NURS 6521 Week 2 assignment drug treatment plans

NURS 6521 Week 2 assignment drug treatment plans

Week 2

In Week 2, we will continue our pharmacology journey and apply the concepts to the cardiovascular system. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the two branches of pharmacology. Remember, pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (ie diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.

ASSIGNMENT

Submit your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 1 (Sunday night, 11:59 pm ET).

Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories.

For your week 2 assignment, evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis.

To Prepare:

Review assignment rubric and case studies. Be sure to thoroughly answer ALL questions.

Explain the problem and discuss how you would address the problem.

When recommending medications, write out a complete prescription for each medication. A complete prescription includes the following information: drug, dose, route, frequency, duration (if applicable), quantity, # of refills and indication for use. An example of a complete prescription is as follows: lisinopril 10mg #30 tabs, take 1 tab PO once daily for high blood pressure, refills: 2.

Answer questions using your required learning resources, clinical practice guidelines, Medscape, etc.

Include at least three references to support each scenario and cite them in APA format. Please include in-text citations. You do not need an introduction or conclusion paragraph.

SCENARIO 1

Why are cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) important in drug metabolism? The majority of medications are metabolized by what CYP enzyme? Utilizing the Medscape pill identifier, enter the following characteristics to identify the medication. What CYP enzyme metabolizes this medication?
Write a sample prescription for it
.

Imprint (ATO 40) Shape (Oval) Color (White) Form (Tablet) Scoring (None)

SCENARIO 2

JS is a 56-year-old female presenting with redness, warmth and tingling sensation in her neck and face. Current medications include semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.5 mg SC qWeek and Niacin 1,000 mg BID. She is 5’4” and weighs 175 lbs. Fasting lipid profile shows total cholesterol 200, LDL cholesterol 110, and Triglycerides 150. Blood pressure readings of 139/91 and 140/89. What is the patient’s HDL? BMI? What are goal Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and Triglyceride levels for JS? What treatment plan would you implement (include complete medication orders)? How would you monitor the effectiveness of your treatment plan? How many risk factors for coronary artery disease does she have? Identify them specifically.

SCENARIO 3

CL is a 48-year-old African American male with blood pressure readings today of 159/91 and 165/95. He states he is taking Advil Cold & Sinus for a cold x 1 week.

Additional medications include adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneous injection every other week, Wellbutrin XL 300 mg daily and pantoprazole 40 mg daily 30 minutes before breakfast. How would you treat CL? What would you prescribe (include complete medication order)? What is his goal blood pressure per JNC 8?

SCENARIO 4

Does nitroglycerin have a high or low first pass effect? Please discuss why this is important to know and how it relates to bioavailability. What route has 100% bioavailability? In addition to parenterally, how can this medication be given to counter the first pass effect? Write a
sample prescription for this medication
.

 

Note on Assignment Attempts

Students are expected to review their work and submissions of work carefully prior to due dates. Unless otherwise approved by the faculty, students are allowed one submission of graded work per assignment. While the classroom allows for multiple submissions, once an assignment is graded, submissions will no longer be accepted unless approved by the faculty. If an assignment is submitted prior to the assignment deadline and has not yet been graded, then students may submit a revised assignment prior to the assignment deadline. NURS 6521 Week 2 assignment drug treatment plans Once the deadline has passed, resubmission is not permitted.

Late Assignment Policy

Students are expected to submit assignments by the due dates noted in the course and welcome announcement. In extenuating circumstances, such as illness, the student must contact the instructor as soon as possible to discuss the situation. In those circumstances, faculty will determine the appropriate course of action for the student. Depending on the situation, these actions may include recommendations to drop the course (if within the university drop/withdrawal period), acceptance of some or all of the overdue assignments with or without penalties, or failure to accept assignments.

Assignments submitted late without the prior agreement of the instructor, outside of an emergency absence, or in violation of agreements for late submission, will receive a grade reduction for the assignment amounting up to 20%. Each day late will result in a 4% point deduction up to day 5. After 5 days, the assignment will be graded a zero.

NURS 6521 Week 2 assignment drug treatment plans

 

NURS 6521 Week 2 assignment drug treatment plans

Drug Treatment Plans

Scenario 1

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) emerge as an important aspect in the metabolism of drugs. The enzymes are especially ideal in enhancing the oxidation of organic substances and play a critical part in the detoxification of the body from drugs. The CYPs help in converting the lipophilic substances and turning them into polar substances that are readily excreted from the system. The CYPs also have a role in activating the prodrugs which are given in an inactive form and require the impacts of such agents to get metabolized into their active form. Further, the CYPs are also able to potentially metabolize dangerous substances like carcinogens into less hazardous materials. The most popular CYP enzyme is the CYP3A4 enzyme. This substance is able to greatly metabolize close to 50 percent of all medications (Zhao et al., 2021). The enzyme contains huge contents of substrate specificity that has crucial drug-drug interactions and variations in medicines metabolism in patients.

When applying the Medscape pill identifier using the produced attributes of (Imprint (ATO 40) Shape (Oval) Color (White) Form (Tablet) Scoring (None) depicts that this medication is Atorvastatin 40mg well known as Lipitor effective in reducing the levels of cholesterol in the body. The CYP enzyme that is active in metabolizing the Atorvastatin is CYP3A4. Persons using this drug should take caution about the drug’s side effects (Esteves et al., 2021). A sample prescription of the drug is:

Patient name: Joe

DOB: 1995

Medication: Atorvastatin

Strength: 40 mg

From: tablet

Amount: 30

Administration: take one PO per day during the evening

Refills: 11

Prescribed by:

Date:

Scenario 2

HDL amounts

HDL is calculated in the formula: DHDL =Total cholesterol- LDL – (Triglyceride’s/5), thus according to the values provided then HDL=200-110-(150/5)-50mg/dl

The calculation of BMI uses the following formula: BMI-weight kgs/height m
2
. According to the scenario the patient has a height of 5’4” which is 1.63 m kgs while her weight is 175 lbs. which translates to 79.38 kgs. Thus the BM