Category: Nursing

  • When a person uses nicotine, it causes temporary feelings of relaxation and well-being. Nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors in the brain, augmenting the release of numerous neurotransmitters.

    When a person uses nicotine, it causes temporary feelings of relaxation and well-being. Nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors in the brain, augmenting the release of numerous neurotransmitters.’

    SCENARIO 4

    When a person uses nicotine, it causes temporary feelings of relaxation and well-being. Nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors in the brain, augmenting the release of numerous neurotransmitters. Name at least three of these neurotransmitters. Patients may self-medicate ADHD, anxiety, and depression by smoking. Is there a medication that could treat ADHD, anxiety, depression, and provide smoking cessation? Write a complete medication order for this medication. Does the patient need to quit smoking before starting treatment?

     

    SCENARIO 4

    Nicotine acts upon nicotinic receptors in the brain, thereby causing the discharge of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This mechanism can help justify why people provide nicotine to treat diseases like ADHD, anxiety, and depression, among others. These conditions and smoking cessation can be treated with the help of bupropion, which is sold under the name of Wellbutrin SR (Zhang et al., 2023).

    A complete prescription for this purpose would be as follows, Bupropion sustained release of 150mg in the pack of 60 tablets. One tablet should be taken orally for the first three days, while one tablet should be taken two times daily for smoking relief, ADHD, and depression and with a single refill (Naguy & Badr, 2022).

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    There is no requirement for the patient to stop smoking before they begin the program and take bupropion. In most cases, the second party wishes to quit dates before the two weeks the medication is administered. Supervision during treatment is quite an elaborate process and entails the following. The status of the phenomenon of interest, such as the patient’s mood, anxiety levels, and whether they are smoking, should be assessed frequently (Picciotto & Kenny, 2021). One also has to consider the side effects; for example, one may develop insomnia or agitated feelings during treatment. Also, compliance with the suggested regimen and the drug’s effectiveness should be revisited after 4-6 weeks if the best results are required.

    References

    Naguy, A., & Badr, B. H. (2022). Bupropion—myth-busting!. 
    CNS spectrums
    , 
    27
    (5), 545-546.

    Picciotto, M. R., & Kenny, P. J. (2021). Mechanisms of nicotine addiction. 
    Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
    , 
    11
    (5), a039610.

    Zhang, H., Gilbert, E., Hussain, S., Veldhuizen, S., Le Foll, B., Selby, P., & Zawertailo, L. (2023). Effectiveness of bupropion and varenicline for smokers with baseline depressive symptoms. 
    Nicotine and Tobacco Research
    , 
    25
    (5), 937-944. When a person uses nicotine, it causes temporary feelings of relaxation and well-being. Nicotine binds to nicotinic receptors in the brain, augmenting the release of numerous neurotransmitters.

  • Buspirone has a half-life of approximately 2 hours. If a patient takes 15 mg at 8 am, what will the blood level be at 2 pm? Can buspirone be given as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy?

    Buspirone has a half-life of approximately 2 hours. If a patient takes 15 mg at 8 am, what will the blood level be at 2 pm? Can buspirone be given as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy?

    SCENARIO 1

    Buspirone has a half-life of approximately 2 hours. If a patient takes 15 mg at 8 am, what will the blood level be at 2 pm? Can buspirone be given as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy? Name 3 antidepressants you might prescribe for patients with co-existing depression and anxiety (include complete medication orders) and include patient monitoring.

    Scenario 1

    Antidepressants and other psychotic disorders need close medication monitoring so that high medication efficacy is achieved. Quite frequently, the half-life of a particular drug and distribution volume determines how well the given medication will perform and the result expected from patients. The half-life of constipation is about 2 hours, and buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic (Shin et al., 2024). Should a patient decide to take 15 mg at 8 a.m., the concentration of the drug in his body will halve every 2 hours. Hence, at 2.00 p.m., the drug will have been cleared of six half-lives (15 mg-7.5 mg-3.75 mg-1.875 mg-0.9375 mg-?0.46875 mg-?0.234375 mg). Therefore, the drug’s level in the blood will be (0.234375 mg) minuscule by 2 p.m.

    Nevertheless, it should be noted that buspirone is being used as an adjunct drug, which means that it has antidepressant activity and can be prescribed for patients with signs of depression accompanied by anxiety. Other three antidepressants that can be used in the treatment of depression accompanied by anxiety include other drugs such as sertraline, venlafaxine, and escitalopram (Du et al., 2024).

    Below are complete prescriptions for each:

    Sertraline 50 mg; 30 tabs: Take one tab PO daily for depression and anxiety.

    Refills: twice

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    Venlafaxine XR 75 mg; 30 tabs: Take one cap PO daily with food for depression and anxiety.

    Refills: twice.

    Escitalopram 10 mg; 30 tabs

    Take one tab of PO daily for depression and anxiety.

    Refills: 2.

    Depression patients under medication should be monitored regularly to assess for drug side effects and medication outcomes. Patient symptoms would include mood changes and anxiety symptoms. Secondly, the patient should be on close monitoring for Blood pressure levels when under venlafaxine medication due to the increased risk of hypertension. Finally, the patient should be on serotonin syndrome (Browne et al., 2021) Buspirone has a half-life of approximately 2 hours. If a patient takes 15 mg at 8 am, what will the blood level be at 2 pm? Can buspirone be given as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy?

     

     
    References

    Browne, P. D., Bolte, A. C., Besseling-van der Vaart, I., Claassen, E., & de Weerth, C. (2021). Probiotics as a treatment for prenatal maternal anxiety and depression: a double-blind randomized pilot trial. 
    Scientific reports
    , 
    11
    (1), 3051.

    Du, Y., Li, Q., Dou, Y., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Yan, Y., … & Ma, X. (2024). Side effects and cognitive benefits of buspirone: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 
    Heliyon
    .

    Shin, E., Renzi, D., Canales, C., Ravichandran, C., McDougle, C. J., & Thom, R. P. (2024). Buspirone for the treatment of anxiety in Williams syndrome: a retrospective chart review study. 
    Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
    , 
    25
    (1), 113-120.

     

    NURS_6521_Week7_Assignment_Rubric

    NURS_6521_Week7_Assignment_Rubric

    Criteria

    Ratings

    Pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.

    15 to >11.0 pts

    Excellent

    Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate.

    11 to >7.0 pts

    Good

    Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues.

    7 to >3.0 pts

    Fair

    Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient.

    3 to >0 pts

    Poor

    Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.

    15 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    3 pts

    Complete

    Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    Buspirone has a half-life of approximately 2 hours. If a patient takes 15 mg at 8 am, what will the blood level be at 2 pm? Can buspirone be given as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy?

    0 pts

    Poor

    The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.

    3 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.

    4 pts

    Excellent

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used.

    3 pts

    Good

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.

    2 pts

    Fair

    References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.

    4 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 1: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

    3 pts

    Excellent

    Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.

    2 pts

    Good

    Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    1 pts

    Fair

    Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.

    3 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.

    15 to >11.0 pts

    Excellent

    Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate.

    11 to >7.0 pts

    Good

    Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues.

    7 to >3.0 pts

    Fair

    Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient.

    3 to >0 pts

    Poor

    Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.

    15 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    3 pts

    Complete

    Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    0 pts

    Poor

    The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.

    3 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.

    4 pts

    Excellent

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used.

    3 pts

    Good

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.

    2 pts

    Fair

    References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.

    4 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 2: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

    3 pts

    Excellent

    Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.

    2 pts

    Good

    Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    1 pts

    Fair

    Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.

    3 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.

    15 to >11.0 pts

    Excellent

    Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate.

    11 to >7.0 pts

    Good

    Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues.

    7 to >3.0 pts

    Fair

    Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient.

    3 to >0 pts

    Poor

    Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.

    15 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    3 pts

    Complete

    Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    0 pts

    Poor

    The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.

    3 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.

    4 pts

    Excellent

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used.

    3 pts

    Good

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.

    2 pts

    Fair

    References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.

    4 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 3: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

    3 pts

    Excellent

    Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.

    2 pts

    Good

    Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    1 pts

    Fair

    Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.

    3 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.

    15 to >11.0 pts

    Excellent

    Medication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate.

    11 to >7.0 pts

    Good

    Medication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues.

    7 to >3.0 pts

    Fair

    Medication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient.

    3 to >0 pts

    Poor

    Medication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.

    15 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    3 pts

    Complete

    Written medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.

    0 pts

    Poor

    The prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.

    3 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.

    4 pts

    Excellent

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used.

    3 pts

    Good

    References for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.

    2 pts

    Fair

    References for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    No references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.

    4 pts

    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeScenario 4: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

    3 pts

    Excellent

    Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.

    2 pts

    Good

    Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    1 pts

    Fair

    Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

    0 pts

    Poor

    Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.

    3 pts

    Total Points: 100 Buspirone has a half-life of approximately 2 hours. If a patient takes 15 mg at 8 am, what will the blood level be at 2 pm? Can buspirone be given as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy?

  • Fading Echoes Poem and clair de lune song Art Creation

    Fading Echoes Poem and clair de lune song Art Creation

    Part 1: Art Creation

    Select a poem, musical piece to use as a point of inspiration. Create a work of poetry, lyrics, inspired by your selected art piece.

    Note: If your art creation requires a separate file submission, please submit in the Art Creation Submission (Recordings) area following this assignment.

    Part 2: Reflection

    Write a reflection about the relationship between your art production and the inspiration piece. Include the following in the reflection paper:

    Introduction

    Inspiration Piece

    Include the inspiration poem, lyrics, within the document. Use a link in the case of a recording.

    Record the title, artist/author/composer, year, and place of origin.

    Briefly explain the background of the inspiration piece.

    Your Art Piece

    Include your original poem or lyrics within the document.

    Provide a title.

    Explain the background of your piece.

    Connection

    Explain the thematic connection between the two pieces.

    How are they similar and different?

    Are they the same medium? How does the medium impact what the viewer experiences?

    Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page, text of inspiration piece, or references page)

    1-inch margins

    Double spaced

    12-point Times New Roman font

    Title page

    References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source)

    Fading Echoes Poem and clair de lune song Art Creation

     

    Art creation

    Part 1: Art Creation

    Original Poem: “Fading Echoes”

    Whispers of the past drift through the trees,

    Like shadows that linger, caught in the breeze.

    Memories flutter as petals fall,

    A symphony of silence, an untold call.

    Through the quiet night, the stars unfold,

    Stories of sorrow, stories untold.

    In the hush of dawn, I hear the sound,

    Of fleeting moments that can’t be found.

    Like the river’s flow, relentless and exhaustive,

    Time slips away, with nothing to hide.

    Yet still, I search for a trace, a sign,

    Of something eternal, a moment divine.

     

    Part 2: Reflection

    Inspiration Piece
    : “Clair de Lune”

    Composer
    : Claude Debussy

    Year
    : 1905

    Place of Origin: France

    Claude Debussy created his delicate classical piano piece, “Clair de Lune,” in 1905 while in France. The piece comes from “Light of the Moon,” while the music creates an atmospheric environment that depicts moonlight through its calm harmonies and slow rhythm (Lidén, 2021). Debussy completed the piece for his Suite, and it became one of his signature masterpieces.

    My Art Piece: “Fading Echoes”

    The meditation passage of my poetic work “Fading Echoes” traces time’s flow across memory and loss from beginning to end, similar to Debussy’s “Clair de Lune.” The poetry explores momentary vanishing experiences, temporal shifts, and eternal searches for eternity, which match Debussy’s composition with its soft, subtle musical qualities.

    The two artistic works establish a connection through their peaceful nature and exploration of time progression. The two artworks trigger emotional responses amongst listeners and readers. The piano music of “Clair de Lune” develops an ambiance through its tones to establish comparable mood atmospheres (Lidén, 2021). Auditory time experiences in “Clair de Lune” permeate directly through musical instruments, yet my poem employs metaphors to let readers experience emotional loss of memory and existential seeking.

    References

    Lidén, S. (2021). Multi-methodological piano studies. Fading Echoes Poem and clair de lune song Art Creation

  • NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key

    NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key

    Module 3: GI, Renal and GU, Hematological, and Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions

    As you complete Module 3, you will measure your understanding of the key topics in Weeks 7–9 with another 20-question Knowledge Check. Keep in mind this formative assessment is designed to help you prepare for the Final Exam in Week 11, and for gaining practice in question content and formats for the Family Nurse Practitioner certification test.

     

    To prepare:

    Review Learning Resources from Weeks 7, 8, and 9, using the topic list, below, as a guide.

    Module 3 Knowledge Check topics will include the following:

    Signs of gastrointestinal conditions

    Diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders

    Signs of renal and genitourinary conditions

    Diagnosis, treatment, and management of renal and genitourinary conditions

    Gynecologic disorders in girls and teens

    Signs of hematologic conditions

    Signs of metabolic and endocrine conditions

    Hyperbilirubinemia in infants

    Diagnosis, treatment, and management of hematologic conditions

    Diagnosis, treatment, and management of metabolic and endocrine conditions

    Socio-cultural considerations in treating/working with patients and families

    Evidence-based strategies for patient/family health promotion and education

    Knowledge Check

    You are required to answer 20 questions, randomly selected. You will have 1 attempt for each question. Each question is worth 1 point.

    By Day 7 of Week 9

    Complete
     and 
    submit
     your Knowledge Check.

     

    NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key

    Attempt History

    Attempt

    Time

    Score

    LATEST

    Attempt 1

    Time:2
    7 minutes

    Score:
    20 out of 20

     Correct answers will be available on Apr 29 at 10:59pm.

    Score for this quiz: 
    20
     out of 20

    Submitted Apr 24 at 7:24pm

    This attempt took 27 minutes.

    Question 1

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    An adolescent female has heavy periods that are also irregular. The physical exam is normal. A complete blood count reveals a hemoglobin of 7.9 g/dL. What test will the primary care nurse practitioner order next?

     

    Ultrasound of pelvis

     

    C-reactive protein

     

    Coagulation studies

     

    Thyroid function

     

     

    CORRECT: C

    Coagulation studies

    Chp 43–If the patient’s hemoglobin is low, coagulation studies should be ordered to rule out bleeding disorder as cause of heavy menstrual bleeding. CRP is ordered if infection is suspected. Thyroid function is indicated if systemic disease is suspected. A pelvic ultrasound is ordered if a mass is palpated, anomaly is suspected, bimanual exam cannot be completed, or if the condition is unresponsive to treatment.

     

    Question 2

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A 13-year-old Native American female has a body mass index (BMI) at the 90th percentile for age. The primary care nurse practitioner notes the presence of a hyperpigmented velvet-like rash in skin folds. The child denies polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. The nurse practitioner will take what action?

     

    Refer the child to a pediatric endocrinologist.

     

    Counsel the child to lose weight to prevent type 2 diabetes.

     

    Order a fasting blood sample for a metabolic screen for type 2 diabetes.

     

    Diagnose type 2 diabetes if the child has a random glucose of 180 mg/dL.

     

    CORRECT: C

    Order a fasting blood sample for a metabolic screen for type 2 diabetes.

    Chp 39–This child has three risk factors for type 2 diabetes: Native American ethnicity, overweight, and acanthosis nigricans. The PCP should perform metabolic screening on a fasting blood sample to diagnose this. Lifestyle changes may be necessary to control the disease if diagnosed, but this child may already have the disease, and management options aren’t clear until the diagnosis is made. Diagnosis is based on a random glucose >200 mg/dL. It is not necessary to refer this child until a diagnosis is made.

     

    GET EXAM HELP HERE

    Question 3

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A complete blood count on a 12-month-old infant reveals microcytic, hypochromic anemia with a hemoglobin of 9.5 g/dL. The infant has mild pallor with no hepatosplenomegaly. The primary care nurse practitioner suspects what disorder?

     

    Hereditary spherocytosis

     

    Lead intoxication

     

    Iron-deficiency anemia

     

    Sickle-cell anemia

     

    CORRECT: C

    Iron-deficiency anemia

    Chp 38–Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia in infants and children, accounting for approximately 90% of cases. It is characterized by decreased hemoglobin, with microcytic, hypochromic RBCs. Hereditary spherocytosis is characterized by pallor and jaundice with splenomegaly. Lead intoxication is accompanied by neurobehavioral problems. Sickle-cell anemia involves the presence of HgbS.

     

    Question 4

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    The parent of a 3-month-old reports that the infant arches and gags while feeding and spits up undigested formula frequently. The infant’s weight gain has dropped to the 5th percentile from the 12th percentile. What is the best course of treatment for this infant?

     

    Reassure the parent that these symptoms will likely resolve by 12 to 24 months.

     

    Begin a trial of extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for 2 to 4 weeks.

     

    Prescribe motility agent such as erythromycin

     

    Perform upper GI series to determine the degree of reflux.

     

    CORRECT: B

    Begin a trial of extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for 2 to 4 weeks.

    Chp 34–Formula-fed infants may be given a trial of a hydrolyzed protein formula to see if improvement occurs. A motility agent is not first line recommendation. Upper GI should be ordered only if anatomic abnormality or obstruction is suspected. The infant has warning signs of GERD that require further investigation and not just reassurance.

     

    Question 5

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A 30-month-old girl who has been toilet trained for 6 months has daytime enuresis and dysuria and a low-grade fever. A dipstick urinalysis is negative for leukocyte esterase and nitrites. What is the next step?

     

    Reassure the child’s parents that the child does not have a urinary tract infection.

     

    Begin empiric treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

     

    Send the urine to the lab for culture.

     

    Discuss behavioral interventions for toilet training.

     

    CORRECT: C

    Send the urine to the lab for culture.

    Chp 42–Females over age 24 months have a higher risk than males for UTI. This child is symptomatic, so her urine should be cultured even though the leukocyte esterase and nitrites are negative; urine in the bladder less than 4 hours may be tested as negative for leukocyte esterase. Empiric treatment may be initiated if the child had signs of sepsis. Behavioral interventions are not indicated – the child has dysuria and fever along with enuresis. Until the culture is found to be negative, it is not certain that the child does not have an UTI, and thus reassurance is not the correct action.

     

    Question 6 – NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A child is in the clinic after swallowing a metal bead. A radiograph of the GI tract shows a 3 mm cylindrical object in the child’s stomach. The child is able to swallow without difficulty and is not experiencing pain. What is the correct course of treatment?

     

    Refer the child for endoscopic removal of the object.

     

    Have the parents watch for the object in the child’s stool.

     

    Administer ipecac to induce vomiting.

     

    Insert a nasogastric tube to flush out the object.

     

    CORRECT: B

    Have the parents watch for the object in the child’s stool.

    Chp 34–A small foreign body that is not corrosive or sharp and that has reached the stomach is most likely to continue to pass through the GI tract and no intervention is necessary. Inducing vomiting increases the risk of aspiration of the FB. NG tube removal and endoscopy are not indicated unless the object has the potential to damage the GI tract; most objects that are not sharp or corrosive that have reached the abdomen will pass through without causing damage.

     

    Question 7

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    The parent of an infant experiencing colic asks about using a probiotic medication. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell this parent?

     

    Probiotics are not safe to use to treat infants who have colic.

     

    Some research suggests probiotics may be helpful to decrease fussiness but differences are noted among breastfed versus formula fed infants

     

    Probiotic medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating colic.

     

    There are no studies showing usefulness of probiotics to manage colic.

     

    CORRECT: B

    Some research suggests probiotics may be helpful to decrease fussiness but differences are noted among breastfed versus formula fed infants

    Chp 34–Some suggest specific strains of 
    Lactobacillus
     
    reuteri 
    may help relieve infantile colic. Probiotics may be used to decrease crying times and fussiness, with differences noted between infants who are exclusively breastfed and those who are not.

     

    Question 8

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A child has gross hematuria, abdominal pain, and arthralgia as well as a rash. What diagnosis is most likely?

     

    Systemic lupus erythematosus

     

    Sickle cell disease

     

    Rhabdomyosarcoma

     

    Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (formerly Henoch-Schönlein purpura)

     

    CORRECT: D

    Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (formerly Henoch-Schönlein purpura)

    Chp 42–IgAV (HSP) may presents with gross hematuria in the presence of abdominal pain with or without bloody stools, arthralgias, and a purpuric rash. Rhabdomyosarcoma is characterized by gross hematuria and voiding dysfunction. Sickle cell disease can cause gross hematuria but not always

     

    Question 9

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A child diagnosed with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (
    GABHS
    ) 2 weeks prior is in the clinic with periorbital edema, dyspnea, and elevated blood pressure. A urinalysis reveals tea-colored urine with hematuria and mild proteinuria. What will the primary care nurse practitioner do to manage this condition?

     

    Reassure the parents that this condition will resolve spontaneously.

     

    Refer the child to a pediatric nephrologist for hospitalization.

     

    Prescribe high-dose steroids in consultation with a nephrologist.

     

    Prescribe a 10- to 14-day course of high-dose amoxicillin.

     

    CORRECT: B

    Refer the child to a pediatric nephrologist for hospitalization.

    Chp 42–This child has symptoms of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and signs indicating a need for hospitalization: elevated BP, edema, and dyspnea. The PNP should refer the child to a nephrologist for hospital admission and care. Amoxicillin is not indicated; this condition is an immunologic response to GABHS and not an infection. Steroids are not effective in treating this disease. Although the condition usually does self-resolve, the child needs hospitalization for close monitoring and follow-up.

     

    Question 10

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A sexually active adolescent female tests positive for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. She tells the primary care nurse practitioner that she wants to be treated today since she is moving out of town the next day. What will the nurse practitioner order?

     

    Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM and doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 days

     

    Erythromycin base 500 mg PO qid for 7 days

     

    Azithromycin 1 g PO in a single dose

     

    Metronidazole 500 mg bid for 7 days

     

    CORRECT: A

    Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM and doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 7 days

    Chp 43–Providers should refer to current CDC guidelines for STI treatment. For co-infection with chlamydia and gonorrhea, doxycycline AND ceftriaxone are used. Previously, azithromycin was used to treat chlamydia but this is no longer recommended for concerns of anorectal infections not treated adequately with azithromycin. Metronidazole is used to treat trichomoniasis. Erythromycin is not recommended.

     

    NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key Question 11

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A family is traveling with their children outside of the United States and asks for recommendations on how to avoid parasite infections. What is the most appropriate response?

     

    Wash sheets in cold bottled water

     

    Only drink unpasteurized milk

     

    Wear shoes on potentially contaminated soil

     

    Wash all produce with tap water

     

    CORRECT: C

    Wear shoes on potentially contaminated soil

    Chp 34–Only pasteurized milk should be consulted. Tap water may be contaminated so bottle water is more often recommended. Wearing shoes on contaminated soil is recommended. Sheets should be washed in hot water with detergent.

     

    Question 12

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    An adolescent has a TB skin test prior to working as a volunteer in a hospital. The adolescent is healthy and has not traveled to or from a TB-endemic area or had close contact with anyone who has TB. The Mantoux skin test shows 10 mm of induration after 48 hours. What will the primary care nurse practitioner do?

     

    Order a chest radiograph to rule out active TB.

     

    Refer the adolescent to an infectious disease specialist.

     

    Reassure the adolescent that this is a negative screen.

     

    Ask the adolescent about exposure to homeless persons.

     

    CORRECT: C

    Reassure the adolescent that this is a negative screen.

    Chp 35–In children 4 years and older without risk factors, induration must be at least 15 mm or greater to be considered to be a positive screen. It is not necessary to question the adolescent about possible exposures. Chest radiographs are ordered to evaluate for active TB in persons with a positive screen. Referral to an infectious disease specialist is done if active TB is present.

     

    Question 13

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A 6-year-old female has had a recent growth spurt and an exam reveals breast and pubic hair development. Her bone age is determined to be 8 years. What will the primary care nurse practitioner do next?

     

    Refer the child to a pediatric endocrinologist for management.

     

    Order LH and FSH levels and a long-acting GnRH agonist.

     

    Order thyroid function tests to exclude primary hypothyroidism.

     

    Reassure the parent that this is most likely idiopathic.

     

    CORRECT: A

    Refer the child to a pediatric endocrinologist for management.

    Chp 39–Children with early puberty should always be referred to a pediatric endocrinologist for evaluation and management. The PNP may order lab work in consultation with an endocrinologist but should refer when this condition is suspected. Thyroid function tests are performed for isolated menarche. Reassuring the parent without completely diagnosing the condition is not indicated NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key.

     

    Question 14

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    An adolescent has right-sided flank pain without fever. A dipstick urinalysis reveals gross hematuria without signs of infection or bacteriuria, and the primary care nurse practitioner diagnoses possible nephrolithiasis. What is the initial treatment for this condition?

     

    Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

     

    Percutaneous removal of renal calculi

     

    Referral to a pediatric nephrologist

     

    Increasing fluid intake up to 2 L daily

     

    CORRECT: D

    Increasing fluid intake up to 2 L daily

    Chp 42–The first line of therapy for all stone types is increasing fluids. ESWL may be indicated if symptoms worsen and stones are not passed. Percutaneous removal of renal calculi and referral to nephrology may be indicated with worsening symptoms.

     

    Question 15

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    An adolescent is diagnosed with functional abdominal pain (FAP). The child’s symptoms worsen during stressful events, especially with school anxiety. What will be an important part of treatment for this child?

     

    Teaching about the brain-gut interaction causing symptoms

     

    Informing the parents that the pain is most likely not real

     

    Using histamine2-blockers to help alleviate symptoms

     

    Instituting a lactose-free diet along with lactobacillus supplements

     

    CORRECT: A

    Teaching about the brain-gut interaction causing symptoms

    Chp 34–This child has symptoms associated with stress, and treatment should be aimed at biobehavioral methods, beginning with teaching about the brain-gut interaction. Even though the pain is functional, it is real. Lactose-free diets and lactobacillus supplements may be used with documented lactose intolerance, although there is a lack of high-quality evidence of their effectiveness. H2-blockers should not be used unless dyspepsia is present.

     

    Question 16

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A preschool-age child is brought to clinic for evaluation of a rash. The primary care nurse practitioner notes an intense red eruption on the child’s cheeks and circumoral pallor. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parents about this rash?

     

    The child will need to stay home from school for at least one week

     

    This rash may be a prodromal sign of rubella or roseola.

     

    Expect a lacy, maculopapular rash to develop on the trunk and extremities.

     

    The child will need immunization boosters to prevent serious disease.

     

    CORRECT: C

    Expect a lacy, maculopapular rash to develop on the trunk and extremities.

    Chp 35–This “slapped cheek” rash is consistent with fifth disease, or erythema infectiosum, and will be followed by a lacy, maculopapular all-over rash. It is not a prodrome of rubella or roseola, and immunizations are not indicated. By the time the rash appears, the child is no longer contagious and can attend school/daycare.

     

    Question 17

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    A 2-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia (SCA) comes to the clinic with a cough and a fever of 101.5°C. The child currently takes penicillin V prophylaxis 125 mg orally twice daily. What will the primary care nurse practitioner do?

     

    Order a chest radiograph to rule out pneumonia.

     

    Give intravenous fluids and antibiotics in clinic.

     

    Admit the child to the hospital to evaluate for sepsis.

     

    Increase the penicillin V dose to 250 mg.

     

    CORRECT: C

    Admit the child to the hospital to evaluate for sepsis.

    Chp 38–Fever and pulmonary symptoms are two conditions warranting referral or emergency admission to the hospital to rule out sepsis and acute chest syndrome. Increasing the dose of penicillin V or giving IV antibiotics is not indicated.

     

    Question 18

    1 
    / 1
     pts

    The primary care nurse practitioner is performing a well-child examination on a 12-year-old child who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 9. The child had a lipid screen at age 10 with an LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL. What will the nurse practitioner recommend as part of ongoing management for this child?     Comprehensive ophthalmologic exam   Annual lipid profile evaluation   Hypothyroidism screening every 5 years   Total IgA   CORRECT: A Comprehensive ophthalmologic exam Chp 39–Children who have been diagnosed for 3 to 5 years and who are over age 10 should be referred for annual comprehensive ophthalmologic exams. This child had a previous normal lipid profile and needs to be evaluated every 5 years and not annually. IgA should be ordered soon after diagnosis. Hypothyroidism screening should be done annually.   NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key Question 19 1  / 1  pts A school-age child has a 3-month history of dull, aching epigastric pain that worsens with eating and awakens the child from sleep. A complete blood count shows a hemoglobin of 8 mg/dL. What is the next step in management?   Ordering an upper GI series   Referral for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)   Empiric therapy for  pylori (HP)   Ordering serum IgG titers   CORRECT: B Referral for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Chp 34–EGD is the procedure of choice in children for detecting PUD because it allows direct visualization of mucosa, localization of the source of bleeding, and collection of tissue specimens. Serum IgG titers may be useful but should not be the sole test used to start treatment or determine eradication. Empiric therapy for HP is not recommended due to increased antibiotic resistance. An upper GI series may have false negative findings.   Question 20 1  / 1  pts A child is diagnosed with Crohn disease. What are likely complications for this child?   Liver disease and sepsis   Cancer of the colon and possible colectomy   Intestinal perforation and hemorrhage   Intestinal obstruction with scarring and strictures   CORRECT: D Intestinal obstruction with scarring and strictures Chp 34–Intestinal obstruction with scarring and strictures are the major complications of CD. The other answers describe complications of ulcerative colitis. NRNP 6541 Week 9 Knowledge Check Quiz Answer Key   Quiz Score:  20 out of 20

  • Humanities 303 – Art Creation Reflection: Photography & Cinema

    Humanities 303 – Art Creation Reflection: Photography & Cinema

    Part 1: Art Creation

    Select a photograph or film art piece to use as a point of inspiration. Create an art piece of photography or cinematography inspired by your selected art piece. (See Attached Word Doc)

    Part 2: Reflection

    Write a reflection about the relationship between your art production and the inspiration piece. Include the following in the reflection paper:

    Introduction

    Inspiration Piece

    Include the inspiration photograph or cinematography within the document. Use a link in the case of cinematography.

    Record the title, artist/director, year, and place of origin.

    Briefly explain the background of the inspiration piece.

    Your Art Piece

    Include your original photograph within the document. If you selected cinematography, submit as a separate file in the Art Creation Submission (Recordings) area following this assignment.

    Provide a title.

    Explain the background of your piece.

    Connection

    Explain the thematic connection between the two pieces.

    How are they similar and different?

    Are they the same medium? How does the medium impact what the viewer experiences?

    For photography, how do the formal elements of design compare to one another?

    Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page, images, or references page)

    1-inch margins

    Double spaced

    12-point Times New Roman font

    Title page

    References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source)

     

    Humanities 303 – Art Creation Reflection: Photography & Cinema

    Inspiration Piece

    DETAILS

    Credit:

    Ron and Patty Thomas

    License type:

    Royalty-free

    Collection:

    Upload date:

    May 25, 2011

    American Flag glows in the sunset.

    Original Piece

    OBX Sunrise

    Background of the Pieces

    Piece 1
    : The first photograph captures the American flag flying proudly against a dramatic sunset. The sky is painted with vibrant hues of orange and pink, with wispy cirrus clouds adding texture and depth. The flag, illuminated by the fading sunlight, symbolizes patriotism and resilience, while the sunset evokes a sense of closure and hope. The image feels timeless, blending natural beauty with national pride.

    Piece 2
    : The second photograph features a fishing pier extending into the vast ocean, framed by the warm glow of a sunset. The horizon blends the ocean and sky seamlessly, creating a tranquil and reflective mood. The pier, a man-made structure, contrasts with the natural elements, symbolizing humanity’s connection to nature. The sunset adds a universal theme of endings and new beginnings, inviting contemplation Humanities 303 – Art Creation Reflection: Photography & Cinema.

    Thematic Connection

    Both photographs are united by the theme of transitions and the interplay between human presence and nature. The sunsets in both pieces symbolize endings and the promise of renewal, creating a reflective mood. The American flag in Piece 1 represents human ideals and identity, while the pier in Piece 2 reflects humanity’s interaction with the natural world. Together, they explore the balance between human constructs and the timeless beauty of nature, evoking a sense of hope and continuity amidst change.

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    Similarities and Differences

    The two photographs are similar in their use of sunset lighting to create a warm, evocative atmosphere. Both images capture a moment of transition—symbolized by the sunset—that invites reflection on themes of time, continuity, and human connection to the world. Additionally, each piece features a central subject (the flag and the pier) that contrasts with the natural backdrop, emphasizing the relationship between human constructs and nature Humanities 303 – Art Creation Reflection: Photography & Cinema. However, they differ in their focus: Piece 1 highlights national identity and pride through the American flag, while Piece 2 emphasizes a quieter, more introspective connection to nature through the fishing pier. The flag evokes a sense of collective belonging, whereas the pier suggests solitude and contemplation.

    Medium and Its Impact

    Both pieces are created using digital film photography, a medium that allows for precise control over light, color, and composition. This medium enhances the viewer’s experience by capturing the vivid, almost surreal beauty of the sunsets with striking clarity. The rich orange hues and intricate cloud textures in Piece 1, as well as the serene gradient of the ocean and sky in Piece 2, are rendered with a level of detail that immerses the viewer in the scene. Digital photography also enables the artist to emphasize contrasts—such as the sharpness of the flag against the soft clouds or the linear pier against the fluid ocean—creating a dynamic visual experience. The medium’s ability to freeze a fleeting moment in time amplifies the emotional impact, allowing the viewer to linger on the themes of transition and connection Humanities 303 – Art Creation Reflection: Photography & Cinema.

  • N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs

    N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs

    Nursing Education Theories and Strategies for Diverse Learners

    Growing student diversity and the need to equip students for multicultural clinical healthcare environments are transforming nursing education. Nursing education today must be diverse to produce culturally aware nurses who can work in many healthcare settings. Nursing education must be modified to meet the demands of foreign and adult learners from various socioeconomic classes. To train culturally competent nurses, nursing faculty must follow the National League for Nursing (NLN) Core Competencies for Nurse Educators (Fitzgerald et al., 2019). Self-assessment, creative learning environments, cross-cultural critical thinking, and inclusive assessment methods can help nursing educators better serve student diversity and prepare nurses for modern healthcare multicultural demands.

    Value of Self-Assessment and Cultural Preferences in Nursing Education

    Nursing education relies on self-assessment to help professors and students grow personally and professionally. Educational self-reflection improves teaching and helps instructors fulfill students’ needs. Continuous educator self-reflection helps detect personal biases so they can adapt teaching methods to student culture, improving learning results (Kaihlanen, Hietapakka, & Heponiemi, 2019). Self-assessment lets students actively evaluate their progress and find areas for improvement. The evaluation procedure enables nursing students to analyze their knowledge and improve their cultural competency in multicultural healthcare (Kinyon et al., 2021).

    Understanding cultural preferences impacts teaching practices. Teachers may construct engaging classes by considering student learning styles and cultural backgrounds. Leibold et al. (2022) found that cultural competency training improves nurses’ ability to care for different patients, improving patient satisfaction and outcomes. The approach stresses culturally sensitive education to reflect nursing students’ cultural beliefs.

    Reflective techniques benefit students and teachers by creating inclusive and esteem-building settings. Self-reflection helps educators improve their teaching techniques, according to NLN Core Competency 1. Reflection helps nursing students understand how culture affects their relationships with patients and classmates. Kaihlanen et al. (2019) found that students who self-assess cultural competency improve their interpersonal skills and cultural sensitivity in clinical settings N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs.

    Managing Teaching Challenges – Creative, Student-Centered Learning Environment for Diverse Learners

    Simulation-based learning is a crucial teaching tool for nursing students because it helps them improve clinical thinking, judgment skills, and cultural competence for working with varied populations (Kaihlanen et al., 2019). Standardized patient cases in traditional simulations provide homogenous scenarios that do not sufficiently mimic the many cultural aspects and sociocultural healthcare determinants that nurses encounter in real clinical work. To expose students to linguistic and religious cultural factors during clinical decision-making, educators should create credible simulation labs that provide realistic patient care scenarios.

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    Standardized patients, trained actors from several cultures, improve simulation efforts in emergency, primary, and community care. Medical students need to work together with interpreters to support an emergency department patient with low English proficiency and healthcare access while acknowledging their personal values about healthcare treatment during a vital period of care (Kinyon et al., 2021). Medical case scenarios also incorporate students caring for pregnant patients who restrict medical procedures based on faith and elderly immigrants who need adaptable healthcare techniques that respect their cultural background (Leibold et al., 2022).

    Using AR and VR technologies greatly helps students participate in genuine multicultural healthcare environments. The use of virtual reality-based simulations enables students to experience a virtual hospital of a different country thereby allowing them to observe healthcare practices unique to that culture and interact with patients from underrepresented groups for expanded global health knowledge (Billings & Halstead, 2020). These technology-based strategies promote student active learning through their preparedness for complicated cultural healthcare difficulties at both confident and competent levels.

    Students must do planned debriefing exercises after the simulation to optimize learning. Students must join guided peer and teacher conversations to evaluate their biases, communication, and decision-making in each immersive simulation (Leibold et al., 2022). The talks help students self-assess and develop cultural humility via professional growth, allowing them to deliver culturally responsive, equitable treatment in multicultural healthcare settings.

    Critical Thinking across Cultures

    The structured debate method encourages active learning, allowing students to critically evaluate healthcare issues from various cultural perspectives. Medical discussion sessions help students to hold varied ethical views while recognizing global healthcare system inequalities (Leibold et al., 2022). Students can debate when it is okay to ignore cultural beliefs about blood transfusions, organ donation, and end-of-life care. The analysis would compare universal and privatized healthcare systems’ resource distribution (Billings and Halstead, 2020). This method allows students to hone their reasoning, logic, and ethical judgment skills through thorough cultural examination of patient care. N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs Faculty members help students develop critical thinking and reflective skills by using Socratic questioning and requiring them to back up their arguments with evidence (Kinyon et al., 2021).

    Students now benefit from improved telehealth and digital learning technologies that make global nursing student collaborations more convenient because they can easily connect with healthcare professionals and peers who share different cultural backgrounds. The virtual exchange format allows students to deeply immerse themselves in cross-cultural learning through remote clinical evaluations, international case reviews, and global healthcare system analysis (Kaihlanen et al., 2019). US nursing students can study maternal healthcare disparities with peers from other developing nations by examining the effects of sociocultural attitudes, economic access limits, and healthcare delivery systems on patient results (Pool et al., 2019). Students can watch live telehealth sessions to learn how language differences and patient expectations with cultural beliefs affect medical communication (Leibold et al., 2022). More contact helps future medical professionals develop better adaptability, problem-solving, and communication skills to deal with complex cultural interactions in patient care.

    Students use ethnographic research to break theoretical barriers and interact with different patient groups. Students do little ethnographic research, interviewing members of different cultures about their healthcare views, sickness understanding, and traditional healing techniques (Kaihlanen et al., 2019). Students gather qualitative data and form teams to create culturally relevant nursing interventions that peers and professors assess. The study of indigenous healthcare practices enables a student to construct a patient education plan that utilizes evidence-based medical tools alongside traditional healing techniques for honoring cultural backgrounds and sustaining effective treatment results (Billings & Halstead, 2020). A research-based, student-directed teaching strategy fosters critical thinking, cultural humility, and inclusive, compassionate healthcare in many clinical settings (Fitzgerald et al., 2019).

    Nursing Education Standards for Diverse Learners

    NLN’s nursing education standards include many assessment methods to meet students’ learning needs. Student academic progression assessment and competence development for professional nursing practice requires practical assessment and evaluation methodologies per NLN Core Competence 3. Formative evaluation, peer judgment, and culture-specific evaluation tools help administrators evaluate student learning fairly and accurately (Kaihlanen et al., 2019). These methods allow merit-based evaluation of pupils from various backgrounds.

    Since sociocultural factors, language disparities, and education affect student performance, the evaluation procedure must be fair in diverse classrooms. Multiple evaluation techniques allow instructors to identify student strengths and weaknesses because they meet unique learning needs. Constructive, culturally sensitive criticism makes nursing students successful regardless of background (Leibold et al., 2022).

    Academic vigor and fairness demand direct attention to student challenges. International students find language learning challenging. Students may overcome language hurdles using supplemental linguistic resources, visual aids, and material adaptations to ensure equal learning. These teaching methods meet NLN core competence 2 by creating learning places that allow all students to socialize with nurses.

    Conclusion

    Assessing oneself, constructing inviting learning environments, building analytical abilities, and establishing unbiased evaluation procedures are essential to educating diverse nursing students. Nurse educators who use these methods will teach students clinical competence in varied healthcare settings and meet NLN Core Competencies. N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs Educators must renew their commitment to personal growth to meet the changing needs of students in nursing education.

    References

    Billings, D. M., & Halstead, J. A. (2020).
    Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty
    (6th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

    Fitzgerald, A., McNelis, A. M., & Billings, D. M. (2019). NLN Core competencies for nurse Educators: Are they present in the course descriptions of academic nurse educator programs? Nursing Education Perspectives, 41(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000530

    Kaihlanen, A., Hietapakka, L., & Heponiemi, T. (2019). Increasing cultural awareness: qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions about cultural competence training.
    BMC Nursing, 18
    (1), 1-7.
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0363-x

    Kinyon, K., D’Alton, S., Poston, K., & Navarrete, S. (2021). Improving physical assessment and clinical judgment skills without increasing content in a prelicensure nursing health assessment course.
    Nursing Reports, 11
    (3), 600–607.
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11030057

    Leibold, N., Schwarz, L. M., & Gordon, D. (2022). Culturally responsive teaching in nursing education: A faculty development project.
    Creative Nursing, 28
    (3), 154–160.
    https://doi.org/10.1891/cn-2021-0044

    National League for Nursing (2012).
    The scope of practice for academic nurse educators, 2012 revision.

    Pool, L., Day, L., & Ridley, S. (2019). Mountain climbing: The journey for students with English as an additional language in a concept-based nursing curriculum.
    Whitireia Nursing and Health Journal, 26
    , 28–36.

     

     

    N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs

    N532 Activity 1

    Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs

    In this activity you will build your understanding of theories and strategies for meeting the learning needs of diverse learners. You will learn about cognitive and affective development of students and create a development plan to stay current in meeting the NLN Core Competencies, meeting needs of diverse learners.

    Instructions

    Examine the value of educator and learner self-assessment of learning and cultural preferences as it relates to nursing education.

    Describe three examples of how you will design a creative learning environment to promote student centered learning with a highly diverse student population.

    Create three methods to develop critical thinking across cultures among your learners.

    Analyze your approach to ensure the standards in nursing education are met among diverse learners.

    Readings & Resources

    Chapter 2 Strategies to Support Diverse Learning Needs of Students (pp. 24-33), Chapter 12 Service Learning: Developing Values, Cultural Competence, and Social Responsibility, and Chapter 14 Theoretical Foundations of Teaching and Learning in Billings, D. M., & Halstead, J. A. (2020). 
    Teaching in nursing: A guide for facult
    y (6th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

    Read the following articles in the Virtual Library: 

    The Core Competencies for Nurse Educators with Task Statements in your Billings and Halstead textbook beginning on page 10: Box 1-1 National League for Nursing Nurse Educator Competencies (2012)

    Pool, L., Day, L., & Ridley, S. (2019). Mountain climbing: The journey for students with English as an additional language in a concept-based nursing curriculum. 
    Nursing & Health Journal
    , (26), 28-36.

    Kinyon, K., D’Alton, S., Poston, K., & Navarrete, S. (2021). Improving physical assessment and clinical judgment skills without increasing content in a prelicensure nursing health assessment course. 
    Nursing Reports, 11
    (3), 600-607.

     

     

     

     

    Textbook: Theoretical Foundations of Teaching and Learning in Billings, D. M., & Halstead, J. A. (2020). 
    Teaching in nursing: A guide for facult
    y (6th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. —please reference this and the box below.

    As listed for sources.

    Box 1.1

    National League for Nursing Core Competencies of Nurse Educators

    Competency 1: Facilitate learning

    To facilitate learning effectively, the nurse educator:

    ■ Implements a variety of teaching strategies appropriate to learner needs, desired learner outcomes, content, and context

    ■ Grounds teaching strategies in educational theory and evidence-based teaching practices

    ■ Recognizes multicultural, gender, and experiential influences on teaching and learning

    ■ Engages in self-reflection and continued learning to improve teaching practices that facilitate learning

    ■ Uses information technologies skillfully to support the teaching–learning process

    ■ Practices skilled oral, written, and electronic communication that reflects an awareness of self and others, along with an ability to convey ideas in a variety of contexts

    ■ Models critical and reflective thinking

    ■ Creates opportunities for learners to develop their critical thinking and critical reasoning skills

    ■ Shows enthusiasm for teaching, learning, and nursing that inspires and motivates students

    ■ Demonstrates interest in and respect for learners

    ■ Uses personal attributes (e.g., caring, confidence, patience, integrity, and flexibility) that facilitate learning

    ■ Develops collegial working relationships with students, faculty colleagues, and clinical agency personnel to promote positive learning environments

    ■ Maintains the professional practice knowledge base needed to help prepare learners for contemporary nursing practice

    N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs

    ■ Serves as a role model of professional nursing

     

    Competency 2: Facilitate learner development and socialization

    To facilitate learner development and socialization effectively, the nurse educator:

    ■ Identifies individual learning styles and unique learning needs of international, adult, multicultural, educationally disadvantaged, physically challenged, at-risk, and second-degree learners

    ■ Provides resources to diverse learners that help meet their individual learning needs

    ■ Engages in effective advisement and counseling strategies that help learners meet their professional goals

    ■ Creates learning environments that are focused on socialization to the role of the nurse and facilitate learners’ self-reflection and personal goal setting

    ■ Fosters the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective development of learners

    ■ Recognizes the influence of teaching styles and interpersonal interactions on learner outcomes

    ■ Assists learners to develop the ability to engage in thoughtful and constructive self and peer evaluation

    ■ Models professional behaviors for learners, including, but not limited to, involvement in professional organizations, engagement in lifelong learning activities, dissemination of information through publications and presentations, and advocacy

     

    Competency 3: Use assessment and evaluation strategies

    To use assessment and evaluation strategies effectively, the nurse educator:

    ■ Uses extant literature to develop evidence-based assessment and evaluation practices

    ■ Uses a variety of strategies to assess and evaluate learning in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains

    ■ Implements evidence-based assessment and evaluation strategies that are appropriate to the learner and to learning goals

    ■ Uses assessment and evaluation data to enhance the teaching–learning process

    ■ Provides timely, constructive, and thoughtful feedback to learners

    ■ Demonstrates skill in the design and use of tools for assessing clinical practice

     

    Competency 4: Participate in curriculum design and evaluation of program outcomes

    To participate effectively in curriculum design and evaluation of program outcomes, the nurse educator:

    ■ Ensures the curriculum reflects the institutional philosophy and mission, current nursing and health care trends, and community and societal needs, so as to prepare graduates for practice in a complex, dynamic, multicultural health care environment

    ■ Demonstrates knowledge of curriculum development, including identifying program outcomes, developing competency statements, writing learning objectives, and selecting appropriate learning activities and evaluation strategies

    ■ Bases curriculum design and implementation decisions on sound educational principles, theory, and research

    ■ Revises the curriculum based on assessment of program outcomes, learner needs, and societal and health care trends

    ■ Implements curricular revisions using appropriate change theories and strategies

    ■ Creates and maintains community and clinical partnerships that support educational goals

    ■ Collaborates with external constituencies throughout the process of curriculum revision

    ■ Designs and implements program assessment models that promote continuous quality improvement of all aspects of the program

     

    Competency 5: Function as a change agent and leader

    To function effectively as a change agent and leader, the nurse educator:

    ■ Models cultural sensitivity when advocating for change

    ■ Integrates a long-term, innovative, and creative perspective into the nurse educator role

    ■ Participates in interdisciplinary efforts to address health care and educational needs regionally, nationally, or internationally

    ■ Evaluates organizational effectiveness in nursing education

    ■ Implements strategies for organizational change

    ■ Provides leadership in the parent institution and in the nursing program to enhance the visibility of nursing and its contributions to the academic community

    ■ Promotes innovative practices in educational environments

    ■ Develops leadership skills to shape and implement change

     

    Competency 6: Pursue continuous quality improvement in the nurse educator role

    To develop the educator role effectively, the nurse educator:

    ■ Demonstrates commitment to lifelong learning

    ■ Recognizes that career enhancement needs and activities change as experience is gained in the role

    ■ Participates in professional development opportunities that increase one’s effectiveness in the role

    ■ Balances the teaching, scholarship, and service demands inherent in the role of educator and member of an academic institution

    ■ Uses feedback gained from self, peer, student, and administrative evaluation to improve role effectiveness

    ■ Engages in activities that promote one’s socialization to the role N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs

    ■ Uses knowledge of the legal and ethical issues relevant to higher education and nursing education as a basis for influencing, designing, and implementing policies and procedures related to students, faculty, and the educational environment

    ■ Mentors and supports faculty colleagues

     

    Competency 7: Engage in scholarship

    To engage effectively in scholarship, the nurse educator:

    ■ Draws on extant literature to design evidence-based teaching and evaluation practices

    ■ Exhibits a spirit of inquiry about teaching and learning, student development, evaluation methods, and other aspects of the role

    ■ Designs and implements scholarly activities in an established area of expertise

    ■ Disseminates nursing and teaching knowledge to a variety of audiences through various means

    ■ Demonstrates skill in proposal writing for initiatives that include, but are not limited to, research, resource acquisition, program development, and policy development

    ■ Demonstrates the qualities of a scholar: integrity, courage, perseverance, vitality, and creativity

     

    Competency 8: Function within the educational environment

    To function as a good “citizen of the academy,” the nurse educator:

    ■ Uses knowledge of history and current trends and issues in higher education as a basis for making recommendations and decisions on educational issues

    ■ Identifies how social, economic, political, and institutional forces influence higher education in general and nursing education in particular

    ■ Develops networks, collaborations, and partnerships to enhance nursing’s influence within the academic community

    ■ Determines one’s own professional goals within the context of academic nursing and the mission of the parent institution and nursing program

    ■ Integrates the values of respect, collegiality, professionalism, and caring to build an organizational climate that fosters the development of students and teachers

    ■ Incorporates the goals of the nursing program and the mission of the parent institution when proposing a change or managing issues

    ■ Assumes a leadership role in various levels of institutional governance

    ■ Advocates for nursing and nursing education in the political arena

    From National League for Nursing. (2012). The scope of practice for academic nurse educators, 2012 revision. New York, NY: National League for Nursing. Included with the permission of the National League for Nursing, Washington, DC. N532 A1 Theories and Strategies to Meet Diverse Learner Needs

  • PVD Case Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) Essay

    New Learning: What is something new you learned about peripheral vascular disease that you did not know before researching this case?

    PVD Case Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) Essay

    PVD Case

    Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) emerges as a significant illness that affects the blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen and also eliminate wastes from across the body. The major issue that is brought about by the disease is the development of plaque, which is made of cholesterol and fat and blocks and slows down the blood flow inside the veins and arteries. Smokers and persons with diabetes are at an increased rate of suffering from this condition since these risk factors bring about impaired blood flow (Grant et al., 2023).

    The new learning about peripheral vascular disease is that it tends to affect the arteries that are away from the heart. This is a unique thing I have learned about the disease since I used to think that the condition affects the arteries close to the heart, which is the case with most other related conditions. This is because; the issue of atherosclerosis mostly affects blood circulation from other parts of the body apart from the heart and the brain. The most affected parts are the legs.  It is also worth noting that the disease affects males more than females. This was a new learning and this is because most of the smokers are men hence the issue with this condition (Yamane et al., 2022). The prevalence of this condition among men also causes erectile dysfunction.

    Importantly, it is crucial to highlight the unique thing about this condition since it can be controlled via multiple ways including lifestyle changes, surgical processes, or medications (Yamane et al., 2022). It is also, worth noting that this condition is a lifelong problem and can be best controlled through changes to lifestyle including healthy eating and exercise PVD Case Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) Essay.

    References

    Grant, C., Cuddeback, J. K., Alabi, O., Hicks, C. W., Sadik, K., & Ciemins, E. L. (2023). Perspectives on Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Qualitative Study of Early Diagnosis and Treatment and the Impact of Health Disparities. 
    Population health management
    , 
    26
    (6), 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2023.0095

    Yamane, H., Ueda, Y., Ikeoka, K., & Kosugi, S. (2022). Case report of a peripheral artery disease patient with its etiology clarified by retrograde angioscopy. 
    European Heart Journal. Case reports
    , 
    6
    (10), ytac393.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytac393

  • Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

    Global Health Comparison

    Grid Template

    Global Health Comparison Grid Template

     

    Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment
    Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

     

    Diabetes is a major global health issue that affects millions worldwide which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization identifies diabetes as a priority because of its impact on healthcare systems and economies. Both the
    United States and Canada
    have implemented specific policies to manage diabetes yet their healthcare systems differ based on cost, access and quality. The aim of this paper is to compare diabetes policies between these two countries, analyze strengths and weaknesses as well as discuss their implications for nursing practice and local healthcare policies.

     

    Global Healthcare Issue

     

    Diabetes

    Description

     

     

     

    Country

    United States

     

    Canada

    Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue

    The U.S. follows The National Diabetes Prevention Program as well as Medicare’s Diabetes Prevention Program (Ritchie, Baucom & Sauder, 2020). The CDC provide guidelines, while the ADA offers clinical recommendations. The Affordable Care Act has also expanded coverage for preventive diabetes services.

     

     

    Canada has the Diabetes 360° strategy proposed by Diabetes Canada that advocates for a national diabetes framework ( Redquest et al., 2020). The Canada Health Act ensures universal healthcare, covering diabetes treatment, medication and also preventive services.

    What are the strengths of this policy?

     The policies provides for large-scale diabetes prevention programs, advanced research as well as technology integration with private insurance coverage for newer treatments.

     

     

    1.     Universal healthcare helps in covering most diabetes-related costs.

    2.     There are strong public health initiatives.

    3.     There is coordinated national approach.

    What are the weaknesses of this policy?

    1.     High out-of-pocket costs

    2.     Unequal access due to private insurance dependency

    3.     lack of universal coverage.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    1.     Longer wait times for specialist care

    2.      Fewer diabetes-related clinical trials than the U.S.

    Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)

     

    Lower-income and uninsured individuals struggle with diabetes management due to high costs of insulin and care. Racial and ethnic minorities face disparities in healthcare access ( Le et al., 2023) Food deserts and lack of healthy food options contribute to diabetes prevalence.

    Indigenous populations experience higher diabetes rates due to historical marginalization and healthcare barriers. Also, rural communities face access issues and lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity.

    How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?

     The U.S has advanced technology and research drive innovation in diabetes treatment which has helped in the management of the condition. Also, the U.S has insurance-dependent access which creates disparities for uninsured populations.

     

     

     

    In Canada, there is universal access to diabetes management but rural areas face provider shortages.

    How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)

    The U.S. research and pharmaceutical innovation influence global diabetes treatment. However, high costs limit accessibility for lower-income patients.

     

     

     

     

     

    Canada’s universal approach serves as a model for equitable diabetes care. Diabetes 360° aligns with WHO strategies which influences policies in other nations seeking universal healthcare solutions.

    Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.

    The nurses in U.S. focus on patient education, advocating for affordable treatment and assisting patients with insurance navigation.

     

     

     

     

     

    Canadian nurses provide comprehensive diabetes management under universal healthcare.

    Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)

     

    U.S. hospitals and clinics implement diabetes management programs, but affordability remains a challenge.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Canadian healthcare facilities prioritize diabetes education and prevention programs.

    General Notes/Comments

     

    While diabetes management has been effectively addressed in the united states’, many patients still struggle with the condition due to issues such as affordability and access.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Similar to the united states, Canadian patients face with issues such as access and affordability to diabetes treatment.

     

     

    References

     

    Le, P., Bui, T. C., Abramowitz, J., Herman, W. H., Misra-Hebert, A. D., & Rothberg, M. B. (2023). Trends in Use of High-Cost Antihyperglycemic Drugs Among US Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 38(1), 49-56.

     

    Redquest, B., Ahmed, S., Balogh, R., & Lunsky, Y. (2020). Preventing and treating diabetes in Canadian adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 44(2), 205-210.

     

    Ritchie, N. D., Baucom, K. J., & Sauder, K. A. (2020). Current perspectives on the impact of the National Diabetes Prevention Program: building on successes and overcoming challenges. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity, 2949-2957.

     

    To Prepare:

    Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.

    Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.

    Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.

    Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.

    The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

    Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

    Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

    Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.

    Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.

    Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.

    Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.

    Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.

    Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.

    Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.

    Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

    Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.

    In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

    Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.

    Assignment document should include:

    Title page

    Introductory paragraph

    Global health comparison matrix

    Plan for social change

    Conclusion

    References

  • population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe (PICOT) question Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings PowerPoint

    population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe (PICOT) question Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings PowerPoint

    Using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe (PICOT) question developed in Week 2 and the research study you selected for the Week 3 or Week 4 discussion, select a method to plan the dissemination of research findings through a PowerPoint. This assignment encompasses the planning for dissemination through the completion of the selected template but does not require an oral presentation. (Template Uploaded)

    -Answer each question in your own words on the selected Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings template.

    -Do not copy and paste information from the research study into the template.

    -Correctly cite and reference the research study when paraphrasing it to answer questions on the Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings template.

    -Follow rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation consistent with formal, scientific writing.

    **Article Link attached at bottom of Quantitative Research Essay**

    Section 1: PICOT Question

    Explain the clinical nursing practice problem you selected in Week 2.

    State the PICOT question you developed.

    Discuss the search strategy used to find research evidence.

    Section 2: Research Evidence Design

    Introduce your selected research study and discuss how it supports the PICOT question.

    Explain the research design and methodology used in the study.

    Discuss the participants, data collection methods, and data analysis.

    Section 3: Research Evidence Results and Discussion

    Explain the research results.

    Display the results using a visual aid such as a graph, chart, or table.

    Discuss how the results from this study answer the PICOT question.

    Section 4: Critique of Evidence

    Discuss your overall critique of the evidence.

    What were the strengths of the study?

    What were the weaknesses or limitations of the study?

    Section 5: Application to Practice

    Explain how the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge.

    Discuss any potential challenges or barriers to implementing these findings.

    Propose recommendations for integrating the evidence into clinical practice.

     

    population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe (PICOT) question Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings PowerPoint

    Directions:

    1.Using the PICOT question developed in Week 2 and the research study you selected for the Week 3 or Week 4 discussion, complete each section of the Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings PowerPoint template.

    2.This assignment encompasses the completion of the template but does not require an oral presentation.

    3.Click into the box to the right to add your name and date.

    4.Click on the next slide.

    5.Find and click the word Notes at the bottom right of your PowerPoint screen.

    6.On each side, in the Notes section, add speaker notes by answering each section with explanation and detail.

    7.On the PowerPoint slide, click where it says [TYPE HERE], remove the words [TYPE HERE], and provide the key information for each section.

    8.The PowerPoint slides should contain highlighted information from the speaker notes.

     

    population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe (PICOT) question Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings PowerPoint

    PICOT Question

    Selected clinical nursing practice problem

    The Efficacy of CGM on glycemic control and diabetes management

    PICOT question

    In adults with uncontrolled diabetes (P), how does the implementation of a CGM (I) compared to the standard of care related to measuring blood sugar (C) affect glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c levels (O) over a 6-month period (T)?

    Search strategy used to find research evidence.
    Selecting the specific search terms

    Using Boolean operators

    Using subject headings

    Using keywords

    The selected clinical practice problem was about the efficacy of using CGM on glycemic control and in managing diabetes patients. The PICOT question was perfectly established in evaluating the use of CGM in measuring blood sugar over a period of 6 months. The search strategy that helped in coming up with the right articles for the study included identifying the exact phrases and trams from the PICOT question. In addition, the use of Boolean operators including ‘AND’, and ‘OR’ was effective in connecting important keywords into meaningful search terms.

     

    Research Evidence Design

    Research the study

    The importance of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in managing diabetes mellitus

    Design and methodology

    The study used retrospective study design

    The target of this analysis was to assess the clients’ insulin regimens

    25 participants were used in this study

    PLACE YOUR ORDER HERE

    P
    articipants
    , data collection methods, and data analysis.

    The data was collected using the: Clinic’s electronic health records

    Real-time Dexocom clarity database

    The patient with an Android and iPhone were given a share code

    Patients without smartphones, the data was retrieved from the clinical records

    The research study aims to explore the importance of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in managing diabetes mellitus. The study used retrospective study design. The study design used patients who were using the CGM systems and examined them every month. The study used a cohort of 25 patients with uncontrolled diabetes receiving treatment at the clinic. The target of this analysis was to assess the clients’ insulin regimens that were adjusted with regard to rea-time blood glucose readings. The data was collected using the clinic’s electronic health records and the real-time Dexocom clarity database. The patient with an Android and iPhone were given a share code that helped in tracking their blood glucose. For patients without smartphones, the data was retrieved from the clinical records.

    Research Evidence Results and Discussion

    Research results.

    Results show SMBG to CGM devices brought about improved glycemic control Before CGM, the levels of HbAIc were 11.21%

    7.04% while using CGM.

    Findings about glycemic control rates while using SMBG and CGM

    SMBG

    11.21%

    CGM

    7.04%

    Results to PICOT question

    Positive impacts of using CGM devices towards enhancing glycemic Improved outcomes for patients with diabetes

    Results show that the change from SMBG to CGM devices brought about improved glycemic control. For example, before the use of CGM, the levels of HbAIc were at 11.21% which drastically improved to about 7.04% while using CGM. The results highlight and answer the PICOT question since there were positive impacts of using CGM devices towards enhancing glycemic control hence its importance on improving the outcomes for patients with diabetes over the six months period.

     

    Critique of Evidence

    Critique of the evidence

    The evidence can be generalized to other clinical practices The outcomes show the need for CGM to decide on monitoring blood sugar levels

    The importance of smartphones and digital technologies health

    Strengths of the study

    Patients during this study were able to eliminate their reliance on insulin therapy

    Limitations of the study

    Lacked a control group

    Limited sample size

    Short duration for the follow-up

    The evidence provided across the study is credible and valid and can be generalized to other clinical practices. The outcomes were significant and brought to light the need for CGM to decide on monitoring blood sugar levels over traditional methods. The importance of smartphones and digital technologies are becoming an important tool in helping improve the outcomes of patients suffering from diabetes. The strengths of the study included the fact that three patients during this study were able to eliminate their reliance on insulin therapy. The outcome of the study also brings into focuses the importance of CGM in controlling blood sugar levels. The limitations of this study are that it lacked a control group, had a limited sample size and also there was only a short duration for the follow-up.

    Application to Practice

    Study contributes to the existing body of knowledge

    Highlights the efficacy of CGM on glycemic control Real-world application to clinical practices

    Challenges to implementing these findings

    Difficult to generalize of the results

    Disadvantage to persons without smartphones

    R
    ecommendations

    Need for better training and education of clinicians and the patients

    The findings of this study perfectly add to the assisting body of knowledge by highlighting the efficacy of CGM in capitalizing on glycemic control and its usefulness in the real world across every clinical practice. The barriers to this study that might affect its implementation is the generalizable of the results to patients suffering from diabetes with regard to age, gender, and socioeconomic status. This is because, in most instances, persons without smartphones and advanced technologies might be disadvantaged during implementation. There is a need for better training and education of both the clinicians and the patients suffering from diabetes about the importance of CGM in improving the overall outcomes and its ability to control the blood glucose levels.

     

    Reference

    Manov, A. E., Chauhan, S., Dhillon, G., Dhaliwal, A., Antonio, S., Donepudi, A., Jalal, Y. N., Nazha, J., Banal, M., & House, J. (2023). The effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring devices in managing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study. 
    Cureus
    .
    https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42545

     

    population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe (PICOT) question Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings PowerPoint

    The PICOT question developed to answer the clinical inquiry on the efficacy of CGM on glycemic control and diabetes management is; In adults with uncontrolled diabetes (P), how does the implementation of a CGM (I) compared to the standard of care related to measuring blood sugar (C) affect glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c levels (O) over a 6-month period (T)?

    A quantitative study by was identified to help address the PICOT question.  The article “The Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices in Managing Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus” aims to evaluate the effect of CGM in diabetes management by evaluating for differences in glycemic control levels such as (HbA1c) levels, and glucose level (Manov et al., 2023). The study is quantitative as it utilized a retrospective study design where numerical data will be analyzed in establishing the effectiveness of CGM through improvement in glycemic level and related health outcomes.  “Quantitative evidence provides statistical data that can be used to inform nursing practice, proving the effectiveness of nursing interventions.” (Chamberlain, 2025)

    The researchers used the retrospective cohort study method, investigating electronic health records of patients who applied continuous glucose monitoring devices. The data was extracted from medical charts, with special attention to glycemic control indicators such as HbA1c (Manov et al., 2023). This approach is sufficient in assessing the efficiency of CGM devices since it makes it possible to analyze previously obtained data. The sample consisted of adults with uncontrolled diabetes; this is appropriate given the objective of the study-that is, investigating the impact of CGM on this very population.  One thing that would be interesting to explore would be to differentiate Type 1 & Type 2.  There isn’t a ton of available research on the efficacy of CGM with patients with Type 2.

    This study demonstrated that CGM significantly improved glycemic control, as reflected by lower HbA1c levels and more stable glucose readings compared to self-monitoring. The findings established with the research is important in nursing as it demonstrates the effect of these devices in diabetes management (Manov et al., 2023). This has the potential to improve patient outcomes and decrease complications associated with diabetes. Nurses can incorporate the use of CGM when developing care plans to better manage the disease. Recommendation is to have studies that are larger, with more diverse groups, longer follow-up, and evaluation of cost-effectiveness.

     

    References

    Chamberlain University College of Nursing. (2025) 
    NR-439
     
    Week 4: Quantitative Research [
    Online lesson]. (n.d.). 
    https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/164135/pages/week-4-quantitative-research?module_item_id=23440921

    Manov, A. E., Chauhan, S., Dhillon, G., Dhaliwal, A., Antonio, S., Donepudi, A., Jalal, Y. N., Nazha, J., Banal, M., & House, J. (2023). The effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring devices in managing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study. 
    Cureus
    .
    https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42545

    population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe (PICOT) question Planning for the Dissemination of Research Findings PowerPoint

  • Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing

    Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing

    Disclaimer:

    These results are not a definitive assessment of your automatic associations. The results may be influenced by variables related to the test (e.g., the category labels or particular items used to represent the categories on the ST-IAT) or the person (e.g., how tired you are). The results are provided for educational purposes only.

    How Does The ST-IAT Work?

    The ST-IAT measures the strength of associations between concepts (e.g., an individual from the Roskipps group) and attributes (e.g., Plesant, Unpleasant). The main idea is that making a response is easier when closely related items share the same response key. We would say that one has an implicit association of an individual group member and Plesant if they are faster to categorize words when the individual group member and Plesant share a response key relative to when the individual group member and Unpleasant share a response key. Any single ST-IAT is unlikely to predict behavior well for a specific individual. In the aggregate, the IAT can predict behavior such as discrimination in hiring and promotion, medical treatment, and decisions related to criminal justice.

     

    What Was This Study About?

    In this study, we told you about two fictitious social groups. We tested whether the information that we provided you about the typical behaviors of each group member would influence your implicit associations formed about these group members. There is some evidence that even very little information can influence people’s implicit associations. We are testing whether that is indeed the case.

     

    Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing

    (STRATEGY CHOSEN FOR #2: Deploy specific strategies to address the multiple determinants of health on which health care organization can have a direct impact)

    Part 1. Self-awareness assignment. Follow this link to the Implicit-bias test. (RESULTS ATTACHED)

    https://www.americanbar.org/groups/litigation/initiatives/task-force-implicit-bias/implicit-bias-test/Links to an external site.

    Registration is free. Select the test called Implicit Association Test (IAT) and on the page that opens, click the link PROJECT IMPLICIT SOCIAL ATTITUDES. This is a collaborative research effort between Harvard, Univ of VA, and the Univ of WA. Upon completion of Part 1, write a short (half page) summary of your reaction to the results of the test and how they could impact your practice as an APRN (25 points) then move on to Part 2.

    Part 2. After completing the assigned reading for this week (IHI White Paper: Achieving Health Equity) go to pages 32-36. Complete the assessment tool on your work place, or if not currently working, on a past workplace, preferably a healthcare organization of some kind. If you have never worked in a healthcare system, contact your instructor for suggestions. Fill in the columns depending on where your organization is at with interventions to meet that domain (ie Level 2? Level 4?) and also answer the questions that are in the framework tool. Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing Once you complete the assessment, select at least ONE deficient domain/subdomain that you identified from within the assessment tool (see domains below) and describe a strategy you would implement to improve that domain. For example, if you selected the domain “Deploy Specific Strategies to Address the Multiple Determinants of Health on Which Health Care Organizations Can Have a Direct Impact”, you would then select a sub-domain, such as “Healthy Behaviors” and describe strategies you and a team of co-workers could implement to improve progress in that subdomain. (75 points)

    Make health equity a strategic priority

    Develop structures and processes to support health equity work

    Deploy specific strategies to address the multiple determinants of health on which health care organization can have a direct impact

    Decrease institutional racism within the organization

    Develop partnerships with community organizations to improve health and equity

     

    Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing

    Achieving Health Equity: A Comprehensive Approach for Health Care Organizations

    Healthcare organizations need to tackle health equity because they must provide equal and fair healthcare service access to every individual. The document presents survey results from an implicit bias test and facility assessment data from a military healthcare organization alongside recommendations for developing a particular weak domain.

    Part 1: Reflection on Implicit Bias Test Results

    Through the Implicit Association Test (IAT), people can discover their unconscious biases because it examines the strength of the relationship between ideas and characteristics. The Implicit Association Test demonstrated implicit social group preferences in this research study. The test results provide important information about unconscious biases that affect professional decisions, even though they do not establish definitive proof. The unexpected outcomes from the test led me to question my own beliefs about social groups. Healthcare professionals need to understand their unconscious biases because these biases create potential negative effects on patient care treatment choices and clinical practice delivery.

    Healthcare delivery shows systematic inequalities because implicit biases affect how healthcare professionals treat minority patients. The research demonstrates that healthcare providers who possess implicit biases deliver unequal medical care to minority patients, which leads to inferior health results (Green et al., 2007). APRNs must recognize and address these biases to provide equitable care because they work in their role as Advanced Practice Registered Nurses. Better health outcomes emerge from patient trust, which develops when healthcare providers become more culturally competent because of their awareness. The Implicit Association Test enables healthcare providers to become more self-aware about their biases, which allows them to regularly assess and reduce these biases to create an inclusive healthcare setting.

    ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

    Part 2: Health Equity Assessment and Improvement Strategy

    The evaluation of a military healthcare facility used the IHI Health Equity Self-Assessment Tool to analyze five critical elements, which included making health equity strategic, developing organizational systems for health equity work, deploying targeted health determinants strategies while reducing institutional racism, and building community partnerships. The assessment underlined the necessity of improvement within specific strategy deployment aimed at handling multiple health determinants.

    The facility maintains a Level 2 rating in the “Healthy Behaviors” sub-domain under this domain because it operates with few programs to support healthy conduct among employees and the community. The upcoming strategy will enhance this sub-domain through the development of a culture of health and well-being.

    Health promotion programs require the facility to build full-scale wellness initiatives that serve employees and residents. The facility should offer wellness workshops, fitness challenges, and healthy lifestyle seminars as part of its wellness programs. Last year, Baicker et al. (2010) demonstrated through their research that workplace wellness programs delivered solid outcomes in employee health transformation alongside healthcare cost reduction. The facility creates a health-oriented supportive environment through the active promotion of these programs.

    The facility should establish partnerships with organizations in the community to implement this strategy. Health organizations within the local area enable organizations to work together on initiatives that enhance health behaviors. Health fairs, nutrition education, and physical activity campaigns, alongside other community partnerships, represent successful efforts that improve the health of residents within the community. The facility benefits from partnerships that build its reputation while developing trust among its surrounding community members.

    Additional incentives aimed at employees will help them adopt healthier behaviors. Employees will be more likely to embrace healthier behaviors when the facility provides discounts for gym memberships and healthy eating vouchers along with wellness days. Success studies show that wellness programs with incentives enhance employee participation in health activities and achieve better health results (Horstmann, 2018). The facility can build both a wellness culture and better employee satisfaction and retention rates through health-focused rewards for its staff members.

    Health screenings that happen regularly help people discover medical problems before they become severe, which enables them to prevent health challenges from worsening. Through scheduled health screening programs, both employees and community members can find early health risks so that appropriate interventions can be provided. Health screenings that happen before diseases develop have proven effective at improving medical outcomes while minimizing healthcare expenses because they allow doctors to detect illnesses when they are simpler to treat (Brennan et al., 2014). The facility enhances population health through its focus on preventive care because it maintains long-term wellness benefits for everyone Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing.

    Mental health is equally important to the development of healthy behaviors. Healthcare facilities should establish mental health support systems, which include stress management workshops, counseling services, and employee assistance programs, to address psychological health needs. Mental health promotion leads to better overall health and increased productivity, according to Goetzel et al. (2019). The facility will establish a complete wellness framework through its mental health service provision.

    The path to health equity needs a detailed and diverse strategy for its realization. The implicit bias test outcomes demonstrate the necessity of developing self-awareness to handle biases that affect healthcare delivery. The assessment process of the military healthcare facility reveals particular areas that require improvement regarding healthy behavior promotion.  Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing The facility can move forward with its health equity initiatives through the implementation of health promotion programs, community partnerships, employee wellness rewards, regular health checks, and mental health care support. Such programs enrich both employee health and community welfare as they establish an inclusive healthcare system that promotes equity.

     
     

    References

    Baicker, K., Cutler, D., & Song, Z. (2010). Workplace wellness programs can generate savings. 
    Health Affairs
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    (2), 304–311.

    Brennan, T. A., Spettell, C. M., Fernandes, J., Lantiere, M., & Hiatt, S. (2014). Disease management to promote prevention. The American Journal of Managed Care, 20(5), e153-e160.

    Goetzel, R. Z., Anderson, D. R., Whitmer, R. W., Ozminkowski, R. J., Dunn, R. L., Wasserman, J., & Health Enhancement Research Organization (HERO) Research Committee. (2019). The relationship between modifiable health risks and health care expenditures: an analysis of the multi-employer HERO health risk and cost database. 
    Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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    40
    (10), 843–854.

    Green, A. R., Carney, D. R., Pallin, D. J., Ngo, L. H., Raymond, K. L., Iezzoni, L. I., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for black and white patients. 
    Journal of General Internal Medicine
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    , 1231-1238.

    Horstmann, D. J. (2018). 
    Health-specific leadership and employee health: The influence of contextual and individual factors in a healthcare setting
    (Doctoral dissertation, by Medien-und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Files in This Item: File Size Format Dissertation_David_Horstmann_2018. Pdf MD5: da1cbb4a81a6f1b5535e4fbec1a7b4b9 License: Nutzung nach Urheberrecht open-access 1.45 MB Adobe PDF View/Open Items in PubData are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Views Show full item record) Self-Implicit Bias and Health Equity in Nursing