Tag: Paper Writing

The Brewing Night
It was that moment night when I heard it,
Yes, I heard it all.
That night sleep deserted me;
So I lay awake, sleep in all my senses.
It was long past midnight.
Time dragged on, the clock couldnt chime / tick
The dog wouldnt bark, nor the baby cry;
It was a moonless and windless night;
The whole universe seemed to stagnate
In dark, dreary, dead slumber.
What was amiss? I knew not.
The dead quietness and solitude
Seemed to be eternal – but
Waves of babbling and muttering
Began to trickle through the street;
the air;
Humed footsteps echoed through the street
What was amiss? I knew not.
I pulled my curtain to see,
And then I saw it all
Heavy boots, thick uniforms and solid helmets
Dimly discernible under the pale street lamp
The atmosphere stood stiff and solid with
Brawny-faced and clenched – teeth determination
Thus the cauldron had boiled that sleepless night
The night had pulsed with passions high and wild;
The streets were stained with new portraits framed;
The wheel changed hands and new plans were filed.
The morning saw the country strangely dressed
And every one attended the rally
To hear the eloquence from a strange face,
And everyone quietly nodded and said, yes.
Questions.
The night was unusual as explained in stanza one and two.
Identify three things that explain this night.                  (3mks)
Explain the meaning of the following phrases as used in the poem:
In dark, dreary, dears slumber.                     (1mk)
Waves of babbling and muttering.                     (1mk)
Heavy boots, thick uniforms and solid Helmets               (1mk)
How appropriate is the tittle of the poem?                  (2mks)
From this poem Identify three figures of speech or elements of style and show how effective they are.
Comment on the mood depicted in the poem.                  (2mks)
What is the significance of the last stanza.                  (4mks)
Q2. ORAL LITERATURE (2O MARKS)
Read the Oral narrative below and then answer the questions that follow:
The Hyena and The Hare
Once upon a time the Hare and the Hyena were very good friends. They visited each other every day and herded their cows together.
There came a time when the cows started dying one after the other. The two friends wanted to find out why the cows were dying. The Hare said: Let us go and kill our mothers and take out their livers. We shall then cook and taste these livers. The bitter liver will show whose mother was making the cows die.
At once the Hyena went and killed his mother. He took out the liver and cooked it. The Hare went and hid his mother in the garden in the bushy banana trees. He then went and killed an antelope, took out its liver and cooked it.
The two friends met to eat their livers. My liver is very bitter, said the Hyena. Mine is very sweet, the Hare said. So it was your mother who was making our cows die. The Hyena kept quiet and went home feeling sad. He moved from the old house to a small one because now he had no mother. The Hare did the same.
After a short time, there was great famine in the land. The two friends decided that each of them was to look for food, on alternative days sharing on an equal basis what was available. When it was brought, the Hare refused to eat because he had secretly gone to his mother who had given him some bananas. This went on for many days and the and the Hyena grew thinner and thinner. Then he started wondering: How does my friend remain fat and he doesnt eat anything. I will find out.
One day he followed the Hare. The Hare went to his mother as usual. Mother, mother, I have come and the mother dropped some bananas which the Hare ate quickly. He then looked for some honeycombs and took them to his friend. This is all I could find my friend. The Hyena kept quiet. The next day he went to the banana tree and called. His voice however was very deep and no banana were dropped for him.
There was an Old Hyena who was staying at the end of the forest and used to give advice to people. So Hares friend went to her and told her his problem. Go and put your tongue on the path of black ants, he was told. Let them bite your tongue until it hurts, Thats how your voice will be soft.
The Hyena went and did as he was told. When he went to the Hares mother his voice was soft as the Hares Mother, mother I have come. And Hares mother dropped bananas for him. Then he told her to come and greet him. When he came down and saw it was Hyena she screamed but there was nobody near to help. The Hyena killed her immediately.
The Hyena went and met the Hare as usual saying nothing about the Hares mother. The following day it was the Hares turn. He went to his usual place. Mother, mother, I have come, but this time no bananas came. Mother he called again. He climbed up. There was nobody. Having seen some blood on the ground, the Hare knew what had happened to his mother.
When the Hare got back to the Hyenas house, he said nothing. At night, the Hare took all the cows including Hyenas and went away to live in another part of the country. That ended the Hares and Hyenas friendship. (Taken from a Girl who could not keep quiet by Rose Mwangi)
Identify any four features in this story that are characteristic of Oral narratives.   (4mks)
Try to picture yourself as the story-teller charged with the responsibility of narrating this particular story. What story-telling devices you employ?            (6mks)
Compare and contrast the two major characters in this story.            (6mks)
Give a proverb from your community illustrating the moral lesson from this story.   (4mks)

In a recent paper, a student wrote:
The article says that students perform at higher academic level if they complete homework frequently.  There are 2 mistakes in academic writing style in this sentence.
first tell what the two mistakes are.
whats the correct way to write the sentence so it would be acceptable
APA 6th edition writing

Frustration at the Airport.
1.      I had never been more anxious in my life. I had just spent the last three endless hours trying to get to the airport so that I could travel home. Now, as I watched the bus driver set my luggage on the airport sidewalk, I realized that my frustration had only just begun.
2.      This was my first visit to the international terminal of the airport, and nothing was familiar. I could not make sense of any of the signs. Where was the check-in counter? Where should I take my luggage? I had no idea where the immigration line was. I began to panic. What time was it? Where was my plane? I had to find help because I could not be late!
3.      I tried to ask a passing businessman for help, but my words all came out wrong. He just scowled and walked away. What had happened? I had been in this country for a whole semester, and I could not even remember how to ask for directions. This was awful! Another bus arrived at the terminal, and the passengers came out carrying all sorts of luggage. Here was my chance! I could follow them to the right place, and I would not have to say a word.
4.      I dragged my enormous suitcase behind me and followed the group. We finally reached the elevators. Oh, no! They all fit in it, but there was not enough room for me. I watched in despair as the elevator doors closed. I had no idea what to do next. I got on the elevator when it returned and gazed at all the buttons. Which one could it be? I pressed button 3. The elevator slowly climbed up to the third floor and jerked to a stop. A high, squeaking noise announced the opening of the doors, and I looked around timidly.
5.      Tears formed in my eyes as I saw the deserted lobby and realized that I would miss my plane. Just then an elderly airport employee shuffled around the corner. He saw that I was lost and asked if he could help. He gave me his handkerchief to dry my eyes as I related my predicament. He smiled kindly, and led me down a long hallway. We walked up some stairs, turned a corner, and, at last, there was customs! He led me past all the lines of people and pushed my luggage to the inspection counter.
6.      When I turned to thank him for all his help, he was gone. I will never know that kind man’s name, but I will always remember his unexpected courtesy. He helped me when I needed it the most. I can only hope that one day I will be able to do the same for another traveler who is suffering through a terrible journey.
What is the theme of “Frustration at the Airport”?
Read the last sentences in Paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5. How does the narrator prepare the reader for the action to come?
What is the mood of the story? What are the hints that the writer gave for you to distinguish the mood?
The essay was written in sequential manner. Narrate what happened in the essay.
Does the story end with a moral, prediction, or revelation? Write the final sentence here

QUESTION 1
Pick the correct sentence from the group of three:
a.Alexi says that him and Sonya are going to the movies tonight.
b.He says that Sonya and himself go out together every weekend.
c.He feels that he and Sonya make a good team.
QUESTION 2
Pick the correct sentence from the group of three:
a.Sonya says that coffee dates offer a good chance for she and Jim to chat.
b.Any kind of date suits Alexi, as long as he and she can get together.
c.Sonya, whom is a friendly girl, is very popular and busy.
QUESTION 3
Pick the correct sentence from the group of three:
a.I must ask he or his brother where they are planning to stay in Montreux.
b.Who did they write to, to get information about the festival?
c.Marta and I would love to go to a jazz festival.
QUESTION 4
Identify the wrongly used pronoun, if any; otherwise, choose “correct.”
Philippa thinks that you, I and herself should get together for a study session.
a.you
b.I
c.herself
d.correct
QUESTION 5
Explain what, if anything, is wrong with the sentence; otherwise, choose “correct.”
Who did you see at the movies last night?
a.subject pronoun used as object
b.object pronoun used as subject
c.correct
QUESTION 6
Pick the correct sentence from the group of three:
a.Don’t you think that me and you should have lunch soon?
b.You pick a restaurant because you know the good places better than myself.
c.Then you and I can catch up on all the gossip.
QUESTION 7
Explain what, if anything, is wrong with the sentence; otherwise, choose “correct.”
Sam says that him and his friend are going to Paris.
a.subject pronoun used as object
b.object pronoun used as subject
c.correct
QUESTION 8
Pick the correct sentence from the group of three:
a.Robinder says that his brother and he are both jazz fans.
b.Him and his brother are going to the Montreux Jazz Festival this year.
c.Jazz is a diverting hobby for Robinder, whom is by profession an archaeologist.
QUESTION 9
Identify the wrongly used pronoun, if any; otherwise, choose “correct.”
Sonya and myself don’t know who Sam’s girlfriend is; it’s a puzzle to Susan and me.
a.myself
b.who
c.me
d.correct
QUESTION 10
Explain what, if anything, is wrong with the sentence; otherwise, choose “correct.”
Alexi says that Sonya and he have a date for New Year’s Eve.
a.subject pronoun used as object
b.object pronoun used as subject
c.correct

Jordyn Allen placed second in the 2017 National Speech & Debate Tournament. She delivered a speech entitled, The Birds and the Weaves. As you listen to her speech, answer the following questions regarding informative speeches: 1. Did her speech describe, instruct or explain?Justify your answer. 2. What was her speci?c purpose? 3. What were her three main points? 4. What was her organizational strategy, explain? 5. Did she provide significant research, explain? 6. Was there any portion of her speech that was offensive, explain?

KAHURU THE CROW
One day Wamabuku, the rabbit decided to give a party. He invited all the other animals that had invited him before to similar parties. For the party Wamabuku had slaughtered many fat goats and cows. On the day of the party, Wamabuku got all his servants to decorate his house for the fiesta. All the animals arrived in rapid succession – Wamuthige the hyena and his family, Wamacege the porcupine, Kahuru the crow and may others.
The animals ate the meat to their satisfaction. After the meal they began to dance. In the evening, the party was over and animals prepared to leave. Wamuthige the hyena and his family being greedy animals decided to get more meat from Wamabuku was surprised at their greed and decided to teach them a lesson. Wamabuku told the hyena that only the “undesirable” fat meat was remaining. Since hyena love fat meat their mouths became moist with saliva.
Wamabuku then sent his servants to the garden to collect all his young thriving gourds. The gourds were split into halves. The succulent white inside called “mego” was removed. Since it is exceedingly bitter so liquid fat was poured over the ‘mego’. The hyenas were shown the melting mego. At the sight, the hyenas became panicky.
Wamuthige, after some thinking, called “Kahuru,” he said, please get a thread and needle. Then come and knit out outlets tight so that when we have eaten all this melting meat, we shall not water any. It is so sweet and we can’t afford to have delicacies waster.”
Kahuru, being a kind-hearted family, went to fetch a needle and thread. Meanwhile the hyenas ate nearly all the mego. When Kahuru returned with the needle and thread he was asked to start his operation on the hyenas.
The mego in the hyenas stomachs had intermingled with the meat and other food. All the hyenas were suffering from flatulence. When Kahuru started, the hyenas started to get stouter and stouter due to the air in their stomachs. The hyenas brought their hindquarters as near to Wakahuru as possible so that Wakahuru did not miss any.
When the hyenas were so swollen up that they could swell not more all their back openings burst with pressure. All the stuff from inside the hyenas liquid and solid, was deposited on him. So much was put there, that he lay covered all over and helpless. The hyenas left without helping Kahuru from his disgrace. Kahuru did not know what had happened and anyway, he was not to blame.
That night, the rain fell in abundance and drenched the countryside. Kahuru was cleaned. He flew to the nearest tree and perched there. In the morning he found he could see and flew to his home.
A few weeks later Kahuru decided to give a feast especially for the hyenas. He notified Wamuthige, who collected all the hyenas. The party was to be in Kahuru’s home. Kahuru was to carry all the hyenas up, since hyenas don’t fly. Kahuru chose a spot where the hyenas could assemble, and told them to hold each other by the tail. Then Kahuru would take Wamuthige who would be in the front. Thus all the other hyenas would be pulled behind in along string.
While they were waiting, the hyenas hanced, singing.
We are going up high to eat fat, fat meat,
And we we say ‘fat’
We mean meat purely white
When Kahuru arrived and picked up the first hyena all others followed still singing happily. When they had flown up many miles, Kahuru shouted at the last hyena, “Can you still see the ground?” “Yes,” was the reply. They flew on, still singing until they could see the ground no longer.
Then Kahuru told the hyenas to stop singing and make ready for “white” meat. Then all of a sudden, he let Wamuthige go, and through the air the hyenas dropped. The fall was a great one. Kahuru flew down, and from a safe distance, jeered teasingly at the groaning, fractured cripples. Then he flew happily back to his home.
QUESTIONS:
a. Classify this narrative. Give reasons                  (2 mks)
b. Identify three features in the narrative and explain the effect of each.      (3 mks)
c. State and explain the character trait of
I. Wamuthige                     (1 mks)
II. Kahuru                        (1 mks)
d. What do we learn about the socio-economic activities of the people from whom this narrative was taken?                        (4 mks)
e. What is the function of a song in this narrative.               (4 mks)
f. (i) Give one moral lesson that we learn from this narrative.         (1 mks)
(ii) Suggest a proverb to summarize the lesson you have given.         (2 mks)
(iii) State two performance techniques that would be used to make this narrative enjoyable.
(2 mks)
The River and the source by “Margaret Ogola pg 22-23
Feel free to do so………………………………… Ayie, I have accepted.
1.Place the extract in its immediate context (4mrks)
2.”Women are all the same Owour- lets get out of here” said Otieno. Write in reported speech.                              (2mrks)
3.Explain the character of
I. The chief- Owour
II. Odero
iii. Otieno                           (6mrks)
4.Explain the meaning of the underlined words
a. You will be Owour Kemboi a man of style the famous or who paid up without demur.
b. Why should these people vip us like this.
c. A son in law had to comport himself with great dignity. (3mks)
5.Identify and explain two styles used in the extract.
6.”All women are not the same”. The Chief observed. Explain what happens later in the novel to justify this in the life of the chief               (2mrks)
7.Why is Akoko feeling that her father should give her a piece of land.      (2mrks)
8.Why is the ” Mikai” important in this culture”               (2mrks)
GRAMMAR
Use the correct form of words in brackets to complete each of the following sentences (3mks)
1.Nobody expected the company to make ___________________________ (lose)
2.The three_______________ (passer-by) were arrested.
3.She has spent a lot of time______________________ (beautiful) her compound.
Correct the errors in the following sentences
I) It is an important occasion
iiThe cite was lovely
iii. It is embracing to mispronounce words (3mks)
Fill in the blank forming adjectives from the given in brackets.
I. John was _______________________ of his neighbours success (envy)
ii. I felt ________________________ about not being able to help (awe)
iii. He took a _________________ leave after the father died (compassion) (3mks)
Fill the blank spaces with the correct preposition
1.I am indebted _________________ him for the help he gave me.
2.She has always confided_______________ him.
3.The ailing man has been in bed__________________ the whole week. (3mrks)
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given. Do not change the meaning.
1.He threatened us. He was insolent
(Begin: Not only)
2.You will only succeed if you work hard
(Rewrite using unless)
3.When the people burst into the councillors office he had not even sat down.
(Begin hardly)

Collections
Grade 10 Guiding Questions
Collection 3
”
from
Simplexity” by Jeffrey Kluger
Read the selection from the science writing
Simplexity
by Jeffrey Kluger.  Then, reread the lines indicated with each question below.  Answer each question, citing text evidence.
Page 129
Lines 1-7: Science writers often use a cause-and-effect organization to explain the relationships between events and ideas. What is the thesis, or main point of the writing, that states the cause-and-effect relationship?
The dissection to do something simple has its own complex twist to it. Like it has different thing relying
on what happens like luck or guesswork.
Lines 7-11: Determine what role fluid dynamics (line 9) plays in people’s movements.
The way you are thinking and what is happening or what will happen next.
_______________________________________________
Page 130
Lines 41-50: What are causes and effects in this relationship?
People were making ciaos to evacuate so they made it a better flow of people
__________________________________________________
Page 131
Lines 70-86: What words signal causes and effects in the second paragraph?  Identify two of the cause-and-effect relationships.
Page 132
Lines 109-111: Determine the meaning of
pure speed
.
Lines 112-125: Identify two assumed cause-and-effect relationships in these lines that resulted in the announcement.

20. Lines 346-370: Summarize the fight and the crowd’s reactions, showing how dominance shifts between Samadu and Abeeba. 21. Lines 381-385: What details in these lines show the crowd behaving as one person? How does the crowd feel about Abeeba’s dominance? What conclusions can you draw about crowd behavior from the passage? 22. Lines 390-413: What does Abeeba accomplish by winning the fight with Samadu? What does Abeeba’s win reveal about her true nature? What does Mallam Sile’s reaction (lines 406-413) reveal about his character? 23. Lines 416-440: What specific detail reveals Mallam Sile’s beliefs about dealing with conflict? How does Abeeba feel about her husband’s approach to conflict? What evidence from the text supports your inference? Based upon your inferences, what conclusions, if any. can you draw about Abeeba’s role in her marriage? 24. Lines 426-440; What is troubling Mallam Sile at the beginning of the passage? How does Sile ease his troubled mind? What conclusions does he come to? How does the author want readers to feel about Mallam Sile? How do you know?

Lines 426-440: What is troubling Mallam Sile at the beginning of the passage? How does Sile ease his troubled mind? What
conclusions does he come to? How does the author want readers to feed about Mallam Side? How do you know?

1. Which strategy will make this sample introduction more effective?
When Hansel and Gretel are heartlessly cast off into the woods to meet their fate at the home of the witch, it’s their stepmother who coldly sends them away so as to have fewer mouths to feed. Cinderella’s wicked stepmother abuses her and forces her to spend her days tending to domestic chores while the stepmother and her “real” daughters live a life of luxury and ease. Same with Snow White; her stepmother tries to have her killed in a fit of jealousy over Snow White’s superior beauty. This essay will argue that the theme of the “wicked stepmother” in these classic fairytales has influenced the portrayal of stepmothers in modern literature. By examining eight best-selling novels of the 21st century, I believe I can prove that this argument is valid.
a.)The introduction should provide an error-free overview of the essay topic.
b.)The introduction should give the reader a sense of the material that will be used in the essay to develop the argument.
c.)The introduction should provide an attention-grabbing opener, such as an example, anecdote, quotation, or question.
d.)The introduction should project confidence and should assert the main claim of the essay without hesitation.
2. Which action should be taken to make this body paragraph more effective?
Thesis: School uniforms should be adopted by all school districts because they have positive effects on student experience.
Body Paragraph: School uniforms benefit students by creating a more harmonious environment at school and reducing tardiness. They create  a more harmonious environment by breaking down class barriers by eliminating divisions between students over clothing and brand choices. Gallagher (2014) found a 67% reduction in bullying in schools in the United States that have adopted school uniforms. As she explains, “students lose the markers of status that come with more expensive or more fashionable items” (p. 54). And school uniforms don’t have to be ugly. They can be brightly colored and designed to reflect current trends, so students will actually want to wear them. Another benefit of school uniforms is their effect on student tardiness. Researchers have found that a school uniform policy adopted in one Virginia county in 2010 reduced student tardiness by 83% (Jones et al., 2016). Their research surveyed students who directly credited their freedom from having to make wardrobe choices for their improved punctuality.
a.)Irrelevant detail should be eliminated from the body paragraph to keep the focus on the main argument of the essay.
b.)A personal observation should be added to prove that the author has direct experience with what he or she is arguing.
c.)Source-based evidence that is more specific should be selected in order to make the argument less general and more compelling.
d.)A stronger topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph and directly supports the thesis statement should be written.
3. Choose the sentence from the following paragraph that is missing a citation or is otherwise improperly cited.
The Supreme Court’s decision to desegregate public schools in Brown v. Board of Education defined the rights of children living in a democracy to enjoy political and social equality, but to what effect? Immediately following the Supreme Court’s decision, Thurgood Marshall, the chief lawyer for the plaintiffs in the case, expressed optimism for the future when he estimated that school desegregation would be eliminated nationwide in “up to five years” (Patterson, 2001). However, ten years after the court ruling, only 18% of school districts in the South were officially desegregated (Jeffries, 2010). Other historians have pointed out that schools in the North were also slow and difficult to desegregate due to long-established residential patterns. Clearly, the difficult work of ensuring African-American civil rights was hardly over.
a.)Immediately following the Supreme Court’s decision, Thurgood Marshall, the chief lawyer for the plaintiffs in the case, expressed optimism for the future when he estimated that school desegregation would be eliminated nationwide in “up to five years.”
b.)Other historians have pointed out that schools in the North were also slow and difficult to desegregate due to long-established residential patterns.
c.)However, ten years after the court ruling, only 18% of school districts in the South were officially desegregated.
d.)The Supreme Court’s decision to desegregate public schools in Brown v. Board of Education defined the rights of children living in a democracy to enjoy political and social equality, but to what effect?
4. Which action takes place during the revising and editing stages of the research writing process?
a.)Searching for punctuation mistakes that can obscure meaning
b.)Gathering information from sources to develop the argument
c.)Changing the order of sentences within a paragraph to improve the flow of ideas
d.)Deciding which quotations to include in the essay
5. Which action takes place during the revising and editing stages of the research writing process?
a.)Determining the research topic
b.)Eliminating sentences that disrupt the unity of a paragraph
c.)Double-checking citations for accuracy and completion
d.)Checking words for appropriate spelling
6. Which action takes place during the revising and editing stages of the research writing process?
a.)Eliminating areas of wordiness to make ideas as direct as possible
b.)Making sure that there are no grammatical errors
c.)Brainstorming ideas that may be included in the essay
d.)Double-checking quotations for accuracy
7. Choose the sentence from the following paragraph that is missing a citation or is otherwise improperly cited.
The Supreme Court’s decision to desegregate public schools in Brown v. Board of Education defined the rights of children living in a democracy to enjoy political and social equality, but to what effect? Immediately following the Supreme Court’s decision, Thurgood Marshall, the chief lawyer for the plaintiffs in the case, expressed optimism for the future when he estimated that school desegregation would be eliminated nationwide in “up to five years” (Patterson). However, ten years after the court ruling, only 18% of school districts in the South were officially desegregated, and schools in the North were also slow to desegregate due to long-established residential patterns (Klingman, 1992). Clearly, the difficult work of ensuring African-American civil rights was hardly over.
a.)Clearly, the difficult work of ensuring African-American civil rights was hardly over.
b.)However, ten years after the court ruling, only 18% of school districts in the South were officially desegregated, and schools in the North were also slow to desegregate due to long-established residential patterns.
c.)The Supreme Court’s decision to desegregate public schools in Brown v. Board of Education defined the rights of children living in a democracy to enjoy political and social equality, but to what effect?
d.)Immediately following the Supreme Court’s decision, Thurgood Marshall, the chief lawyer for the plaintiffs in the case, expressed optimism for the future when he estimated that school desegregation would be eliminated nationwide in “up to five years.”
8. Choose the sentence from the following paragraph that is missing a citation or is otherwise improperly cited.
The Supreme Court’s decision to desegregate public schools in Brown v. Board of Education defined the rights of children living in a democracy to enjoy political and social equality, but to what effect? Immediately following the Supreme Court’s decision, Thurgood Marshall, the chief lawyer for the plaintiffs in the case, expressed optimism for the future when he estimated that school desegregation would be eliminated nationwide in “up to five years” (Patterson, 2001). However, ten years after the court ruling, only 18% of school districts in the South were officially desegregated, and schools in the North were also slow to desegregate due to long-established residential patterns (p. 352). Clearly, the difficult work of ensuring African-American civil rights was hardly over.
a.)The Supreme Court’s decision to desegregate public schools in Brown v. Board of Education defined the rights of children living in a democracy to enjoy political and social equality, but to what effect?
b.)However, ten years after the court ruling, only 18% of school districts in the South were officially desegregated, and schools in the North were also slow to desegregate due to long-established residential patterns.
c.)Immediately following the Supreme Court’s decision, Thurgood Marshall, the chief lawyer for the plaintiffs in the case, expressed optimism for the future when he estimated that school desegregation would be eliminated nationwide in “up to five years.”
d.)Clearly, the difficult work of ensuring African-American civil rights was hardly over.
9. Which strategy will make this sample introduction more effective?
In the early 1980s, the United States Department of Agriculture, in an attempt to make it easier for schools to comply with nutritional regulations regarding school lunches, reclassified condiments such as pickle relish as vegetables. The public outcry was swift, and the federal government was accused of harming children by replacing healthy vegetables with sugary sauces and seasonings. Everyone knows that vegetables are an important part of a nutritious and well-balanced diet, as this incident demonstrates. But can parents go too far? Does making young children follow a vegetarian diet actually benefit them? The answer is no. Strict vegetarianism can do more harm than good for children.
a.)The introduction should provide an attention-grabbing opener, such as an example, anecdote, quotation, or question.
b.)The introduction should project confidence and should assert the main claim of the essay without hesitation.
c.)The introduction should provide an error-free overview of the paper topic and include an argument.
d.)The introduction should provide more of a road map for the reader, including more detail about the thesis and the kinds of information that will be used to support the argument.
10. Which strategy will make this sample introduction more effective?
Vaccination is an important issue. All children in the United States should be vaccinated according to vaccination schedules set by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for their own health and for the public welfare. There are three reasons why this is a good idea. First, data compiled by the CDC shows that children who are vaccinated according to schedule are healthier and less likely to develop serious illnesses than those who are not. Second, studies of local, episodic outbreaks of measles have shown that a small circle of unvaccinated people can have a large impact on the health of a community. Third, studies that link vaccinations to adverse outcomes have been entirely discredited by medical experts. Each of these reasons will be explored in detail in this paper.
a.)The introduction should project confidence and should assert the main claim of the essay without hesitation.
b.)The introduction should be more organized, providing an error-free and concise overview of the paper topic.
c.)The introduction should provide an attention-grabbing opener, such as an example, anecdote, quotation, or question.
d.)The introduction should provide more of a road map for the reader, including more detail about the thesis and the kinds of information that will be used to support the argument.
11. Which action should be taken to make this body paragraph more effective?
Thesis: School uniforms should be adopted by all school districts because they have positive effects on student experience.
Body Paragraph: School uniforms benefit students by creating a more harmonious environment at school and reducing tardiness. They create  a more harmonious environment by eliminating divisions between students over clothing and brand choices. For example, students who can afford fashionable or expensive clothing are less likely to self-segregate when everyone is wearing the same thing. Another benefit of school uniforms is their effect on student tardiness. If a student doesn’t have to spend time in the morning deciding what to wear, he or she is more likely to arrive to school on time.
a.)Irrelevant detail should be eliminated from the body paragraph to keep the focus on the main argument of the essay.
b.)Source-based evidence that is more specific should be selected in order to make the argument less general and more compelling.
c.)A personal observation should be added to prove that the author has direct experience with what he or she is arguing.
d.)A stronger topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph and directly supports the thesis statement should be written.
12. Which action should be taken to make this body paragraph more effective?
Thesis: School uniforms should be adopted by all school districts because they have positive effects on student experience.
Body Paragraph: School uniforms are used by countries all over the world, from Argentina to Great Britain. They can break down class barriers by eliminating divisions between students over clothing and brand choices. Gallagher (2014) found a 67% reduction in bullying in schools in the United States that have adopted school uniforms. As she explains, “students lose the markers of status that come with more expensive or more fashionable items” (p. 54). Researchers have found that a school uniform policy adopted in one Virginia county in 2010 reduced student tardiness by 83% (Jones et al., 2016). Their research surveyed students who directly credited their freedom from having to make wardrobe choices for their improved punctuality.
a.)Irrelevant detail should be eliminated from the body paragraph to keep the focus on the main argument of the essay.
b.)Source-based evidence that is more specific should be selected in order to make the argument less general and more compelling.
c.)A stronger topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph and directly supports the thesis statement should be written.
d.)A personal observation should be added to prove that the author has direct experience with what he or she is arguing.