that approach correct?

What did you or the person confronting the dilemma decide to do? What moral justification did you or they give? Is that approach morally correct?

Was there an objective moral truth (the objectively right thing to do) in this situation? Why or why not?

Remember, the dilemma should be detailed with description and dialogue. Regard the questions as requirements. This is an essay, so rather than simply providing a list of brief answers to questions, provide an in-depth reflection regarding a difficult ethical situation.

 

Cultural Diversity and Multiculturalism Essay Example

Cultural Diversity (Moral Dilemma Relating To Cultural Diversity and Multiculturalism)

Nursing practice experiences diverse ethical and moral dilemmas. According to Green (2020), a moral dilemma can be regarded as a situation whereby the affected person or decision maker is divided or has to contemplate between two or more benefits vs duty. On the other hand, cultural diversity is the sexual, racial, and religious among other forms of social differences that exist between people. This cultural diversity and multiculturalism essay example paper discusses an experienced mora dilemma relating to cultural diversity and multiculturalism.

As a volunteer, I have encountered different people with diverse cultural identities. In one experience I came across a young woman who was rescued from an African community that practiced female gentle mutilation FGM among young school-going children. Critically thinking about the case, the moral dilemma concerning cultural diversity resulted in tension between human rights advocates and cultural relativisms (Oppong, 2019). Focusing on the scenario, while it was the communities culture, the FGM practice was against human rights.

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Based on subjective relativism which is founded on the claims that, morality is relative to a person, and that one can decide on what is right or wrong in their view. Based on this view, moral judgment, and values are founded subject to person or culture, hence no universally acceptable moral standards that apply to all people or cultures. Regarding the case scenario, the subjective moral relativist would be against the practice of FGM as against human rights.

In the context of cultural relativism, it would be argued that each culture is unique and is made of a definite set of practices and beliefs and in turn should be respected and protected even when they differ from others. however, regarding the case, universal human rights advocates fundamental freedom and rights to be inherent to all people regardless of their cultural foundations (Green, 2020). From a cultural point of view, or relativist perspective, the FGM practice may be viewed as an integral identity of a defined community and should in turn be protected.

In the case presented, the person confronted adopted for saving the young girl from FGM practice which was viewed as a violation of her right. The action taken was morally correct on the basis that, it protected the affected individual from possible human-violating acts which would jeopardize her health. The action to save the girl was founded on the case of FGM being a threat to the concerned person’s health and overall well-being. On the other hand, the decision was aligned with the practice being against the girl’s wish, hence a violation of fundamental human rights. Balancing cultural diversity with promotion and respect for human rights requires critical and thoughtful considerations. It frequently entails having conversations about cultural customs, spreading knowledge, advancing education, and pursuing culturally sensitive solutions that uphold human rights and promote a more inclusive and fair society (Oppong, 2019) cultural diversity and multiculturalism essay example.

References

Green, A. (2020). Interaction Goals Influence Our View of the World: Mode of Interaction Effects on Moral Truth Perceptions (Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale).

Oppong, S. (2019). When the ethical is unethical, and the unethical is ethical: Cultural Relativism in Ethical Decision-Making. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 18-28. Retrieved from:
https://journals.pan.pl/Content/109945/PDF/PPB+1-19+3-Oppong.pdf
 cultural diversity and multiculturalism essay example

FEDERAL LEGISLATION Discussion

Discussion Activity
 7
: FEDERAL LEGISLATION (20 POINTS)

You are to use 
Congress Official Site
 to obtain a copy of a piece of legislation (bill) before the current Congress.  You will be in the current Congress. Click on the link on Current Congress. Enter a word or phrase in the Word/Phrase section such as homeland security, energy, Medicare reform, prescription drugs, Iran, etc.

Select a bill of your choice. Click on
 Summary or Text.   
 Then click on
 Actions
 on the bill which includes sponsor, title, and status of bill (where bill is in the Congress or if the President has signed the bill into law) and copy (CTR C) and paste (CTL V) the link as your reference.  If you learn that your bill has passed the House or Senate, you can go click on 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
, and read the debate on the bill on the floor of the House or Senate.

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In the Discussion Forum, “The Monocle,”
 you will identify a piece of Federal legislation by number on bill and author/sponsor, and provide a short title and summary of your bill. State whether you would support the legislation if you had an opportunity to vote on it in the U. S. Congress and explain why. Your posted response must be 
no longer
 
than two or three paragr
aphs.
 After you post your essay, then provide
 
a short comment on a classmates’ legislation,
i.e., as a member of Congress would you vote “yes” or “nay” on the bill and and briefly explain why. Your comment need only be a few sentences in length FEDERAL LEGISLATION Discussion. 
Please note the reference(s) you used in preparing your posting at the end of your posting
. You must post your summary of the bill, how you would vote on your selected piece of federal legislation as well as your comment on another classmates’ bill.

Discussion Activity
 
8:
 
EVALUATION OF CURRENT PRESIDENT IN ROLES PLAYED BY A MODERN PRESIDENT

FEDERAL LEGISLATION Discussion

Moral controversy on abortion Essay

Moral Controversy on Abortion

Introduction

           
Abortion is one of the most contentious topics in biomedical ethics today, both within and outside the field. Greasley (2017) notes that when the contentious abortion medication RU-486 was released, the debate gained new momentum. RU-486 is “a pill to increase access to abortions and let women get them privately from their doctor instead of facing shouting protesters at clinics” (Derksen, n.d). As it happens with other controversial issues, some passionate people have taken sides on this controversial topic.   However, the debate on this topic should be illuminated by reason rather than rhetoric. In this paper, I will evaluate the positions of an ethical egoist and social contract ethicist on this matter. Also, I will conclude the paper by discussing a professional code of ethics on abortion.

Proponents

           
Those who support abortion have their reasons to fight for this morally controversial topic across the world. The supporters of this act argue that restricting and criminalizing abortion prevent healthcare providers from delivery quality healthcare services. The restrictive and criminalization laws on abortion make the doctors to be unable to effectively perform their job and to offer the patients best care options based on professional ethical responsibilities and appropriate medical practice.

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Also, supporters of abortion perceive those who fight against abortion as catalysts for stigmatization, since it appears to them as a form of discrimination.  They argue that the denial of healthcare services is a form of discrimination because only particular persons have access to reproductive health services. Additionally, stigma associated with gender stereotyping and abortion is closely connected to criminalization of abortion. Thus, perception of abortion as immoral or unlawful leads to increased stigmatization of girl and omen by family members, health care staff, judiciary among others.

Further, the supporters of abortion argue that accessing to safe abortion is a human right concern. According to International human rights law, every individual is entitled to right to life, a rig to be free from discrimination, violence, degrading and inhuman treatment. Human rights clearly indicate the essence of individuality in making decisions about your body – privacy and bodily autonomy (Hogg, 2018). Therefore, it is violation of human rights to force person to keep an unwanted pregnancy, or compelling them to access unsafe abortion. Therefore, according to pro-abortion debaters, establishing social and gender equity and defending the human rights of women, girls, and others who are capable of getting pregnant are inextricably related to the availability of abortion services.

Opponents

           
As quoted by Graham (2022), in one of articles on the New York Times’ website, one of opposers of abortion says, “I just reject the idea that as a woman I need abortion to be successful or to be as thriving as a man in my career.” Opponents of abortion believes this is act is the same as murder because life stats at conception.

Also, opponents perceive abortion as an avenue of creating a culture that understands life as disposable. So, increased access to health insurance, birth control, and sexual education will contribute in making abortion unnecessary.

 

Ethical Egoism

Ethical Egoist Position on Topic

According to ethical egoism, an individual will always act from a perspective that is aligned with their own personal interest. This theory stresses the way that individuals should act. Thus, it does not focus on any moral duty that people have. Instead, it emphasizes people should act to serve their interests. Thus, this theory promotes the fulfillment of personal interests.

 

Ethical Egoist Approach and Side on Topic

In the United States, abortion became legal in 1973 but was yet to be ethical. Thus, an ethical egoist will perceive this issue with the intention of maximizing the self-interest of the individual. This theory promotes a sense of private morality, which situates the ethical decision regarding abortion in a place where individual wants to fulfill their interests. Therefore, an ethical egoist will say regarding this topic based on how they feel or want.

The ethical egoist seems to be opposed to the universalist and Kantian schools of thought. Thus, the ethical egoist would direct this debate towards letting those who are against abortion never have an abortion. Considerably, killing in self-defense is considered justified. From this point of view, it will be easy for an ethical egoist to justify a consideration of abortion to self-interest, for instance, in the case of an ectopic pregnancy.

Egoist Justification for Position

Egoists will evaluate any moral decision based on the advantage that it has for the self. Ethical egoists strongly believe that people are responsible for their own well-being and happiness. Thus, people have the moral obligation to look out for themselves. The justification of their moral position will be based on the claim that as long as the action to be performed maximizes their self-interest, they will be considered morally upright (Rachels & Rachels, 2012).

Conflict between Loyalty to Self versus Community

The conflict between loyalty to community and self is relevant to this topic because ethical egoist may consider their self-interests over those of their community. Ethical egoism makes self-interest to be all-important. It contributes to a violation of core moral beliefs, such that it cannot allow the existence of moral rights within the community. Thus, thinking about themselves (ethical egoists) in the first place will cultivate more loyalty to self-interests and less loyalty to the community or interests of others.

 
My Position

By looking closely at how ethical egoism approaches this debate, a number of limitations can be identified, considering the establishment of ethical principles. In particular, abortion can be viewed as a “justified form of murder.” This makes the debate on abortion to be drawn into questions of religion and law. Abortion involves ending the life of a future individual, which relates to “killing for self-defense” (Pascoe, 2019). The fundamental logical justification for killing for self-defense can be used in acceptance of abortion in instances when the mother’s life is at threat due to the pregnancy.

After exploring what ethical egoists can say or act, my position on this debate will be guided by the Kantian school of thought. Kant proposed two practical reason tenets:

Act in a way that the universal law can adopt your activity’s main principle (generic action).

A deed can only be right, in accordance with universal law, if it can coexist with every man’s freedom to free choice.

Moral controversy on abortion Essay

Emmanuel Kant shows that humans have particular duties towards one another since they are rational beings. These duties can be perfect or imperfect. Thus, duties of virtues should be grounded on moral capacity with consideration to human dignity. Respect for rational people, according to Kant, can act as a moral compass for good deeds by restricting what good deeds do in the pursuit of their aims and inspiring them to work for their own improvement and the happiness of others. Consequently, Kant emphasizes respecting both oneself and other human beings. When deciding to have an abortion, a woman should not do so without good reason; instead, she should behave honorably, respect herself, and not be led by any other inclinations. For instance, if a woman believes that having an abortion is a sensible course of action that would protect her dignity while simultaneously enhancing her health, she must proceed without hesitation.

 
Social Contract Ethicist and Abortion

Social Contract Ethicist Approach and Side on Topic

           
Social contract theory is the idea that a contract or agreement made by people to build the society they live in dictates their moral and political obligations. The protection of human rights is the goal of social contract ethicists. Because it causes physical or mental suffering to other people, abortion could be seen as an act that condemns them. Thus, a social contract ethicist would argue that pregnant women should conduct themselves according to the agreed-upon way of life by society and keep the unborn child; thus, she should choose to be on the pro-life side.

Social Contract Justification for Position

An advocate of the social contract theory would argue that since all life is valuable, it is vital to defend their moral stance by defending the life of an unborn child. According to Schouten (2017), each of us must uphold the moral principles and human rules that form the foundation of our society in order to uphold the social contract. Thus, abortion is perceived as a crime according to social contract ethicists.

Collision between Personal and National Obligations

There is a collision between personal and national obligations on abortion. This is revealed by the existence of a struggle between society’s interests and those of individual women. In this instance, the right to life is upheld from a far broader perspective and is committed to both life itself and human rights. Because of this, proponents of the social contract theory argue that society’s interests are more important than individuals’, and thus regard abortion as a direct violation of morality and cultural norms.

My Position – Moral controversy on abortion Essay

I believe that protecting the public interest does not always counteract the harmful effects of personal reality (Rachels & Rachels, 2012). Instead of denying women the opportunity to make decisions about abortion, the better course of action would be to address the underlying socioeconomic problems that commonly drive them to seek abortions.

 
Code Of Conduct

Abortion involves conflict between familial and career obligations, according to the ANA (American Nurses Association) code for nurses. The ethical and moral duty of nurses improve and protect human life. The rights and obligations of nurses in relation to abortion collide with the rights and obligations of persons who choose to abort. Sheldon et al. (2019) point out that although nurses are receptive to this, they should respect each individual’s decision as long as it is permitted in that state.

Topic and Conflicts between Professional and Familial Duties

           
Regardless of differences in framing this issue, professions and associations agree upon core values that underlie the responsibilities and the rights of all health care providers in the filed f bioethics. Respect or autonomy, justice and beneficence are ethical and legal considerations that guide conduct of healthcare professionals. However, when it comes to abortion, these principles do not match up familial duties, which creates conflicts. The conflict is worsened by different opinions from the participants, because familial duties would require one to preserve life, while professional would require one to save life by loosing other.

Conclusion

The issue of abortion is whether or not a woman should have the option to end a pregnancy. The complexity of the issue has led to the simplification of the pro-choice and pro-life arguments. Theories that address this issue draw inspiration from law, morality, and religion. The two complexities push us to further investigate the depths of this moral dilemma because the current beliefs are founded on incomplete groups of opinions.

References

Derksen, M. A Rational1 Look at the Abortion Controversy.

Graham, R. (2022). ‘The Pro-Life Generation’: Young Women Fight Against Abortion Rights.            Accessed on July 26, 2023, from:
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/03/us/pro-life-young-women-roe-abortion.html

Greasley, K. (2017). Taking Abortion Rights Seriously: Whole Woman’s Health v Hellerstedt. 
The          Modern Law Review
, 
80
(2), 325-338.

Hogg, L. C. (2018). The State and the Body: Legal Regulation of Bodily Autonomy.

Pascoe, J. (2019). On finding yourself in a state of nature: A Kantian account of abortion and voluntary motherhood.
Feminist Philosophy Quarterly
, 
5
(3).

Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. (2012). 
The Elements of Moral Philosophy 7e
. McGraw Hill.

Schouten, G. (2017). Fetuses, Orphans, and a Famous Violinist: On the Ethics and Politics of Abortion.
Social Theory and Practice
, 637-665.

Sheldon, S., Fox, M., Herring, J., McHale, J., Priaulx, N., Quigley, M., & Scott, R. (2019). Abortion: a review of South Australian law and practice [Consultation].
your say. sa. Gov. au
. Moral controversy on abortion Essay

 

Moral controversy on abortion Essay

First, select a topic of moral controversy, debate, disagreement, and dispute, Examples of such topics are euthanasia, the death penalty, abortion, cloning, etc. You can pick any such topic. It need not be listed here.

Next, detail the positions of each side of the ethical debate. Note at least two moral reasons each side presents to show their view on the topic is correct.

Now, we want to evaluate these positions using the moral theories we studied this week:

What would an Ethical Egoist say about this topic? What side would the Ethical Egoist take? What would the Ethical Egoist say to justify their moral position? Is there a conflict between loyalty to self and to community relevant to your topic? If so, how so? Note what you feel is the best course of action.

What would a Social Contract Ethicist say about this topic? What side would the Social Contract Ethicist take? What would the Social Contract Ethicist say to justify their moral position? Does your topic involve a collision between personal obligations and national ones? If so, how so? Note what you feel is the best course of action.

Finally, reference and discuss any professional code of ethics relevant to your topic such as the AMA code for doctors, the ANA code for nurses, or any other pertinent professional code. State whether and how your chosen topic involves any conflicts between professional and familial duties.

Cite the textbook and incorporate outside sources, including citations.

Requirements

Length: 3-4pages (not including title page or references page)

1-inch margins

Double spaced

12-point Times New Roman font

Moral controversy on abortion Essay Title page

References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to the course textbook) textbook is the elements of moral philosophy tenth edition

Discussion Activity
 
8:
 
EVALUATION OF CURRENT PRESIDENT iN ROLES PLAYED BY A MODERN PRESIDENT – – (20 POINTS)

In the Discussion Forum , “The Monocle,”
 you will evaluate the current President in 
two (2)
 of the following roles: crisis manager (international and domestic), image builder, morale builder, agenda setter, political/legislative coalition builder, recruiter, or administrator. 
The evaluation of the President should be no more than a short paragraph for each role.
 In your posted response give the President a grade: A, B, C, D, or F in each role you choose to evaluate him in and provide at least one example for each role. The evaluation you provide is to be your opinion backed up by example(s). 
Please note the reference(s) you used in preparing your posting at the end of your posting.

In order to complete this activity, 
read closely
 the President I and II topics in this course.

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Please complete the survey, “Evaluation of President in Roles”: before going to the Discussion Forum to participate in Discussion Activity 8
.
 To complete the survey, go to the Lessons tab, then click on the Presidency II lesson and locate “Evaluation of President in Roles.” 
The survey must be completed to get credit for evaluation of current president in roles played by a modern president Discussion Activity 8.

In the survey, you will evaluate the current President in the roles of crisis manager (international and domestic), image builder and morale builder, agenda setter, and political/legislative coalition builder, recruiter, and administrator and grade him in each role. This evaluation will give you the opportunity to evaluate the current President in these roles and to provide your opinion supported by example(s).

Discussion Activity 9
:
 
ROLE-PLAY AS U.S. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE

Evaluation of current president in roles played by a modern president

Relations between ethics and religion Essay

1.John Doe has decided to clone himself. He is sterile. He cannot find anyone to marry him. He wishes to have children. He knows that he will not be able to love a child that is adopted or not connected directly to him biologically. He will be making use of a new procedure that involves taking his skin cells to produce a twin. The twin starts out as an embryo and grows into a child. The child in this case will have the same genetic information as John Doe. John Doe and his child will be twins.

2.Jane Doe is eighteen. For as long as she can remember she has been sexually attracted to other females. Her parents belong to a religion that has a religious text stating that God forbids one to be a lesbian. This religion goes on further to say that lesbians will be punished in the afterlife. Jane Doe is debating whether she should tell her parents about her sexual attraction. She has not yet decided if she should come out to her parents and live as a lesbian now that she is a legal adult.

two of the situations above and then address 2 of the following:

What is the relation between ethics and religion? Formulate and investigate the relation.

For each case, determine the ethical path of conduct. Then, determine what paths of conduct would be unethical

For each case, what would an emotivism say to appraise what you determine is the ethical form of conduct?

For each case, would a natural law ethicist agree with what you say is the ethical form of conduct? Why or why not?

Articulate, explain, and evaluate in each case an approach that makes use of divine command ethics.

Requirements

Length: 2-3 pages (not including title page or references page)

1-inch margins

Double spaced

12-point Times New Roman font

Title page

References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources) in addition to the book

The book used in this course is the element of moral philosophy 10th edition

Relations Between Ethics and Religion Essay

The relationship between ethics and religion is a complex one encompassing multiple facet that elicit differing viewpoints on their interconnectedness. This paper will focus on uncovering the relationship between ethics and religion between the two scenarios provided.

Cloning Scenario: Ethical Path of Conduct

From an ethical standpoint, John Doe’s decision to clone himself raises several considerations. While he admittedly yearns for offspring whom he can connect with on a biological level it remains imperative to address the ethical considerations linked to cloning as well. Such concerns encompass not only potential risks that could detrimentally affect the health and emotional state of any resulting clones but also broader implications extending into society at large Relations between ethics and religion Essay.

Unethical Paths of Conduct

Cloning a human being without fully understanding the long-term consequences and ensuring the well-being of the cloned child could be considered unethical. It disregards the potential harms and uncertainties associated with the procedure and prioritizes personal desires over the welfare of the child.

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Emotivism Perspective

“Emotivism, a meta-ethical theory, suggests that ethical statements express subjective emotions and attitudes rather than objective facts” (Loehndorf, 2022). In this case, an emotivist might appraise John Doe’s ethical form of conduct based on their emotional response. For example, if they empathize with John’s desire for a biological connection with his child, they might view it as morally acceptable. Conversely, if they empathize with the potential harms and societal implications, they might consider it morally unacceptable.

Natural Law Ethicist Perspective

A natural law ethicist would likely question the ethical form of conduct in this scenario. They would argue that cloning is in direct contradiction to the natural order of procreation as well as the fundamental purpose of human reproduction. According to proponents of natural law, “displaying ethical behavior entails honoring the innate process of human reproduction and placing equal importance on the welfare of both individuals and society” (Wild, 2022).

Divine Command Ethics Perspective

In the context of divine command ethics, the evaluation of John Doe’s conduct would depend on religious beliefs and interpretations. Some religious traditions might view cloning as playing God and interfering with the natural order. “They would argue that the ethical path of conduct is to abstain from cloning” (Rachels & Rachels, 2012). Others might have different perspectives based on their interpretation of religious texts.

Scenario 2

Ethical Path of Conduct

In this scenario, the ethical path of conduct for Jane Doe depends on her personal values and well-being. Coming out and embracing her sexual orientation as a lesbian can promote authenticity, self-acceptance, and potentially lead to healthier relationships. It can also contribute to LGBTQ+ visibility and societal acceptance, challenging discriminatory norms.

Unethical Paths of Conduct

Discouraging or repressing Jane’s sexual orientation based on religious beliefs would be considered unethical. It could lead to emotional distress, internal conflict, and a compromised sense of identity. Additionally, promoting discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals based on religious texts would be unethical from a broader human rights perspective Relations between ethics and religion Essay.

Emotivism Perspective

Emotivism would evaluate the ethical form of conduct based on individuals’ subjective emotions and attitudes. An emotivist might appraise Jane’s decision to come out and live as a lesbian by considering the emotional responses of various stakeholders (Loehndorf, 2022). If they empathize with Jane’s desire for self-expression and personal happiness, they might view it as morally acceptable. Conversely, if they prioritize adherence to religious texts over individual well-being, they might consider it morally unacceptable.

Natural Law Ethicist Perspective

A natural law ethicist would likely support Jane’s decision to come out and live as a lesbian. “They would argue that individuals should embrace their innate inclinations and seek fulfillment within the bounds of reason and human nature” (Wild, 2022). From a natural law perspective, the ethical form of conduct aligns with promoting personal authenticity and well-being, while respecting the principles of reason and human nature.

Divine Command Ethics Perspective

“A divine command ethics approach would heavily depend on the specific religious beliefs and interpretations” (Rachels & Rachels, 2012). Some religious traditions might view homosexuality as morally wrong based on their understanding of religious texts. Others might emphasize love, acceptance, and inclusivity, interpreting religious teachings in a more progressive and supportive manner.

 
References – Relations between ethics and religion Essay

Loehndorf, A. (2022). Rights Talk and Constitutional Emotivism. 
Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence
, 1-34.

Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. (2012). 
The Elements of Moral Philosophy 7e
. McGraw Hill.

Wild, J. D. (2022). 
Plato’s modern enemies and the theory of natural law
. BoD–Books on Demand.

Discussion Activity 9
:
 
ROLE-PLAY AS U.S. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE (20 POINTS)

In this Discussion Activity, you will select, research, and role-play as a current justice of the U. S. Supreme Court. You will share information (education, cases and interests) about the justice of your choice with your classmates in the Discussion Forum, “The Monocle Restaurant.”

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To complete this activity
 , you may use the 
Internet
, 
periodicals
, or 
books
 to research a current justice on the U. S. Supreme Court. Some suggested Internet sites are:

U.S. Supreme Court

C-SPAN

U.S. Courts

List of Members of the Supreme Court of the United States

Biographies of Current Supreme Court Justices

In the Discussion Forum , “The Monocle,”
 you will share with your classmates’ information (education, work experience, cases, interests, and hobbies etc.) about the justice. 
Also, you will share what you found most interesting about the justice you selected. 
Your ROLE-PLAY AS U.S. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE posted response must be
no longer
 than 
two paragraphs
! Please note your reference(s) you used in preparing your posting at the end of your posting.

Discussion Activity
 10
:
 
“
BILL OF RIGHTS
 
“

ROLE-PLAY AS U.S. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE

The Three As of Symbols

Both verbal and nonverbal communication share their foundation in symbols. Symbols represent something else, they stand in place of an object or idea. For example, the word “chair” stands for a chair, but you can’t sit in the word. You can only sit in the actual object, while the word simply represents that object. Another example is the word “tree,” which merely represents the living thing, you cannot climb a word, only what the word represents.

The same principle applies to nonverbal communication, which we will study later. For the purposes of our lesson on symbols, take the American flag. The flag is an artifact, a channel of nonverbal communication you’ll learn about later. The flag is also a symbol. The flag itself is not America, or patriotism, or freedom, it merely represents those ideas. This is why, in 
Johnson v. Texas
, the supreme court decided that it is constitutional to burn the flag. Burning the flag is a form of speech protected by the first amendment, but more importantly for us, the flag only represents our country. Therefore, burning it is not treasonous, because you can’t destroy a country by defacing a symbol.

 

What does all of this have to do with As you might ask? There are three principles that apply to symbols, and they can all be arranged as the three A’s of symbols:

Arbitrary
: As you’ll read in the text, words are arbitrary symbols, so the English word “tree” and the Spanish word “arbol” look and sound different while they represent the same thing. This is because there is no “tree-ness” in either word. They mean tree because a group of people agrees that they mean it.

Ambiguous
: All symbols have multiple potential meanings, and those meanings are sometimes not clear. As you’ll learn from your text, words have multiple meanings, both connotative and denotative.

Abstract
: The idea that you can’t live in the American flag any more than you can sit in the word chair or climb the word tree. Symbols are standing in place of something else, so they have meaning only in our minds. This also means that words can’t do anything or make anything. We use them to construct messages, but the whole process is based on a set of symbols that don’t really “exist,” so meaning is in the people who use them, not the words themselves. The Three As of Symbols

“BILL OF RIGHTS ” DISCUSSION POST

Discussion Activity
 10
:
 
“BILL OF RIGHTS 
“
(20 POINTS)

Round Table Discussion on the influence of the Founding documents (Declaration of Independence, and the U.S. Constitution, including the Bill of Rights) on the development of the International Bill of Rights with a focus on modern slavery (human trafficking). 

Review the slavery and slave trade provisions of the International Bill of Rights 
(made up of the Universal Declaration of Rights (UDHR) and the Civil and Political Rights (1966) and Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (1966) treaties) 
and the U.S. Department of State’s annual Human Trafficking Report
 and focus on the federal government’s efforts (U.S. President and U.S. Congress) to address modern slavery (human trafficking).

Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking of Persons

 2024 Trafficking in Persons Report – United States Department of State
 
 and Select Country

 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons

Once you have reviewed the resources listed above, in the Discussion Forum–“The Monocle,” you will write a two (2) or three (3) paragraph essay summarizing what the United States’ Government is doing to address this problem and provide some specific examples.
  Also, share your thoughts whether you think Congress and the President are doing enough to combat this problem in our country.  You may also provide some recommendations to help solve this complex problem.  
Please make sure to include a reference(s).

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“BILL OF RIGHTS ” DISCUSSION POST