Category: Nursing

Create a 3-5-page PICO(T) question essay submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question for a specific care issue and evaluate the evidence you locate, which could help to answer the question.

PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.

It stands for:

P – Patient/population/problem.

I – Intervention.

C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).

O – Outcome(s).

T – Time frame (if time frame is relevant).

The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell & Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search. PICO(T) question essay.

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You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health PCI(T) Process activity before you develop the plan proposal. This activity offers an opportunity to practice working through creating a PICO(T) question within the context of an issue at a Vila Health facility. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 3 successfully. This is for your own practice and self-assessment and demonstrates your engagement in the course.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

Competency 1: Interpret findings from scholarly quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research articles and studies.

Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.

Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.

Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.

Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question PICO(T) question essay.

Competency 3: Apply an evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.

Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.

Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.

Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style.

Reference

Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2015). Introduction to nursing research. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Professional Context

As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted. PICO(T) question essay.

PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question PICO(T) question essay.

Scenario

For this assessment, please use an issue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.

If you do not have an issue of interest from your personal nursing practice, then review the optional Case Studies presented in the resources and select one of those as the basis for your assessment.

Instructions

For this assessment, select an issue of interest an apply the PICO(T) process to define the question and research it.

Your initial goal is to define the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. In some cases, a time frame is relevant and you should include that as well, when writing a question you can research related to your issue of interest. After you define your question, research it, and organize your initial findings, select the two sources of evidence that seem the most relevant to your question and analyze them in more depth. Specifically, interpret each source’s specific findings and best practices related to your issues, as well explain how the evidence would help you plan and make decisions related to your question.

If you need some structure to organize your initial thoughts and research, the PICOT Question and Research Template document (accessible from the ”Create PICO(T) Questions” page in the Capella library’s Evidence Based Practice guide) might be helpful.

In your submission, make sure you address the following grading criteria:

Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach.

Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.

Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence.

Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.

Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style PICO(T) question essay.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

Assessment 3 Example 1 [PDF].

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should meet the following requirements:

Length of submission: Create a 3–5-page submission focused on defining a research question and interpreting evidence relevant to answering it. A title page is not required but you must include a reference list.

Number of references: Cite a minimum of four sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.

APA formatting: Format references and citations according to current APA style. PICO(T) question essay

The purpose of this PUB 550 Data Management assignment is to practice organizing data through ordering and grouping variables.

Data often appear disordered and it is difficult to see any connections or relationships. Ordering the data by certain variables or grouping variables into specific categories, such as age or sex categories, can help bring clarity to the data. Knowing how to organize data is an important skill to initiate the analytical process.

For this assignment, students will use Excel and SPSS Statistics to order variables. Using the ”Example Dataset,” complete the steps below using both Excel and SPSS Statistics. View the Excel and SPSS tutorials for assistance in completing this assignment. Submit one Word document and include a screen shot of the data after completing the first two steps of Part 1 in Excel and SPSS to compare your results. Use a second Word document to complete Part 2 of the assignment. PUB 550 Data Management.

Part 1: Ordering and Grouping Data Using Excel and SPSS

For Part 1, accomplish the following:

Order (sort) observations according to age.

Group observations by sex and investigate the age and income for males and females.

Create a new variable titled ”Exercise Group” based on the variable ”Minutes Exercise.” Use the following categories to create your groups: 1 = 0-30 minutes; 2 = 31-60 minutes; 3 = 61-90 minutes; 4 = 91-120 minutes; and 5 = 120+ minutes.

 

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Part 2: Data Interpretation

Study the results of the dataset grouping and ordering. Discuss the following in a 500-750 word summary:

Describe the measurement levels for each of the variables in the dataset.

Discuss what you learned from ordering the data by age and why this information is important.

Describe the process you used to group the data in Excel and SPSS.

Describe what you learned by grouping the variables by category of exercise.

Are these data from a correlational study, experimental study, or quasi-experimental (observational) study? Discuss your rationale and identify a study question appropriate for this dataset.

General Requirements PUB 550 Data Management

Submit the Word document to the instructor.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Attachments

PUB-550-RS-Example Dataset.xlsx PUB 550 Data Management

Spirituality worldview essay

discussion question for weekly assignment/ What would spirituality be according to your own worldview? How do you believe that your conception of spirituality would influence the way in which you care for patients?

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Discussion

Based on my worldview, I perceive spirituality as the broad concept of connections with a perspective that is physical realm. Spirituality gives purpose and meaning to human life. The concept of spirituality focuses on a higher power that transcends conscious and physical restraints, seeks resolution, and inspires hope. I believe that I am on this world to serve God who created me. We all live in a physical realm that follows the rules of science to include gravity, time and space. However, there are events that occur outside the realm of science and could be considered as miracles. Such events are best explained as divine interventions, thereby validating my views on spirituality (Huff, Kline & Peterson, 2015) Spirituality worldview essay. As a nurse, I understand that every person has a unique understanding of spirituality that gives them belief, love, peace, faith and hope in the midst of suffering. Through incorporating an awareness of spirituality into my nursing care, I am able to provide holistic care that places patients at the center of the healing experience. A key way of doing this in the professional environment is to be purposeful and offer my presence. Through emotional presence even when conducting technical nursing tasks, I expect to create an environment where patients feel comfortable and are able to express themselves thereby helping in influencing care approaches for the best outcomes v. For instance, I can offer to be there for my patients, hold their hands, listen to their concerns, and extend the opportunity are some of the best strategies for helping patients to cope through their illness (Puchalski, 2001). In this respect, I perceive spirituality as belief in a divine being, and view spirituality as an important tool for delivering holistic care.

References

Huff, R., Kline, M. & Peterson, D. (2015).
Health promotion in multicultural populations: a handbook for practitioners and students
(3
rd
ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Puchalski, C. M. (2001). The role of spirituality in health care.
BUMC Proceedings
, 14, 352-357 Spirituality worldview essay.

Reflective Spirituality Paper

You have been assigned required readings on spirituality in your course. You may choose one or more chapters from each assigned book to read. You will then write a reflection paper regarding your thoughts, meaningful ideas, feelings, and/or reactions, and the application of these to nursing practice or your own spiritual growth and self-care.

1. Paper is typed in at least 3 pages, double spaced and turned in on time via D2L or email to your professor, with coversheet title page in APA format; thoughtful, suitable title

10 Points

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2. Introductory paragraph is attention-getting

10 Points

3. Spelling, grammar, mechanics, and usage are correct throughout paper

10 Points Reflective Spirituality Paper

4. Thoughts are expressed in a coherent and logical manner.

20 Points

5. Viewpoints and interpretations are insightful, demonstrating an in-depth reflection.

20 Points

6. Concluding paragraph sums up information, reiterates ideas and opinions, and leaves reader with a call to action or something meaningful to remember

10 Points

7. Pertinent reference sources are skillfully woven throughout paper without over use of quotations but, rather, attempt to paraphrase

10 Points

8. References are properly cited in APA format with no plagiarism. Reflective Spirituality Paper

5 Points

9. At least 3 references are cited in paper, including a reference from current class assigned chapter readings in Mauk, a reading in an assigned chapter in White, and one journal article of your own choice.

5 Points

Total

100 Possible Points

Actual Points =

References:

 

Reflective Spirituality Paper

This paper reflects on Readings in E. G. White, The Ministry of Healing. The selected chapters include Helping the Tempted; Mind Cure; Extremes in Diet; Stimulants and Narcotics; and lastly Liquor Traffic and Prohibition.

For the mind-cure, the body and the mind are closely connected. Therefore, when the body is affected, the mind also is affected and vice versa. This means that human beings should strive to take care of their mind because the mind can eventually lead to numerous physical conditions. Similarly, the mental state can affect the recovery process (White et al., 2018). From this reading, I have learned the importance of taking care of the patients’ mind and mental health conditions during their treatment. Ensuring that patients are in a good mood and their right mind condition can go a long way in facilitating patients’ recovery. Similarly, improving the mental condition of my patients can go a long way in giving patients the strength and will to fight the disease process. For example, when a patient is has a positive mind, they are more willing to adhere to the prescribed treatment. Reflective Spirituality Paper

The second chapter is “helping the tempted”. This chapter encourages people to be sympathetic and empathic towards each other (White et al., 2018). The nursing profession is a calling that requires nurses to show compassion and empathy towards the patients. Therefore, from this chapter, we learn how to provide compassionate care to patients without judging them and regardless of how difficult the patient is. Also, this chapter has strongly improved my ability to collaborate and partner with other healthcare providers. Even when facing difficult colleagues, I will endeavor to try to understand them and overlook their shortcomings. This will significantly improve my relationship with my peers and nurse leaders and thus improve care delivery.

The third chapter is “Extremes in Diet”. From this chapter, I have learned the importance of feeding the body with the right diet without starving or overfeeding. Human beings should ensure that the body is fed with the right nutrients (White et al., 2018). Reflective Spirituality Paper. From this chapter, I learned that the diet should contain all the essential nutrients. This is in line with my belief that a healthy diet not only prevents people from diseases but also improves immunity. Moving forward, I plan to advocate for a proper and healthy diet for my patients and at the same time educate my patients regarding the importance of consuming the appropriate diet.

Lastly, chapters “stimulants and narcotics” and “liquor traffic and prohibition” emphasize the importance of staying away from drugs and liquor. Generally, evidence has shown that drugs such as narcotics have harmful effects on the body. Some drugs are even associated with numerous mental disorders (Tsai et al., 2019). Therefore, these two chapters have significantly impacted my personal growth. It was enlightening to discover that even stimulants such as coffee can be addictive. From now on, I plan to reduce the amount of stimulants that I take because stimulants such as coffee can also be addictive. I also plan to actively educate my friend, community members, and my patients about the risks and dangers associated with taking narcotics. I also plan to encourage my friends and patients to always uphold the laws that prohibit things such as driving while drunk. Reflective Spirituality Paper.

 

References

Tsai A, Alegría M & Strathdee A. (2019). Addressing the context and consequences of substance use, misuse, and dependence: A global imperative.
PLoS Med
, 16(11).

White, E. G., & Writings, E. G. W. (2018). The Ministry of Healing. 1905.
http://www. centrowhite. org. br/files/ebooks/egw-English/books/The% 20Ministry% 20of% 20Healing. pdf Acesso em
,
5
, 127. Reflective Spirituality Paper

Depressive Disorders Essay

Depression

Depression affects both the mental and physical wellbeing of an individual.it is considered to be one of the leading causes of disability with 300 million people estimated to suffer from the disorder globally. The Center for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 10.4% and 5.5% of women and men respectively to have had depression between 2013 to 2016. Depression is a mode disorder that results in persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. It affects the feelings, thoughts, and actions which interfere with the normal functioning and conducting of activities. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood, loss of pleasure and interest in activities, change of appetite and weight, sleep disturbance, loss of energy or fatigue, psychomotor agitation and feelings of worthlessness (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Other symptoms include recurrent suicidal thoughts and reduced ability to make decisions, concentrate or think and five of them should be persistent for at least two weeks Depressive Disorders Essay.

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HPI and clinical impression

The patient is a 21-year-old female African American patient who was found in his room attempting to commit suicide using benzodiazepenes and opioids medications. She confesses to have had suicidal thoughts since the age of 12 years as she was transitioning from childhood to adolescent stage. She does not like her body type and considers herself not to be beautiful. She was bullied in high school and has always felt worthless, unloved and lonely. Recently, she broke up with her boyfriend which was very traumatic Depressive Disorders Essay. Her depressive symptoms include feelings of worthlessness, insomnia, lack of concentration, anhedonia, loss of appetite and weight as well as feelings of sadness for the last two months. She also experiences persistent suicidal thoughts and has attempted suicide on three occasions.

Psychopharmacologic treatments

Depressive disorder can be treated pharmacologically using medication. Multiple types of antidepressants drugs are employed to alleviate the symptoms of depression. These include Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as paroxetine, vilazodone, citalopram, fluoxetine and escitalopram (Stahl, 2014). Other antidepressants include Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), Tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants and Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) among others. In this case, the patient will be treated using citalopram 20mg. this drug presents fewer side effects and has been confirmed to produce positive outcomes to depression patients. The dosage will be increased to a maximum of 4omg if the initial dose does not cause optimal results. The therapeutic end points include restoration of normal sleeping patterns, moods and activities as well as elimination of suicidal ideations. Depressive Disorders Essay. This is because; serotonin blocks the neurotransmitter receptors at the neuronal synapse thus restoring the normal state of the brain functions.

Psychotherapy Treatment

Psychological interventions for depression include talk therapies involving the individual patient, groups and families. This approach will be based on cognitive behavior therapy which seeks to modify the emotions, thought processes and actions of a depressed patient (Gabbard, 2014). Individual therapy will entail training on multiple techniques such as resolution of personal issues, recovery from mental illness and creation of desired changes. On the other hand, the patient will engage in group therapies which will engage him in coping efficacy skills and activities as well as promote open sharing and acceptance Depressive Disorders Essay. Family therapy will help in identifying the patient’s social needs and strategies to facilitate recovery at home. Cognitive behavior therapy will run for six weeks and is expected to improve the quality of the patient’s life, eliminate negative thoughts and promote coping as well as improve the resolution of personal issues.

Medical Management needs

Medical management needs for depressed patients include actions that minimize the need for medical services. these needs support the primary care providers and caregivers in improving the condition of the patient. As such, a collaborative relationship between the psychiatrist and the primary caregiver will help in the identification of the client’s needs and enhance timely delivery and assessment which improves quick recovery. Moreover, sharing of the information particularly on the client’s mental and family history will help the psychiatric provide an appropriate diagnosis guided by evidence. In addition, this will help in identifying and resolving the challenges encountered during treatment often regarding the client’s adherence to the treatment plan, side effects of medication and the rate of recovery. Electronic monitoring off medication will also ensure no medical errors take place as they seek to identify the optima dosage tolerated by the patient (Sadock, Sadock and Ruiz, 2014).

Community support

The community offers diverse types of support to mental patients. This includes setting up rehabilitation and nursing homes as well as financing their medical services through different community programs. Consequently, they set up community agencies that advocate for creation of awareness on depression, educate people on mental wellness, provide information on prevention and treatment and also condemn stigmatization of depressed patients. The patient will therefore benefit from these services which include free counseling, social support and access of information. Depressive Disorders Essay.

Follow up plan

The patient will be expected to visit the clinic after every two weeks. If the progress will be positive and no therapeutic changes are proposed, she will then be given monthly appointments.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Gabbard, G. O. (2014). Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Depressive Disorders Essay

Stahl, S.M. (2014). Prescriber’s Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

To prepare for this Assignment:

Select an adult or older adult client with a depressive disorder you have seen in your practicum.

In 3 pages, write a treatment plan for your client in which you do the following:

Describe the HPI and clinical impression for the client.

Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments and describe specific and therapeutic endpoints for your psychopharmacologic agent. (This should relate to HPI and clinical impression.)

Recommend psychotherapy choices (individual, family, and group) and specific therapeutic endpoints for your choices Depressive Disorders Essay.

Identify medical management needs, including primary care needs, specific to this client.

Identify community support resources (housing, socioeconomic needs, etc.) and community agencies that are available to assist the client.

Recommend a plan for follow-up intensity and frequency and collaboration with other providers. Depressive Disorders Essay.

Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay

As God’s creation, I believe that we are all fearfully and wonderfully made in the image and likeness of God (Psalm 139:14).  The biblical worldview relates the human anatomy and physiology to God’s intricate design. As such, a relationship exists between the Christian faith and the study of the human structure and body functions. This paper examines the nervous system and depression as the…

Select a body system and identify one disease process that fascinates you most as a creation of God. Answer the following questions relating to the disease process.

1. What aspects of normal anatomy is interesting to you and why?

2. What factors have caused the damage to the normal anatomy and physiology?

3. How can we restore the healing process? Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay

4. What is the role of prayer, influence of religion and culture relating to this disease process?

5. Conclusion with a call to action or something meaningful to remember

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You have been assigned required readings on spirituality in your course. You may choose one or more chapters from each assigned book to read. You will then write a reflection paper regarding your thoughts, meaningful ideas, feelings, and/or reactions, and the application of these to nursing practice or your own spiritual growth and self-care.

1. Paper is typed in at least 2-3 pages, double spaced and turned in on time via D2L or email to your professor, with coversheet title page in APA format; thoughtful, suitable title 10 Points Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay

2. Introductory paragraph is attention-getting

10 Points

3. Spelling, grammar, mechanics, and usage are correct throughout paper 10 Points

4. Answers all questions and thoughts are expressed in a coherent and logical manner. 20 Points

5. Viewpoints and interpretations are insightful, demonstrating an in-depth knowledge, and understanding of the disease process and reflecting the role of prayer, region and culture influence on healing on the disease process. . 20 Points

6. Concluding paragraph sums up information, reiterates ideas and opinions, and leaves reader with a call to action or something meaningful to remember 10 Points

7. Pertinent reference sources are skillfully woven throughout paper without over use of quotations but, rather, attempt to paraphrase 10 Points

8. References are properly cited in APA format with no plagiarism. 5 Points

9. At least 3 references are cited in paper, including a reference from current class assigned chapter readings in Mauk, a reading in an assigned chapter in White, Anatomy & Physiology, and pathophysiology text and one journal article of your own choice. 5 Points Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay

relate it to Readings in E. G. White, The Ministry of Healing in the following chapters

Chapt 5 Healing of the Soul

Chapt 16 Prayer for the Sick

 

As God’s creation, I believe that we are all fearfully and wonderfully made in the image and likeness of God (Psalm 139:14).  The biblical worldview relates the human anatomy and physiology to God’s intricate design. As such, a relationship exists between the Christian faith and the study of the human structure and body functions. This paper examines the nervous system and depression as the creation of God.

The nervous system interests me because of its ability to control the overall functioning of the body. I am often fascinated by how it collects sensory input from the body and external environment, processed it, interprets and responds appropriately initiating actions. Moreover, it contains the brain which presents the most complex and largest organ in the human body that harbors more than 100 billion neurons. Another amazing thing about the anatomy of the nervous system is the spinal cord which is capable of transmitting signals at speeds of 100 meters per second (Tripathi & Sieber, 2020). How fast! It also has the nerves which are a collection of neurons that conduct impulses to and from the central nervous mechanism  Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay. Interestingly, the nervous system controls communication, breathing, swallowing, learning, reaction to stimuli, walking, speaking and generally all the activities of the body.

Depression is caused by the damage of the anatomy and psychology of the nervous system and particularly the brain. It occurs from the depression of dopamine, norepinephrine or serotonin neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. This is according to the monoamine-deficiency theory. The factors causing damage to the normal anatomy and physiology of the nervous system include genes and psychosocial stresses associated with family and environmental interactions; stress hormones and cytokines such as Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) as well as mediating roles of monoamines that control sleep, appetite, attention, reward processing, cognition and mood. Other factors include substance abuse, sex hormones, and medical conditions Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay.

The healing process of depression seeks to restore the normal anatomy of the nervous system. This can be achieved through balanced dieting rich in vitamins B6, B12, and folate. Drinking plenty of water and fluids is also essential. In addition, pharmacological treatment of depression can be achieved through the administration of antidepressants which assist in balancing the brain chemicals, neurotransmitters which affect the emotions and moods. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) such as escitalopram are the most effective drugs for depression (Stahl, 2014).

As Christians, prayers play a vital role in healing. Illnesses are often considered as punishments for sins and hence, the Bible encourages Christians to offer prayers in faith so that they can be healed and their pain will be alleviated (Exodus 15:26). Notably, Christians ask for forgiveness from God through prayers with a belief that forgiveness and restoration of health will take placeSpirituality Reflective Writing Essay. On mental issues such as depression, God prayers offer emotional comfort and reduce the symptoms (Psalm 103:3, 4) (White & Writings, 2018). On the other hand, different cultures and religions own unique perceptions of nervous system diseases associating them with curses and punishments. Different health promotion strategies, approaches, interventions and perceptions also influence treatment of diseases.

In conclusion, I can term the nervous system as the most significant system of the body since it controls everything else. As such, maintenance of its health through prevention of injuries and disease is essential. Creation of awareness and provision of cultural sensitive services towards maintenance of health and elimination of mental diseases such as depression is a relevant step towards holistic and evidence-based practice.

References

Stahl, S.M. (2014). Prescriber’s Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay

Tripathi, P., & Sieber, F. (2020). The Adult Central Nervous System: Anatomy and Physiology. In 
Essentials of Neurosurgical Anesthesia & Critical Care
 (pp. 3-13). Springer, Cham.

White, E. G., & Writings, E. G. W. (2018). The Ministry of Healing. 1905. 
http://www. centrowhite. org. br/files/ebooks/egw-english/books/The% 20Ministry% 20of% 20Healing. pdf Acesso em
, 
5
, 127. Spirituality Reflective Writing Essay

Becoming influential essay assignment sample

Deciding on My Message

Nursing is the most cared-for job since nurses are the most trusted healthcare professionals. They keep an eye on a patient all through the continuum of life. They give care, yet they likewise are advocates, scholars, and educators. Nursing is a noteworthy profession, and the nurses are the central core of the medicinal services system. In any case, in as much as the profession is indispensable in the public arena, it gets less credit than it should (Papandrea, n.d.). It views as a component of the lower level in the healthcare profession. Becoming influential essay assignment sample Thus, there emerges a circumstance where there is a shortage of nurses. Shortage of nurses is the point at which the interest for nursing professionals surpasses the supply. Shortage of nurses does not just emerge when nurses are in low numbers, yet could likewise happen when the pace of affirmation of students to the nursing schools goes down (AACNnursing, 2019). The shortage shows up due to insufficient staffing proportions in emergency clinics, the absence of arrangement programs for new graduates, and weak laborer retention incentives.

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My message would, in this way, look to address the shortage of the number of nurses in the region. By raising the issue, I would mean to bring issues to light to such a reality and along these lines talk about it to two noteworthy parties: the government and the youngsters who are yet to join nursing schools. If the government were to enough deal with the wages, training, working condition, and the executives of the nurses, an ever-increasing number of nurses would wish to stay in the profession. Such a move would likewise propel youngsters progressively to take up the course or profession, consequently tending to the nurse shortage issue, unequivocally. Becoming influential essay assignment sample

Deciding on How to Share My Message

 

The message target government and youngsters going to join establishments of higher learning. However, in addressing the issue, I would target the lawmakers, MPs, campaign gatherings, or the legislature, so the whole nursing system streamline. With that set up, it is anything but difficult to address youngsters and urge them to seek after nursing as a profession. With more students taking up nursing, it would mean there would be more graduates and facilitate the burden on the current obliged number of nurses (Gatchel, 2018). However, they would need to discover a spot where there is sufficient compensation, better working conditions, stable working timetables, appropriate move changes or more all legitimate apparatuses, units and hardware for the training.

           
In this case, I would address the nearby Member of Parliament (MP) as she can address the issue broadly. She controls what measure of cash assigned to the constituency, and she additionally seats the commission set up to convey such assets all through the territory. In my location to the MP, I would exhibit measurements on the number of nurses in the voting demographic, the total number of constituents and contrast that proportion and the WHO prescribed proportion. It would demonstrate that the region slacks in the number of nurses who should practice there (Poorchangizi & Farokhzadian, 2017). To address the issue, I would raise the issue of financing human services establishments, giving more up to date advances to the offices, improving the foundation, subsidizing mobile facilities and paying them the best possible levy, and in time.

           
Besides, I would approach her to campaign for nursing courses in the institutions of higher realizing with the goal that increasingly youngsters take up the course. I would expect a few challenges. The issue with that would be that such financing is not yielding foods grown from the ground; that case, I would ask the MP to follow up on the issue cautiously. Another challenge would be that practicing medicine could easily compare to nursing as that is the thing that we have grown up knowing (Hintistan & Topcuoglu, 2017). Nursing has not gotten the praise that it should and frequently lays in the shadows of practicing prescription. Nursing has advanced and is one of the essential jobs in the medicinal community. Organizing the profession will give it the regard it merits.

My Message

Dear MP,

           
Nurses are the absolute most overworked professionals, yet they are not recognized as they should. Some state it is a profession; however, in the real sense, it is the most sincerely requesting employments ever. Nobody would comprehend what a nurse does until they have a nearby relative spend time in a clinic or have an attendant consideration for them at home. Nurses bring an expansiveness of mastery and learning while at the same time overseeing and assessing the treatment and care for such people Becoming influential essay assignment sample. They are the promoters for the debilitated; they moderate the advancement of a patient; comprehend side effects that may be warnings and what treatment should work. They are the connection between a patient and the specialist.

           
All such work block by a few issues which I trust you can work on. The fundamental issue for the present which I think could assist on a more extensive scale whenever tended to be the shortage of nurses in your constituency. Nurse shortage expands the outstanding burdens on the nurses, builds the hazard for mistakes and trading off the strength of patients, dangers wounds, and dangers were spreading contaminations to different patients or staff individuals and could bring about a lot increasingly negative results (Papandrea, n.d.). Like this, the shortage of nurses should be tended to, for the health and prosperity of your constituents and the constituency when all said in done.

           
First, I would ask you to organize the issue from a shortage of nurses, in the constituency as well as countrywide. To address the issue all the more proficiently, it requires more broadcast appointment. Also, on a constituency level, I would ask you to cater more funds for the improvement of the nursing offices in the supporters. I would likewise approach that more magnificent hardware for the said institutions be benefited to them when it is conceivable. Thirdly, I would request that you underscore to the youngsters that nursing is a fundamental profession in the public arena. It would take into account more students to take up nursing and seek after it as a profession. Furthermore, with improved offices, better pay, and better working conditions, a more significant amount of them would graduate and keep practicing. I accept the methodologies would address the issue of attendant shortage.

What Have I Learned from This Assignment?

I learned that nursing gets less praise than it should because it is hidden by the therapeutic profession. In any case, nursing is essential to the community, presumably significantly more than practicing medication. It is an emotional profession and requires a great deal of consideration to a patient. I have learned that nursing gets less consideration and inclusion because there exists a misguided judgment that nursing care is less significant. Becoming influential essay assignment sample The most notable individual is the patient and nurses carry out their responsibility to ensure the patients pull through their conditions. To ensure nursing gets the attention it merits, I will campaign for the improvement of their working conditions, pay, and the expansion in the equipment profited to them. Nurses help patients throughout the day and night long, and they, like this, require a great deal of consideration. Having it regarded by all will cover the issue of nurse shortage which emerges given the absence of consideration in the profession and the course in higher learning’s institutions. Becoming influential essay assignment sample

 

References

AACNnursing. (2019).
Nursing Shortage
. Retrieved from AACNnursing: https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Fact-Sheets/Nursing-Shortage

Gatchel, R. J. (2018). The importance of the profession of nursing in health care: Current and future issues.
Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research
. Becoming influential essay assignment sample

Hintistan, S., & Topcuoglu, B. (2017). Professionalism Characteristics of Nurses Working in Internal Medicine Clinics.
Universal Journal of Public Health
, 46-53.

Papandrea, D. (n.d.).
What You Can Do About The Nursing Shortage
. Retrieved from Nurse: https://nurse.org/articles/nursing-shortage/

Poorchangizi, B., & Farokhzadian, J. (2017). The importance of professional values from clinical nurses’ perspective in hospitals of a medical university in Iran.
BMC Medical Ethics
. Becoming influential essay assignment sample

Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

The nature of spirituality and ethics in the Christian perspective is dependent on the belief in a higher being, God. In the healthcare scenario, spirituality means that one believes that this higher being is the one that holds the key to health, wellness, and disease. To be deeply spiritual therefore means that one has the power to call upon God when they are sick and they get healed without even having to go to the hospital. In the same manner, the belief in God has the potential to heal anyone else that is prayed for in order that God can intervene and heal them. Christian spirituality teaches that God is above everything. He can conquer disease and restore wellness without having to take any medication at all. In fact, Christian spirituality maintains that…

Based on the required topic study materials, write a reflection about worldview and respond to following:

In 250-300 words, explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of postmodern relativism within health care. Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

In 250-300 words, explain what scientism is and describe two of the main arguments against it.

In 750-1,000 words, answer each of the worldview questions according to your own personal perspective and worldview:

What is ultimate reality?

What is the nature of the universe?

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What is a human being?

What is knowledge?

What is your basis of ethics?

What is the purpose of your existence?

Remember to support your reflection with the topic study materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

Analysis of Worldview: Christian Perspective as Opposed to Postmodern Relativism in Healthcare

The nature of spirituality and ethics in the Christian perspective is dependent on the belief in a higher being, God. In the healthcare scenario, spirituality means that one believes that this higher being is the one that holds the key to health, wellness, and disease. To be deeply spiritual therefore means that one has the power to call upon God when they are sick and they get healed without even having to go to the hospital. In the same manner, the belief in God has the potential to heal anyone else that is prayed for in order that God can intervene and heal them. Christian spirituality teaches that God is above everything. He can conquer disease and restore wellness without having to take any medication at all. In fact, Christian spirituality maintains that for one to get sick, God has to allow it to either test his/ her faith or let him discover the power of God. This argument is supported by the case of Job in the Christian Holy Bible. As for ethics, the God of Christianity directs that all Christians must do good (beneficence) at all times (Gula, 2000) and shun doing evil (non-maleficence). Hence the greatest commandment that one should always love their neighbor as they love themselves. Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

Contrasted with the Christian worldview, postmodern relativism is a cynical look at the reality of wellness and disease. It seeks to question reason and the scientific knowledge that informs modern medicine and treatment. Postmodern relativism would question medical and nursing interventions aimed at treating disease because according to it, all actions possess no certainty and their usefulness is only relative. In other words, there is nothing absolute or absolutely certain in healthcare, including the so-called evidence-based therapies. How an illness is understood in healthcare and how it is remedied is therefore dependent on how the person looking at it perceives it (Guignan, 2020).

Description of and Arguments against Scientism

Scientism is the belief that scientific knowledge is the ultimate medicine and panacea to all the problems of the world. This includes illness and disease. According to it, all knowledge in the world comes from science and scientific endeavours. Also, all phenomena on Earth and in the entire universe can be explained by science according to the philosophy of scientism. It is during the latter stages of the historical period known as “Renaissance” that scientism began to take root. As Christopher Columbus was discovering the America’s, Galileo Galilei and Rene Descartes were beginning to question knowledge that had been held as true for ages. These could be considered as the
de facto
founders of the scientism movement Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay. Up to the time that these men of science started to question assumptions like the flatness of the Earth, the word of the Church and the ancient philosophical thinkers was unchallenged and divine. All intellectuals believed these assumptions to be true so much so that anyone who questioned their veracity was considered to be insane. As a matter of fact, most of these early scientism advocates found themselves in jail for their observations. Luckily, their observations were factual scientific realities that would soon be proved to be true (Burnett, 2020).

Like any form of believe, cult, or movement; scientism also has arguments that are presented against it and its proponents. Two of these are worth discussing here. According to Crosby (2014), the free will of a human being is a phenomenon that even scientism cannot claim to be in a position to explain. To prove this point, the science of neurology and neurosurgery is still not capable of explaining the physiology behind the free will, morality, or right and good as functions of the human brain. Moreover, there are still huge areas of the brain whose functions science still cannot explain. Therefore, science still cannot purport to be able to explain in full the process of human thought and free will, as these appear to be extremely abstract phenomena devoid of any physical footprints. The second argument against scientism is its reliance on the replicability of observations. That an experiment in science can be replicated with the same results obtained in a different place is the very hallmark of science. This is the whole concept of reliability and validity of research findings. Hall (2018) posits that the absence of replicability of past observations does not necessarily mean no new knowledge is generated.

Ultimate Reality

So, what exactly is ultimate reality? According to the online Oxford dictionary, the word “ultimate” means “being or happening at the end of a process” or “final.” Therefore, ultimate reality is the absolute reality that remains after all beliefs, cults, assumptions, and conjectures have been removed. For example, the ultimate reality as at now is that the Earth is round, living things need oxygen gas to survive, a human being can only give birth to a human being and not a goat, and only human beings have the capacity to generate original speech (parrots can only copy!). Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

The Nature of the Universe

The universe is everything that is in existence in whatever state it is in, on earth and beyond. As human beings, we occupy just a tiny speck in the universe that is planet Earth. We have not even been able to physically find out what is in existence in a neighboring planet in the solar system. Galaxies upon galaxies make up the entire universe. In a nutshell, therefore, the nature of the universe is still a mystery yet to be unravelled by humans on Earth.

A Human Being

A human being is part of the living things that are found on planet Earth. As things stand now, he is the most intelligent of all the animals found on Earth and endowed with the capacity to reason. Among all the animals and living things on Earth, it is only the human being that possesses free will and a sense of right and wrong. However, these special faculties are still not possible to explain using the current available knowledge, be it scientific or otherwise. Through his superior brain, the human being has been able to make sense of the Earth and use its resources in ways that can benefit him. He has been able to carefully study his body and identify how and when most of the diseases affecting it occur. In this manner, he has also tried and observed which interventions are able to treat these diseases and which ones cannot. However, despite all this ingenuity, the human being has not been able to to conquer death or prevent it.

Knowledge

Knowledge is an abstract concept whose presence can be demonstrated but whose exact existence cannot be physically proven. Human beings are not born with knowledge. They have to acquire it after being born. This is possible because the human brain is capable of learning and storing information learnt. However, physically demonstrating where knowledge resides in the human brain has not been possible to date. The best that can be presumed is where knowledge resides in the human brain. In fact, the abstract phenomenon that is knowledge is made even more complex by the reality of the dichotomy of mind and brain. The brain is a physical reality that can be touched, whereas the mind is an abstract reality that has no physical proof. Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

My Personal Basis of Ethics

My personal basis of ethics leans more on the Christian worldview of doing only what is good to others (beneficence). It is informed by resisting the urge to bring harm upon others (non-maleficence), even if they have done something that hurts me. This is the unconditional love of the neighbor that Jesus taught as the greatest commandment in the Christian Holy Bible. My personal basis of ethics is also informed by the need to let others exercise their free will without constraints (autonomy). This is because human rights inform all of us that all human beings are born free and they must remain so without anyone curtailing their God-given freedom. Lastly, my personal basis of ethics is informed by the need to accord justice to everyone. I believe that resources should not only be shared equally, but also that all human beings should have access to basics of life and health wherever they are, regardless of their race, color, creed, religion, beliefs, culture, or socio-economic status.

The Purpose of My Existence

Following from my personal basis of ethics above, my belief of my purpose of existence also leans more on the Christian worldview of leaving the world better than I found it. I believe that I am in existence to do good and impact the world positively, touching the lives of fellow human beings through healing and alleviating suffering that is caused by disease. Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

References

Burnett, T. (2020). What is scientism?
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
. Retrieved 4 March 2020 from
https://www.aaas.org/programs/dialogue-science-ethics-and-religion/what-scientism

Crosby, J.F. (2014). Against scientism.
Public Disclosure: The Journal of the Witherspoon Institute
. Retrieved 4 March 2020 from

Against Scientism

Duignan, B. (2020).Postmodernism.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved 4 March 2020 from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/postmodernism-philosophy

Gula, R.M. (2000). Spirituality and ethics in healthcare.
Health Progress
, 17-19. Retrieved 4 March 2020 from
https://www.chausa.org/docs/default-source/health-progress/spirituality-and-ethics-in-healthcare-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=0

Hall, S. (April 5, 2018). The philosophical case against scientism.
Quillette
. Retrieved 4 March 2020 from
https://quillette.com/2018/04/05/philosophical-case-scientism/
  Worldview Analysis and Personal Inventory Essay

Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay

Complex Regional Pain Disorder White Male With Hip Pain

BACKGROUND

This week, a 43-year-old white male presents at the office with a chief complaint of pain. He is assisted in his ambulation with a set of crutches. At the beginning of the clinical interview, the client reports that his family doctor sent him for psychiatric assessment because the doctor felt that the pain was “all in his head.” He further reports that his physician believes he is just making stuff up to get “narcotics to get high.”

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SUBJECTIVE

The client reports that his pain began about 7 years ago when he sustained a fall at work. He states that he landed on his right hip. Over the years, he has had numerous diagnostic tests done (x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs). He reports that about 4 years ago, it was discovered that the cartilage surrounding his right hip joint was 75% torn (from the 3 o’clock to 12 o’clock position). He reports that none of the surgeons he saw would operate because they felt him too young for a total hip replacement and believed that the tissue would repair with the passage of time. Since then, he reported development of a strange constellation of symptoms including cooling of the extremity (measured by electromyogram). He also reports that he experiences severe cramping of the extremity. He reports that one of the neurologists diagnosed him with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). However, the neurologist referred him back to his family doctor for treatment of this condition. He reports that his family doctor said “there is no such thing as RSD, it comes from depression” and this was what prompted the referral to psychiatry. He reports that one specialist he saw a few years ago suggested that he use a wheelchair, to which the client states “I said ‘no,’ there is no need for a wheelchair, I can beat this!” Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay

The client reports that he used to be a machinist where he made “pretty good money.” He was engaged to be married, but his fiancé got “sick and tired of putting up with me and my pain, she thought I was just turning into a junkie.”

He reports that he does get “down in the dumps” from time to time when he sees how his life has turned out, but emphatically denies depression. He states “you can’t let yourself get depressed… you can drive yourself crazy if you do. I’m not really sure what’s wrong with me, but I know I can beat it Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay.”

During the client interview, the client states “oh! It’s happening, let me show you!” this prompts him to stand with the assistance of the corner of your desk, he pulls off his shoe and shows you his right leg. His leg is turning purple from the knee down, and his foot is clearly in a visible cramp as the toes are curled inward and his foot looks like it is folding in on itself. “It will last about a minute or two, then it will let up” he reports. Sure enough, after about two minutes, the color begins to return and the cramping in the foot/toes appears to be releasing. The client states “if there is anything you can do to help me with this pain, I would really appreciate it.” He does report that his family doctor has been giving him hydrocodone, but he states that he uses is “sparingly” because he does not like the side effects of feeling “sleepy” and constipation. He also reports that the medication makes him “loopy” and doesn’t really do anything for the pain Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay.

MENTAL STATUS EXAM

The client is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. He is dressed appropriately for the weather and time of year. He makes good eye contact. Speech is clear, coherent, goal directed, and spontaneous. His self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect consistent to self-reported mood and content of conversation. He denies visual/auditory hallucinations. No overt delusional or paranoid thought processes appreciated. Judgment, insight, and reality contact are all intact. He denies suicidal/homicidal ideation, and is future oriented.

Diagnosis: Complex regional pain disorder (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

Decision Point One

Select what the PMHNP should do:

mg BID on day 2 and 3; followed by 25 mg BID on days 4-7; followed by 50 mg BID thereafter

y 25 mg to a max dose of 200 per day Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay

Neurontin 300 m 
 
 // 
Complex Regional Pain Disorder

Complex Regional Pain Disorder White Male With Hip Pain

 

Decision Point One

Savella 12.5 mg once daily on day 1; followed by 12.5 mg BID on day 2 and 3; followed by 25 mg BID on days 4-7; followed by 50 mg BID thereafter

BID on day 2 and 3; followed by 25 mg BID on days 4-7; followed by 50 mg BID thereafter Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay

RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

· 
 Client returns to clinic in four weeks

· 
 Client comes into the office to without crutches but is limping a bit. The client states that the pain is “more manageable since I started taking that drug. I have been able to get around more on my own. The pain is bad in the morning though and gets better throughout the day”. On a pain scale of 1-10; the client states that his pain is currently a 4. When asked what pain level would be tolerable on a daily basis, the client states, “I would rather have no pain but don’t think that is possible. I could live with a pain level of 3.”. When questioned further, the PMHNP asks what makes the pain on a scale of 1-10 different when comparing a level of 9 to his current level of 4?”. The client states that since using this drug, I can get to a point on most days where I do not need the crutches. ” The client is also asked what would need to happen to get his pain from a current level of 4 to an acceptable level of 3. He states, “If I could get to the point everyday where I do not need the crutches for most of my day, I would be happy.”

· 
Client states that he has noticed that he frequently (over the past 2 weeks) gets bouts of sweating for no apparent reason. He also states that his sleep has “not been so good as of lately.” He does complain of nausea today Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay

· 
 Client’s blood pressure and pulse are recorded as 147/92 and 110 respectively. He also admits to experiencing butterflies in his chest. The client denies suicidal/homicidal ideation and is still future oriented

Decision Point Two

Decision Point Two

Continue with current medication but lower dose to 25 mg twice a day

RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO

· 
 Client returns to clinic in four weeks

· 
 Client comes to office today with use of crutches. He states that his current pain is a 7 out of 10. “I do not feel as good as I did last month.”

· 
 Client states that he is sleeping at night but woken frequently from pain down his right leg and into his foot

· 
 Client’s blood pressure and heart rate recorded today are 124/85 and 87 respectively. He denies any heart palpitations today

· 
Client denies suicidal/homicidal ideation but he is discouraged about the recent slip in his pain management and looks sad Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay

Decision Point Three

Change Savella to 25 mg orally in the MORNING and 50 mg orally at BEDTIME

Guidance to Student

The client has a complex neuropathic pain syndrome that may never respond to pain medication. Once that is understood, the next task is to explain to the client that pain level expectations need to realistic in nature and understand that he will always have some level of pain on a daily basis. The key is to manage it in a manner that allows him to continue his activities of daily living with as little discomfort as possible. Next, it is important to explain that medications are never the final answer but a part of a complex regimen that includes physical therapy, possible chiropractic care, heat and massage therapy, and medications. Savella is a SNRI that also possesses NMDA antagonist activity which helps in producing analgesia at the site of nerve endings. It is specifically marketed for fibromyalgia and has a place in therapy for this gentleman Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay. Tramadol is never a good option along with other opioid type analgesics. Agonists at the Mu receptors does not provide adequate pain control in these types of neuropathic pain syndromes and therefore is never a good idea. It also has addictive properties which can lead to secondary drug abuse. Reductions in Savella can help control side effects but at a cost of uncontrolled pain. It is always a good idea to start with dose reductions during parts of the day that pain is most under control. The addition of Celexa with Savella needs to be done cautiously. Both medications inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and can, therefore, lead to serotonin toxicity or serotonin syndrome. Caucasian Man With Hip Pain decision Tree case study essay

Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Essay

Assignment Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs

2 – 3-page
paper
due on the ethical and legal implications of the scenario below:

“You see another nurse practitioner writing a prescription for her husband, who is not a patient of the nurse practitioner. The prescription is for a narcotic. You can’t decide whether or not to report the incident.”

• Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family. Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs
Essay
.

• Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario you selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.

• Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation.

•
Explain the process of writing prescriptions
, including strategies to minimize medication errors.

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References:

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-a). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.ht m

Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2017). List of errorprone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/errorprone-abbreviations-list •

Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.17

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for nurse practitioners and physician assistants. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M., Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(5), 248–254. doi:10.1002/2327- 6924.12446 Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Essay

 

Nurses have varying degrees of prescriptive authority over controlled substances, medications, medical services and medical devices. Ethical obligations also influence their prescriptions. Prescriptive regulations prevent medical errors which have become a major concern in the healthcare system. Approximately, over 250,000 deaths occurring in the United States annually are associated with medical errors. Moreover, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ranked medical errors as the third top causes of death in 2016 after heart diseases and cancer (Sabatino et al., 2017). In order to understand the ethical and legal issues associated with prescription, this paper examines a case of prescription of a nurse to their husband who is not her patient. Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Essay

Ethical and legal implications

The ethical and legal implications of this scenario include not documenting an evaluation of the patient as well as not reviewing their past medical history before prescribing. On the other hand, narcotics are controlled drugs whose prescriptions follow the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) procedure (DEA, n.d). As such, if the nurse is not authorized by DEA to prescribe controlled substances, she is definitely committing a legal crime. On the other hand, the nurse was not the patient’s nurse practitioner and did not consult before prescribing. Legally, prescribing should involve consultation and communication regarding the evaluation documentation and treatment and hence could cause medical errors Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Essay. Prescribing controlled drugs such as narcotics to family members or friends risk prosecution for diverting controlled drugs or, at minimum, inappropriate prescribing of controlled drug (Ladd & Hoyt, 2016). Consequently, if the nurse uses the wrong prescription form, they can be accused of fraudulent activities.

Strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure

Ethically, nurses are obligated to disclose information for informed decision-making of the patient. This supports the autonomy principle of ethics. Legally, the bill of rights advocates for full disclosure of medical errors (Ladd & Hoyt, 2016). In this case, the nurse should employ the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy to disclose the situation to other medical workers and the patient. The two strategies that I would employ in this case include autonomy. Here, I would call the patient and explain the legal and ethical procedure involved in my case and acknowledge that it I committed an error that could cause him harm. I would also engage his nurse practitioner to explain the right procedure I should have employed and as well point out the possible implications. Furthermore, I would offer an apology for the medical error and offer to cover for the financial resources associated with the error. Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Essay

Process of writing prescriptions

Following the process of writing prescriptions is important in eliminating medical errors. Prescriptions are written by qualified healthcare personnel. Notably, controlled substances are prescribed under specific conditions and by DEA certified nurses. The process of writing prescriptions involves filling and picking up prescriptive medications in a clear and legible manner. Prescriptions contain the name and address of the prescriber, the date of prescription, the name of the drug and its strength (Porter, 2017). A label of the administration instructions on the frequency and amount to be taken is also important.

In order to minimize medication errors, clear and complete information should be provided to the patients. The warnings, side effects and allergies should also be noted. The clarity of the prescription ensures that the pharmacist dispenses the correct drugs to patients. It is also essential for a prescriber of controlled drugs to be certified by DEA and follow the prescriptive guidelines provided to ensure safety and minimize the abuse of the drug. Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Essay

References

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-a). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from
https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm

Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2017). List of errorprone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from
https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/errorprone-abbreviations-list

Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.17

Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M., Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students.
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
, 29(5), 248–254. doi:10.1002/2327- 6924.12446 Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Essay