Category: Nursing

  • NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

    NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

    Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

    When politics and medical science intersect, there can be much debate. Sometimes anecdotes or hearsay are misused as evidence to support a particular point. Despite these and other challenges, however, evidence-based approaches are increasingly used to inform health policy decision-making regarding causes of disease, intervention strategies, and issues impacting society. One example is the introduction of childhood vaccinations and the use of evidence-based arguments surrounding their safety.

    In this Discussion, you will identify a recently proposed health policy and share your analysis of the evidence in support of this policy NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    To Prepare:

    Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.

    Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.

    By Day 3 of Week 7

    Post
     a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.

    The proposed health policy I have chosen is the Suicide Training and Awareness Nationally Delivered for Universal Prevention Act of 2021 (STANDUP Act of 2021). The STANDUP Act of 2021 would require state and local agencies to implement evidence-based suicide awareness and prevention training strategies (Congress.gov, n.d.). Suicide ranks tenth in leading causes of death in the United States (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d.). Many of these deaths could be prevented if more Americans had access to appropriate mental health care and varying treatment modalities.

    There is an evidence base to support the proposed policy. A study was conducted in Denmark where, following an episode of self-harm, individuals attended various therapy, including cognitive, problem-solving, crisis, dialectical behavior, and integrated care (Page et al., 2018). Following these therapies, there was a lower risk of suicide for these individuals after ten years. It was concluded that 20% of suicide could be prevented after implementing these strategies (Page et al., 2018) NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    After working in behavioral health for five years, I’ve heard the struggles patients encounter when accessing mental health care. There are not enough resources, and stigmas remain surrounding mental health issues. Nationally recognized awareness and prevention programs would shed more light on this issue and help more individuals come forward to seek help.

    References

    Congress.gov. (n.d.). H.R. 586- STANDUP Act of 2021. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/586?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22health+policy%22%5D%7D&s=10&r=4

    National Institute of Mental Health. (n.d.). Suicide. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide.shtml

    Page, A., Atkinson, J., Heffernan, M., McDonnell, G., Prodan, A., Osgood, N., & Hickie, I. (2018). Static metrics of impact for a dynamic problem: The need for smarter tools to guide suicide prevention planning and investment. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 52(7), 660-667. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417752866

    By Day 6 of Week 7

    Respond
     to at least 
    two
     of your colleagues
    * on two different days
    by either supporting or respectfully challenging their explanation on whether there is an evidence base to support the proposed health policy they described NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    The health care policy H.R. 586 – STANDUP Act of 2021 is very intriguing. If this Act is passed through legislation where would it be implemented? Schools? Hospitals? Community based programs? All of which would provide a tremendous resource for community members that are struggling with suicidal ideations or struggling with the loss of someone. As someone who has lost a close family member to suicide, I would stand behind this Act especially as a health care worker living in an area with minimal mental health assistance. In my area we have some community-based suicide awareness groups that hosts walks, memorials, and time to share your story or show support for people combating mental health issues. As I previously stated, living in a rural area, our community members rely heavily on the internet and its recourses. One of the recourses I refer people to is the Suicide Prevention Lifeline (National Suicide Prevention Hotline, n.d.), because we have a couple of areas in my state that have direct lines, so you are able to talk to someone local, someone that can relate to your issues causing suicidal ideations.

    As you have stated, there is a stigma surrounding mental health, especially suicide. It has been a topic for years that ‘should not be talked about’, which is unhealthy. This act would supply education and training strategies to people suffering, even if it only saves one life. It is better than no lives saved. My instructor for mental health during my undergrad required my class to complete the ‘Mental Health First Aid USA’ from the National Council of Behavioral Health because she felt, as I do as well, that mental health first aid should be as common as CPR (Mental Health First Aid, n.d.). If this Act can provide courses such as this to more people, we can grow a healthier community and eventually a healthy country to live in NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

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    References

    Mental Health First Aid. (n.d.). 
    Identify. Understand. Respond.
     Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/

    National Suicide Prevention Hotline. (n.d.). 
    National suicide prevention lifeline
    . Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/

     

    response 2

    Very informative post! I chose to discuss a similar policy which was the CARES act. However, vaccination issues are the latest topic that everyone is talking about, as far as COVID-19 prevention is concerned. There are myths about the vaccine because people feel it is not genuine, safe, or effective. I have heard some people in my community say that the vaccine might turn them into zombies! The hesitation to get vaccinated is an issue of concern, mainly because people want to get back to ‘the normal’ before the pandemic happened.

    I think education regarding the COVID-19 vaccine needs to be done mainly for racial minorities. Most African Americans are hesitant to get the vaccine (Bogart et al., 2021) for several reasons, some of which do not hold water. The democrat who created this act should be reason enough for racial minorities to start having confidence in the vaccine. Furthermore, there is no way for a person to know whether the vaccine is truly safe or effective unless they try it. I think social media can be both a blessing and a curse as far as community education is concerned. My suggestion is to choose social media advocates to spread positive messages and debunk the myths floating on social media. Celebrities can play social media advocates very well because they have millions of followers who value their opinions. As nurses, we can also use our platforms to spread accurate information verbally and on social media NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    Reference

    Bogart, L. M., Dong, L., Gandhi, P., Ryan, S., Smith, T. L., Klein, D. J., … & Bisola, O. O. (2021). What contributes to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in black communities, and how can it be addressed?

     

    sample response 3

    I enjoyed reading your post on the need for more mental health access. I work in the emergency room, and we often have to hold patients awaiting inpatient psychiatric care. The emergency room is often a noisy and chaotic environment that does not help those already struggling with psychiatric care.

    The struggle with suicide is not just a local issue but a global one as well. Close to 800,000 people die globally, which is the second leading cause of death for 15-29-year-olds (WHO, 2018). The fact that suicide is such a problem requires that countries create a national strategy to prevent suicide. In 2001 the United States created the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (WHO, 2018). The strategies in place nationally may not work for everyone, and sometimes, the individual plan must be put in place. According to Large (2018), the number one predictor to commit suicide is male, and number two is recent hospitalization for psychiatric treatment. People that have been diagnosed with mental disease are also more likely to commit suicide. There needs to be a better strategy to prevent suicide. According to Large (2018), some low-cost prevention efforts could reduce the amount of pain medicine prescriptions, substitute barbituates with benzodiazepines, place safety barriers in areas that could serve as jump sites, and reduce the amount of media attention on suicides. I am glad that Congress is attempting to pass a bill that will increase mental health access.

    Large, M.M. (2018). The role of prediction in suicide prevention. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 20(3), 197-205. 
    https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.31887/dcns.2018.20.3/mlarge

    World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). National suicide prevention strategies: Progress, examples and indicators. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/279765/9789241515016-eng.pdf NURS 6050 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

  • Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

    Discussion Board 1: Evidence Base in Design

    The health policy that I chose for this week’s discussion is H.R. 586 Suicide Training and Awareness Nationally Delivered for Universal Prevention Act of 2021, also called the STANDUP Act of 2021. This bill would require state and local education entities that receive grant funding for mental health needs (such as funding through Project AWARE) to form and implement evidence-based suicide awareness and prevention training within their organizations (Peters, 2021). This bill is a largely Democrat-led initiative with bipartisan support. This bill hopes to increase training to assist in identifying students at risk for suicide. CDC data states that there were 5,954 deaths of individuals ages 15-24 years of age from 1999 to 2019 (
    CDC WONDER
    , 2020). The top three manners of suicide were firearm-related (total of 2,800 deaths), hanging (2,153 deaths), and poisoning (226 deaths) (
    CDC WONDER
    , 2020) Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    Adolescent deaths via suicide have climbed from 10.1 deaths (per 100,000 population) in 1999 to 14.5 in 2018 and then down to 13.9 in 2019 (“QuickStats: Death rates* for motor-vehicle–traffic injuries, suicide, and homicide among adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years — united states, 1999–2019,” 2021). Some factors that correlate with increased suicide risk in teens include failure in relationships/friendships, family involvement/disruption, mental illness, and poor coping skills (Hamed & Mohammad-Rafi, 2020). There is evidence to support a need for this legislation as there is the stigma surrounding mental health and suicide that often causes suffering individuals not to seek help Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    This legislation would require schools to implement training for their faculty and students that would be evidence-based, culturally appropriate, and used to train students in grades six through twelve (Peters, 2021). Students and faculty would be trained to identify self-harm or suicidal ideation signs, resources for students who feel they need help, and yearly training for the students (Peters, 2021). This legislation would also require the agency to report the number of training, the number of students who attended the training, and the number of reports of students seeking help after sitting for these training (Peters, 2021). This is an excellent method for beginning to break through the stigma surrounding mental illness overall by educating our youth. Children and teens need to recognize signs that their friends or even they are at risk for suicide and know where they can turn for help Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    References

    CDC WONDER
    . (2020). Cdc.gov; CDC.gov. https://wonder.cdc.gov/

    Hamed Delam, & Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan. (2020). Attempting suicide by adolescents: A qualitative study. 
    Payesh
    , 
    19
    (2), 159–166.

    Peters, S. H. (2021, February 2). 
    H.R.586 – 117th Congress (2021-2022): STANDUP Act of 2021
    . Www.congress.gov. 
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/586?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22health+policy%22%5D%7D&r=6&s=4

    QuickStats: Death rates* for motor-vehicle–traffic injuries, suicide, and homicide among adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years — united states, 1999–2019. (2021). 
    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    , 
    70
    (5), 184. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7005a6

     

    response

    Your discussion this week is interesting. School-aged children are developing coping skills that will serve as a foundation for their coping skills for the rest of their lives. Stigmas surrounding mental health can serve as barriers to seeking help for adolescents and can even worsen their mental health (Ferrie, Miller, & Hunter, 2020). It is estimated that one in five children have a mental health problem at any given point (Ferrie et al., 2020). Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents (Szlyk et al., 2020). It seems that this legislation would prove to be beneficial for both faculty and students. Adolescents need to recognize self-harming and suicidal ideation in themselves and their peers and know how to respond appropriately to these situations Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    References

    Ferrie, J., Miller, H., & Hunter, S. C. (2020). Psychosocial outcomes of mental illness stigma in children and adolescents: A mixed-methods systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 113. 
    https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104961

    Szlyk, H. S., Berk, M., Peralta, A. O., & Miranda, R. (2020). COVID-19 takes adolescent suicide prevention to less charted territory. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(2), 161–163. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.046

    response 2

    Hello xxx, your discussion post is educative. For example, I have to admit that I have learned a lot concerning health policies. I have reviewed the H.R. 586 Suicide Training and Awareness Nationally Delivered for Universal Prevention Act of 2021 proposed policy. In my opinion, the proposed health policy can be a game-changer if implemented. Suicide is increasingly becoming one of the common causes of death in the United States (Stone et al., 2018). Therefore, the intervention provided by the H.R. 586 is needed to prevent suicide cases that are becoming common in American households. Subsequently, I believe that the STANDUP Act of 2021 can help mitigate this problem because the Bill recommends state and federal training programs regarding factors that influenced suicide cases in different households (Congress.Gov, 2021). I agree with you that cases of suicide are soaring up among adolescents, and this proposed policy can provide recommendations regarding stopping this worrying trend if it is enacted.

    References

    Stone, D. M., Simon, T. R., Fowler, K. A., Kegler, S. R., Yuan, K., Holland, K. M., … & Crosby, A. E. (2018). Vital signs: trends in state suicide rates—United States, 1999–2016 and circumstances contributing to suicide—27 states, 2015. 
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    , 
    67
    (22), 617.

    Congess.Gov,(2021,February02).H.R.586-117thCONGRESS(2021-2022):Standup act of 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from 
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/housebill/586?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Suicide%2Band%2BThreat%2BAssessment%2BNationally%2BDedicated%2Bto%2BUniversal%2BPrevention%2BAct%22%5D%7D&r=3&s=3

    Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

    When politics and medical science intersect, there can be much debate. Sometimes anecdotes or hearsay are misused as evidence to support a particular point. Despite these and other challenges, however, evidence-based approaches are increasingly used to inform health policy decision-making regarding causes of disease, intervention strategies, and issues impacting society. One example is the introduction of childhood vaccinations and the use of evidence-based arguments surrounding their safety.

    In this Discussion, you will identify a recently proposed health policy and share your analysis of the evidence in support of this policy Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

    To Prepare:

    Review the Congress website provided in the Resources and identify one recent (within the past 5 years) proposed health policy.

    Review the health policy you identified and reflect on the background and development of this health policy.

    By Day 3 of Week 7

    Post
     a description of the health policy you selected and a brief background for the problem or issue being addressed. Explain whether you believe there is an evidence base to support the proposed policy and explain why. Be specific and provide examples.

    By Day 6 of Week 7

    Respond
     to at least 
    two
     of your colleagues
    * on two different days
    by either supporting or respectfully challenging their explanation on whether there is an evidence base to support the proposed health policy they described.

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    Initial Post: Evidence Base in Design

    According to the CDC, health-related policies are formal or informal written statements that are designed to protect or promote employee health (n.d). The health policy I selected is a policy requiring healthy foods to be served at company meetings and events. ANA believes that advocacy is a pillar of nursing (n.d). This policy is one that is in place to try and advocate for healthier living, starting at the workplace. Decreasing the amount of obesity in communities starts with small adjustments as the policy listed above. The issue of obesity is very prominent in Americans and there have been many changes that have helped improve the percentage of Americans suffering from obesity. To reverse the obesity epidemic, community efforts should focus on supporting healthy eating and active living in a variety of settings such as in early childhood care, hospitals, schools, and food service venues (CDC, n.d). I do believe there is an evidence base design to support the policy. For example, eating and lifestyle habits can be learned behaviors. An interactive healthy lifestyle intervention focused on low‐SES families significantly improved parental knowledge of the pediatric healthy lifestyle. Changes in parental knowledge are a key preliminary step in behavior change to ultimately affect behavior. Informing and encouraging parents of toddlers to guide healthy lifestyle development early remains a promising point of intervention for prevention, rather than remediation, of childhood obesity (LoRE et al, 2019). With that being said, I believe obesity can be prevented in most American people if interventions and healthy lifestyle choices are started at a young age. To fight against obesity, it is important to have policies such as requiring healthy foods to be served at company meetings and events. Policies such as this one can be a start to decreasing the rate of obesity in Americans.

     

    References

    American Nurses Association. (n.d). 
    Advocacy
    . Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/

    Centers of Disease Control (CDC). (n.d). 
    Health-related policies.
     Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/model/implementation/policies.html

    Centers of Disease Control (CDC). (n.d). 
    Strategies to prevent and manage obesity.
     Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/index.html

    LoRe, D., Leung, C. Y. Y., Brenner, L., & Suskind, D. L. (2019). Parent‐directed intervention in promoting knowledge of pediatric nutrition and healthy lifestyle among low‐SES families with toddlers: A randomized controlled trial. 
    Child: Care, Health & Development, 45(
    4), 518–522. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1111/cch.1268 Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design

    response

    Great post! It is definitely paramount to safeguard the health of employees or Americans in general.  Advocating for improvements in population health is a role that nurses should take up more often. Furthermore, if nurses and other healthcare workers are not healthy, then the whole healthcare system is bound to crumble and fail. Obesity is becoming an epidemic, particularly among people of color. I think that you have done well addressing it because there is a need to develop more interventions to reverse the disorder. I also believe there is a need for social media campaigns to educate Americans on the importance of healthy lifestyles (Kite, 2018). I believe in social media’s power to bring social change, mainly because it is the “viral” era. Nurses and members of the medical community need to be each other’s keepers to practice what they preach. Policies that encourage healthy eating at the workplace are definitely an excellent spectrum to start as far as the fight for obesity is concerned.

    Reference

    Kite, J. D. (2018). Using mass media and social media for the prevention of non-communicable diseases Discussion 1: Evidence Base in Design.

  • Evidence Base in Design – NURS 6050 Discussion sample

    Evidence Base in Design – NURS 6050 Discussion sample

    With our current Pandemic overrunning our own mental health stressor, we have added an additional topic of concern for several thousands of individuals, a vaccination. Many individuals’ report feeling the vaccination was rushed, there are metal particles within the vaccination that will be injected into you so you are tracked, the vaccination will change your DNA, I will become infertile, it does not work because my friend contracted COVID-19 after receiving the vaccination, and several other myths (Kelen & Maragakis, 2021). All of which are myths about the vaccination, unfortunately these rumors are easily spread and believed in some geographical locations where ethnic and racial minorities live. This inaccurate shared knowledge based is only continuing the spread of the virus versus grasping this virus and irradicating it Evidence Base in Design – NURS 6050 Discussion sample.

    Bill H.R 1268 – Building COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence Act of 2021, created by Democrats, was introduced to assist those locations I previously mentioned by receiving grants to eligible areas to inform the public of the truths regarding the vaccination. These grants would supply multilingual and cultural appropriate messages, information where to obtain a COVID-19 vaccination, increase awareness and knowledge of the virus, address the skepticism of the vaccination, discuss the side effects, and much more (Congress, n.d.). This Bill also requires a report to congress post so many days to see how much funding’s have been used and the plan for the remaining funds within the next ‘x’ number of days. The evaluation will conclude qualitative assessments and to prepare and submit a formal evaluation of the campaign no later than a year after the enactment of the Act if passed.

    In my opinion this Bill is being proposed to policy makers with evidence-based concerns for the public. From my own personal experiences, I have seen incorrect information such as ‘I do not need to wear a mask since I have already had COVID-19 I cannot get it again’ on social media. Which is not true, with the new variants out there, and not always producing antibodies (CDC, 2021) there is a chance of contracting COVID a second time, as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has even reported “We do not know how much protection the antibodies may provide or how long this protection may last. Confirmed and suspected cases of reinfection have been reported, but remain rare” (CDC, 2021). The CDC even encourages individuals to continue to protect themselves and others by wearing masks and proper personal protective equipment (CDC, 2021).  As Laureate Education (2018, 8:33) has even stated personal experiences can influence how Congress respond to certain health care issues. In rural areas, such as where I live, I have heard and seen several conversations from individual’s regarding negative talk upon the COVID-19 vaccination where I have had to refer them to accurate and credible recourses such as the CDC or health department compared to Dr. Google, Wikipedia, and there Facebook friends. With so much stress and anxiety produced by the virus itself, we need to provide proper education to our community members regarding the vaccination and illness to better grasp this virus and end this pandemic Evidence Base in Design – NURS 6050 Discussion sample.

    References

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). 
    Test for past infection.
     Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/serology-overview.html

    Congress. gov. (n.d.). 
    H.R.1268 – Building COVID-19 vaccine confidence act of 2021. 
    Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1268/cosponsors?q={%22search%22:[%22covid+19+health%22]}&r=19&s=7&searchResultViewType=expanded

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    Kelen, G.D., Maragakis, L.L. (2021). 
     COVID-19 vaccines: myth versus fact. 
    John Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/covid-19-vaccines-myth-versus-fact

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
    Health policy and politics 
    [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

    response

    COVID-19 vaccination is such an important topic, and I feel the Building COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence Act of 2021 is necessary. Many of my co-workers refused the vaccine, which has already caused an increase in infection. Worries of side effects and lack of education surrounding the vaccine have been significant issues.

    A solid evidence base surrounds the Building COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence Act of 2021. Reliable sources debunk myths surrounding public concerns. Nationwide education should remedy this false information. There is proof that the vaccine contains only mRNA, lipids, salts, and routine stabilizing agents (American Academy of Family Physicians, n.d.). There are no metal components or devices that track the public. Results from COVID-19 data collection show no increase in miscarriage in women infected with the virus (Mayo Clinic Health System, 2020). If the spike protein were a factor for miscarriage, data would display increased pregnancy loss after natural infection (Mayo Clinic Health System, 2020). With proper education, I feel Americans are more likely to receive the vaccine and help end the pandemic Evidence Base in Design – NURS 6050 Discussion sample.

    References

    American Academy of Family Physicians. (n.d.). COVID-19 vaccine myths. https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/public_health/COVID19-Vaccine-Myths.pdf

    Mayo Clinic Health System. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine myths debunked. https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/featured-topic/covid-19-vaccine-myths-debunked

    response 2

    Being someone who also has also heard almost every myth in regards to COVID and the vaccinations from patients, friends, or family members, I believe the legislation you chose is a very important topic to discuss. Even though I work in a niche setting of aesthetics, I too have still discussed and attempted to debunk many myths with my clients over the past few months in regards to the  COVID-19 vaccinations. I agree with your statement that many Americans are presented with false or dramatized information feeding into fear. “Now that there are authorized and recommended COVID-19 vaccines in the United States, accurate vaccine information is critical and can help stop common myths and rumors.” (
    Centers of Disease Control and Prevention
    , 2021) Evidence Base in Design – NURS 6050 Discussion sample.

    I think the proposed bill you have selected, H.R. 1268, presents a manageable plan and is an approach in which our country is in dire need with how close we have come to the “end” of this pandemic. Proposed bill H.R. 1268’s plan to provide funding to designated areas within the United States in order to properly educate Americans on what the mechanism of action of the vaccine is, potential side effects, differences between the brands as well as myth-busting is so important (Congress, n.d.). I also agree with your statement that the requirement of proof of spending is an important component of this proposed bill. Although the health of Americans is most important, efforts to decrease federal spending are also important in efforts to stabilize our economy.
     

    References

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, April 15). Myths and facts about COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved April 17, 2021 from 
    https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html

    Congress. gov. (n.d.). H.R.1268 – Building COVID-19 vaccine confidence act of 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021 from https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1268/cosponsors?q={%22search%22:[%22covid+19+health%22]}&r=19&s=7&searchResultViewType=expanded Evidence Base in Design – NURS 6050 Discussion sample

  • Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

    Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

    Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association.

    Walden University

    NURS 6050 Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health

     

    Difference Between Board of Nursing and Nursing Association

    The Board of Nursing controls the nursing practice aiming at protecting the public.

    Board members are appointed by the state authorities.

    The US has state boards and national boards, called the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) (“What is a State Board of Nursing?”, 2020).

    State boards regulate nursing practice

    NCSBN works together with the state boards to protect and advocate for well-being and the safety of all patients (“What is a State Board of Nursing?”, 2020) Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting.

    Boards of Nursing are state agencies that protect and promote the public’s health and welfare by overseeing and assuring that licensed nurses from every level of practice are providing competent and safe care. There are fifty-nine boards, each of which comprise the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), an independent, non-profit organization.

    The Governor appoints seven out of the nine board member. Senate President Pro-Tempore and the Assembly Speaker appoint one each of the remaining two

    State boards regulate nursing practice through accepting and accrediting nursing programs, developing uniform rules and regulations, enforcing the law regarding nursing practice and overseeing the nursing licensure training process (“What is a State Board of Nursing?”, 2020).

    Difference Between Board of Nursing and Nursing Association Continuation

    Nursing Association fight for the rights of nurses and the advancement of their profession and members pay annual subscription fees

    Nursing associations are either state-based, national-based like American Nurses Association (ANA) or international-based like International Council of Nurses (ICN) (“ANA Enterprise | American Nurses Association”, n.d.).

    The members elect a board of directors that govern

    Nursing Associations can be specific or specialty-focused Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting.

    Nursing associations differ from board of nursing in that they are professional membership organizations that are private. Members are required to pay dues in order to enjoy the benefits of membership.

    Associations are governed by a Board of Directors but they are elected by members of the association.

    Nursing associations can be specific, or specialty-focused based on the type of nursing (ambulatory or emergency room), specific nursing fields (maternal care or cardiology), age-specific (neonatal or geriatric), ethnic (black or male) advanced nursing specialties (nurse attorneys, nurse educators or certified nurse midwives) and education-specific (National League of Nursing – NLN or American Association of Colleges of Nursing)

    Nursing Board in California

    California’s policy requires the board to have nine members.

    Seven out of the nine members are appointed by the governor, one by the Senate President Pro-Tempore, and the last one by the Assembly Speaker (“California Board of Registered Nursing”, 2021).

    The nine board members must include five registered nurses and rest four are public members

    . The board has nine members who serve as the policy-setting body for the Board. Seven of the members are appointed by the Governor, one by the Senate President Pro-Tempore, and one by the Assembly Speaker (“California Board of Registered Nursing”, 2021).

    The board members include five registered nurses and four public members.

    Out of the nine members two are officials (president and vice president), while the rest are members.

     

    State regulation related to general nurse scope of practice

    Section 2725 1 (b) prohibits clinics from employing registered nurses to exclusively dispense drugs.

    It also prohibits registered nurses from dispensing drugs in a pharmacy, keeping a pharmacy, opening a shop, or drugstore for the retailing of drugs or poisons.

    Dispensing of drugs by a registered nurse shall not include substances included in the California Uniform Controlled Substances Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 11000) of the Health and Safety Code),

    Section 2725 1 (b) prohibits clinics from employing registered nurses to exclusively dispense drugs. It also prohibits registered nurses from dispensing drugs in a pharmacy, keeping a pharmacy, opening a shop, or drugstore for the retailing of drugs or poisons. Dispensing of drugs by a registered nurse shall not include substances included in the California Uniform Controlled Substances Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 11000) of the Health and Safety Code), except a certified nurse-midwife who functions pursuant to a standardized procedure or protocol described in Section 2746.51 or a nurse practitioner who functions pursuant to a standardized procedure described in Section 2836.1, or protocol (CALIFORNIA NURSING PRACTICE ACT, n.d.).

     

    State regulation related to general nurse scope of practice Continuation

    The regulation (Section 2725 1 (b)) limits the practices of registered nurses and prevents them from investing in the healthcare sector.

    However, it is a good move to prevent the registered nursing practitioners from prioritizing their businesses over their professional work Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting.

    The regulation makes the delivery cost

    The registered nursing practitioners channel their attention to a single working station, hence efficiency in their work

    The regulation makes the delivery cost expensive because patients will flock healthcare facilities overcrowding them. Without the regulation in force, some would visit the pharmacy shops opened y the registered nurses.

     

    State regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).

    Chapter 6, 2835.7 section a (1) requires a specialized registered nurse practitioner to seek a third-party approval prior to performing the medical procedure.

    Nurses should not use the privilege granted by the board for being APRN to quickly perform their duties.

    The role they play is crucial because of their specialization and educational advancement.

    Chapter 6, 2835.7 section a (1) requires a specialized registered nurse practitioner to seek a third-party approval prior to performing the medical procedure. This is despite of the nurse having the authority from the Board of Nurses to perform the standardized medical procedure and the permission to order durable medical equipment, subject to any limitations set forth in the standardized procedures (CALIFORNIA NURSING PRACTICE ACT, n.d.).

    State regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) Continuation

    APRNs play a significant role in saving patients with advanced complications.

    The regulation (Chapter 6, 2835.7 section a (1)) ensures that the nurse does not perform procedure against the will of the patient and their family.

    It ensures that stakeholders are involved in making a clinical decision

    ARPNs should always involve the families of their patients when performing standardized procedures like surgery or midwifing. It helps to prepare the family incase a medical operation goes wrong. It also shields the nurse from taking all the blame in case of a medical complication.

    State regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) Continuation

    The regulation does not affect the cost of delivery of healthcare services.

    However, access to emergency services could be delayed.

    The patient’s health is at risk

    The regulation could delay attendance to a patient in case of emergencies. For instance, a patient involved in an accident and needs surgical attention could suffer more waiting to get the consent from their family members. This puts the patient’s life at risk.

    However, it does not affect the cost of delivery since there is no extra cash required to implement the regulation

     

    References

    NPR-B-03 06/1995 AN EXPLANATION OF SCOPE OF RN PRACTICE INCLUDING STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES REV. 07/1997, 01/2011
    . Board of Registered Nursing. Retrieved 1 April 2021, from
    https://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/regulations/npr-b-03.pdf
    .

    CALIFORNIA NURSING PRACTICE ACT. 
    Scope of Regulation Excerpt from Business and Professions Code Division 2, Chapter 6. Article 2
    . BOARD OF REGISTERED NURSING. Retrieved 1 April 2021, from
    https://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/regulations/npr-i-15.pdf
    .

    What is a State Board of Nursing?
    . Graduatenursingedu.org. (2020). Retrieved 1 April 2021, from
    https://www.graduatenursingedu.org/state-board-of-nursing/
    Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting.

    ANA Enterprise | American Nurses Association
    . ANA. Retrieved 1 April 2021, from
    https://www.nursingworld.org/
    .

    California Board of Registered Nursing
    . CA.Gov. (2021). Retrieved 1 April 2021, from
    https://www.rn.ca.gov/consumers/brdmbrs.shtml
    .

    Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

    Nursing is a very highly regulated profession. There are over 100 boards of nursing and national nursing associations throughout the United States and its territories. Their existence helps regulate, inform, and promote the nursing profession. With such numbers, it can be difficult to distinguish between BONs and nursing associations, and overwhelming to consider various benefits and options offered by each.

    Both boards of nursing and national nursing associations have significant impacts on the nurse practitioner profession and scope of practice. Understanding these differences helps lend credence to your expertise as a professional. In this Assignment, you will practice the application of such expertise by communicating a comparison of boards of nursing and professional nurse associations. You will also share an analysis of your state board of nursing.

      ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER NOW

    To Prepare:

    Assume that you are leading a staff development meeting on regulation for nursing practice at your healthcare organization or agency.

    Review the NCSBN and ANA websites to prepare for your presentation Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting.

    The Assignment: (8- to 9-slide PowerPoint presentation)

    Develop a 8- to 9-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following:

    Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association.

    Describe the board for your specific region/area.

    Who is on the board?

    How does one become a member of the board?

    Describe at least one state regulation related to general nurse scope of practice.

    How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?

    How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?

    Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).

    How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?

    How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?

    Include Speaker Notes on Each Slide (except on the title page and reference page)

    By Day 7 of Week 6

    Submit
     your Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting Presentation.

    NURS_6050_Module03_Week06_Assignment_Rubric

    Grid View

    List View

    Excellent

    Good

    Fair

    Poor

    Boards of Nursing vs. Professional Nurse Associations

    Develop a 8- to 9-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:

    ·  Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association.

    ·  Describe the members of the board for your specific region/area.

    ·   Who is on the board?

    ·  How does one become a member of the board?

    ·  Speaker notes are included on every slide and are used to explain and elaborate the significant points on each slide.

    23 
    (23%)
     – 25 
    (25%)

    The response accurately and thoroughly describes the differences between a board of nursing and professional nurse associations.

    Response provides a complete and accurate description of who is on a board of nursing.

    The response provides a detailed and thorough explanation of how one becomes a member of the board of nursing.

    Speaker notes are included on every slide and are used to explain and elaborate the significant points on each slide.

    20 
    (20%)
     – 22 
    (22%)

    The response accurately describes the differences between a board of nursing and professional nurse associations.

    Responses provides an accurate description of who is on a board of nursing.

    The response provides an accurate explanation how one becomes a member of the board of nursing.

    Speaker notes are included on every slide and are used to explain the significant points on each slide.

    18 
    (18%)
     – 19 
    (19%)

    Description of the differences between a board of nursing and professional nurse associations is inaccurate or incomplete. Description of who is on a board of nursing is incomplete or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how one becomes a member of the board of nursing is vague or inaccurate.

    Speaker notes are included on every slide.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 17 
    (17%)

    Description of the differences between a board of nursing and professional nurse associations is inaccurate and incomplete or is missing.

    Description of who is on a board of nursing detailing academic credentials, practice positions, and licensure status is inaccurate and incomplete, or is missing.

    Explanation of how one becomes a member of the board is vague and inaccurate or is missing.

    No speaker notes.

    The Impact of State Regulation on Nurse Practice

    Describe at least one state regulation related to general nurse scope of practice.

    ·  How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?

    ·  How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?

    ·  Has there been any change to the regulation within the past 5 years? Explain.

    ·  Speaker notes are included on every slide and are used to explain and elaborate the significant points on each slide.

    27 
    (27%)
     – 30 
    (30%)

    Response includes a complete and accurate description that fully details how one or more state regulations are related to general nurse scope of practice.

    Response clearly and accurately explains in detail how the regulation(s) influences the nurse’s role.

    Response clearly and accurately explains in detail how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare.

    Presentation includes speaker notes that explain and elaborate the points of the presentation.

    24 
    (24%)
     – 26 
    (26%)

    Response includes an accurate description of how one state regulation is related to general nurse scope of practice.

    Response accurately explains how the regulation influences the nurse’s role.

    Response accurately explains how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare.

    Presentation includes speaker notes that explain the points of the presentation.

    21 
    (21%)
     – 23 
    (23%)

    Description of one or more state regulations that are related to general nurse scope of practice is incomplete or inaccurate. Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences the nurse’s role is vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare is vague or inaccurate.

    Presentation includes speaker notes that are incomplete or lack appropriate explanation.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 20 
    (20%)

    Description of one or more state regulations related to general nurse scope of practice is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences the nurse’s role is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Speaker notes are incomplete or missing altogether.

    Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).

    ·  How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role?

    ·  How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare?

    ·  Speaker notes are included on every slide and are used to explain and elaborate the significant points on each slide.

    27 
    (27%)
     – 30 
    (30%)

    Response includes a complete and accurate description that fully details how one or more state regulations are related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).

    Response clearly and accurately explains in detail how the regulation(s) influences the nurse’s role.

    Response clearly and accurately explains in detail how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare.

    Presentation includes speaker notes that explain and elaborate the points of the presentation.

    24 
    (24%)
     – 26 
    (26%)

    Response includes an accurate description of how one state regulation is related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs).

    Response accurately explains how the regulation influences the nurse’s role.

    Response accurately explains how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare.

    Presentation includes speaker notes that explain the points of the presentation.

    21 
    (21%)
     – 23 
    (23%)

    Description of one or more state regulations that are related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) is incomplete or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences the nurse’s role is vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare is vague or inaccurate.

    Presentation includes speaker notes that are incomplete or lack appropriate explanation.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 20 
    (20%)

    Description of one or more state regulations related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences the nurse’s role is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the regulation(s) influences delivery, cost, and access to healthcare is vague and inaccurate, or is missing. Speaker notes are incomplete or missing altogether.

    Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

    Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

    5 
    (5%)
     – 5 
    (5%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

    A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting.

    4 
    (4%)
     – 4 
    (4%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

    Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.

    3.5 
    (3.5%)
     – 3.5 
    (3.5%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.

    Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 3 
    (3%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5  (5%)  – 5  (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4  (4%)  – 4  (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3.5  (3.5%)  – 3.5  (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0  (0%)  – 3  (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5  (5%)  – 5  (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4  (4%)  – 4  (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3.5  (3.5%)  – 3.5  (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0  (0%)  – 3  (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_6050_Module03_Week06_Assignment_Rubric Assignment: Regulation for Nursing Practice Staff Development Meeting

  • Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper

    Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper

    Global Health Comparison

    Introduction

               
    During the pandemic year, several countries, including the United States took strict measures to stop the spread of the virus. Public gatherings were banned and religious institutions were highly targeted when the interventions were recommended. On roll call vote 117
    th
    Congress-1
    st
    session, S. Amdt. 1425 was introduced and sponsored by Senator Lee Mike on 04/14/2021 and proposed on 04/22/2021 (Congress.Gov., 2021). The amendment under Section 3 focuses on religious restrictions during the COVID-19 period. Its rationale is to justify why religious institutions remain inaccessible to the public, yet most commercial enterprises remain open as COVID-19 continues spreading. In Mexico, non-essential gatherings have been banned and even meetings in private enterprises stopped as critical public health measures to stop putting unnecessary risk on people. The extended ban is non-negotiable and even street markets are prohibited from operating, yet some American Senate members condemn the restrictions Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

    Purpose

    The bill’s purpose is to necessitate the production of a report on State restrictions on the freedom of religious congregation during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

    Conclusion

    163 Senators voted on April 22, 2021 but could not pass the bill with a popular majority of 3/5 or more. The result was that the amendment was rejected. Still, legislatures seek a comprehensive report on which occasioned the decision made through the popular majority in the Congress.

     

    Part 1: Legislation Grid

    Global Healthcare Issue

     

    COVID-19

    Description

    Sec. 3. “Report on religious restrictions during the COVID–19 pandemic” intends to limit restraints on religious freedom during the pandemic year. 49 votes cast were YEAs, 48 counts were NAYs and 3 never voted (Congress.Gov., 2021). New York, New Jersey, Louisiana, Ohio, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, Mississippi, North Carolina, Arizona, Tennessee, Texas, Colorado, Florida, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Indiana, and South Carolina opposed the bill believing that as long as congregants follow CDC guidelines and set World Health Organization protocols (Siddiqi, Graves-Fitzsimmons, & Gonzalez, 2020). The bill targets all countries, not only the United States. The bill was rejected by the popular majority Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

    Country

    United States

     

    Mexico

    Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue

    Following an upsurge in COVID-19 cases, the United States decided to ban all physical religious gatherings. The rationale was to reduce the spread of the virus by maintaining social distancing.

    Mexican legislatures unanimously agreed on the need to put strict health care or law enforcement to flatten the curve. The religious restrictions or sanctions extend to streets and private spaces to limit or stop COVID-19 spread (“The Associated Press,” 2020).

    What are the strengths of this policy?

    Limits the spread of the virus.

    Creates enough time for people to take advantage of technology in congregating.

    Speeds up the process of flattening the curve.

    Helps in keeping Mexicans accountable.

    Assists with flattening the curve.

    What are the weaknesses of this policy?

    Opponents and proponents are almost the same population but the former has more power.

    Mexico is a Catholic country that is highly religious. Restrictions affect their freedom and ability to enjoy their faith.

    Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)

     

    Assembling and socializing affect social distancing and congregating in church increases the rates of COVID-19 transmissions.

    Still, socializing online has proven difficult, especially for religious gatherings.

    Mexicans are generally social characters. Inability to gather in religious places for worship negatively affects their mental health.

    How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?

    Limiting public gatherings in more states reduces the risk of exposure to the virus, and this minimizes the cost of treating COVID-19.

    Writing the report will require additional costs of research and policymaking meetings.

     

    Everyone unanimously agrees that restrictions on physical meetings in religious, public, and private spaces are a short-term intervention that reduces medical costs associated with treating the coronavirus disease (“The Associated Press,” 2020).

    How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)

    Inability to meet physically in religious places affects the spiritual and mental health of various congregants globally.

    The situation is similar to that of the United States.

    Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the roles of nurses in each country.

    Registered nurses are forced to assume research and leadership positions. The rationale is to incorporate in decision-making issues with an emphasis on policymaking.

    Nurses are taking more responsibilities in primary care service delivery.

    Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)

    Local authorities must adhere to World Health Organization protocols, which several opponents of the bill endorse when supporting stay-at-home orders.

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also issue directives on ways of preventing the spread of COVID-19.

    The situation is similar to the United States.

    General Notes/Comments

    The amendment necessitated the provision of a comprehensive report on religious restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    No form of amendment necessitated the unanimous agreement that people should stay at home and avoid religious gatherings.

    Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

    It takes 180 days post-enactment for the Attorney General to submit the COVID-19 report on the restrictions on religious activities imposed by States. It is vital to establish why the restrictions applied to religious entities and excluded secular institutions. Additionally, it is critical to understand if the decision made by Congress was aligned with the Supreme Court of the U.S. decision on the S.Amdt. 1425 (Congress.Gov., 2021). Therefore, I support the bill but oppose an amendment that would stop the stay-at-home order on religious gatherings. COVID-19 directives issued by the WHO, including stay-at-home orders are meant for reducing the spread of the coronavirus disease and flattening the curve. Such restrictions are not permanent, and it is illogical to seek an amendment to SA 1425. Instead, a report will convince Americans that the federal government made the right decision to restrict physical public gatherings, yet people can meet virtually Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

    I would address the opponent by asking them to explain how the report will help in combating COVID-19 while equally minimizing the psychosocial impacts of restrictions on religious gatherings on the affected groups. In essence, the report will come at an additional cost, but opponents equally need justification that the restrictions are similar to those that apply to secular organizations. Additionally, the opponents need to confirm that the report offers a solution of a similar status as that of Hate Crimes and COVID-19 (Congress.Gov., 2021). In essence, the U.S. is on a cost-saving mission and only priority areas receive the desired attention. Currently, a report on a rejected amendment bill would be illogical and unrealistically costly. Inability to prove why more expenses should be incurred on the report writing activity process means that there is no need for further pursuing the amendment Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

    References

    Siddiqi, M., Graves-Fitzsimmons, G., & Gonzalez, E. (2020 March 27). Religious exemptions during the Coronavirus pandemic will only worsen the crisis. Center for American Progress. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/news/2020/03/27/482359/religious-exemptions-coronavirus-pandemic-will-worsen-crisis/

    The Associated Press. (2020 March 31). The Latest: Mexico broadens shutdown, prohibits gatherings. Retrieved from https://apnews.com/article/mexico-united-nations-south-korea-china-religion-1fd6413c9615da74d44d971075ebf4ff

    Congress.Gov. (2021). April 22, 2021 – Issue: Vol. 167, No. 70 — Daily Edition. Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/2021/04/22/senate-section/article/S2140-2 Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper

    Assignment: Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

    Note: This Assignment is due on Day 5 of Week 11.

    If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?

    You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.

    Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.

    In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.

    To Prepare:

    Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.

    Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.

    Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.

    Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

    The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

    Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

    Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

    Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.

    Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.

    Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.

    Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.

    Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.

    Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.

    Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

    Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

    Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW

    In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples

    By Day 5 of Week 11

    Submit
     Part 1 and Part 2 of your Assignment.

    Submission and Grading Information

    To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

    Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.

    Click the 
    Week 11 Assignment Rubric 
    to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.

    Click the 
    Week 11 Assignment 
    link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.

    Next, from the Attach File area, click on the 
    Browse My Computer
     button. Find the document you saved as “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click 
    Open
    .

    If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for 
    I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database
    .

    Click on the 
    Submit
    button to complete your submission Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

     

    NURS_6050_Module06_Week11_Assignment_Rubric

    Excellent

    Good

    Fair

    Poor

    Global Healthcare Issues and Policies

    Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

    Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

    • Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.

    45 
    (45%)
     – 50 
    (50%)

    Response provides a clear and accurate explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country.

    Response provides a clear and accurate explanation of how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and in another country. Specific examples are provided.

    Response provides a clear and accurate explanation of how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue.

    Response provides a clear and accurate explanation of how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the health of the global population. Detailed and accurate supporting examples are provided.

    Response provides a clear and complete explanation of how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse.

    Response provides an accurate and detailed explanation of how the global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in each of the two countries Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper.

    40 
    (40%)
     – 44 
    (44%)

    Response provides an explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country.

    Response provides an explanation of how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and in another country. Specific examples may be provided.

    Response provides an explanation of how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue.

    Response provides an explanation of how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the health of the global population. Supporting examples may be provided.

    Response provides an explanation of how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse.

    Response provides an explanation of how the global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in each of the two countries.

    35 
    (35%)
     – 39 
    (39%)

    Explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country is vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and another country, and/or the examples, are vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue is vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the health of the global population, and/or supporting examples, is vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse is vague or incomplete.

    Explanation of how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in each of the two countries is vague or inaccurate.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 34 
    (34%)

    Explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and in another country, and the examples, are vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the global population, and supporting examples, is missing.

    Explanation of how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries is missing.

    The Nurse’s Role in Global Healthcare

    Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

    Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment. In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    • Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    • Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    • Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.

    32 
    (32%)
     – 35 
    (35%)

    Response provides a clear and thorough explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader.

    Response provides a clear and thorough explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader.

    Response clearly and thoroughly explains in detail how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change. Accurate and detailed supporting examples are provided.

    28 
    (28%)
     – 31 
    (31%)

    Response provides an explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader.

    Response provides an explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader.

    Response explains how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change. Some supporting examples are provided.

    25 
    (25%)
     – 27 
    (27%)

    Explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader is vague or incomplete.

    Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader is vague or incomplete.

    Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change, and/or supporting examples provided, are vague or incomplete.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 24 
    (24%)

    Explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader is vague and incomplete, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader is vague and incomplete, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change, and/or supporting examples, is missing.

    Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

    Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

    5 
    (5%)
     – 5 
    (5%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

    A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.

    4 
    (4%)
     – 4 
    (4%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

    Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.

    3.5 
    (3.5%)
     – 3.5 
    (3.5%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.

    Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 3 
    (3%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5  (5%)  – 5  (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4  (4%)  – 4  (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper. 3.5  (3.5%)  – 3.5  (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0  (0%)  – 3  (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5  (5%)  – 5  (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4  (4%)  – 4  (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3.5  (3.5%)  – 3.5  (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0  (0%)  – 3  (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Total Points: 100 Global Healthcare Comparison Sample Paper

  • Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay

    Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay

    Board of Nursing (BON) are government agencies in every state in the US responsible for overseeing all nurses’ activities (Cassiani et al., 2020). They are the organizations in charge of regulating nursing practice in each of the fifty states of the US, and each board of nursing is a member of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). Each BON’s role is to regulate all nurses’ activities in the particular state using clearly defined standards and practice regulations. However, the version of practice standards differs in every state. Some states permitting advanced practice nurses (APNs) full practice authority in primary settings while others only allow APNs full practice authority under a professional’s supervision Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

    Comparison of Two APRN Board of Nursing Regulations

    The activities of nurses are regulated in Arizona by the Arizona State Board of Nursing, which is the state’s licensing and regulatory body in charge of setting standards and scope of practice for nurses in Arizona (Cassiani et al., 2020). Some of the practice regulations put in place by this organization are similar to the regulations in other states in ensuring nurses provide patients with quality medical care. For instance, the regulations guiding a nurse’s requirements to qualify as an APRN are similar in Arizona and New Jersey. To practice as an APRN in both states, a nurse must hold a bachelor’s degree in nursing and acquire certification as a registered nurse from the state’s licensing organ. They must advance their role from an accredited master’s program that met the state’s advanced clinical education standards and passed the national APRN board certification exam. In addition to the graduate degree or master’s program, the person must be licensed as a qualified nurse by the Arizona State Board of Nursing Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

    Difference

    Despite sharing many standard nursing practice regulations, the two states differ regarding authorization of full practice authority. Nurse practitioners in Arizona are permitted full practice authority (Bosse et al., 2017)) by the state board of nursing, unlike in New Jersey, where the state board of nursing prohibits the same category of nurses from carrying out some roles unless under the direct supervision of a physician. For example, nurse practitioners in Arizona practice independently in the primary setting. They can prescribe medications to patients and treat basic mild and severe illnesses without signing any supervision contracts with a physician. On the other hand, nurse practitioners in New Jersey are not authorized to prescribe medications independently but under the supervision of a physician with whom they have to sign a practice contract Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

    Application of the Regulations to APRN

    Regulations are critical in every area of nursing discipline and any other professional field. Rules ensure only qualified people practice in their different professional roles (Peterson and Morris, 2019). In the nursing domain, regulations guiding the nursing practice are enforced by various professional organizations like ANA and several state-based organizations like ABON. In Arizona, such regulations enforced by the ABON include full practice authority to nurse practitioners. This regulation applies to the APRNs role by enabling the nurse to fully utilize her skills in her position without relying on any physician supervision, thus improving the quality of care provided. Professional independence allows the NP to improve healthcare accessibility at an affordable cost, especially in underserved rural areas (Peterson and Morris, 2019). Career advancement also endows the nurse with the needed competency to fully discharge her role with confidence and make meaningful, informed medical decisions concerning her patients. For example, APRNs with full practice authority adhere to practice regulations by ensuring they consult with other healthcare providers and transfer patients outside their scope of practice to physicians.

    References

    Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017). Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary care. 
    Nursing Outlook
    , 
    65
    (6), 761-765.

    Cassiani, S. H. D. B., Lecorps, K., Cañaveral, L. K. R., da Silva, F. A. M., & Fitzgerald, J. (2020). Regulation of nursing practice in the Region of the Americas. 
    Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    , 
    44
    .

    Peterson, K. S., & Morris, B. C. (2019). Creating synergy between academia and practice: the Arizona State University and Mayo Clinic Arizona model. 
    Journal of Professional Nursing
    , 
    35
    (4), 305-313 Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

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    response

    I agree that the Board of Nursing (BON) in each state varies tremendously, which can be very confusing. There should be standardization to the regulations and practice of advanced practice nurses (APN). Presently there are only 21 states that allow APNs to practice independently without physician oversight (Cabbabe, 2016).

    One of the barriers that the BON faces is pushback from physicians. Dr. Gary Pigman, an emergency room physician and lawmaker for Florida, states he presented 18 bills on the topic related to APNs becoming primary care providers dating back to 2014 (Jordan, 2019). Many physicians are opposed to the idea and argue that the care provided by APNs is not as comparable to those provided by a physician, even though research has proven this is a false claim. In actuality, physicians are afraid that the increase of APNs as primary care providers and exclusion of physicians from the healthcare team would become a danger to their practice becoming extent (Jordan, 2019).

    An APN’s ability to practice independently without physician oversight should not be restricted to state government. Hopefully, with increased lobbying, it will reach the federal level. Therefore, giving all APNs in every state a standardized level as a primary provider Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

    References

    Cabbabe, S. (2016, Nov – Dec). Should Nurse Practitioners Be Allowed to Practice Independently? 
    Missouri Medicine, 113
    (6), 436-437. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6139780/

    Jordan, G. (2019, December 13). 
    WFSU Public Media
    . Retrieved from Florida Doctor Groups Push Back Against Giving Advanced Nurses Their Independence: https://news.wfsu.org/state-news/2019-12-13/florida-doctor-groups-push-back-against-giving-advanced-nurses-their-independence Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay

    Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    Boards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.

    It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.

    To Prepare:

    Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.

    Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.

    Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion..

    By Day 3 of Week 5

    Post
    a comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

    By Day 6 of Week 5

    Respond
     to at least 
    two
     of your colleagues
    * on two different days
     and explain how the regulatory environment and the regulations selected by your colleague differ from your state/region. Be specific and provide examples.

     

    Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) have regulations they must follow once they are licensed practitioners. According to NCSBN,
     
    Nursing Regulatory Bodies (NRBs) are jurisdictional governmental agencies in the 50 states, the District of Columbia and four US territories that are responsible for the regulation of nursing practice (n.d). One regulation the state of South Carolina has is that APRNs require an approved written protocol with a collaborating physician (Staff Writers, 2020).
     
     One state that has a regulation that differs from South Carolina is Oregon. The regulation for prescribing authority in this state is that APRNs have full prescriptive authority (Staff Writers, 2020). Regulations differ state to state, therefore it is important for APRNs to be familiar with the regulations if they decide to work in a different state. Another regulation that differ in these two states is the requirements for continuing education. According to NCSBN, in South Carolina, APRNs require 20 hours of which 2 much consist of controlled substance. Oregon continuing education requirements consists of APRNs having 45 hours in which 15 are pharmatherapeutic content (n.d). Some states are considered compact which eliminates having regulations being different in all 50 states individually.
     

    In states such as South Carolina, APRNs struggle with practicing to their full potential because of what is considered being within their scope of practice. For example, the regulation of prescribing authority explained above limits what the APRN can prescribe to a person without the approval of a MD first. Whereas in states such as Oregon, the APRN can prescribe without consulting a MD or having an approval first.
     
     According to Neff et. al,
     
    in states with restrictive NP practice, NPs are geographically collocated with supervising MDs, restricted NP practice limits their ability to provide care in areas that lack access to primary health-care providers, and NPs are not practicing to their full scope of practice (2018). APRNs in some states are further along in autonomy and practicing to their full ability. Someday all 50 states may align with regulations, which will make things simpler rofessional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

    References

    National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (n.d). Retrieved March 29, 2021, from https.//www/ncsbn.org/index.htm

    Neff, D.F, Yoon, S.H., Steiner, R.L., Bumbach, M.D., Everhrt, D., & Harman J.S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care.
     
    Nursing Outlook, 66
    (4), 379-385. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.208.03.001

    Staff Writers. (2020, October). How does nurse practitioner authority vary by state?. https://www.nursepractitionerschools.com/faq/how-does-np-practice-authority-vary-by-state/

    response post

    Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) have been a great asset for communities, especially rural ones. As a Registered Nurse (RN) in the state of Michigan I can relate to your state, South Carolina, where it can be difficult for APRNs to practice to their full potential due to state board of nursing (BON) difference across all states (Milstead & Short, 2019) Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay. Michigan is comparable to South Carolina for we also require an overseeing Physician to delegate the prescription of certain medications, we require a Physician to delegate the prescription of scheduled II-V controlled substances (NCSLSOP, n.d.). With limitations as such, rural areas that have difficulties to hire physicians will continue to struggle because APRNS cannot work there without a delegating/overseeing Physician, which is really unfortunate in my opinion.

    Regarding the continuing education (CE) hours, Michigan is also different. According to NursingCE (n.d.) Michigan APRNS are required to complete 25 hours between each licensure renewal. Similarly, we must complete certain number of hours to particular topics. While Michigan’s BON requires at least 2 hours in pain and symptom management and a one-time human trafficking CE (NursingCE, n.d.). Something to consider and to watch out for in some states such as Michigan is a limited amount of CE credits that can be completed in a day. So, do not binge all of the CE credits required for licensure renewal in one day.

    Thank you for sharing information about your state, I am glad to see that my state is not the only one that has some ‘stricter’ rules and regulations compared to others like Oregon as you stated Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

    References

    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N.M. (2019). 
    Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide 
    (6
    th
     ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

    NCSLSOP. (n.d.). Nurse Practitioners
    . Scope of practice policy. 
    Retrieved March 30, 2021, from https://scopeofpracticepolicy.org/practitioners/nurse-practitioners/?fbclid=IwAR0xWHuSPdq8iCfp0dAnEfL-tXd6M0vdq6MY9_Aunw54FsUC5fcXW_a1g3A

    NursingCE. (n.d.). 
    Requirements specific to Nurse Practitioners in Michigan.
    NursingCE by ati. Retrieved March 31, 2021 from https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-requirements/michigan/np#requirements Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations Discussion Essay.

  • Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay

    Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis

    Health programs help improve engagement and empower people to adopt quality behaviors to enhance individual and communal welfare. It targets behaviors that reduce wellness, but which can be modified through education and mentorships. Health programs reduce disease incidence, and therefore, healthcare costs. Sexual and reproductive health continues to draw the attention of medical practitioners because of the negative effects they introduce across populations. The purpose of this health program is to educate and empower young and older adults into making quality decisions that will promote their sexual and reproductive health Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay.

    Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation

     

    Planned Parenthood

    Description

    Planned Parenthood program intends to educate young and old people men and women on sexual and reproductive health. Topics that will be handled in the program are family planning, contraception, abstinence, sexual orientation, safe sex, family life, parent-child communication, sexuality, teenage pregnancy, and women’s health education (Primrose, 2012).

    How was the success of the program or policy measured?

    The program’s success was measured using the following indicators

    The ability of team members to provide high-quality, non-judgmental, and affordable care to all clients.

    Ability to provide facts-based and dependable health information

    Reduction in barriers that limited people’s access to quality reproductive and sexual health education.

    Increased number of people who enrolled for reproductive and sexual health care education.

    How many people were reached by the program or policy selected? How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?

     

     

    The program reached 125,000 people living within and outside the country.

    This program’s impacts include engagement in responsible sexual behaviors, reduced premarital sex, reduced cases of teen pregnancies and STIs, improved communication between families, improved women’s health, and better familial relationships.

     

    What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?

     

     

    The program team used the following data to evaluate the program’s success: the number of people educated on sexual and reproductive health, percentage of teens engaging in risky sexual behaviors, the number of teen pregnancies, number of couples who benefited from the family programs, women who accessed contraception and other health services, and participant attitudes towards the experts and quality of services offered. Data on the program’s sustainability (in terms of costs) and effectiveness of the outcomes was also used in the evaluations.

    What specific information on unintended consequences were identified?

     

     Implementing the program might have increased the percentage of people seeking abortion services.

    Cases of individuals using emergency contraceptives (morning-after pills) increased as more people tried to reduce the chances of getting pregnant after having unprotected sex

    What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.

     

     

    The stakeholders in the program are the patients, medical service providers (doctors and nurses), youth leaders, public health experts, and local advocates (Harris, 2016).

    Members of the community are the program’s biggest beneficiaries since it was introduced and designed purposefully to cater to their needs (Harris, 2016).

     

     

     

    Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?

    The program met its objectives. However, it can still be modified to yield better results in the future. It was able to improve the health status of vulnerable communities and young people. The number of people who received an education, and therefore, became more conversant with sexual and reproductive health increased. More people could access information on family planning, comprehensive sexuality education, child protection education, HIV/AIDS and other STIs, safe and unsafe abortion, and stigma reduction.

    Young people were empowered to make quality decisions regarding their sexual health. The abstinence and comprehensive sexual education programs yielded desirable outcomes. These were evidenced with the following results.

    The percentage of teens who admitted to engaging in risk-taking behaviors after exposure to the training was reduced.

    Teen pregnancies reduced as young people took precautions and protected themselves. However, these changes were slightly low.

    More young people admitted to learning and understanding the value of abstinence, although a few found it very difficult to stop such behaviors. Specifically, they became conversant with the social, psychological, and physical impacts of premarital and unprotected sexual activities Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay.

    Young people who took advantage of the program and its services were willing to seek treatment according to specialist recommendations. They pledged to share the information acquired from the education program with other people to improve the communities’ overall health.

    The adults who participated in the program enrolled in multiple educational services.

    The number of women who accessed contraceptives changed.

    Most married couples enrolled in family programs. A good percentage reported having better conversations with their loved ones leading to improved sexual health and other forms of relationships.

    The program implementers built networks of technical experts who delivered the services promised to stakeholders.

    The program implementers partnered with other community-based organizations to make the services affordable and accessible to everyone irrespective of their backgrounds.

    The program implementers hired professionals with high levels of knowledge, expertise, and good personal skills to formulate quality interpersonal relationships. These people delivered the services genuinely, honestly, and with excellent efficiency. They were also committed to the provision of quality services.

    Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?

     I would recommend the program in my workplace because the facility handles clients with diverse needs. The program will help young people who want to learn about their sexual health. It is also valuable for pregnant women and women in general. Families experiencing relationship challenges can also benefit from the program’s educational content.

    The organization can introduce the program as part of its diversification plan. More people accessing these healthcare services leads to improved community wellbeing.

    Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after one year of implementation.

    Nurse advocates can champion for better services and solve persistent problems by testifying issues they observed during the program implementation process, but which limited the program’s success. These testimonies will help decision-makers make sense of the statistics and other outcomes and emphasize critical areas that need to be empowered.

    Nurse advocates can also provide recommendations on how the program should be improved (Lewinski & Simmons, 2018).  For example, their contributions will help the implementation team allocate existing resources to encourage better decisions and help resolve the current problems.

    General Notes/Comments

    The planned parenthood program was successful because of good planning and adoption of effective management strategies.

     

    Conclusion

    The program was able to achieve its purpose since it empowered the target population to make better decisions. More people became conversant with sexual and reproductive health. Improved choices led to behaviors that enhanced the health status of those who participated in the program. Some of the program’s benefits include reduced risk-taking behaviors and teen pregnancies, the increased value of abstinence, and a higher number of people receiving appropriate treatment. Those who enrolled in family programs reported positive outcomes too. The program’s improvement will lead to better results in the future.

    References

    Lewinski, A. A., & Simmons, L. A. (2018). Nurse knowledge and engagement in health policy making: Findings from a pilot study.
    The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 49
    (9), 407-415.

    Primrose, S. (2012). The attack on planned parenthood: A historical analysis.
    UCLA Women’s LJ, 19
    , 165.

    Harris, M. J. (2016). Evaluating public and community health programs. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay.

    Assignment: Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation

    Program/policy evaluation is a valuable tool that can help strengthen the quality of programs/policies and improve outcomes for the populations they serve. Program/policy evaluation answers basic questions about program/policy effectiveness. It involves collecting and analyzing information about program/policy activities, characteristics, and outcomes. This information can be used to ultimately improve program services or policy initiatives.

    Nurses can play a very important role assessing program/policy evaluation for the same reasons that they can be so important to program/policy design. Nurses bring expertise and patient advocacy that can add significant insight and impact. In this Assignment, you will practice applying this expertise and insight by selecting an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflecting on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program/policy.

    To Prepare:

    Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources.

    Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you.

    Review community, state, or federal policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay.

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    The Assignment: (2–3 pages)

    Based on the program or policy evaluation you selected, complete the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template. Be sure to address the following:

    Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.

    How was the success of the program or policy measured?

    How many people were reached by the program or policy selected?

    How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?

    At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?

    What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?

    What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?

    What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.

    Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?

    Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?

    Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay.

    NURS_6050_Module05_Week10_Assignment_Rubric

    Excellent

    Good

    Fair

    Poor

    Program/Policy Evaluation

    Based on the program or policy evaluation you seelcted, complete the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template. Be sure to address the following:

    ·   Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes.

    ·   How was the success of the program or policy measured?

    ·   How many people were reached by the program or policy selected? How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected?

    ·   At what point in time in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted?

    32 
    (32%)
     – 35 
    (35%)

    Response clearly and accurately describes in detail the healthcare program or policy outcomes.

    Response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail how the success of the program or policy was measured.

    Response clearly and accurately describes in detail how many people were reached by the program or policy and fully describes the impact of the program or policy.

    Response clearly and accurately indicates the point at which time the program or policy evaluation was conducted.

    28 
    (28%)
     – 31 
    (31%)

    Response accurately describes the healthcare program or policy outcomes.

    Response accurately explains how the success of the program or policy was measured.

    Response accurately describes how many people were reached by the program or policy and accurately describes the impact of the program or policy.

    Response accurately indicates the point at which time the program or policy evaluation was conducted.

    25 
    (25%)
     – 27 
    (27%)

    Description of the healthcare program or policy outcomes is inaccurate or incomplete.

    Explanation of how the success of the program or policy was measured is inaccurate or incomplete.

    Description of how many people were reached by the program or policy and the impact is vague or inaccurate.

    Response vaguely describes the point at which the program or policy evaluation was conducted.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 24 
    (24%)

    Description of the healthcare program or policy outcomes is inaccurate and incomplete, or is missing.

    Explanation of how the success of the program or policy was measured is inaccurate and incomplete, or is missing.

    Description of how many people were reached by the program or policy and the associated impacts is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Response of the point at which time the program or policy was conducted is missing.

    Reporting of Program/Policy Evaluations

    ·   What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation?

    ·   What specific information on unintended consequences was identified?

    ·   What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit the most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples.

    ·   Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not?

    ·   Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not?

    ·   Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation.

    45 
    (45%)
     – 50 
    (50%)

    Response clearly and accurately identifies the data used to conduct the program or policy evaluation Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay.

    Response clearly and thoroughly explains in detail specific information on outcomes and unintended consequences identified through the program or policy evaluation.

    Response clearly and accurately explains in detail the stakeholders involved in the program or policy evaluation.

    Response clearly and accurately explains in detail who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation.

    Response includes a thorough and accurate explanation of whether the program met the original intent and outcomes, including an accurate and detailed explanation of the reasons supporting why or why not.

    Response includes a thorough and accurate explanation of whether the program should be implemented, including an accurate and detailed explanation of the reasons supporting why or why not.

    40 
    (40%)
     – 44 
    (44%)

    Response accurately identifies the data used to conduct the program or policy evaluation.

    Response explains in detail specific information on outcomes and unintended consequences identified through the program or policy evaluation.

    Response explains in detail the stakeholders involved in the program or policy evaluation.

    Response explains who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation.

    Response includes an accurate explanation of whether the program met the original intent and outcomes, including an accurate explanation of the reasons supporting why or why not.

    Response includes an accurate explanation of whether the program should be implemented, including an accurate explanation of the reasons supporting why or why not.

    35 
    (35%)
     – 39 
    (39%)

    Response vaguely or inaccurately identifies the data used to conduct the program or policy evaluation.

    Explanation of specific information on outcomes and unintended consequences identified through the program or policy evaluation is vague or incomplete.

    Explanation of the stakeholders involved in the program or policy evaluation is vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation is vague or inaccurate.

    Explanation of whether the program/policy met the original intent and outcomes and the reasons why or why not is incomplete or inaccurate.

    Explanation of whether the program or policy should be implemented, and the reasons why or why not, is incomplete or inaccurate.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 34 
    (34%)

    Identification of the data used to conduct the program or policy evaluation is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of specific information on outcomes and unitended consequences identified through the program or policy evaluation is vague and incomplete, or is missing.

    Explanation of the stakeholders involved in the program or policy evaluation is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of whether the program or policy met the original intent and outcomes and the reasons why or why not is incomplete and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Explanation of whether the program or policy should be implemented, and the reasons why or why not, is incomplete and inaccurate, or is missing.

    Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

    Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

    5 
    (5%)
     – 5 
    (5%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

    A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.

    4 
    (4%)
     – 4 
    (4%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

    Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay.

    3.5 
    (3.5%)
     – 3.5 
    (3.5%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.

    Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.

    0 
    (0%)
     – 3 
    (3%)

    Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5  (5%)  – 5  (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4  (4%)  – 4  (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3.5  (3.5%)  – 3.5  (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0  (0%)  – 3  (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5  (5%)  – 5  (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4  (4%)  – 4  (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3.5  (3.5%)  – 3.5  (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0  (0%)  – 3  (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_6050_Module05_Week10_Assignment_Rubric Assessing a Healthcare Program Essay

  • NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    Each state has different regulations, titles, scopes of practice, and regulatory standards (Milstead & Short, 2019, pp. 65) yet they have similar standards for education requirements. As a registered nurse and future advanced practicing registered nurse (APRN) in the state of Michigan, Nurse Practitioners are not recognized as a primary care provider as an individual (NCSLSOP, n.d.).  This means as an APRN I would require a Physician to overlook or delegate ‘tasks’ to maintain care for patients in the state of Michigan. That being stated, Michigan APRNs may prescribe nonscheduled drugs without a delegated physician (NCSLSOP, n.d.), but can prescribe schedules II-V controlled substances if a physician where to delegate the task to an APRN (NCSLSOP, n.d.). Schedules II-V controlled substances would include but not limited to Dilaudid, Methadone, Ketamine, Xanax, Ativan, Phenergan with Codeine, and more (Diversion Control Division, 2021) NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    Comparing Michigan, a single licensure state, to a state included in the Nurse Licensure Compact (NCL) is slightly different for APRNS. Arizona for an example allows APRNs to practice independently without the licensure of a physician compared to Michigan and they are recognized as primary care providers (NCSLSOP, n.d.). That being said, APRNs must work within the guideline and regulations of the state board of nursing, BON, (Milstead & Short, 2019) and they must practice within their scope as well as population focus (NCSLSOP, n.d.). As an RN we are licensed and regulated by our BON and must continuously monitor for changes to verify that we are adhering our care within our scope of practice, especially if one is a travel nurse or if you have recently moved to a different state since state specific practices can vary (Milstead & Short, 2019). To adhere to the regulations as an APRN one should research the states BON for their regulations as well as monitoring the jobs you apply for as an APRN. Some states, such as Arizona, allows APRNs to work without a delegating physician as I stated earlier, but that APRN has to apply for positions within their population focus, such as a Psychiatric mental health NP should not apply for a Pediatric primary care position in Arizona. Although, Arizona allows APRNs to work within their full scope of their education and experience, does not mean every state allows that and research should be done to validate proper and safe care is provided for communities. With the proper education and training, APRNs should be able to work within their scope and practice, as long as the care they are providing are within the guidelines of their BON or delegated from their overseeing Physician NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    References

    Diversion Control Division. (2021, March). 
    Scheduling actions controlled substances regulated chemicals.
     U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/orangebook.pdf

    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N.M. (2019). 
    Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide 
    (6
    th
     ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N.M. (2019). 
    Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide 
    (6
    th
     ed., pp 57-84). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

    NCSLSOP. (n.d.). Nurse Practitioners
    . Scope of practice policy. 
    Retrieved March 30, 2021, from https://scopeofpracticepolicy.org/practitioners/nurse-practitioners/?fbclid=IwAR0xWHuSPdq8iCfp0dAnEfL-tXd6M0vdq6MY9_Aunw54FsUC5fcXW_a1g3A NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    response

    I was surprised to learn from your post that Michigan remains a single licensure state, so I looked around and found on the Michigan Health and Hospital Association (2020) that the Michigan House Bill 4042 passed both chambers but was vetoed by the governor December 30
    th
    . Representative Mary Whiteford did reintroduce the legislation as HB 4046 for the 2021-2022 legislative session and hopefully it will pass and continue all the way through.

    It is important to note that the Enhanced Nursing Licensure Compact (eNLC) was implemented in 2018 to include new standards like state and federal fingerprint based criminal background checks that the original Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC) did not have (Gaines, 2021). The eNLC will allow practitioners who travel to practice in multiple states without delay, and this is especially important when examining the current pandemic and the increased importance of advanced practice registered nurses. There are continued concerns that do need to be addressed in the eNLC as it moves forward like how to properly discipline, loss of state revenue, and how to work with the increase need for telehealth NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    References

    Gaines, K. (2021, March 7). Compact nursing states list 2021. 
    Nurse.
     Retrieved from https://nurse.org/articles/enhanced-compact-multi-state-license-eNLC/

    Michigan Health and Hospital Association. (2020). 
    Nurse Licensure Compact passes the house. 
    Retrieved from https://mha.org/Newsroom/ID/2351/Nurse-Licensure-Compact-Passes-the-House

    Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    Boards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.

    It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions.

      ORDER A PLAGIARISM FREE PAPER NOW

    To Prepare:

    Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.

    Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.

    Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion.NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    By Day 3 of Week 5

    Post
     a comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected.

    By Day 6 of Week 5

    Respond
     to at least 
    two
     of your colleagues
    * on two different days
    and explain how the regulatory environment and the regulations selected by your colleague differ from your state/region. Be specific and provide examples NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    Throughout the years, the evolution of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) has been inconsistent due to the U.S. Constitution giving states the right to establish laws governing professions and occupations. Thus, each state has unique titles, scopes of practice, and regulatory standards (Milstead & Short, 2019). According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) (n.d.), “APRN practice is typically defined by the Nurse Practice Act and governed by the Board of Nursing, but other laws and regulations may impact practice, and other boards may play a role”. APRNs who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience, the state permits those NPs to evaluate patients; initiate and manage treatments; diagnose, order, and interpret diagnostic tests; and prescribe medications and controlled substances (State Practice Environment, 2021).

    Currently in my state of practice, Virginia, a Nurse Practitioner (NP) with a current license may qualify for autonomous practice after the completion of having five years of full-time clinical experience, a total of 9,000 hours, under a patient care team physician. An NP that has been authorized to practice autonomously can only practice within the scope of the NP’s clinical and professional training and limits of the NP’s knowledge and experience, consult and collaborate with other health care providers based on a patient’s clinical condition, and establish a plan for referral of complex medical cases and emergencies to other health care providers. Another regulation that Virginia has is that unless an NP has been authorized for autonomous practice, the NP may only prescribe Schedule II-VI drugs after meeting certain criteria, having authorization from the Boards of Nursing and Medicine, and obtaining registration from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). An example of one of these criteria includes having authorization to prescribe medications through a practice agreement with a
    collaborating physician
    (Laws and Regulations, 2018).

    In the state of North Carolina, NPs are not allowed to practice autonomously at any given time and must have a collaborative practice agreement with a primary supervising physician. For an NP to prescribe medications in North Carolina, the NP has to have authorization by the physician approved by the boards as the NP’s supervisor and the supervising physician has stated the drugs that the NP may prescribe in the collaborative practice agreement. In order to prescribe controlled substances, the NP must have an assigned DEA number that is entered on each prescription. This is similar to the regulation stated by Virginia; however, in North Carolina, NPs can prescribe Schedule II-IV drugs with the additional ability to prescribe Schedule V drugs. (Nurse Practitioner Laws & Rules: North Carolina Board of Nursing, 2021) NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    References

    APRN state law and regulation
    . American Nurses Association. (n.d.).

    https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/state/aprn-state-law-and-

    regulation/

    Laws and regulations
    . Virginia Board of Nursing. (2018, July 6).

    http://www.dhp.virginia.gov/Boards/Nursing/PractitionerResources/LawsRegulations/

    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6
    th
     ed.).

    Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    Nurse practitioner laws & rules: North carolina board of nursing
    . North Carolina Board of

    Nursing. (2021).

    https://www.ncbon.com/practice-nurse-practitioner-nurse-practitioner-laws-rules

    State practice environment
    . American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2021, January 1).

    https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/state/state-practice-environment NURS 6050 week 5 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

  • Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay

    Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay

    Two opportunities in which nurses or APRNs can become involved in policy review are getting to know your elected officials and attending meetings for the board of nursing.  Your elected official represents you and the community.  The hospital I worked for had a nurse’s union.  Issues within the hospital 
    directly affecting the community
    , and neither side would give in,
     and the union discussed it with the then-elected mayor at the time.  These constant visits to the mayor’s office evolved into a relationship between the union and the mayor.  After merging with another hospital system, the hospital I worked for wanted to terminate their pediatrics department and transfer it to the other hospital.  
     The union informed the mayor of the hospital’s intention, town hall meetings were held, and it was also found to be a violation of a treaty between the city and the hospital. As nurses, we have a strong influence 
    on policy
     (Brokaw, 2016).  The mayor that my union formulated a relationship with is now a senator
    , and he continues to advocate for changes in healthcare Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.
     

    Attending state board of nursing meetings 
    is important if you are interested in the policy review.  The board of nursing has a lawyer that lobbies for changes.  
    Nurses are not familiar with legality.  Hence the reason a lawyer is a part of the board of nursing.  Issues are introduced at the board meeting, discussed, and then voted on whether to present to the constituent.   These meetings are very intense because many lobbyists are present, and according to which policy is being discussed, they know which senator to approach.  At one of the meetings I attended, the subject was the legalization of marijuana and how it will affect the APRN’s ability to prescribe?   Removing marijuana from the drug screen toxicology was also brought up.  If someone smoked in a state where marijuana is legal and travel to another state where marijuana is illegal, have they committed a crime.  Another topic discussed was the impaired nurses.  Penalties and years of suspension, working back towards license redemption, and should they go back to the bedside.  There is a log keeping track of the impaired nurses and their progress Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.  
     

    Challenges to policy review are convincing nurses to get involved, lack communication, collaboration, and information sharing among nurses, and change t
    he nurse-physician role (Rasheed, Younas, & Mehdi , 2020).  Nurses feel as though they are subordinates to physicians, and the gender role of men being in the position of authority are other challenges that nurses face (Rasheed, Younas, & Mehdi , 2020).  Nurses fail to realize that they do have an excessive influence concerning policy changes as the largest profession in size and direct interaction with the patient gives nurses a more powerful and louder voice.

    Two strategies that may help bridge the gap and get more nurses involved are networking.  My union president took advantage of any opportunity she had to get more nurses involved.  There were chain text messages of upcoming meetings, and in the breakroom, many flyers were posted.  When attending the board meetings, we went in groups.  Groups held more accountability for each other Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.
     
     

    References

    Brokaw, J. J. (2016, September 22). 
    The nursing profession’s potential impact on policy and politics
    . Retrieved from American Nurses: https://www.myamericannurse.com/nursing-professions-potential-impact-policy-politics

    Rasheed, S. P., Younas, A., & Mehdi , F. (2020, May 25). Challenges, extent of involvement, and the impact of nurses’ involvement in politics and policy making in in last two decades: an integrative review. 
    Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52
    (4), 446 – 455. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12567

    Shethna, J. (n.d.). 
    13 Basic benefits of joining a professional organization
    . Retrieved April 11, 2021, from EDUCBA: https://www.educba.com/joining-a-professional-organization/ Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay

     response 1

     Registered Nurses (RNs) and Advanced Practicing Registered Nurses (APRNs) have several ways and opportunities to be involved with policy review. I was recently affiliated with a hospitals nursing union where we went on strike due to inappropriate nursing staffing ratios, health care plans, wages, and much more. I can attest that getting your local mayor and local representatives on your side is very beneficial and can aide in making changes. After creating a relationship with several local community members, several doors of opportunities can open, such as becoming a board member of other groups and actively participating within the union to review policies and to make changes happen. Even if that means a strike is necessarily. Just as you stated and Milstead and Short (2019) has mentioned, we can make change with numbers especially with nurses being one of the largest healthcare group.

    Regarding the portion where you mention the policy changes in your area regarding marijuana use in legal states and then traveling to other states where it is illegal. I live in a state where recreational marijuana use is legal, except several employers in my area will not tolerate it. Employers have found it difficult to validate when the use occurred, so they do hold the right to fire employees for testing positive if positive for marijuana on a drug test (Barreiro, n.d.). So, it is interesting how some employers do not mind, as long as it is legal, while others can and will fire you if a drug screen is positive. As a nurse, we can advocate and change policy if we bring our concerns to the table. I am not saying it is right, but I am not saying it is wrong either. There is definitely a gray area in this subject, especially in this day and age Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    Nursing is all about networking and making connections and it will continue to be that way. Nurses create a strong influence on people since we are always meeting and taking care of new people. Not only will these connections help make change, but they will always help us become more well-rounded and educate of us, nurses, on other topics that may influence our care and policies. Especially, if some of our connections are individuals that are elected officials, for they have the ability to make changes higher up, which is why we should continue to monitor congress.gov (n.d.) and reach out to governors’ regarding their ideas and plans. Especially because we have a professional obligation to involve ourselves with finding new solutions in health care (Laureate Education, 2018) Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    Reference

    Barreiro, S. (n.d.). 
    State laws on off-duty marijuana use. 
    NOLO. Retrieved April 27, 2021, from https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/state-laws-on-off-duty-marijuana-use.html#michigan

    Congress.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2021 from https://www.congress.gov/

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). 
    Program policy and evaluation
     [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N.M. (2019). 
    Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide 
    (6
    th
     ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

     

    response 2

    Nurses spend more time with their patients and are ready to stand up for important issues to their patients. Nurses are taught to be caregivers and advocates, and they are never quiet when it comes to advocacy. However, nurse’s involvement in politics is usually not evidence.

    I do agree with you on your recommendations. Nurses need to start from the basics by voting and getting to know their elected officials and calling the offices of these officers to advocate for policies they support Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay. The nurse can develop and established contacts with legislators and forge relationships with elected officials (Milstead & Short, 2019).

    Participating in a professional organization is also recommended; nurses can go the extra mile by seeking experienced nurse advocate for mentorship. There are still challenges nurses to face concerning impacting politics in total, and one of them is the view of the publics of nurses. A research poll of the public opinion of nurses showed that nurses are perceived as caregivers and not as decision-makers (Nitzky, 2018). suppose the workplace provides support and avenue for nurses to participate in their workplace policy, and employers respect and promote the nurses’ contributions. In that case, the public will start to view nurses differently.

    Reference

    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6
    th
     ed.). Burlington, MA:

    Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    NItzky, A. (2018). How to lead change in nursing through political action. 
    Oncology Nursing News Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay
    .

    https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/how-to-lead-change-in-nursing-through-political-
    action

    sample response 3

    I support the fact that nurses should attend meetings conducted by the board of nursing. They have first to join professional nursing organizations before they can get the opportunity to participate in the meetings. While at the meetings, they can raise policy issues they have seen affecting healthcare delivery at their facilities and propose changes (Matthew, 2012). Through professional organizations, nurses can gain access to politicians who have a strong influence on decision-making. Therefore, nurses can participate indirectly in policy review by joining professional organizations, allowing them to interact with policymakers and give them ideas (Matthew, 2012).

    Nurses need to become more involved in policy review by collaborating with other healthcare providers. Physicians should allow nurses to pursue leadership positions instead of having them working under them all the time. Some nurses are afraid to speak up before physicians and other healthcare personnel because they have not been allowed to do so. I think that nurses should not be intimidated by their positions as they strongly influence policymaking and review. Physicians need to provide nurses with training and mentorship to take up active advocacy roles (Turale & Kunaviktikul, 2019). Their voices need to be heard, and they should advocate for their best interests and that of their clients Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    References

    Matthews, J. (2012). Role of professional organizations in advocating for the nursing profession. 
    Online J Issues Nurs
    , 
    17
    (3).

    Turale, S., & Kunaviktikul, W. (2019). The contribution of nurses to health policy and advocacy requires leaders to provide training and mentorship. 
    International nursing review
    , 
    66
    (3), 302-304 Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    Discussion: The Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation

    In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. A critical component of any policy design is evaluation of the results. How comfortable are you with the thought of becoming involved with such matters?

    Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies?

    In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    To Prepare:

    In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.

    Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.

    By Day 3 of Week 9

    Post
     an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in 
    policy review
    .
     Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples.

    By Day 6 of Week 9

    Respond
     to at least 
    two
     of your colleagues
    * on two different days
     by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.

    As members of the largest segment of the healthcare workforce, nurses have an important role in policy and program evaluation” (Milstead & Short, 2019, p. 117). Nurses have a huge role in patient care and advocacy.  They are, in most cases, the last line of defense for the patient. Therefore, a nurse’s role in policy and program change are the most important part of the team Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW

    The first opportunity to participate through the workplace, as part of a committee. “Working on organizational boards or involvement in shared governance offers firsthand knowledge” (Jurns, 2019). Most facilities offer committees to assist and get people involved in policy making and leadership. Take advantage and ask your leadership how to get involved. The second opportunity is to work with local politicians on policy that could be part of the legislative process. Politicians look for expert advice from healthcare professionals to implement change in healthcare policy. This would be an excellent way to give input into policy or programs.

     

    One challenge for these opportunities is finding a point champion with the knowledge and skills necessary to lead a team for a change of policy. “Having a skilled and knowledgeable point champion and adequate resources are key to a successful evaluation” (Milstead & Short, 2019, p. 122). This person not only should be knowledgeable on the subject but be able to lead and communicate with his/her team. Another challenge would be any ethical dilemmas that may arise from changes in policy. Many organizations, including the CDC has ethical guidelines that you can follow to make sure any policy changes are ethically correct, so its important to review some of these guidelines before making any important decisions Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    “When implementing policies or programs designed to improve the health of populations and communities, professional nurses must adopt strategies to minimize evaluation challenges” (Milstead & Short, 2019, p. 122). The first strategy I would recommend is to contact your local politician and ask how you could get involved. Every state website has the email and phone numbers of all the local politicians and how you may contact them regarding policy and legislation. The second strategy I would use would be recognizing any possible conflicts that may arise between the members of your team.  Remember that nothing will ever get final if there is conflict and indecisiveness amongst the team.  Negotiate and compromise as much as you can and listen to one another’s concerns.

     
    References

     
    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). 
    Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide
     (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

    Jurns, C. (2019). Policy Advocacy Motivators and Barriers: Research Results and Applications Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay. 
    Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
    , 
    24
    (3), N.PAG. 
    https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol24No03PPT63

    response

    As you and Milstead & Short (2019) has stated, nurses are one of the largest healthcare workforces and we supply an exponential amount of money for healthcare policies, lobbyists, and more. That being said, we should be a large sum of the individuals that participate within health care policy making and evaluation. Being an advocate and actively participating in your community I think is very important. Those are the people that know you and should know you and will speak highly of you. As we all know, word of mouth travels fast, positively and negatively, especially within the healthcare field. Somehow a patient will know someone, who knows someone, that is related to a politician Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay.

    Hopefully, at this point in time in our career, that is a good thing. At least for myself, I want to advocate for my community members and if that means I can speak directly to a politician regarding a health care concern, I would be ecstatic. Nurses are great at communicating concerns, identifying issues, and of course providing recommendations (Olson, 2020). The whole ISBAR (identify, situation, background, assessment, and recommendation) is a great tool to utilize not only when speaking to healthcare providers, but also politicians, making it easy and relatable for non-healthcare providers to relate to situations and influence their decisions (Milstead & Short 2019).

    As we know, there are always challenges, even with the best communications skills. You mentioned that having the skills and knowledge are keys to success, which I could not agree more with. Knowing how to approach issues appropriately can be difficult if you do not have to proper tools or any for that matter. Although, finding a mentor or a reputable resources or organization to aid in yourself growth is important, especially if you want to begin your adventure with policy review Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay. Knowing where to start and how to find it is only the beginning and sometimes, we may not be aware of an issue until is it in legislation (Laureate Education, 2018). So, finding an organization or induvial to walk you through the steps and assist you to speak up when the time is right (Milstead & Short, 2019) is very important and something we are learning, especially in this course.

    Resources

    Milstead, J. A., & Short, N.M. (2019). 
    Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide 
    (6
    th
     ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning.

    Laureate Education (Producer). (2018) 
    Program policy and evaluation 
    [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

    Olson, K. (2020). 
    Influence through policy: four steps YOU can take
    . Nursing Centered. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://nursingcentered.sigmanursing.org/commentary/more-commentary/Vol42_2_influence-through-policy-four-steps-you-can-take Role of the RN/APRN in Policy Evaluation Essay

  • NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    APRN Prescriptive Authority for Arkansas and Texas

    Prescriptive authority in the state of Arkansas for APRNs requires that the APRN be licensed in the state of Arkansas with prescribing practices within the scope of practice per the practitioner’s certification category. Within one year of beginning an APRN level pharmacology course, the practitioner must complete 300 hours of experience with a qualified preceptor and submit a collaborative practice agreement with an Arkansas licensed physician who has an unrestricted DEA registration number. After meeting these requirements, only then can an APRN prescribe legend drugs and medicines or therapeutic devices specific to the practitioner’s area of practice. For controlled drugs, only Schedule III through V may be prescribed by an APRN. With the exception of hydrocodone combination products, an APRN may not prescribe Schedule I and II controlled substances (
    Arkansas Department of Health
    2018) NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    In the state of Texas, prescriptive authority for APRNs requires the practitioner have successful completion of graduate level pharmacotherapeutics, advanced pathophysiology, and advanced health assessment. The practitioner must also complete 45 hours per course of preceptor experience with a qualified preceptor. If an APRN has prescriptive authority in another state, the practitioner must meet the education requirements of Texas before being able to have
    prescriptive authority
    . The practitioner also has the ability to authorize or prevent the use of generic substitutions on prescription drugs. Unlike Arkansas, APRNs in Texas are allowed to prescribe Schedule II controlled substances, but only in the hospital setting (
    Practice – APRN Scope of Practice
    2019) NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    APRN Delegation Regulations for Arkansas and Texas

    In the state of Arkansas, an APRN may delegate certain tasks to nurses and/or unlicensed staff. The task may include noninvasive treatments, collection and documentation of data, ambulation, positioning, or turning, and personal hygiene. Tasks that should not be delegated include physical assessments, formulation of the patient’s plan of care, transmitting verbal or telephone orders, and an APRN cannot delegate to unlicensed staff the calling in of prescriptions to the pharmacy (
    Arkansas Department of Health
     2018).

    One of the major differences in delegation for the state of Texas is that unlike Arkansas, administration of medication to a patient may be delegated to a medication aide in correctional health, long term care facilities, and home health agencies. All other general criteria for delegation apply for the state of Texas as well, with the responsibility of determining competence of the delegate resting on the delegating APRN (
    Practice – APRN Scope of Practice
     2019).

    Prescriptive Authority and Delegation for APRNs with Full Practice Authority

    Prescriptive authority and delegation regulations for APRNs with full practice authority may be affected by the continuous state and national barriers that prevent qualifying practitioners from practicing to their full extent. If allowed to work to their full extent of education and training, APRNs will be able to provide services to vulnerable populations, such as minorities and the uninsured (Bosse et al., 2017) NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

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    References

    Arkansas Department of Health. (2018, December 29). https://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/topics/arsbn-adv.-practice.

    Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017). Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary care. 
    Nursing Outlook
    , 
    65
    (6), 761–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.002

    Practice – APRN Scope of Practice
    . Texas Board of Nursing – Practice – APRN Scope of Practice. (2019). https://www.bon.texas.gov/practice_scope_of_practice_aprn.asp.

    Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations

    Boards of Nursing (BONs) exist in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands. Similar entities may also exist for different regions. The mission of BONs is the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice. BONs put into practice state/region regulations for nurses that, among other things, lay out the requirements for licensure and define the scope of nursing practice in that state/region.

    It can be a valuable exercise to compare regulations among various state/regional boards of nursing. Doing so can help share insights that could be useful should there be future changes in a state/region. In addition, nurses may find the need to be licensed in multiple states or regions NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    To Prepare:

    Review the Resources and reflect on the mission of state/regional boards of nursing as the protection of the public through the regulation of nursing practice.

    Consider how key regulations may impact nursing practice.

    Review key regulations for nursing practice of your state’s/region’s board of nursing and those of at least one other state/region and select at least two APRN regulations to focus on for this Discussion..

    By Day 3 of Week 5

    Post
    a comparison of at least two APRN board of nursing regulations in your state/region with those of at least one other state/region. Describe how they may differ. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the regulations you selected may apply to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) who have legal authority to practice within the full scope of their education and experience. Provide at least one example of how APRNs may adhere to the two regulations you selected NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    By Day 6 of Week 5

    Respond
     to at least 
    two
     of your colleagues
    * on two different days
     and explain how the regulatory environment and the regulations selected by your colleague differ from your state/region. Be specific and provide examples.

    In New Jersey, while an advanced practice nurse (APN) or nurse practitioner (NP) cannot practice independently, they are recognized as primary care providers.  Otherwise known as a joint protocol, they require “collaboration, and a written protocol with a physician is required when prescribing medications” (NCSLSOP Scope of Practice Policy, 2021).  This collaboration also extends to prescription writing for all medications (The State of New Jersey, n.d.).    The APNs that I have worked with, prescription pads have a medical doctor’s name and NPI number written on them.  When the APNs introduce themselves, they inform the staff of the name of which doctor they are collaborating with.

    In comparison, all advanced practice nurses in Florida do not require collaboration.  HB 607 (Autonomous Practice) is a bill that was passed on March 11, 2020, allowing APNs to be autonomous (FLANP).  They can practice independently, including prescription writing of any drug (NCSLSOP Scope of Practice Policy, 2021). Every nurse practitioner does not have to be autonomous, as it is a choice to be independent or collaborate.   Those who choose to practice autonomously will require additional continuing education hours that include “three graduate-level semester classes in differential diagnosis, three graduate-level semester classes in pharmacology” (FLANP)
    , 
    and 3,000 hours of supervision.
      
     
    The APNs 
    who 
    choose to continue to collaborate will do so under the supervision of a doctor and cannot prescribe control substances NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations.

    While I agree that APNs should practice independently, I agree with the mandatory supervision hours.  Even though nurses are encouraged to advance their education, the balance requires hands-on care and practice.  We do not want book competent nurses that are deficient in critical thinking due to a lack of clinical exposure. The job of the state board of nursing and as a regulatory body is to protect the public from harm.  Florida’s board of nursing made great strife in going from a restricted status of APN licensure to independent status, yet put the correct stipulations in place to protect the public.

    References

    FLANP.
     (n.d.). Retrieved from Florida Association of Nurse Practitioners: https://www.flanp.org/page/AutonomousPractice

    NCSLSOP Scope of Practice Policy
    . (2021). Retrieved from National Organizations for State and Local Officials: https://scopeofpracticepolicy.org/states/nj/

    The State of New Jersey
    . (n.d.). Retrieved from New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs: https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/nur/Pages/APN-Certification NURS 6050 Discussion: Professional Nursing and State-Level Regulations