Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion

Discussion: Healthcare Information Technology Trends

By Day 3 of Week 6

Post
a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.

Week 6 Initial Discussion Post

Healthcare technology trends are making it easier to track health and receive care regardless of location or time. Examples of healthcare technology trends are mobile health, data tracking heath applications, telemonitoring, and telemedicine (Shumov, 2018; Walker, 2020). Both patients and healthcare providers expect increased flexibility in providing and receiving care and as such medicine has begun to shift away from brick-and-mortar locations running on 9-5 schedules (Shumov, 2018). Increased patient engagement and increased access to health services are benefits of current health technology trends Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.

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Potential risks and challenges of mobile health, health apps, and telehealth include inaccurate logging, generalized or non-applicable health advice, technology delays, and unsecured transmission of private health information. Additionally, Worthington (2020) identifies remote workers as a possible risk for data safety due to increased numbers of access points, the potential for misuse, and mobile security across personal devices. Legislative efforts to protect private health information, financial information, and patient identity will need to focus specifically on new challenges like personal device use for providing and receiving care.

I believe the most promising technology trend in healthcare today is mobile health apps in which patients can track and log vitals, blood sugar, symptoms, medication management, etc.  Many hospital systems offer mobile applications for patients to access their health records and communicate with their doctors. In addition to the patient portal, the health system I work for also has recommended apps for behavioral health care including cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle/ diet applications. Mobile health applications can improve patient care and efficiency by enabling patients to transfer data in real-time to their health professionals Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.

References

Shumov, N. (2018, July 6). 
Top 7 healthcare technology trends in 2021. 
https://themindstudios.com/blog/healthcare-technology-trends/

Walker, H. (2020, October 20). Technology trends in healthcare today.
 HealthTech Zone. 
https://www.healthtechzone.com/topics/healthcare/articles/2020/10/20/446906-technology-trends-healthcare-today.htm

Worthington, E. (2020, August 26). 
Current top 5 data security risks in healthcare. 
https://hypori.com/blog/data-security-risks-in-healthcare/#:~:text=%20Current%20Top%205%20Data%20Security%20Risks%20in,by%20employees%20and%20contractors%20is%20a…%20More%20

By Day 6 of Week 6

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
, offering additional/alternative ideas regarding opportunities and risks related to the observations shared Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.

I do think that being able to log and track health symptoms, treatments, and vitals are important parts of patients being an active participant in their care. Being able to access healthcare via telehealth at any time is definitely a convenience as well. Many patients are now able to use a healthcare portal to initiate and access care, medication, and information regarding their health concerns (Chen et al, 2018). Many insurance companies are now even offering a telemedicine nurse in order to improve care and reduce costs (Snoswell et al, 2020 ). This reduces costs while improving patient satisfaction and access to care. While using these applications it is important to remember that increased access does come with privacy risks and concerns, however, if proper care is taken to remain hipaa compliant then patients and providers can have better communication and improved quality of care (Chen et al, 2018).

Snoswell, C. L., Taylor, M. L., Comans, T. A., Smith, A. C., Gray, L. C., & Caffery, L. J. (2020). Determining if Telehealth Can Reduce Health System Costs: Scoping Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(10), e17298. 
https://doi.org/10.2196/17298

Chen, J., Kullgren, J.,Malani, P. (2018). Patient Portals: Improving the health of older adults by increasing use and access. Health Affairs. 
https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20180830.888175/full/

response 2

Great information! I agree that mobile health apps are very promising now and for the future of healthcare Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion. Apps such as a clinical decision-making app can greatly assist health care professionals (HCPs) in making the best decisions on patient care through access to the latest evidence-based practice information (Ventola, 2014). A 2013 study found that physicians spend about 64% of their workday online searching for information, which is almost double the amount of time spent on paper resources (Ventola, 2014). With mobile health apps, information can be more easily accessed to improve work efficiency and patient outcomes. On the other end of the spectrum, other mobile health apps that patients use to connect their personal health information to outside of the healthcare facility run the risk for data breaches. A 2019 study showed that though the servers for mobile health were more secure, they still had issues with configuration (Müthing, Brüngel, & Friedrich, 2019). Issues such as patient-to-HCPs communication exposure was found, leading to the display of harmful or false information (Müthing, Brüngel, & Friedrich, 2019). Even with this potential for information leaks or hacks, mobile health apps are already becoming a critical addition to improving the healthcare industry.

References

Müthing, J., Brüngel, R., & Friedrich, C. M. (2019). Server-Focused Security Assessment of Mobile Health Apps for Popular Mobile Platforms. 
Journal of Medical Internet Research
, 
21
(1), e9818. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9818

Ventola, C. L. (2014). Mobile Devices and Apps for Health Care Professionals: Uses and Benefits. 
P & T: A peer-reviewed journal for formulary management
, 
39
(5), 356–364 Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.

sample response 3

Enjoyed reading your post. Several new emerging trends are affecting healthcare today. The healthcare system is moving towards making healthcare more affordable and easily accessible to its users. One of the emerging trends in healthcare is the conjunction of health systems with health plans. The best health plan solutions are those that can connect healthcare users with the best healthcare available, (Hutchinson et al., 2009). In the healthcare sector, there is a lot of useful data that is collected from insured patients. The data is now being used to create health plans that are more effective in the long term in offering quality health care to patients. Doctors and physicians can also use this information to understand their patients better and therefore offer better healthcare solutions.

Another emerging trend is the continued focus on patients rather than the disease or the illness of the patient. This has led to the creation of better relationships between healthcare and its users. This new trend has witnessed great success with reports of patients being more open about their conditions leading better services in healthcare, (Brandao, 2009). Patients are becoming more aware of the benefits that the healthcare system can offer as well as understanding at a personal level the importance of leading a healthy life. This trend has helped remove the stigma that a patient feels when he or she is suffering from a certain illness; the feeling of being a walking disease. Patients now more than ever are positive that they will recover Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.

The use of artificial intelligence-based technology in the healthcare system is another trend in healthcare. The use of technology is saving time that is used by doctors, nurses, and patients filling forms. As a result, doctors and nurses are able to use this time to practice medicine and engaging with their patients. The continued integration of the healthcare system and technology also offers patients easy access to information. Patients moving around big hospitals used to spend a lot of time looking for certain areas with the hospital, (Chen et al., 2004). However, with technology using their mobile phones or computers placed at strategic places within the hospital can access these areas easily.

The use of new technology in the healthcare system will surely have a positive impact. Technology not only increases efficiency in healthcare but also make healthcare more effective. Technology is certainly the key to providing quality and affordable healthcare since the use of technology saves a lot of time and resources while still improving the quality of services. However, the use of information systems has also had some criticism. One of the major concerns has been the misuse of patients’ records by unauthorized persons. The data collected from the patients contains lots of information that should be kept private as it relates to personal details such as financial records. While information systems in healthcare have been beneficial, it is essential to ensure that the patient’s privacy is maintained. It is impossible for patients to seek health care services in a place where they feel that their privacy is at risk. The healthcare system is based on trust between the healthcare providers and the patients, and thus it must be maintained Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.
 

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 References:

Hutchinson, A., Young, T. A., Cooper, K. L., McIntosh, A., Karnon, J. D., Scobie, S., & Thomson, R. G. (2009). Trends in healthcare system.

Brandao de Souza, L. (2009). Trends and approaches in lean healthcare. 
Leadership in health services
, 
22
(2), 121-139.

Chen, J. C., Dolan, M., & Lin, B. (2004). Improve processes on healthcare: current issues and future trends. 
International journal of electronic healthcare
, 
1
(2), 149-164 Healthcare Information Technology Trends Discussion.

Behaviorism Essay

Skinner’s “radical behaviorism” proposes that behavior, rather than cognitive processes, should be the primary topic of study in the field of psychology. As bold of a statement as this is, I can argue that it is true. Behaviorism was proposed by a trailblazing psychologist who goes by the name of B.F. Skinner. He states that the study of conscious mental life simply did not exist and that it was time for the field of psychology to join others as a natural science (Moore, 2011). By doing so, he’s transitioning from the subjective point of view to objective which requires measurement through direct observation. Radical behaviorism was founded during a period of modernism where multiple scholars and individuals transitioned away from the traditional way of thinking (Moxley, 2004) Behaviorism Essay. Cognitive processes was the first study completed in the field of psychology and it had researchers consumed for many years. However, during the period of modernism, behaviorism was introduced and suggested that cognitive processes were not a thing because they could not be directly observed.

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Moore, J. (2011). Behaviorism. 
The Psychological Record, 61
(3). 449-463. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395771
 Credit Line: Behaviorism by Moore, J., in The Psychological Record, Vol. 61/ Issue 3. Copyright 2011 by Denison University. Reprinted by permission of Denison University via the Copyright Clearance Center. Licensed in 2021.

Moxley, R. A. (2004). Pragmatic selectionism: The philosophy of behavior analysis. The Behavior Analyst Today, 5(1), 108-125. 
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100137

 

Discussion: Behaviorism

Photo Credit: Vitezslav Vylicil – stock.adobe.com

One skill of an applied behavior analyst is collaborating to identify negative behaviors an individual is exhibiting and then developing treatments for those behaviors (e.g., strategies, interventions, etc.) to help them change the behaviors and derive improved outcomes for themselves. Radical behaviorism posits there is a science of behavior that has shown the environment as a significant cause of behavior and that experiential factors play a primary role in determining behavior (Cooper et al., 2020). The strategies and interventions of the applied behavior analyst represent efforts to change maladaptive behavior by systematically employing techniques that control circumstances in which negative behaviors arise and helping individuals learn and apply new skills.

For example, if a child in a classroom is repeatedly leaving their seat during instruction (i.e., maladaptive behavior), an applied behavior analyst would work with the child to identify the factors contributing to the maladaptive behavior and then develop strategies or interventions to generate more appropriate behavior by the child.

For this week’s Discussion, you will consider your perspectives on radical behaviorism and its learning principles.

Reference:

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). 
Applied behavior analysis
 (3rd ed.). Pearson. 

To Prepare

Review the Learning Resources for this week as well as the required weekly media program to gain an understanding of radical Behaviorism Essay

Think about whether you concur with the learning principles of radical behaviorism.

By Day 4 of Week 3

Post
 an explanation of whether you agree or disagree with the following statement, and why or why not:

Skinner’s “radical behaviorism” proposes that behavior, rather than cognitive processes, should be the primary topic of study.

Read
 your colleagues’ postings.

Note:
 For this discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the 
To Participate in this Discussion
 link, then select 
Create Thread
 to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on 
Submit
, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously Behaviorism Essay. Please check your post carefully before clicking on
Submit
!

By Day 6 of Week 3

Respond
 to at least 
two
 colleagues’ posts by expanding on each colleague’s rationale for why they agree or disagree with Skinner’s proposal. Justify your response.

Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your posts and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources.

Return
to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained because of your colleagues’ comments Behaviorism Essay.

I agree with Skinner’s radical behaviorism approach because I believe that behavior can describe the function of a consequence much more appropriately than the mental state of an individual. Skinner suggests that “behavior is a function of our environmental circumstances and its context” (Cooper, Heron, and Heward, 2020). In other words, whenever we act or behave, we are influenced by what is taking place within that moment and within that environment. It is when we understand the context of what is happening and the environment that it is happening in that we are able to correlate our behaviors and our responses to the consequences of what has occurred.  Moore (2011) suggests that the “basis of behavior is not simply concerned with the way something acts, but also what is going on within the environment that is manipulating the behavior”. Because our cognitive process typically expresses the cause of our behaviors, it is my opinion that the cause of a behavior is not understood without first understanding the function. I believe that when we are born, we go through different innate experiences that help us process our surroundings and inform us on how to interact with them. Moore (2011) also explains how the function of our “behavior is relative to variables at the level of phylogeny, ontogeny, or culture”. It also “reflects on the factors that are naturally within us and those that we experience within our environment” (Moore, 2011).

References

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.

Moore, J. (2011). Behaviorism. The Psychological Record, 61(3), 449–463. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395771  
 Behaviorism Essay

Healthcare Information Technology Trends Essay

Discussion: Healthcare Information Technology Trends

Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next new idea for applying existing technology can benefit outcomes.

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In this Discussion, you will reflect on your healthcare organization’s use of technology and offer a technology trend you observe in your environment Healthcare Information Technology Trends Essay.

To Prepare:

Reflect on the Resources related to digital information tools and technologies.

Consider your healthcare organization’s use of healthcare technologies to manage and distribute information.

Reflect on current and potential future trends, such as use of social media and mobile applications/telehealth, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled asset tracking, or expert systems/artificial intelligence, and how they may impact nursing practice and healthcare delivery.

By Day 3 of Week 6

Post
 a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples.

The use of telehealth has dramatically increased since the COVID-19 pandemic began. The need for social distancing to decrease the spread of the virus has impacted how we look at healthcare. Telehealth provides healthcare and health information through multiple technological systems such as the telephone, videophone calls, and the computer (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Working in a cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU), our surgeons perform open-heart surgeries daily during the week. Some of these surgeries are urgent or emergent, and pre-operative workups can be done in the hospital or not at all. However, in most cases, our patients come in for surgery from getting an outpatient pre-operative workup. Most of their workup is now being done via telehealth appointments Healthcare Information Technology Trends Essay.

Often our patients are older and are not as up-to-date with the rapidly growing technologies being used more regularly. Telehealth poses a challenge for older patients who are either unable to use and understand the technology or do not have the technology to support the telehealth platforms. In a 2013 study looking at how the older population views telehealth technology, the participants expressed their personal health information being hacked or seen by unauthorized persons (Cimperman, Brenčič, Trkman, & Stanonik, 2013).

         Data breaches and the potential for unauthorized people to see personal health information is a considerable risk associated with telehealth. The 2013 study also mentioned that the older population’s primary resource for technological support is their family members, but most wanted their family to access limited health information (Cimperman, Brenčič, Trkman, & Stanonik, 2013). Since telehealth can provide so much health information such as test results and text messages to and from your physician, it can be risky to have that information exposed. However, having access to that information can also be viewed as a benefit. With telehealth, patients can real-time chat with medical staff, chat via phone or video chat, and use remote monitoring (Telehealth.hhs.gov, 2021). Telehealth is also very cost-effective and saves patients on travel time. Telehealth has changed significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic, and new laws continue to change the way it functions. Recent laws now allow physicians to use more popular video chat applications such as Skype or Facebook Messenger video chat, making telehealth easier for some patients (Telehealth.HHS.gov, 2021).

         I believe the electronic health record (EHR) is the most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice. Having a patient’s health record in a digital format provides easy access for nursing staff to see previous health information and easily add new data to the patient’s chart for future reference. This way, health information is not as easily lost as it was with paper charting. Information can be shared instantaneously with multiple providers involved in the patient’s care. As a nurse, documenting and filing new data is much more organized and more accessible, allowing the nurse to spend more time at the bedside. Because of these reasons, having EHRs dramatically continues to improve patient care outcomes, efficiencies, and data management Healthcare Information Technology Trends Essay.

References

Cimperman, M., Brenčič, M. M., Trkman, P., & Stanonik, M. D. L. (2013). Older Adults’ Perceptions of Home Telehealth Services. 
Telemedicine and E-Health
, 
19
(10), 786–790. 
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2012.0272

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). 
Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
 (4
th
 ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Telehealth.HHS.gov. (2021, May 19). 
What is telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov
. https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/understanding-telehealth/?gclid=CjwKCAjw_o-HBhAsEiwANqYhp11CR4OTX65JuJK3by8oakcNj0oBzZxgK_qQDXnumAA4DO0yGeMu5RoC90gQAvD_BwE

 

By Day 6 of Week 6

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
, offering additional/alternative ideas regarding opportunities and risks related to the observations shared.

Telemetry had me stumped in nursing school. Could it be because I do not like math? Kudos for working in the intensive care cardiac unit. I suppose some of your patients utilized telehealth via home cardiac monitoring before surgery. Just wondering how often you must deal with pediatrics. An article uses telehealth home monitoring called REACH to keep in touch with parents of infants with complex congenital heart disease who received surgery with their first 21 days of life. However, in a 4-month trial of testing REACH, stress between the two parenting groups was equal, and the results concluded that using the REACH telehealth system did not improve parent or infant outcomes (Medoff Cooper, et al., 2020). I can imagine, in this case, that telehealth would not significantly improve as parents would be too worried about their child to appreciate it Healthcare Information Technology Trends Essay.

The legislation created the Expanded Telehealth Access Act, which expands the types of providers that can recoup Medicare costs when providing care using telehealth (REPRESENTATIVES SHERRILL, MCKINLEY REINTRODUCE BIPARTISAN LEGISLATION TO INCREASE ACCESS TO TELEHEALTH SERVICES., 2021). Telehealth is especially important during the Covid crisis pandemic. So many seniors living at home and not living in assisted living facilities or nursing homes were at high risk, as we all found out later. This technology is crucial if they do not need emergent care and can video conference with their primary provider via telehealth.

As you mentioned, technology is complicated for the senior population. However, one college is doing something about it. Randolph Community College in Asheboro, North Carolina, offers courses to teach seniors basic computer skills, such as Zoom. They are also offering beginning computer classes for further computer skill learning (Floyd, 2021). Computer courses are sweet, and I bet more than just this community college is jumping on this bandwagon. Video conferencing with family was so important during this pandemic as many people were isolated. I know that there were more suicides than average in my area due to lack of jobs, social distancing, and lack of consistent communication of proper techniques to prevent catching the virus.

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References

Floyd, C. (2021, April 17). 
Community college teaching seniors basic computer skills
. Retrieved 2021, from Spectrum News 1: https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/triad/news/2021/04/17/community-college-teaching-seniors-basic-computer-skills

Medoff Cooper, B., Marino, B. S., Fleck, D. A., Lisanti, A. J., Golfenshtein, N., Ravishankar, C., . . . Curley, M. A. (2020, September 1). Telehealth Home Monitoring and Postcardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease. 
Pediatrics Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 146
(3) Healthcare Information Technology Trends Essay. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0531

(2021, March 23). 
REPRESENTATIVES SHERRILL, MCKINLEY REINTRODUCE BIPARTISAN LEGISLATION TO INCREASE ACCESS TO TELEHEALTH SERVICES.
Washington: States News Service. Retrieved 2021, from States News Service: https://go-gale-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ps/i.do?p=EAIM&u=minn4020&id=GALE|A656029603&v=2.1&it=r&sid=ebsco Healthcare Information Technology Trends Essay

Behaviorism Assignment

Photo Credit: Monkey Business – stock.adobe.com

In this week’s Learning Resources you read about Skinner’s radical behaviorism. Skinner’s learning principles can be applied in the areas of behavior management and education. For example, “reinforcement” is one of Skinner’s learning principles and refers to anything that increases the likelihood a response will recur. In a classroom, this learning principle can be seen in the form of a “token economy,” whereby the teacher awards tokens immediately after a desirable behavior as a technique to reinforce the desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior. The tokens can later be exchanged for a meaningful item or privilege Behaviorism Assignment.

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For this Assignment, you will describe specific instances in your own life experiences, or life experiences you have observed in others, that seem to be consistent with Skinner’s learning principles and use your own judgment to evaluate their effectiveness and appropriateness.

To Prepare:

Review the Learning Resources for this week to gain an understanding of the learning principles of Skinner’s radical behaviorism, including the weekly media video and the interactive media, “Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism.

Identify at least two specific instances in your own life experiences, or life experience you have observed in others, that seem to be consistent with Skinner’s learning principles, either from the behavior management side (e.g., reinforcement, extinction, time out, token economies) or from the educational side (e.g., behavioral objectives, self-paced learning).

Assignment 
(1–2 pages)

Write a description of at least two specific instances in your own life experience, or life experiences you have observed in others, that seem to be consistent with Skinner’s learning principles. These can be either from the behavior management side (e.g., reinforcement, extinction, time out, token economies) or from the educational side (e.g., behavioral objectives, self-paced learning). Briefly describe these instances and comment on their effectiveness and appropriateness (in your judgment).

Be sure to support your Assignment with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your Assignment. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources Behaviorism Assignment. 

By Day 7 of Week 3

Submit 
your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:Behaviorism Assignment

Healthcare Information Technology Trends

I currently work in a small community hospital that is part of a bigger network. We are one of six hospitals spanning 3 hours away in either direction. Being part of a bigger network provides great resources for our facility but is difficult to maintain continuity at times. A few of the other hospitals are in larger cities, while our community has fostered this small, positive hospital since 1911. Family physicians have grown the hospital prior to hospitalists becoming the new thing. We now have telemedicine and consults that are performed from a distance. Nurses that are performing assessments and being the eyes and ears using technology. While for years I have found this to be unsafe and ineffective, I do believe that there is some benefit to this type of medicine. Do I want a cardiologist trusting an LPN to assess my condition and provide concrete evidence? Probably not
Healthcare Information Technology Trends
.

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Test results, radiology exams, diagnostic studies, assessments etc are all data/information that is relayed from our mothership. We can provide the services and perform all the required testing, however, the information is sent to the mothership and diagnosed from a distance. Our facility is limited in its specialty practices. Our ED physician can make decisions immediately in the case of an emergency but must consult our mothership where the specialists are located.

Time is of the essence and by taking the time to reach out to our other facilities, lives are at risk. Physicians are properly educated and should be granted the opportunity to treat their patients. If assistance or a second opinion is needed, then our network should be available. Otherwise, let the physicians and nurses do what they do best and “treat” our patients. This also poses a HIPPA issue as well. We should not be accessing records of patients that we are not treating. Patients enter the ED to obtain treatment locally, not at a hospital that is 3 hours away. We form our best assessments by “laying eyes of the patient” when sending information to the mothership, their assessment is based on black and white. How comfortable does that make you feel like a patient? The information, however, would be relayed quickly and efficiently using the integrated system between hospitals Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

With the lack of providers in rural areas, legislatures continue to push for the needs of APP’s to practice to their full capability to assist in the curtailment of the shortage while providing quality care to our communities. Physicians are retiring at a record level and there must be providers available to provide medical treatment. Telemedicine could be a benefit in this type of setting to assist APP’s with the diagnosis and treatment of difficult cases. Patients will have the ability to remain at home, get evaluated and treated, and follow up with other physicians, if necessary, with the use of telemedicine. Patients will also have the availability of seeking treatment from well-known physicians in other states without leaving their homes. This is a huge benefit to rural communities that do not have access to the best technological advances in medicine. If utilized as a benefit to the patient and not as a convenience for facilities, telemedicine can provide many benefits such as saving money, efficiently and effectively care for patients, accessibility, etc. I do not believe that this is an end-all to medicine because I am a strong believer in putting your eyes, ears, and hands-on your patients, but it is definitely a benefit to have for quick and effective treatment. The quick treatment will assist in early diagnosis and improvements in patient health and outcomes. If a provider is able to diagnose a heart or lung condition with the use of diagnostic studies and telemedicine, prompt treatment will eliminate the long process of waiting on an appointment while the condition worsens or even worse causes the demise of the patient Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

References

Benefits of Telemedicine
. Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/benefits-of-telemedicine.

Brom, H. M., Salsberry, P. J., & Graham, M. C. (2018, March). 
Leveraging health care reform to accelerate nurse practitioner full practice authority
. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6800077/.

Issues at a Glance: Full Practice Authority
. American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2021, January). https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/advocacy-resource/policy-briefs/issues-full-practice-brief Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

Discussion: Healthcare Information Technology Trends

Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next new idea for applying existing technology can benefit outcomes.

In this Discussion, you will reflect on your healthcare organization’s use of technology and offer a technology trend you observe in your environment Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

To Prepare:

Reflect on the Resources related to digital information tools and technologies.

Consider your healthcare organization’s use of healthcare technologies to manage and distribute information.

Reflect on current and potential future trends, such as use of social media and mobile applications/telehealth, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled asset tracking, or expert systems/artificial intelligence, and how they may impact nursing practice and healthcare delivery.

By Day 3 of Week 6

Post
a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

I have used electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic health records (EHRs) interchangeably until I learned they are not the same. Electronic health records focus on the patient’s total health, and they reach out beyond the health organization that initially collected that information (Garrett & Seidman, 2011). Electronic medical records are more localized and more difficult to transparent with other health organizations or practices. Spending years in the emergency department and having the opportunity to be a travel nurse, I have worked with many EMRs. Out of the seven hospitals, I spent time at, only one made it relatively easy to obtain records from outside facilities. Having the ability to look at a patient’s health gave nursing and providers a better picture of the patient and their health. You can track compliance or noncompliance to medications or specialist appointments. Having access to patient records right at your fingertips can help clinicians make swifter diagnoses and get a fuller patient picture, especially when patients may not effectively verbalize their health history or complaints.
 

A huge challenge with electronic medical records is the possibility of a security breach. Many hospitals and organizations have gone to lengthy measures to ensure a patient’s medical information remains safe and is not accessed by anyone but their care team. For example, many systems have an audit tool that allows tracking who has been in a patient’s chart and what information they accessed (Menachemi & Collum, 2011).
 

 
Having an electronic health record has many benefits. With the use of tracking and alerts, physicians can maintain best practices for their patients. It can notify them when a patient’s immunizations are due, notification of abnormal labs, or when a medication was ordered but is contraindicated by an allergy. Physicians who use HER have a lower rate of medication errors such as dosing levels or frequency, which, in turn, aids patient safety (Aldosari, 2017) Healthcare Information Technology Trends.
 

 
The further we can integrate EMRs to EHRs, all providers can quickly obtain quicker patient information in giving the patient the best clinical outcomes. Combining a patient’s entire medical record gives clinicians a better picture of the patient’s health and goals. A comprehensive HER can significantly improve patient outcomes, especially knowing many patients are not privy to their medications or health concerns.

Aldosari, B. (2017). Patients’ safety in the era of EMR/EHR automation.
 
Informatics in Medicine Unlocked
,
 
9
, 230–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2017.10.001
 

Garrett, P., & Seidman, J. (2011, January 4).
 
EMR vs EHR – What is the difference?
 
Health IT Buzz. https://www.healthit.gov/buzz-blog/electronic-health-and-medical-records/emr-vs-ehr-difference.

Menachemi, N., & Collum, T. (2011). Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems.
 
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
, 47. https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s12985
 

By Day 6 of Week 6

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues
* on two different days
, offering additional/alternative ideas regarding opportunities and risks related to the observations shared.

 Interesting point you made about the difference between EMR’s and the EHR. I think most of us use these terms interchangeably, and going forward, I will try to correct that issue. One of the issues with EMR or also patient portals is, in fact, protecting that information from cybercriminals.These types of systems are very appealing to cybercriminals. They contain valuable information, and it is all centrally located while there are many access points into the system. They are also remarkably vulnerable to penetration because of the fluid and always-evolving nature of a patient’s medical care and because of the number of clinicians, facilities, and transactions required to connect patient care across multiple settings.( Koppell &  Kuziemsky, 2019)   One important difference between the two is. Usually, the EHR’s have simple information like medication lists, patients problems, and demographics.  Han, Gleason, Sun, Miller, King, Chow, Anderson, Nagy, & Bauer, 2019). They do not always have a high value in data; however, they can help gain information to access more sensitive information. It is a big responsibility for companies one I wonder if they considered before transitioning over to electronic record keeping Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

References:

Han, H.-R., Gleason, K. T., Sun, C.-A., Miller, H. N., Kang, S. J., Chow, S., Anderson, R., Nagy, P., & Bauer, T. (2019). Using Patient Portals to Improve Patient Outcomes: Systematic Review.  
JMIR Human Factors
,  
6
 (4), e15038. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.2196/15038

 

KOPPEL, R., & KUZIEMSKY, C. (2019). Healthcare Data Are Remarkably Vulnerable o Hacking: Connected Healthcare Delivery Increases the Risks. 
Studies in Health Technology & Informatics
, 
257
, 218–222. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-951-5-218

response 2

Well done with your post. I agree with you you that Electronic medical records are more localized and more difficult to transparent with other health organizations or practices. One of the challenges of using the e-MAR (electronic medical records) is that most healthcare professionals have limited knowledge on how to use the system. My organization has fully implemented electronic health records, with electronic medical administration records (e-MAR) being the most recent addition. The e-MAR is a system designed to aid healthcare providers in the real-time transmission of information while guaranteeing that only authorized employees have access to it. One of the difficulties with using the e-MAR is that most healthcare practitioners are unfamiliar with how to utilize it. New nurses who have never used the system before or who have not gotten proper training may find it challenging to use. As a result, they may enter medicine orders incorrectly into the system.

The two most notable advantages of e-MAR are accuracy and flexibility. In terms of precision, e-MAR reduces medication administration errors. Any order that is mistakenly entered, such as ordering the wrong dose, is flagged or hard stopped by the system. When it comes to flexibility, using Emar eliminates the challenge of finding time to administer medications or organize patient records. It makes it easier to keep track of med passes, which is the procedure of giving medications to patients. A flexible record med pass not only minimizes medication errors, but it also allows employees to focus on other patient-care activities Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

ORDER NOW

References

Alanazi, A., Alomar, M., Aldosari, H., Shahrani, A., & Aldosari, B. (2018). The effect of electronic medication administration records on the culture of patient safety: a literature review. 
Data, Informatics and Technology: An Inspiration for Improved Healthcare
, 223-226.

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2021). 
Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
. Jones & Bartlett Publishers Healthcare Information Technology Trends.

Assignment: Application of Respondent (Classical) Conditioning

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Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is heavily influenced by operant conditioning. The vast majority of your curriculum in ABA focuses on operant conditioning and its applications. However, respondent (classical) conditioning also has its appropriate applications in ABA.

The behaviorist assumptions that all learning occurs through observable interactions with the environment and the environment shapes behavior set the stage for respondent (classical) conditioning Assignment: Application of Respondent (Classical) Conditioning.

Perhaps you, or someone you know, was the victim of bullying at school. The bullying often creates emotional distress for the victim. Using the behaviorist assumptions, bullying is the interaction with the environment and the emotional distress is the behavior, or reflex, shaped by the environment. Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex. If a neutral stimulus (e.g., school) is paired with the bullying, school will come to evoke the emotional distress. At this point, the once neutral stimulus becomes known as the conditioned stimulus and evokes a learned, conditioned response of emotional distress.

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Quantifying and collecting data about observable behaviors can be used to identify effective, evidence-based therapeutic interventions that can be helpful in changing undesirable behaviors. For this Assignment, you will evaluate the role of respondent (classical) conditioning and how it might be used in practice to better understand a client’s behavior.

To Prepare:

Review this week’s Learning Resources to gain an understanding of respondent (classical) conditioning.

Consider how respondent (classical) conditioning might be used to better understand client behavior Assignment: Application of Respondent (Classical) Conditioning.

Assignment 
(1–2 pages)

Why is it important to 
not forget the role of respondent (classical) conditioning as a practicing behavior analyst?

Give an original example of how respondent (classical) conditioning could be used in your practice to better understand a client’s behavior.

Be sure to support your Assignment with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or the internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your Assignment. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources. 

By Day 7 of Week 8

Submit 
your Assignment Assignment: Application of Respondent (Classical) Conditioning.

PSYC 6717 Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning

Respondent conditioning is also known as Pavlovian conditioning and classical conditioning. It can occur when formerly neutral stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit respondents. Operant conditioning refers to the process and selective effects of consequences on behavior. Operant conditioning introduces the concepts of reinforcement and punishment and how it affects the acquisition of behavior (Cooper et. al, 2020). Respondent conditioning is unable to work for certain behaviors because it doesn’t take into account the fact that individuals still have free will and abstract minds. This type of conditioning cannot predict the future due to the mind being such a complex place that can yield various responses to one set of stimuli. For example, a child being shocked by a socket may scare then from touching one ever again or encourage them to become an electrician. However, respondent conditioning may work for behaviors that involves an individual conforming to a group around them. Classical conditioning states that nurture is more important than nature PSYC 6717 Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning. If a disruptive student is placed in a classroom of honor students who don’t laugh or pay attention to their disruptive behavior, odds are the disruptive student will conform to the other students around them. Operant conditioning may not work for behaviors that don’t require such structured methodologies. There may be a parent struggling with a misbehaving child and decides to evoke a reinforcement/punishment procedure for acceptable/unacceptable behavior. However, if the parent simply stopped to talk to the child about why their behaviors were changing and what they could do a s a team to help the child, the results from this method may produce more efficient results. A more suitable behavior that would do well with operant conditioning is potty training a puppy.

Cooper, J.O., Heron T.E., & Heward, W.L. (2020). 
Applied behavior analysis
 (3
rd
 ed.). Pearson PSYC 6717 Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning.

Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning

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Operant and respondent (classical) conditioning are both used to establish and modify behaviors. These concepts originated in the field of behavioral psychology and share similarities and differences. Perhaps the clearest example of the difference between the two concepts is whether the behavior to be modified is automatic (i.e., involuntary) or under the subject’s conscious control (i.e., voluntary).

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A thorough understanding of the similarities and differences between respondent (classical) conditioning and operant conditioning can provide you clarity about which would be most appropriate to apply in a given learning situation.

For this Discussion, you will contrast operant conditioning and respondent (classical) conditioning in the acquisition of a behavior and a rationale for the use of each. You will also identify behaviors that could be established using each technique PSYC 6717 Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning.

To Prepare

Review the Learning Resources for this week.

Contrast operant conditioning and respondent conditioning in the acquisition of a behavior and consider why each works with some behaviors and not with others.

Select two behaviors, one that could be established through operant conditioning and one that could be established through respondent conditioning.

Review the interactive media in the Learning Resources, “Respondent or Operant Conditioning?”

By Day 4 of Week 8

Post
 an explanation contrasting operant conditioning and respondent conditioning in the acquisition of a behavior. Be sure to identify why each works with some behaviors and not with others. Then, explain why each of the two behaviors you chose is more appropriate for respondent or operant conditioning.

Read
 your colleagues’ postings.

Note:
 For this discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the 
To Participate in this Discussion
 link, then select 
Create Thread
 to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on 
Submit
, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on 
Submit
!

By Day 6 of Week 8

Respond
 to at least 
two
 colleagues’ posts by expanding on each of their explanations of how their chosen behaviors are more appropriate for respondent or operant conditioning PSYC 6717 Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning.

Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or the internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your posts and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources.

Return
 to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained because of your colleagues’ comments.

 

Operant conditioning refers to a behaviour that is initiated by receiving a reward for changing a behaviour, “Cooper, et al, 2020 “. Cleaning my room as a child to go out with friends was a reward for me. I continued to increase this behaviour to continue to meet with friends. Respondent conditioning differs from operant conditioning as the behaviour occurs when it is triggered. For example, listening to different songs, each song will trigger different behaviours. Another example can be hearing a cell phone ring in the home that is familiar and you check your phone to answer but the phone ringing is from someone else in the home. There are negative behaviours that cannot be rewarded or repeated. For example, my children have tantrums all the time, I do not reward those behaviours. Respondent conditioning are also behaviours we do not fully have control over.

 

Resources

 

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson PSYC 6717 Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning.

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay

Photo Credit: GoodIdeas – stock.adobe.com

Operant and respondent (classical) conditioning are both used to establish and modify behaviors. These concepts originated in the field of behavioral psychology and share similarities and differences. Perhaps the clearest example of the difference between the two concepts is whether the behavior to be modified is automatic (i.e., involuntary) or under the subject’s conscious control (i.e., voluntary) Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay.

A thorough understanding of the similarities and differences between respondent (classical) conditioning and operant conditioning can provide you clarity about which would be most appropriate to apply in a given learning situation.

For this Discussion, you will contrast operant conditioning and respondent (classical) conditioning in the acquisition of a behavior and a rationale for the use of each. You will also identify behaviors that could be established using each technique.

To Prepare

Review the Learning Resources for this week.

Contrast operant conditioning and respondent conditioning in the acquisition of a behavior and consider why each works with some behaviors and not with others.

Select two behaviors, one that could be established through operant conditioning and one that could be established through respondent conditioning.

Review the interactive media in the Learning Resources, “Respondent or Operant Conditioning?”

By Day 4 of Week 8

Post
an explanation contrasting operant conditioning and respondent conditioning in the acquisition of a behavior. Be sure to identify why each works with some behaviors and not with others. Then, explain why each of the two behaviors you chose is more appropriate for respondent or operant conditioning Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay.

WK 8 Discussion: Respondent and Operant Conditioning

sample 1

What are the main factors for the contradiction between operant Conditioning and respondent conditioning? According to the article, Conditioning was undoubtedly not the insignificant survival of a thriving response; it increased the response rate or the reflex strength. (Skinner, 1998) We can determine that the behavior is shaped because of the consequences, and the shaping is due to either reinforcement or punishment.

Also, operant Conditioning concentrates on strengthening or weakening spontaneous behaviors. In respondent conditioning, the pairing of the neutral and unconditioned stimuli evokes a different or learned response. When focusing on automatic, involuntary behaviors and indicates the behavior is not yet displaying, not until following the Conditioning.

 

Operant conditioning works with punishing the undesirable behavior for decreasing and reinforcing the good behavior to increase. For example, we may provide stickers as a reward to the children who did great at school, and providing the reward is positive reinforcement. A different example where operant Conditioning does not work with some behavior is when there is a punishment, and we utilize punishment to decrease undesirable behavior Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay.

Nonetheless, there are occasions that instead of reducing it, the behavior that we want to decrease starts to increase. For example, if we punish a child because of his bad grades and behavior in school, she may rebel rather than behave. An example of respondent conditioning that works with some behavior is when we attempt to get rid of fear or a phobia. If someone has a phobia of dogs, and while displaying the dog, we pair it with a piece of relaxing music. It could work with moderate phobia but not with severe cases.

Increasing and decreasing a particular behavior is suitable in operant Conditioning as its primary objective is to either reinforce good behavior and punish bad behavior. Reducing any phobias or fear in respondent conditioning is also reasonable and suitable as we can apply the concepts to reduce the symptoms of the phobia undergone by a person.

Reference

Skinner, B. F. (1998). The experimental analysis of operant behavior: A history. In R. W. Rieber & K. Salzinger (Eds.), 
Psychology: Theoretical-historical perspectives
(2nd ed., pp. 289–299). American Psychological Association Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay.

Read
 your colleagues’ postings.

Note:
 For this discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the 
To Participate in this Discussion
 link, then select 
Create Thread
 to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on 
Submit
, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on 
Submit
!

By Day 6 of Week 8

Respond
 to at least 
two
 colleagues’ posts by expanding on each of their explanations of how their chosen behaviors are more appropriate for respondent or operant conditioning.

Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or the internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your posts and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources.

Return
 to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained because of your colleagues’ comments.

sample 2

Classical conditioning was described by Pavlov. In classical conditioning, the animal is passive or restrained. Here, the learning process occurs by continuous exposure and experience. It results from the repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus (which becomes conditioned) with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response (the unconditioned stimulus). Behaviors that could be developed include; Stimulus generalization-which occurs when a conditioned stimulus is transferred to another. Example if a dog begins to respond to tuning fork just as it responds to Bell. This theory would explain the ability to learn from similarities. Another behavior include; Discrimination-the process of recognizing and responding to the differences between stimuli. Example when an animal begins to respond differently to two different bells.

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Operant Conditioning was described by B.F. Skinner. The animal has to do something to get a reward or punishment. Operant Conditioning can be primary reward conditioning, escape conditioning, avoidance conditioning, secondary reward conditioning. In Primary reward conditioning; the animal learns to operate on the environment to obtain a biological reward such as food or water. In Escape conditioning; the animal learns to get out of a place it prefers not to be. In Avoidance conditioning; the animal learns to respond to a cue to avoid punishment In Secondary reward conditioning; the instrumental behavior is used to get a non biological reward which may have been used to get a biological reward. Example collecting tokens which can be exchanged for food. But later the animal just works to earn the tokes even when it is not interested in exchanging them for food.

Operant conditioning can be reinforced. A re-inforcer is anything that maintains a response or increases the strength of the response. The re-inforcer rewards the animal and reinforces the behavior (response) Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay

References

Harris, B. (2002). 
Whatever Happened to Little Albert? W.E. Pickren & D.A. Dewsbury (Eds.), Evolving perspectives on the history of psychology (pp. 237-245)
. American Psychological Association.

Cooper, J.O., Heron, T.E., (2020). 
Applied behavior analysis

Skinner, B.F (1998). 
The experimental analysis of operant behavior: A history in R.W Rieber & K. Salzinger (Eds.), Psychology: Theoretical historical perspectives
 (2
nd
 ed; pp 289-299).

Waiden University, LLC. (2021). 
Respondent and operant conditioning (Video)
. Walden University Blackboard.  https://class.walden.edu

 

sample 3

Keller and Schoenfeld (Cooper et. al, 2020 pg. 34) suggest that “operant conditioning is visible everywhere within the activities of humans from birth to death”. It considers the “consequences on behavior because they influence a response and determine if a similar response will occur again. Dr. Little (Walden University, 2021) explains how with operant conditioning the organism or human subject will “learn the relationship between their own behavior from either reinforcing or punishing consequences”.  For instance, reinforcement in operant conditioning strengthens the probability that a response will occur again. Whereas punishment decreases the likelihood that the response will occur. Operant conditioning is only concerned with how “consequences affect future behaviors” (Cooper et. al., 2020 pg. 34) Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay.

Classical or respondent conditioning on the other hand considers the “responses that the organism or human has little to no control over” (Walden University LLC., 2021). It suggests that “neutral stimuli can obtain the ability to elicit a response by learning” (Cooper et. al, 2020 pg. 30). Take Pavlov’s experiment for example. He found that a neutral stimulus by itself doesn’t elicit a response. It is only when the neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that it can elicit a response. Dr. Little (2021) explains in his lecture how an “unconditioned stimulus naturally brings about a specific behavior or response”. The “unlearned reaction or unconditioned response is then brought on by the unconditioned stimulus” (Walden University LLC., 2021).  When the neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus it becomes a conditioned stimulus that can elicit a response. The conditioned stimulus elicits the same response as the neutral stimulus. When the neutral stimulus elicits the response, it becomes a conditioned response. The conditioned response occurs when another stimulus other than one that naturally occurs produces it” (Walden University LLC., 2021). Conditioned is another way of saying something is learned. Cooper et. al. (2020) explains how “Pavlov found out that once a response was conditioned it could weaken if the conditioned stimulus was presented repeatedly whenever the unconditioned stimulus wasn’t present”.  This causes extinction, which doesn’t allow the connection to the neutral stimulus. Dr. Little (2021) says that “spontaneous recovery occurs after extinction when a behavior is able to occur if there is another presentation of the neutral stimulus”. Stimulus generalization says that a behavior can be generalized (Walden University LLC., 2021). Dr. Little (2021) continues in his lecture to explain how “stimulus discrimination allows you to respond differently to two or more stimuli that may appear similar but are very much distinct”. A conditioned response can also occur by the pairing of a neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus which is known as the higher order conditioning.

In contrasting operant and respondent conditioning: respondent conditioning is behavior that automatically occurs, and we can’t control it such as sneezing or jerking away when you’re startled by something. Whereas operant conditioning deals with behaviors that we can control. For instance, a child that completes their homework daily because their parents said that at the end of the week, they will get pizza. I think they each work with some behaviors and not others because the behaviors need to be able to be observed and measured. You can observe someone sneezing and take data on how often the individual sneezes, but you can’t take data on someone feeling hopeful or determined. I think the behavior of sneezing is more appropriate for respondent conditioning because you can’t control when you will sneeze and it is something that naturally occurs. The behavior of completing homework to obtain pizza on Fridays is something that can be controlled. The individual can control if they will get pizza or not by completing the homework Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay.

References

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.

Walden University, LLC. (2021). Respondent and operant conditioning [Video]. Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu Respondent and Operant Conditioning Essay

PSYC 6717 Discussion: Behavior and Environment

Behavior is a natural situation and it is an option exclusively for creatures to participate in it. At the end of the day, it is an organic entity’s association with the climate. A behavior that I engage in regularly is an exercise on a weekly schedule. I engage in exercise because I like the results that I gain from it. Which is, staying in shape and mental clarity, and positive reinforcement. The reaction is a response to a particular inquiry or experience. It can come in many designs which incorporate addressing an inquiry, enthusiastic response, or answering. It is a specific example of conduct. Some examples of response and response classes are:

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Model: Monica opens the rice pot grabs a hand full of rice and throws it at her parents PSYC 6717 Discussion: Behavior and Environment

Response class: attention
 

Model: Alisia is walking down the sidewalk and she unexpectedly stumbles over a ball and falls. Her first reaction is to holler ouch.
 

Response class: attention

Reaction Class is a gathering of reactions wherein it creates a similar result on the climate. It is a bunch of practices that look disparate yet fills the example need for the individual or the climate. To put it plainly, it is a few practices that have a similar capacity.
 

Model: Cleaning the dishes utilizing a wipe or a dishwasher is a gathering of reactions that might create the equivalent or similar outcomes which are needing to clean the dishes.

Reference:

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.

 

Discussion: Behavior and Environment

Photo Credit: Joaquin Corbalan – stock.adobe.com

“Behavior analysis is characterized by a functional analysis of the effects of the behavior on the environment. A response class is a group of responses with the same function (that is, each response in the group produces the same effect on the environment)” (Cooper et al., 2020, p. 27) PSYC 6717 Discussion: Behavior and Environment.

The infographic below provides three examples of response class. For example: scream, throw, hit head, and name call are specific instances of behavior, or 
responses
. Because they are a group of responses intended to produce the same effect on the environment—attention—the 
response class
 is attention.

In this Discussion, you will consider your own behavioral repertoire and identify and define examples of behavior, response, and response class.

Reference:

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). 
Applied behavior analysis 
(3rd ed.). Pearson.

To Prepare

Review the Learning Resources for this week, including the required weekly media, to gain an understanding of the relationship between behavior and environment, and related terminology.

Consider your own behavioral repertoire and identify examples of behavior, response, and response class. Review the interactive media in the Learning Resources, “Response and Response Class.”

By Day 4 of Week 7

Post
 a definition and an example of each of the following from your own behavioral repertoire:

Behavior

Response

Response Class

Read
 your colleagues’ postings.

Note:
 For this discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the 
To Participate in this Discussion
 link, then select 
Create Thread
 to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on 
Submit
, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on 
Submit
!

By Day 6 of Week 7

Respond
 to at least 
two
 colleagues’ posts by expanding on their examples of behavior, response, and response class.

Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your posts and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources PSYC 6717 Discussion: Behavior and Environment.

Return
 to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained because of your colleagues’ comments.

Submission and Grading Information

 

Behavior is an individual’s interaction with their environment involving the movement of some part of their body, Cooper, J., Heron, T., & Heward, W., (2019). The behavior that I perform everyday is walking on the treadmill. The definition of a response is an action of an organism’s effector (p. 27). Three times a week after walking on the treadmill, I lift weights to keep my body toned. A response class is group of responses with the same function that produces the same effect on the environment, Neuringer, (2009, p.27). An example of a response class in my behavioral repertoire is cooking dinner for the family.

 

Reference

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., Heward, W. L. (20190626). Applied Behavior Analysis, 3rd Edition.

Neuringer, A. (2009). Operant variability and the power of reinforcement. The Behavior Analyst Today, 10, 319–343 PSYC 6717 Discussion: Behavior and Environment.

Behavior and Environment Essay

It is relatively common for people to avoid an activity or a task based on a number of reasons (Gardner et al., 2012). Most people evade tasks because they feel uncomfortable executing them. A typical example of situations that individuals avoid is public speaking or presentations. Some are afraid of how people will react to their presentation while others just have stage fright. There is the tendency for anyone to feel anxious and worried when addressing a large crowd or group of people. The behaviors of people are different and affected by several factors such as the environment, social, or cultural background (Cooper et al., 2020) Behavior and Environment Essay.

A typical example of the behavior I engage in regularly is being conscientious. I take my time to perform any task or activity. This ranges from the assignments or exercises in school to normal house chores. I strongly believe that anything worth doing should be done perfectly. And most importantly, it transforms into getting good grades in most of my courses. People give different reactions and responses to justify their actions (Iversen, 2013). Some of the responses that people used to defend being conscientious include setting achievable goals or targets, paying attention to details, strategic planning, dedicating enough time to important tasks, and engaging in meaningful discussions.

I prefer to dedicate time to work on my tasks and activities. This will ensure that I examine the details of the tasks. Also, I would be able to analyze the task to understand it. This enables me to always complete my activities before the deadline and assist my colleagues on topics they do not understand. This is because it made it possible to digest the problem and think of the best method of solving it. I have successfully utilized the response in various settings to achieve the same outcomes.  
References

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson. Chapter 2, “Basic Concepts and Principles”, 25-46.

Gardner, B., Lally, P., & Wardle, J. (2012). Making health habitual: the psychology of ‘habit-formation’ and general practice. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 62(605), 664–666.

Iversen, L. H. (2013). Response classes: What are they, where do they come from, and where do they go? European Journal od Behavior Analysis, 14(1), 57-68 Behavior and Environment Essay.

Discussion: Behavior and Environment

Photo Credit: Joaquin Corbalan – stock.adobe.com

“Behavior analysis is characterized by a functional analysis of the effects of the behavior on the environment. A response class is a group of responses with the same function (that is, each response in the group produces the same effect on the environment)” (Cooper et al., 2020, p. 27).

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The infographic below provides three examples of response class. For example: scream, throw, hit head, and name call are specific instances of behavior, or 
responses
. Because they are a group of responses intended to produce the same effect on the environment—attention—the 
response class
is attention Behavior and Environment Essay.

In this Discussion, you will consider your own behavioral repertoire and identify and define examples of behavior, response, and response class.

Reference:

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). 
Applied behavior analysis 
(3rd ed.). Pearson.

To Prepare

Review the Learning Resources for this week, including the required weekly media, to gain an understanding of the relationship between behavior and environment, and related terminology.

Consider your own behavioral repertoire and identify examples of behavior, response, and response class. Review the interactive media in the Learning Resources, “Response and Response Class.”

By Day 4 of Week 7

Post
 a definition and an example of each of the following from your own behavioral repertoire:

Behavior

Response

Response Class

Read
 your colleagues’ postings.

Note:
 For this discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the 
To Participate in this Discussion
 link, then select 
Create Thread
 to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on 
Submit
, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on 
Submit
!

By Day 6 of Week 7

Respond
 to at least 
two
colleagues’ posts by expanding on their examples of behavior, response, and response class Behavior and Environment Essay.

Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your posts and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources.

Return
 to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained because of your colleagues’ comments.

Every being has their own personal repertoire which is referred to as all of the behaviors a person can do. It specifically refers to all the behaviors a person can do depending on their social setting. A being wouldn’t typically behave the same way they do at a baseball game than they do the Met Gala. Behavior specifically is defined as the portion of an organism’s interaction with its environment that involves movement of some part of the organism (Cooper et. al, 2020). Using myself as an example I could define my behavior inside of a soccer game as cheering and clapping my hands. However, behavior is typically used in reference to a class of responses. The definition of a response is an action of an organism’s effector (effector is an organ at the end of an efferent nerve fiber that is specialized for altering its environment mechanically, chemically, or in other terms of other changes) (Cooper et. al, 2020). For example, if I’m at that same soccer game and it’s a close match my hands will start sweating and my stomach will start hurting. A response class is a group of responses with the same function (Cooper et. al, 2020). So a response class would be my signing my signature because it serves as the same function no matter the setting.

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). 
Applied behavior analysis
 (3
rd
ed.). Pearson Behavior and Environment Essay