Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Health-related Bill Name

Lower Health Care Costs Act of 2019

Bill Number

S. 1895

Description

Introduced and sponsored by Senior Senator for Tennessee on 19
th
June 2019, the bill seeks to reduce health care costs through targeting health care coverage and services. It introduces cost-sharing approach for certain emergency and non-emergency services, and prohibits medical practitioners and facilities from billing above the recommended rates. In addition, it limits the pharmacy charges, establishes grant programs, and advocates for information dissemination. Besides that, it seeks to increase the minimum age of purchasing tobacco products from 18 years to 21 years (GovTrack, 2020).

Federal or State?

Federal…

Assignment: Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

As a nurse, how often have you thought to yourself, If I had anything to do about it, things would work a little differently? Increasingly, nurses are beginning to realize that they do, in fact, have a role and a voice.

Many nurses encounter daily experiences that motivate them to take on an advocacy role in hopes of impacting policies, laws, or regulations that impact healthcare issues of interest. Of course, doing so means entering the less familiar world of policy and politics. While many nurses do not initially feel prepared to operate in this space effectively, the reward is the opportunity to shape and influence future health policy. Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement.

To Prepare:

Select a bill that has been proposed (not one that has been enacted) using the congressional websites provided in the Learning Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid; 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement)

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid

Based on the health-related bill (proposed, not enacted) you selected, complete the Legislation Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:

Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.

Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.

Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.

Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?

Is it receiving press coverage? Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:

Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.

Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.

Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position.

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement.

 

Required Readings

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

Chapter 3, “Government Response: Legislation” (pp. 37–56)

Chapter 10, “Overview: The Economics and Finance of Health Care” (pp. 180–183 only)

Congress.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.congress.gov/

 

Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T. (2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education. Nursing Outlook, 65(2), 346–350. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.05.003

 

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

 

United States House of Representatives. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.house.gov/

 

United States Senate. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/

 

United States Senate. (n.d.). Senate organization chart for the 115th Congress. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.senate.gov/reference/org_chart.htm Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

 

Document: Legislation Comparison Grid Template (Word document)

 

 

Legislation Comparison Grid Template

Legislation Comparison Grid Template

 

Use this document to complete Part 1 of the Module 2 Assessment
Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

 

 

Health-related Bill Name

 

 

Bill Number

 

Description

 

 

 

 

Federal or State?

 

Legislative Intent

 

 

Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

 

Proponents/ Opponents

Proponents:

 

 

Opponents:

 

 

Target Population

 

 

Status of the bill (Is it in hearings or committees? Is it receiving press coverage?)

 

 

 

 

General Notes/Comments

 

 

 

 

_Assignment_Rubric

Grid View

List View

 

Excellent

Good

Fair

Poor

Federal and State Legislation

Part 1: Legislation Comparison Grid

Based on the health-related bill you selected, complete the Legislation Comparison Grid Template. Be sure to address the following:

• Determine the legislative intent of the bill you have reviewed.

• Identify the proponents/opponents of the bill.

• Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.

• Where in the process is the bill currently? Is it in hearings or committees?

• Is it receiving press coverage?

32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

The response clearly and accurately summarizes in detail the legislative intent of the health-related bill.

The response accurately identifies in detail the proponents and opponents of the health-related bill.

The response accurately identifies in detail the populations targeted by the health-related bill.

The response clearly and thoroughly describes in detail the current status of the health-related bill. Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

The response accurately summarizes the legislative intent of the health-related bill.

The response accurately identifies the proponents and opponents of the health-related bill.

The response accurately identifies the populations targeted by the health-related bill.

The response accurately describes the current status of the health-related bill.

25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

The response vaguely or inaccurately summarizes the legislative intent of the health-related bill.

The response vaguely or inaccurately identifies the proponents and opponents of the health-related bill.

The response vaguely or inaccurately identifies the populations targeted by the health-related bill.

The response vaguely or inaccurately describes the current status of the health-related bill.

0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

Summary of the legislative intent of the health-related bill is vague and inaccurate or is missing.

Identification of the proponents and opponents of the health-related bill are vague and inaccurate or is missing.

Identification of the populations targeted by the health-related bill is vague and inaccurate or is missing.

The description of the current status of the health-related bill is vague and inaccurate or is missing.

Advocating for Legislation

Part 2: Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement

Based on the health-related bill you selected, develop a 1- to 2-page Legislation Testimony/Advocacy Statement that addresses the following:

• Advocate a position for the bill you selected and write testimony in support of your position.

• Describe how you would address the opponent to your position. Be specific and provide examples.

• Recommend at least one amendment to the bill in support of your position.

45 (45%) – 50 (50%)

Testimony clearly and thoroughly provides statements that fully justifies a position for a health-related bill.

Response provides a detailed, thorough, and logical explanation of how to address opponents to the position for the health-related bill and includes one or more clear and accurate supporting examples.

A complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources is provided. The response fully integrates at least 2 outside resources and 2-3 course specific resources that fully supports the responses provided.

The response accurately and thoroughly recommends at least one amendment to the bill that fully supports the position.

40 (40%) – 44 (44%)

Testimony clearly and accurately provides statements that somewhat justifies a position for a health-related bill.

Response provides an accurate explanation of how to address opponents to the position for the health-related bill and may include at least one supporting example.

An accurate synthesis of at least one outside resource is provided. The response integrates at least 1 outside resource and 2-3 course specific resources that may support the responses provided. Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement

The response accurately recommends at least one amendment to the bill that may support the position.

35 (35%) – 39 (39%)

Testimony used to justify a position for a health-related bill is vague or inaccurate.

Explanation of how to address the opponents to the position for the health-related bill is vague or inaccurate, lacks logic, and/or the supporting examples are vague or inaccurate.

A vague or inaccurate synthesis of outside resources is provided. The response minimally integrates resources that may support the responses provided.

The recommendation of an amendment to the bill in support of the position is inaccurate or incomplete.

0 (0%) – 34 (34%)

Testimony used to justify a position for a health-related bill is vague and inaccurate, incomplete, or is missing.

Explanation of how to address the opponents to the position for the health-related bill is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.

A vague and inaccurate synthesis of no outside resources is provided, or is missing. The response fails to integrate any resources to support the responses provided.

The recommendation of an amendment to the bill in support of the position is inaccurate and incomplete, or is missing.

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.

4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.

3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.

0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Total Points: 100 Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Name:  NURS_6050_Module02_Week04_Assignment_Rubric   Legislation Comparison Grid Template Legislation Comparison Grid Template   Use this document to complete Part 1 of the Module 2 Assessment Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement     Health-related Bill Name Lower Health Care Costs Act of 2019 Bill Number S. 1895 Description Introduced and sponsored by Senior Senator for Tennessee on 19 th June 2019, the bill seeks to reduce health care costs through targeting health care coverage and services. It introduces cost-sharing approach for certain emergency and non-emergency services, and prohibits medical practitioners and facilities from billing above the recommended rates. In addition, it limits the pharmacy charges, establishes grant programs, and advocates for information dissemination Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement. Besides that, it seeks to increase the minimum age of purchasing tobacco products from 18 years to 21 years (GovTrack, 2020). Federal or State? Federal Legislative Intent The bill has the intention of reducing health care costs through targeting six specific cost containment measures. Firstly, it introduces a cost sharing requirements for in-network and out-of-networks with specified rates thus ensuring that medical services are accessible at affordable prices. Secondly, it expedites drug approvals, particularly generics and biosimilars thus ensuring that cheaper drugs are availed. Thirdly, it demands accountability at billing with all charges itemized. Fourthly, it limits pharmacy charges/prices. Fifthly, it establishes grant programs. Sixthly, it requires that insurers provide comprehensive information on their costs. In addition, the legislation seeks to raise the minimum age to purchase tobacco products from 18 years to 21 years (GovTrack, 2020). Proponents/ Opponents Proponents: Patients and health advocates who seek to make health care more accessible through reducing costs. Opponents: Health care providers, insurers and tobacco industry whose profit margins may be negatively impacted. Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement Target Population The target population is persons from low income households. The bill reduces health care costs thus making care more accessible. In addition, it targets adolescents and young adults through raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products thus reducing use of such products among the age group. Status of the bill (Is it in hearings or committees? Is it receiving press coverage?) The bill was introduced on 19 th June 2019 for discussion by the Senate Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions committee. They were moved past the committee stage then sent to the House and Senate on 26 th June 2019 and are yet to be discussed and passed (GovTrack, 2020). General Notes/Comments     The bill takes a proactive approach in protecting patients against exploration. It ensures that the costs of medical services are controlled and that patients are aware of what they are paying for and can even conduct cost comparisons to identify where to get the lower costs. The issue of hidden costs is eliminated. In addition, the bill raises the minimum age of purchasing tobacco products thus improving the health of the targeted population (GovTrack, 2020). Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement   Part 2. Legislation testimony/advocacy statement The bill takes an important step is public health through addressing two agendas. The first agenda it addressing is reducing health care costs through eliminating the price controls that health care providers enjoy, and that allows them to exploit patients. It acknowledges that providers have enjoyed independence in setting prices (a hallmark of capitalism), but that this has allowed them to exploit patients. Through setting price caps and introducing cost sharing, the charges that patients incur can be minimized. It specifically targets medical facilities and practitioners through introducing cost sharing rates. In addition, it targets pharmacy services through limiting prices. Besides that, it targets health insurers through demanding transparency thus allowing patients to compare prices and get the best value for their money Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement. Also, it enables federal funds to be spent on grant programs to support data modernization and vaccination. These are all programs that have significant effects on lowering health care costs. Additionally, the bill helps to address population health concerns through raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products with the expectation that smoking incidences among the target group will be considerably reduced (Black, 2019). Opponents of the legislation could argue that the legislation exerts undue control over the health care industry by restraining market practice. Although business entities should be allowed to freely practice, the legislature has the responsibility of protecting the public against exploitation. The current practices allow the health care industry to reap high profits without concern for patients. Through the controls introduces by the legislation, the industry would still report modest profits while ensuring that persons from low income households can accessed lower priced medical services (Black, 2016) Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement. Also, opponents in the tobacco industry could argue that the legislation unfairly targets them since it only controls purchase behavior but does not control use age. Proponents could present the counterargument that although the legislation does not control use, it controls access so that teenagers and young adults find it harder to access tobacco products so that their use is minimized (Milstead & Short, 2019). There is a need to amend the legislation to include provisions that restrict tobacco products use among adolescents and young adults. It is not enough to restructure purchase access as the targeted age group could still access tobacco products through proxies. The control would be more effective by limiting the use age (Black, 2016). References Black, B. (2016). Professional nursing-e-book: concepts & challenges . New York, NY: Elsevier Health Sciences. GovTrack (2020). S. 1895 — 116th Congress: Lower Health Care Costs Act. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s1895 Milstead, J. A. & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: a nurse’s guide (6 th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Legislation Comparison Grid and Testimony/Advocacy Statement.

Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay

As an Advanced nurse practitioners Interprofessional practice requires that health care practitioners recognize that patient outcomes are better when there is a collaborative team approach in addressing patient health issues. Also, there are barriers to interprofessional practice that must be addressed among health care practitioners. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) is an initiative including multiple professions designed to advance interprofessional education so that students entering health care professions are able to view collaboration as the norm and seek collaborative relationships with other providers (IPEC, 2011) Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay.

This week your Discussion will focus on interprofessional practice. This Discussion is an opportunity for you to examine your perspective and experiences with interprofessional collaborative practice and to apply your knowledge to managing patient care.

To prepare:

Identify a professional nursing organization and review their position on interprofessional practice

Review the following case study:

Case Study:

Ms. Tuckerno has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The patient receives care at an internal medicine clinic. Her internist is not in the office today and she is being treated by the nurse practitioner. The patient is on two medications for her MS, three different blood pressure medications, one medication for thyroid disease, one diabetic pill daily, insulin injections twice a day, she uses medical cannabis, and uses eye drops for glaucoma. Upon assessing the patient, the nurse practitioner (NP) decides her treatment plan should be adjusted. The NP discontinues some of the patient’s meds and discontinues medical cannabis. She orders the patient to follow up in two weeks.

The patient returns and is seen by her internist Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay. The internist speaks with the patient and reviews her medical chart. The internist states to the patient, ”I am dissatisfied with the care you received from the nurse practitioner.” The internist places the patient back on originally prescribed medications and medical cannabis.

By Day 3

Post an explanation of your understanding of interprofessional practice. Also, explain the position on interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization that you are a member of or of which you plan to become a member. Then, explain what you think is the best collaborative approach to manage Ms. Tuckerno’s care.

Please utilize the resource and information from the file I upload

 

Explain your understanding of inter-professional practice

Healthcare organizations across the world, the US included, aim at providing high-quality services to patients. Patient satisfaction is one of the driving factors that propel healthcare facilities to pursue` quality service provision (Batbaatar et al., 2017). Additionally, reducing or completely eliminating medical related errors as well as adverse events have seen facilities utilize all possible resources to ensure they do not occur. Further, practices that improve patient outcomes with minimal negative outcomes have been adopted. One such practice is the inclusion of interprofessional collaborative practices (Morgan, Pullon,& McKinlay, 2015) Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay. This practice is widely adopted in different healthcare facilities offering diverse services. No one professional is capable of attending to a patient solely; thus, a practitioner needs to collaborate with others in the field for the best possible patient outcomes. Further, besides the collaboration between practitioners, patient contribution and participation is necessary for comprehensive care to be provided. Patient involvement in has been shown to result in better outcomes. One such benefit is that it allows the patient to be informed on their illness, treatment options, and with this information, a patient can make autonomous decisions that would result in their improved health status (Sacchi et al., 2015). Hence, an interprofessional practice can be defined as the collaboration process where healthcare practitioners work together with other professionals who are not in the same field of practice as they are and also with the patients and their kin in improving the care quality offered to the patient (Morgan et al. 2015) Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay.

Explain the position on interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization that you are a member of or of which you plan to become a member.

At my place of work (oncology clinic), a lot of importance is given to interprofessional practice. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world with no known cure. The nature of the disease calls for research and experimental treatment regimens to be adopted in an attempt to improve patients’ lives. When treating cancer, the patient often wants to be given numerous alternatives in managing the illness. Some patients are willing to try out new treatment regimens while others seek for non-traditional methods of cancer management Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay. In some cases, some patients will willingly undergo surgery while some will opt for other alternatives that have a possibility of shrinking tumors such as radiotherapy, herbal options, and mind meditation, among others.

In line with respecting patient autonomy, the oncology clinic will often give the patient all the information they need as regards the different treatment options. With this information, a patient can make a decision which the oncologist embarks on implementing. It’s at this point that interprofessional collaboration comes into play depending on the choices made by the patient and their kin. The different professionals that make up the treatment management team rely on frequent, clear, and interactive communication. Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay This is because communication is key in ensuring that each team member is at par with regards to the patient’s progress, the current treatment plan, and the wishes of the patient. That said the team working collaboratively discusses a patient’s progress using diverse channels including real-time conferencing, shared patient electronic records, and face-to-face meetings. Additionally, all decisions made by the care team are run through the patient to ensure that the patient is always informed on the next steps to be taken as well as to give the patient a progress report on their health status.

Explain what you think is the best collaborative approach to manage Ms. Tuckerno’s care.

Regarding Ms. Tuckerno’s case, lack of communication on what makes for ideal care can cause negative effects on the patient. The internist used her expertise to prescribe the medication as she did. However, the NP was of a different opinion and discontinued some of the drugs effectively changing the patient’s treatment plan. In a fortnight, the patient was re-prescribed the prescriptions. The cessation of medication and subsequent reintroduction can result in the patient building resistance to the drugs thus rendering them ineffective once re-introduced. This will require alternative, stronger doses of the medication which could have adverse negative effects on the patient’s health outcomes (Shah, 2015) Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay.

A collaborative approach to caring for Ms. Tuckerno is critical if the healthcare professionals want to avoid lawsuits following adverse negative outcomes from their prescription choices. With collaboration, the NP and internist, as well as the patient, will come up with a care plan that will offer the best outcomes for the patient (Bareil et al., 2015). Further, a collaborative approach will ensure that the patient is not confused as regards how and when to take her medication. When the patient follows an agreed-upon treatment plan, she will be in a better position to report any side effects and the care team will have an easier time resolving the side effects issues. Finally, collaboration between the NP and internist will allow for the two to share information, skills, and knowledge. Doing so will improve on decision making, easier monitoring of the patient, as well as the opportunity to carry out farther focused research, all of which will improve patient outcomes Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay.

References

Bareil, C., Duhamel, F., Lalonde, L., Goudreau, J., Hudon, É., Lussier, M. T., … & Lalonde, G. (2015). Facilitating implementation of interprofessional collaborative practices into primary care: A trilogy of driving forces. 
Journal of Healthcare Management
, 
60
(4), 287-300.

Batbaatar, E., Dorjdagva, J., Luvsannyam, A., Savino, M. M., & Amenta, P. (2017). Determinants of patient satisfaction: a systematic review. 
Perspectives in public health
, 
137
(2), 89-101.

Morgan, S., Pullon, S., & McKinlay, E. (2015). Observation of interprofessional collaborative practice in primary care teams: an integrative literature review. 
International journal of nursing studies
, 
52
(7), 1217-1230.

Sacchi, L., Lanzola, G., Viani, N., & Quaglini, S. (2015). Personalization and patient involvement in decision support systems: current trends. 
Yearbook of medical informatics
, 
24
(01), 106-118.

Shah, P. (2015). Symptomatic management in multiple sclerosis. 
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
, 
18
(Suppl 1), S35. Interprofessional practice for a professional nursing organization essay.

Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Practicum Journal

Being a reflective practitioner enables NPs to identify weaknesses and target professional development in order to address these weaknesses. In turn, this increases the NPs’ ability to provide the best care to patients and their families. Reflection also affords the NP time to consider communication and their efforts toward creating a culture of mutual support with colleagues, a characteristic that is essential to successful NP practice (Somerville & Keeling, 2004).

Each week you will complete a Journal Entry and Time Log that prompts you to reflect on your Practicum Experiences and how they relate to your Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills. This week you will begin documenting your Practicum Experiences in your Practicum Journal. Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Practicum Journal.

Patient:

18 year old female. She presents with UTI symptoms.

Diagnosis: Acute cystitis and Treatment with Macrobid.

I will upload my paper to correlate improvement with

 

Patient Report

An 18-year-old patient presented at the healthcare facility with recurrent UTI. The female patient had a two-year history of the said infection. She has had 10 negative cultures and 2 positive ones. The patient has had some relief on several occasions following antibiotic courses. Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Practicum Journal Sometimes the drugs have not had the desired effect.

She presented for a continuous episode that had lasted a fortnight with incidences of urine frequency every half hour to one hour, continuous urge to urinate, voiding at least four times before sleeping and at night time she reports waking up thrice. She experiences bladder fullness, suprapubic pain, and significant dysuria. The patient did not report any episodes of incontinence Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Practicum Journal. She described the infection as a flare and as had similar symptoms but of lesser intensity, daily, within the last two years.

Additionally, the patient said she has had a sexual partner for the last two years though she admits that sexual activity is an uncomfortable occurrence for her. The patient is also a heavy smoker (half a pack a day). The patient did not report any remarkable medical history or chronic condition. The physical examination revealed an anterior vaginal wall and an SP region that was tender. The urinalysis under the high power field showed 5-10 white blood cells and 1-3 red blood cells.

Discussion

The patient was diagnosed with cystitis. Of paramount importance was smoking cessation and the patient was advised on the importance of smoking cessation (Kullmann, 2017). I gave the patient reading material on the health risks of smoking, where to get help and some of the immediate actions that can be taken in seeking cessation. I also educated the patient on painful bladder syndrome and its treatment. In this situation, the patient’s level of knowledge and awareness play an important role in recovery. I advised the patient to take additional measures such as stress reduction, regular exercise, modification of diet, and avoiding irritants including douches, diaphragm use and condom use by her partner (Kavuma, 2017). Also, I advised the patient to seek alternative contraceptive methods. Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Practicum Journal.

Additionally, I asked the patient to book an appointment with the physiotherapist for pelvic floor exercises (Kavuma, 2017). A pelvic examination and local cystoscopy showed that the bladder was normal. The patient was put on an extended course of antibiotics specifically, nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) and pyridium (phenazoyridine) for 2-3 weeks as a way of ruling out an infectious etiology because of the recurrent UTI (Daniel, Schulten, & Herndon, 2018) Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Practicum Journal.

Nursing risk assessment Practicum Journal entry and Time Log essay paper

Each week you will complete a Practicum Journal entry and Time Log that prompts you to reflect on and document your Practicum Experiences.

Practicum Journal

Continue documenting your Practicum Experiences in your Practicum Journal. Reflect on your practicum experiences and relate them to your Professional Goals and Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills that you identified in Week 1.

I will upload my risk assessment paper to go off of and the patient will need to be 29 year old female. She presents with cough. Diagnosis isseasonal allergic rhinitis Nursing risk assessment Practicum Journal entry and Time Log essay paper

MEDICATIONS: I have prescribed Cetirizine and a steroid nasal spray ( Flonase ).

RECOMMENDATIONS given include: keeping pets outdoors if possible, frequent bathing of household pets, using plastic pillow and mattress covers, avoiding smoke from outdoor burning, avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke, and Nasal toilet instructions given. Saline washes, keep nose clean and dry..

FOLLOW-UP: Advised to call if there is no improvement in 7 day(s).

Please correlate to my risk assessment paper that I will upload Nursing risk assessment Practicum Journal entry and Time Log essay paper

Practicum Experiences

Name

Course

Institution

Practicum Journal

Subjective Data

The patient, Mrs. Taylor, was aged 29 years. At the presentation, the patient had a cough. The patient lived with her husband and two sons aged 10 and 6, respectively. The patient had no history of smoking, but her husband was a chain smoker. The patient admitted to living with two cats and a poodle. She has actively involved in the development of a flower garden with numerous scented flowers as part of her hobby. Her pet’s magazine had compelled her to take care of the pets. Nursing risk assessment Practicum Journal entry and Time Log essay paper.

Diagnosis

Physical examination of the patient, including the eyes, nose, skin, and temperature, was conducted. Following the assessment of her symptoms and environment, the patient was diagnosed with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Apart from coughing, she experienced general weakness and running nose. The common cold was ruled-out since she did not experience any fever (Scadding, Kariyawasam, Scadding, Mirakian, Buckley, Dixon, & Nasser, 2017).

Medication

A prescription of 10mg cetirizine was made for medication. The patient was advised to come back to the hospital after taking the drugs for three days without improvement. The patient was instructed to take one tablet twice a day. Furthermore, (Flonase), a steroid nasal spray was given to assist in unblocking the nasal airways (Hosseini, Wei, Wilkins Jr, Fergusson, Mohammadi, Vorona, & Golshahi, 2019) Nursing risk assessment Practicum Journal entry and Time Log essay paper.

Recommendations

Since seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with the environment, the following recommendations were made to improve the healing process;

Keeping pets outdoors, if possible.

Frequent bathing of household pets.

Using a plastic pillow and mattress covers

Avoiding smoke from outdoor burning

Avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke.

Nasal toilet instructions were given.

Saline washes, keep the nose clean and dry.

Follow-Up

A follow-up call was scheduled 7 days to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. The patient was also instructed to call the hospital within 7 days of medication if the symptoms would not have improved (Ceylan, Cingi, Özdemir, Kücüksezer, & Akdis, 2020) Nursing risk assessment Practicum Journal entry and Time Log essay paper.

 

References

Ceylan, M. E., Cingi, C., Özdemir, C., Kücüksezer, U. C., & Akdis, C. A. (2020).

Pathophysiology of Allergic Rhinitis. In All Around the Nose (pp. 261-296). Springer, Cham.

Hosseini, S., Wei, X., Wilkins Jr, J. V., Fergusson, C. P., Mohammadi, R., Vorona, G., &

Golshahi, L. (2019). In Vitro Measurement of Regional Nasal Drug Delivery with Flonase,® Flonase® Sensimist,™ and MAD Nasal™ in Anatomically Correct Nasal Airway Replicas of Pediatric and Adult Human Subjects. Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery, 32(6), 374-385.

Scadding, G. K., Kariyawasam, H. H., Scadding, G., Mirakian, R., Buckley, R. J., Dixon, T., …

& Nasser, S. M. (2017). BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017; 2007). Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 47(7), 856-889. Nursing risk assessment Practicum Journal entry and Time Log essay paper.

NURS 6565 Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Essay

NURS 6565: Synthesis in Advanced Practice Care of Complex Patients in Primary Care Settings

 

Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills

Nurse practitioners require essential clinical skills in order to competently practice as nurses. Risk Control Self-Assessment Checklist for Nurse Practitioners is a tool used by nurse practitioners to examine risk exposures allied to their current practice. Therefore, the tool can help nurse practitioners to identify their areas of weaknesses and strengths and thus improve on their weakness NURS 6565 Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Essay. This purpose of this paper is to evaluate and plan for strengths and weaknesses, to assist in my development as a nurse practitioner.

Strengths

My strengths include reliability, honesty and integrity, and utilizing evidence-based research for patient care. I consider the use of evidence-based research for patient care my greatest strength because an evidence-based practice has been shown to improve care and lead to improved care outcomes (Correa-de-Araujo, 2016). I plan to regularly conduct research in order to identify the latest evidence and apply it in my practice.

Reliability is also my area of strength. I am able to fulfill obligations reliably and responsibly and I follow through on my assigned duties. In addition, I always comply with policies and regulations NURS 6565 Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Essay. I plan to always behave consistently and fulfill all my duties dependably.

Additionally, I always uphold honesty and integrity. Honesty and integrity are some core values that nurses should uphold in practice so that they can provide the best quality of care to patients (Poorchangizi et al., 2019).  I always do my best to uphold integrity and honesty by following policies, practices, codes, and guidelines established by various professional bodies and my workplace. I plan to continue adhering to the set rules and regulations in any organization I work in and also follow the codes of practice set by the relevant professional bodies.

Weaknesses

My major weaknesses encompass communicating with physicians, time management, and lack of clinical experience. Regarding communication, I experience communication interruption when interacting with physicians. The hierarchies involved when it comes to communication with physicians further complicate the issue. Effective communication between physicians and nurses is vital for the quality and safety of patient care (Vermeir et al., 2015). I plan to improve my communication with physicians by using structured communication tools such as ISBAR. NURS 6565 Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Essay.

Time management is another major weakness I often experience. There is difficulty with   timely completion of all my assigned patients and fulfilling the charting duties.   With only fifteen-minute slots, there are times visits can turn in to more than one issue and then I may experience delays. I plan to improve on my weaknesses by planning and scheduling my activities and duties accordingly with time allotted. I also plan to keep on a focused track when talking with patients.

Finally, I discovered that a lack of clinical experience is another major weakness. This weakness is attributable to the fact that I have not practiced in my specialty. Therefore, I plan to improve on this by engaging in clinical skills relevant to my specialty and learning from my seniors and other experienced practitioners in the field. With this, I will gain the necessary clinical experience NURS 6565 Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Essay.

Needed Clinical Skills

The three clinical skills I need to obtain before exiting the program include effective communication skills; complete comprehensive and accurate assessment for patients; and provision of patient education. I plan to master communication skills by practicing effective communication skills such as active listening, using appropriate body language, interacting with my peers respectfully, and being empathic during communications. For assessment, I plan to regularly perform patient assessment and seek advice from my senior when necessary. Finally, I plan to seek advice from my mentor on how to perform effective patient education and practice whenever possible.

History of Advanced Practice Nurses

The inception of the role of advanced practice nurses started in the 1960s when nurse practitioners were identified as being essential in order to serve a combination of needs. During this period, there was a shortage of physicians especially in the rural areas and hence the role of advanced practice nurses was seen to be essential to meet the health needs of underserved rural residents and others who are unable to access care (Hu & Forgeron, 2018).

The role of the family nurse practitioner (FNP) was first introduced within early 1970s. The role of the FNP was among the first nurse practitioner programs developed at the University of Washington within 1971. This role started when it was established that the primary healthcare was not meeting the immediate health needs of Americans and later health institutions were funded to introduce family practice programs NURS 6565 Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Essay. The role of the FNP was planned to meet the growing rates of chronic problems like diabetes and to serve the needs of the vulnerable and underserved populations. Family nurse practitioners provide numerous acute, preventative, and chronic healthcare services within the community (Hu & Forgeron, 2018).

As an advanced nurse practitioner, I plan to contribute to policy development and introduce reform in healthcare. I plan to advocate for improved care supported by the latest research evidence. As an FNP, I plan to use research evidence to manage chronic diseases, and coordinate care provided specialty physicians accordingly.

References

Correa-de-Araujo R. (2016). Evidence-Based Practice in the United States: Challenges, Progress, and Future Directions.
Health care for women international
,
37
(1), 2–22.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2015.1102269
.

Hu, J., & Forgeron, P. (2018). Thinking, educating, acting: Developing advanced practice nursing.
International journal of nursing sciences
,
5
(2), 99–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.04.006.

Poorchangizi, B., Borhani, F., Abbaszadeh, A.
et al.
(2019). The importance of professional values from nursing students’ perspectives.
BMC Nurs
, 18(26).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0351-1
.

Vermeir, P., Vandijck, D., Degroote, S., Peleman, R., Verhaeghe, R., Mortier, E., Hallaert, G., Van Daele, S., Buylaert, W., & Vogelaers, D. (2015). Communication in healthcare: a narrative review of the literature and practical recommendations.
International journal of clinical practice
,
69
(11), 1257–1267.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12686
.

Woo, B., Lee, J., & Tam, W. (2017). The impact of the advanced practice nursing role on the quality of care, clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost in the emergency and critical care settings: a systematic review.
Human resources for health
,
15
(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-017-0237-9. NURS 6565 Self-Assessment of Clinical Skills Essay

Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) Liability and Risk Management Essay

Liability and Risk Management

How Organizations Identify and Minimize Risks

Risks associated with the reliability of APNs are identified using different methods such as analyzing patient satisfaction, competencies of APNs, rates of medical errors, attitudes of APNs towards work, as well as nurse-patient relationships. Healthcare institutions have a plethora of methods to mitigate/minimize the potential risks associated with the professionalism and liability of APNs. Firstly, Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) are highly trained in the medical and nursing fields. These healthcare professionals have either masters or Ph.D. in nursing. The healthcare institutions ensure that it recruits highly qualified and experienced APNs who have the relevant skills and expertise in specific fields (Joel, 2017).

Effective Risk Management Strategies

The internal management of the staff via robust human resources management is essential in enhancing the performance of the APNs to reduce the risks associated with the reliability of the nurses. Therefore, the APNs are well managed to enhance their involvement in creating a conducive working environment that is free from factors such as nurse-burnout, demotivation, and poor communication. Therefore, regular reports concerning the trends in the factors mentioned above assist in minimizing the risks. The improvement is of the internal environment such that the APNs work in favorable environments assists in reducing the risks. Other strategies include the provision of the right equipment, medical supplies, as well as technology. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) Liability and Risk Management Essay

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How APNs Help in Risk Management in their Practice

The APNs are governed by various protocols such that each person is responsible for his or her wrongs. In this manner, the hospitals have the ethics and professionalism boards that set the rules and regulations within the hospital. Such boards ensure the APNs act ethically and morally while making nursing/medication decisions. Therefore, errors in medication, diagnosis, prescription, or handling of the patient are minimized. Thus, APNs minimize risks by working within the allowed ethical and professional guidelines. The application of evidence bases practice (EBP) assists in the improvement of their performance and reliability (Coffey, 2019).

References

Coffey, S. (2019). Reducing Liability and Risk for the Advanced Practice Nurse Part 2. 
AAACN

              Viewpoint
, 
41
(5), 14-13.

Joel, L. A. (2017). 
Advanced practice nursing: Essentials for role development
. FA Davis.

 

 

Discussion for Module 9 – Liability and Risk Management

No unread replies. No replies.

Answer the following questions in the specific context of your health system and the settings you have told us where APNs will be working: Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) Liability and Risk Management Essay

How your organization should identify and minimize the potential risks regarding professional liability for APNs?

Discuss specific strategies or actions the APN can utilize to ensure effective risk management.

Discuss how APNs will maintain standards of care to as they practice throughout your organization. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) Liability and Risk Management Essay

Grand Canyon University, PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care Week one

Based on the required topic study materials, write a reflection about worldview and respond to following:

In 250-300 words, explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of postmodern relativism within health care.

In 250-300 words, explain what 
scientism
is and describe two of the main arguments against it. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

In 750-1,000 words, answer each of the worldview questions according to your own personal perspective and worldview:

What is ultimate reality?

What is the nature of the universe?

What is a human being?

What is knowledge?

What is your basis of ethics?

What is the purpose of your existence?

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Remember to support your reflection with the topic study materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

You are required to
submit this assignment
to LopesWrite. Refer to the 
LopesWrite Technical Support articles
 for assistance.

RUBRIC

Due Date:
 
15-Mar-2020 at 11:59:59 PM

Maximum Points: 
100.0

Ethical and spiritual decision making in health care

Part 1: Explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of postmodern relativism within health care

Christianity offers a religious perspective on the nature of ethics and spirituality. It contends that spirituality is the religious and theological prism that explains the notion of God in terms of who, what and how. God is perceived as the eternal and all-powerful being above everything and everyone. With the understanding of God as a concept, Christians have developed belief systems that are presented in the Bible. These belief systems explain the purpose of human life, and the truth as well as the meaning of life. With this awareness, humans can pursue and achieve a transcendent state for all life experiences. This means that even as humans make choices about life, spirituality ensures that they remaining grounded in following God’s guidance. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care. In addition, it makes Christian more accepting of life since there is the acceptance that God guides all fate and anything that happens must have been permitted by God, whether good or bad. As such, spirituality takes on theological and symbolic functions (Igboin, 2015). Besides that, Christians view ethics as making a decision based on God’s instructions as presented in the Bible. They rely on spirituality to conform to God’s expectation without room for ambiguity. The Christian perspective of spirituality and ethics have implications for health care through guiding with decision-making by setting boundaries for accepting choices/options when making decisions. They are particularly focused on lessening human suffering, augmenting wellbeing, and restoring life (Igboin, 2015).

Postmodern relativism presents a more liberal understanding of spirituality, arguing that there is no absolute truth. It is ambiguous when arguing that God may or may not exist with either one of the options being a possibility. Similarly, with regards to ethics, postmodern relativism contents that contrasting ethical arguments could be valid or invalid with no absolute truth. The implication is that no single argument should be discarded simply because it is contradictory. The postmodern relativism perspective is particularly useful to health care since it supports multicultural care delivery through accepting diversity. With this awareness, medical personnel would acknowledge that they do not have a monopoly on the truth about spirituality and ethics, and that obscure cultures should not be ignored (Zavada, 2019).

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Part 2: Explain what scientism is and describe two of the main arguments against it

Scientism contends that hard sciences are the only true source of absolute truths and genuine knowledge thus positioning them to offer superior scientific knowledge. It identifies hard sciences as the subjects relying on experimentation and laws of nature to include physics, biology and physics. The hard sciences rely on factual, replicable and testable data thus making their results reliable. Unlike hard sciences, soft sciences are considered as pseudosciences that present guesses and conjectures that are subject to change that may not be replicable thus making them inferior to hard science. The distinction between hard and soft sciences is based on the perceived value of the information they provide. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care. Hard sciences offer more valuable information since they rely on objective skepticism, experimentation, and falsification to offer explanatory principles. On the other hand, soft sciences rely on subjectivism thereby presenting opportunities for influences from human nature such that it is not uncommon to have contrasting ideas for the same principle (Moreland, 2018). In this respect, scientism identifies hard sciences as having greater intellectual authority over real knowledge when compared to soft sciences.

There are two main arguments offered against scientism. Firstly, hard sciences do not offer absolute truths and facts since they are restructured by the current understanding of the environment and measuring instruments. Things that were previously thought of as absolute truths in hard sciences are not subject to change as new information is presented. This means that information presented by both soft and hard sciences are subject to change over time. Secondly, hard sciences have adopted a tyrannical approach that is over-reliant on rationalism while disregarding personal opinion. These tyrannical approaches end up stifling willful thought that is important for discovering new information, and yet this is important for advancing science. Soft sciences have adopted a more accepting approach that allows for willful thought (Briggs, 2019).

Part 3.

(a) What is ultimate reality?

Ultimate reality is the belief that every individual is the product of interactions with the environment. I am the product of nurture, and my environment determines how I develop into a person. My family, neighborhood, community, city, state, government and other environmental factors have all influenced my development through determining my values, mannerism and thought processes. For instance, I would be more accepting of polygamy if I were a Muslim and less accepting if I were a Christian since the two religious principles differ on their perceptions of number of partners in a valid marriage. As such, ultimate reality looks at how experience affects reasons as well as decision-making and life perceptions. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care.

(b) What is the nature of the universe?

The nature of the universe is that it is always experiencing change with the most basic change being time. The universe relies on energy to drive the change with the extent and direction of change relying on the prioritization processes determined by competition, extinction, evolution, and energy conversion. Competition involves struggle to acquire the scarce energy resources. Extinction involves removal of components that are unable to compete either through direct competition or disaster events. Evolution involves adapting to environmental changes that allow for a better fit. Energy conversion involves changes between the different forms of energy that begins with solar energy being captured by plants.

(c) What is a human being?

A human being can be defined from two perspectives. The first definition is from the religious perspective that identifies God as the creator of human beings. The Christian story of creation advances that humans were created by God in his image with the intention of them to procreate and do his will that includes taking care of other creations and following the Ten Commandments. The second definition is from the biological perspective that identifies humans as products of evolution who have selectively adapted to develop higher thought processes that allows them to adapt the environment to their needs. The higher thought process has allowed humans to develop complex languages and vocabulary, technology and clothes that allow them to use the environment beyond their physical capabilities.

(d) What is knowledge?

Knowledge refers to the unique sets of facts, information, and skills that an individual cognitively acquires through experience and education. Experience involves practice to familiarize with knowledge while education involves attending formal and informal processes to acquire theoretical knowledge. Knowledge allows individuals to have capacity thought processes. For instance, an individual knowledgeable in engineering is able to successfully manage a construction project while an individual knowledgeable in medicine is able to diagnose and treat ailments.

(e) What is your basis of ethics?

My perception of ethics is based on two concepts. The first concept is personal opinion, beliefs and awareness to determine moral right and wrong. This is based on what the environment has taught me. For instance, I personally believe that every person should do honest work to earn a living, and that stealing is wrong. Regardless of my environment and laws, I would find it difficult to steal. The second concept is public principles and beliefs. Although I may have personal beliefs, they may not necessarily match the public beliefs that are determined through public discussions and consensus. For instance, there are ethical principles on how to handle private information within the professional environment, and regardless of my personal beliefs, I am expected to follow the principles. The two concepts interact to determine how I handle ethical situations.

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(f) What is the purpose of your existence?

I have two purposes for existing. My first purpose is to procreate and bring up future generations. This includes getting married, having children, working to earn money, and meeting the needs of my family. Also, it includes taking care of my environment so that my future generations do not suffer for my mistakes. My second purpose is to fulfil God’s will through observing religious principles such as observing the Ten Commandments, and acting in good conscious. I believe that I was created by God to serve, and I only have value for as long as I serve.  As such, my purpose is to procreate, present a better world for future generations, and fulfil God’s will.

References

Briggs, W. (2019).
In opposition to scientism
. Retrieved from https://wmbriggs.com/post/26885/

Igboin, B. (2015). Spirituality and medical practice: a Christian perspective.
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
, 12(4). DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2015.054. Retrieved from http://ijme.in/articles/spirituality-and-medical-practice-a-christian-perspective/?galley=html PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

Moreland, J. (2018).
What is scientism?
Retrieved from https://www.crossway.org/articles/what-is-scientism/

Zavada, J. (2019).
Postmodernism definition
. Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/what-is-postmodernism-700692

 

PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care Week 2

Based on “Case Study: Fetal Abnormality” and other required topic study materials, write a 750-1,000-word reflection that answers the following questions:

What is the Christian view of the nature of human persons, and which theory of moral status is it compatible with? How is this related to the intrinsic human value and dignity?

Which theory or theories are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? What from the case study specifically leads you to believe that they hold the theory you selected?

How does the theory determine or influence each of their recommendations for action?

What theory do you agree with? Why? How would that theory determine or influence the recommendation for action?

Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the 
LopesWrite Technical Support articles
 for assistance.

RUBRIC

Attempt Start Date:
 
16-Mar-2020 at 12:00:00 AM

Due Date:
 
22-Mar-2020 at 11:59:59 PM

Maximum Points: 
200.0

Ethical and spiritual decision making

What is the Christian view of the nature of human persons, and which theory of moral status is it compatible with? How is this related to the intrinsic human value and dignity?

The Christian view advances that God created the universe and everything within it. The creation of humans was not arbitrary, and instead it was purposeful with humans being the perfect image of God. This explains why humans have the capacity for higher thought and enjoy dominion over all other creations. Within this purposeful creation, every creation (including humans) has an intrinsic value. God’s purpose was that every creation should enjoy perfect justice and live. The purpose of creating human beings was to serve and love God in order to bring about the glorious creation plan. The Christian faith proclaims that all human life is sacred, and that the intrinsic dignity in every person is the foundation of the ethical/moral vision for the human society. The implication is that every human being has intrinsic value by virtue of being a human created by God. This value is not conferred by humans. Rather, it is a quality prior to being human (Heinrichs, Oser & Lovat, 2013).

The Christian view on the nature of human persons is aligned with Kantian Ethics, which postulates that human dignity is a status that humans enjoy simply by being humans, and it places the life of humans above all other creations. The implication is that it is an obligation placed on humans to recognize the status of other humans and respect that status as the foundation for all acts of justice (Potter et al., 2018).

Which theory or theories are being used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, and Dr. Wilson to determine the moral status of the fetus? What from the case study specifically leads you to believe that they hold the theory you selected?

The four individuals apply different theories when determining the moral status of the fetus. Firstly, Maria applied the Divine Command Theory when she makes her arguments. She is insistent that God exists and asks Jessica to join her in prayer even as she engages the prayer services of a priest through the phone. In essence, she believes in the existence of God and that there is a divine plan which humans only need to follow as part of God’s will. Also, she believes that every life has value and even the unborn fetus is a life that should enjoy the same rights as other persons. Her belief in God’s will guides her in advising Jessica to keep the pregnancy. As such, Maria bases the status of the fetus on the Christian perspective and believes in doing as God commanded with regards to respecting all life and not killing (Gensler, 2016).

Secondly, Jessica applied Ethical Egoism Theory. The theory allows her to focus on pursuing self-interests. She is worried about her financial situation and feels that she is not ready for the responsibility of taking care of a baby. She is interested in achieving financial stability, and adding an unplanned child would end up derailing her plans through adding to her expenses. Given that she is interested in achieving financial stability, she believes that her best option is to get rid of the fetus so as not to add to her expenses (Gensler, 2016).

Thirdly, Marco applied Virtue Ethics Theory. He bases his ideas of right and wrong on the people around him. He is seeking to do good by Jessica, understands that the child will derail her plans. He is keen on protecting Jessica and feels that bad news should been presented when she is well prepared to receive such news in order to reduce the shock. He is keen on protecting his wife and meeting her needs, and appears less concerned about whether or not the child lives (Gensler, 2016).

Fourthly, Dr. Wilson applied Kantian Ethical Theory. His idea of right and wrong is based on rational thought whereby she applies a cost-benefit analysis to determine the best decision. As a doctor, he understands his position as an impartial party who has a professional duty and obligation to present accurate and truthful information to the patients to allow them make the best decisions. He is keen on presenting the family with comprehensive information ot allow them make informed decisions about the fetus (Gensler, 2016).

How does the theory determine or influence each of their recommendations for action?

The ethical theories applied have influenced the decisions that each one of the four individuals made. Maria applied the Divine Command Theory, and this influenced her to rely on God’s instructions. She seeks interpretation of God’s instructions from a priest and prays in order to get guidance. She believes that Jessica’s pregnancy is the will of God and that she should never consider a termination. Jessica’s recommendations are guided by Ethical Egoism Theory. She has objectives and is keen on pursuing them. She looks at the fetus as a stumbling block in the pursuit of her personal objectives, and believes that she is best served by eliminating the stumbling block. Marco’s recommendations are guided by Virtue Ethics Theory. He is keen on supporting Jessica in pursuing her dreams, and does not want to distress her. He recommends that Jessica should be informed about the case at a time when she has been well primed to receive the information without suffering a shock. Dr. Wilson’s recommendations are guided by Kantian Ethical Theory. He accepts his professional responsibilities as a physician and recommends that the family should make an informed decision after acquiring and evaluating all the information pertaining to the case (Gensler, 2016).

What theory do you agree with? Why? How would that theory determine or influence the recommendation for action?

I agree with Kantian Ethical Theory. Maria, Jessica and Marco make recommendations without first collecting all the information. This implies that they did not make informed recommendations. Kantian ethics requires that they first collect all the information pertaining to the case, and that they should always respect human life. Whichever decision the family makes, it is only right that the decision should be made after evaluating all the associated information.

References

Gensler, H. (2016).
Ethics and religion
. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Heinrichs, K., Oser, F. & Lovat, T. (2013).
Handbook of moral motivation: theories, models, and applications
. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Potter, P., Perry, A., Stockert, P., Hall, A. & Castaldi, P. (2018).
Study guide for essentials for nursing practice
. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care Week 3

This assignment will incorporate a common practical tool in helping clinicians begin to ethically analyze a case. Organizing the data in this way will help you apply the four principles of principlism.

Based on the “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” and other required topic study materials, you will complete the “Applying the Four Principles: Case Study” document that includes the following:

Part 1: Chart 

This chart will formalize principlism and the four-boxes approach by organizing the data from the case study according to the relevant principles of biomedical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.

Part 2: Evaluation

This part includes questions, to be answered in a total of 500 words, that describe how principalism would be applied according to the Christian worldview.

Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the 
LopesWrite Technical Support articles
 for assistance.

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Attachments
PHI-413V-RS-T3ApplyingFourPrinciplesCaseStudy.docx

Attempt Start Date:
 
23-Mar-2020 at 12:00:00 AM

Due Date:
 
29-Mar-2020 at 11:59:59 PM

Maximum Points: 
150.0

Applying the Four Principles: Case Study

Part 1: Chart (60 points)

Based on the “Healing and Autonomy” case study, fill out all the relevant boxes below. Provide the information by means of bullet points or a well-structured paragraph in the box. Gather as much data as possible.

 

Medical Indications

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Patient Preferences

Autonomy

·         James is suck and suffers from an acute case of kidney failure.

·         His care was delayed as his parents relied on faith and took him away from hospital.

·         His condition has worsened following the delayed treatment.

·         He requires regular dialysis in order to continue surviving.

·         He requires a healthy kidney transplant in order to conclusively address his condition with no reoccurrence or continued kidney difficulties.

·         James’ twin brother (Samuel) could be an ideal organ transplant match, and could be a donor for the transplant surgery.

·         James getting well so that his kidney is no longer diseased.

·         Rely on the power of religious faith to heal James, and not rely on medical treatment.

·         Not having to harvest the organ from Samuel for James. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

Quality of Life

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy

Contextual Features

Justice and Fairness

·         James’ situation appears grim since he currently relies on regular dialysis and will continue this reliance unless he can get a healthy kidney transplant.

·         His condition initially loosened but has stabilized following the regular dialysis.

·         His parents feel it is appropriate to consult him on whether to explore the surgery option and if Samuel can be considered as a donor since they feel that he has a say in the issue, and their previous decision to withdraw him from treatment worsened the medical condition.

·         The parents are questioning their decisions, and whether it caused the medical condition to worsen.

·         The parents are questioning if their faith was not enough or if they were meant to seek medical treatment for James and that their procrastination had worsened the condition.

·         They are exploring the possibility of faith working, and are continuing with faith-based approaches alongside medical intervention.

 

 

Part 2: Evaluation

Answer each of the following questions about how principlism would be applied:

In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, which of the four principles is most pressing in this case? Explain why. (45 points)

According to the Christian worldview, the most pressing principle in the present case is medical indication. James is in a precarious situation. His medical condition has worsened and he has become increasingly reliant on regular dialysis. He can only get off the dialysis by receiving a kidney transplant. He is likely to die if he stops receiving dialysis and does not get a healthy kidney. The Bible supports this view by indicating that the most important value for any Christian is to love himself/herself and to love others with the same measure. In this case, love applies to meeting all the associated needs of the individual, a value that every Christian must apply. For that matter, loving an individual involves providing the basic needs that include food, clothing, shelter and medical care. For the persons who are without food, loving them implies providing food, and for those who are sick, loving them involving relieving the sickness. James is sick and loving him would involve providing healing, something that could only proceed after medical indication. The medical facility and personnel are specifically prepared to determine and provide James’ health care needs. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care. This means that it is present that have James follow the advice offered by medical personnel who are uniquely primed to provide the healing he needs. Providing medical care implies loving James as indicated in the Bible (James 5:14, KJV). Besides that, Jesus Christ was a healer in the Bible, and there are stories of him healing the sick. This validates medical care as it can be argued that since Christ was a physician, then medicine should be accepted by Christians (Mark 8:2, KJV; Matthew 25:36, KJV). In addition, the Bible asks that Christians provide relief for everyone who is suffering. James is suffering with failing kidney and there is a high possibility of his condition worsening if he does not receive the appropriate medical care. Receiving medical care will alleviate his diseased condition, relieve the suffering, and provide healing (Matthew 25:40, KJV). Overall, the most pressing principle is medical indication since there is a need to understanding James’ health condition and provide the appropriate healing.

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In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, how might a Christian rank the priority of the four principles? Explain why. (45 points)

According to the Christian worldview, medical indication should be prioritized among the four principles. The Christian religion attaches much importance to compassion and love, especially for the vulnerable persons who are unable to take care of themselves and need care from others. Christianity does not allow for unnecessary suffering, something that must be controlled since James is experiencing unnecessary suffering. James has failing kidneys and they are causing him to suffer unnecessarily, and yet medical care can alleviate his condition (Matthew 22:39, KJV; 1 John 4:7, KJV). The second principle in the order of priority is the quality of life. James is heavily dependent on dialysis to continue surviving. This implies that he has a low quality of life and he could lose his life if the situation continues. Christians have an obligation to apply proportional measures to improve the quality of life of those who are sick and suffering (Igboin, 2015). Although Christianity allows for suffering as a part of life, it does not allow for unnecessary suffering. Just means should always be used to relieve unnecessary suffering. Life is given by God and it is right that James suffering should be relieved. Using medical care is a just means for relieving James’ suffering and improving his quality of life. The third principle in the order of priority is patient preference. James must always be allowed to make decisions involving his life. Christianity advocates for freewill, and states that every person will be judged for his/her actions. The decision about medical care should be left to James with the appropriate advice provided so that he is enabled to make an informed decision (Carden, 2013; Newton, 2015). The fourth principle in the order of priority is contextual features. That is because they inform the prevailing situation. Irrespective of whether or not questions about faith are presented, the situation demands that an urgent decision be made about James’ care. He is suffering and needs medical attention in order to alleviate his situation. The medical personnel can only offer advice and information to facilitate informed decision making *Heinrichs, Oser & Lovat, 2013). PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care.

 

References:

Carden, P. (2013).
Rose Bible basics: Christianity, cults & religion
(7
th
ed.). Carson, CA: Rose Publishing Inc.

Heinrichs, K., Oser, F. & Lovat, T. (2013).
Handbook of moral motivation: theories, models, and applications
. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Igboin, B. (2015). Spirituality and medical practice: a Christian perspective.
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
, 12(4). DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2015.054

Newton, J. (2015).
The revelation worldview: apocalyptic thinking in a postmodern world
. Eugene, OR: WIPF & STOCK.

PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care Week 4

The practice of health care providers at all levels brings you into contact with people from a variety of faiths. This calls for knowledge and understanding of a diversity of faith expressions; for the purpose of this course, the focus will be on the Christian worldview.

Based on “Case Study: End of Life Decisions,” the Christian worldview, and the worldview questions presented in the required topic study materials you will complete an ethical analysis of George’s situation and his decision from the perspective of the Christian worldview. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

Provide a 1,500-2,000-word ethical analysis while answering the following questions:

How would George interpret his suffering in light of the Christian narrative, with an emphasis on the fallenness of the world?

How would George interpret his suffering in light of the Christian narrative, with an emphasis on the hope of resurrection?

As George contemplates life with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), how would the Christian worldview inform his view about the value of his life as a person?

What sorts of values and considerations would the Christian worldview focus on in deliberating about whether or not George should opt for euthanasia?

Based on the values and considerations above, what options would be morally justified in the Christian worldview for George and why?

Based on your worldview, what decision would you make if you were in George’s situation?

Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

Prepare this PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the 
LopesWrite Technical Support articles
 for assistance.

RUBRIC

Attempt Start Date:
 
30-Mar-2020 at 12:00:00 AM

Due Date:
 
05-Apr-2020 at 11:59:59 PM

Maximum Points: 
200.0

Ethical and spiritual decision making in health care

Death is an inevitable event to all biological life, to include humans. For whatever reason, whether intentional, accidental and logical progression, all biological life must come to an end thereby completing the process that began at conception. Still, medical sciences have made significant advances that have changed the traditional concept of death such that interventions are now available for prolonging life and enabling continued life where previously death would have been the inevitable outcome. In fact, end of life care has changed the concept of death through intervening to support the biological systems and allow for continued life in the face of terminal illness, although it incurs significant costs and lowers the quality of life. This state of affairs (the medical advances) has created a unique situation in which individuals faced with death now have the opportunity to access medical care that prolongs their lives (Ferngen, 2014). Although the advances in medical sciences have presented opportunities for prolonging life, they simply slow down the process of death and do not offer a promise of recovery since it typically involves patients being connected to machines that replace the defective body systems to do their functions. For instance, a dialysis machine doing the function of a kidney with regular dialysis required or else the toxins build up in the body and cause death. This creates a situation in which the quality of life is lowered, not to talk of the associated costs of care, thereby raising the question over when life should be discontinued even if life prolong measures are available. This is a situation that patients receiving end of life care typically face as they decide between foregoing treatment and dying or prolonging their lives using medical technologies so that their quality of life is lowered and they have to pay high medical costs (Ruggiero, 2015). The present analysis discusses the ethical and religious implications of end of life options available to terminally ill patients. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care.

How would George interpret his suffering in light of the Christian narrative, with an emphasis on the fallenness of the world?

The Christian narrative is very accepting of suffering as a necessary trial for every person. These trials (sufferings) are intended to determine who is worthy of one day joining Jesus and God in paradise. Acts 14:22 (KJV) makes it clear that all Christians must confirm their faith by facing tribulations as a necessary test for getting into the Kingdom of God. The implication is that a Christian must be accepting of suffering, irrespective of the form that it takes. To suffer is the reality of the world and acts as an acknowledgement that the world is flawed, unlike paradise that has no suffering. While living in the world, Christians must accept tears, pain, mourning and death as a part of their tribulations. Revelations 21:4 (KJV) states that the only way through which Christians can escape the suffering is to be accepted by God upon death and go into paradise where will live forever and not experience any more tears, pain, mourning and death. This means that Christians must accept suffering as a part of their life on earth, and that it is not random or without purpose. Rather, suffering is intended to temper them as an earthly experience that redeems their physical bodies. 2 Corinthians 4:8-10 (KJV) adds words of encouragement that although Christians suffer on earth, they have not been forsaken and should neither question the suffering nor be in despair since it serves God’s purpose. Besides that, all suffering will be within bearable levels as a test and not punishment since God will always be there to offer comfort in our time of need (Job 2:9-10, KJV; 2 Corinthians 1:4, KJV). Overall, it becomes clear that suffering is a test permitted by God and intended to temper Christians and make them worthy of God’s mercy and favor. As a transient state that passes over time and lasts for as long as we are in this world, Chreistians should be more accepting of the suffering as a reflection of the fallenness of the world even as it prepared them for a life after death in paradise where they will not experience suffering again.

How would George interpret his suffering in light of the Christian narrative, with an emphasis on the hope of resurrection?

In light of the Christian narrative, George would interpret his suffering as a fulfilment of God’s word. The bible verses discussed in the Christian narrative show that suffering is a test to identify those who will enjoy a life without suffering in paradise after death. Despite God’s best intentions for creating Adam and Eve and placing them in the Garden of Eden, they ended up rebelling and bringing sin to the rest of their descendants who include all humans. This means that every person is born with sin. As a punishment and test, God decided that humans would suffer and their performance during the times of tribulation would determine those who would receive forgiveness for their sins and get to enjoy life in paradise after death (Genesis 2:17, KJV) PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care. Suffering is unavoidable, and should be perceived as a test and reminder that life on earth is transient and we need to obey God’s word in order to enjoy eternal life in heaven. As a Christian, George should accept the suffering as a test from God. He should know that by going through the suffering, he becomes worth of God’s mercy and favor, and will enjoy life in paradise after death (Chryssides & Geaves, 2014).

As George contemplates life with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), how would the Christian worldview inform his view about the value of his life as a person?

As George contemplates life with ALS, the Christian worldview would inform him that life is without price and only God has the right to assign any value to life. All humans were created by God in his image, with life being given as a gift when God breathed life into Adam as the first created human (Genesis 1:26-27, KJV; Genesis 2:7, KJV). This implies that life is a favor from God, and we life by God’s grace and mercy. Job 34:14 (KJV) explains this by indicating that no being has the right to take human life except God who gave life and can withdraw breath. By extension, all life belongs to God so that every person is simply a steward of the life given by God and that will be returned to God upon death. As such, George can be considered as the steward of his life that was given by God. As a steward, he should take care of the life given by God and should never contemplate cutting that life short. Besides that, any death resultant from intentional actions, carelessness or negligence will be punished by God. This is explained in the Ten Commandments where God commands that there shall be no killing (Exodus 20:13, KJV). Any person who takes a life without just cause will in turn lose a life (Exodus 21:14, KJV). As such, George should make the best of his life with the present medical technologies and should not contemplate taking his life since it is a gift from God.

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What sorts of values and considerations would the Christian worldview focus on in deliberating about whether or not George should opt for euthanasia?

Physical suffering is inevitable for all humans, a result of the original sin by Adam and Eve. Every Christian should perceive suffering as a test. George should similarly look at his suffering as a test that will allow him get into paradise should he pass. Besides that, George should perceive his life as invaluable and that he is only a steward taking care of the gift of life given by God. As a result, he must carry on with his life and never intentionally look for ways to shorten his life. 1 Samuel 31:3-5 (KJV) specifically talks of euthanasia. It talks of King Saul who was fatally wounded and suffering. He sought to have his life shortened in order to escape posing suffering and humiliation from his enemies. However, his armor bearer refused to take his life as he respected the commandments of God. The armor bearer understood that life is a gift from God and should not be taken lightly even in the midst of suffering. Although Saul faced greater suffering and humiliation, this was a test from God that he should have borne as a Christian. This makes it clear that regardless of the situation that George faces with his ALS, he should never contemplate euthanasia under any circumstance.

Based on the values and considerations above, what options would be morally justified in the Christian worldview for George and why? PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

God gave humans life as a gift and has clear instructions that life should be respected. In addition, God lets humans suffer as a test of their faith and in preparation for a better life in paradise. As such, George should guard the life given to him by God and go through his suffering with ALS by considering it as a test. Choosing the easy option of taking his life is not only unjustified, but also violates God’s instructions. Given this awareness, the morally justified decision for George would be to continue receiving treatment and bear the suffering until his life ends from natural causes, or until he is cured.

Based on your worldview, what decision would you make if you were in George’s situation?

As a Christian and based on my worldview, I would opt to continued seeking treatment. Although I have not borne the pain and indignity of ALS, but I believe that no person will ever be exposed to suffering that he or she cannot bear. God is watching over us and always guides our lives so that whatever suffering we experience is moderated. God’s love cannot be taken for granted. As such, the only option for me as a Christian is to continue receiving treatment and explore medical technologies for ways to relieve the suffering. I would never contemplate suicide as an option since this would bar me from entering paradise.

References

Chryssides, G. & Geaves, R. (2014).
The study of religion: an introduction to key ideas and methods
(2
nd
ed.). New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic.

Ferngren, G. (2014).
Medicine and religion: a historical introduction
. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press

Ruggiero, V. (2015).
Thinking critically about ethical issues
(9
th
ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care Week 5 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis

Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis

In addition to the topic study materials, use the chart you completed and questions you answered in the Topic 3 about “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” as the basis for your responses in this assignment.

Answer the following questions about a patient’s spiritual needs in light of the Christian worldview.

In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy? Explain your rationale. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

In 400-500 words, respond to the following: How ought the Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in James’s care?

In 200-250 words, respond to the following: How would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike determine appropriate interventions for James and for his family or others involved in his care?

Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the
LopesWrite Technical Support articles
 for assistance.

Benchmark Information

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:

BS in Health Sciences 1.2; BS Nursing (RN to BSN ) 5.2

Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

RUBRIC

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Attempt Start Date:
 
06-Apr-2020 at 12:00:00 AM

Due Date:
 
12-Apr-2020 at 11:59:59 PM

Maximum Points: 
200.0

When parents apply religious beliefs concerning preferences for prayer, faith healing, or spiritual healing over conventional medical care for children, concerns occur. Medical care is one of the basic needs but parents might choose to apply religious beliefs over modern medical treatments for their children. The paper examines a case involving a parental delay of medical treatment and chose spiritual healing and provides insights into how the parents sought to have done in the light of the Christian worldview.

Allowing or not mike continue making irrational decisions

The physician, as James’ health care provider, should not have permitted Mike to go on making decisions that seem unreasonable. Even though the physician should respect the decisions that parents make concerning the care that their child should receive, the physician ethically and legally bound to intervene in situations where parents make decisions that are harmful to the health of their child.   James’ parents forgone dialysis and sought spiritual healing whereby James was not healed and his condition worsened   According to Shaul (2014), if the risks of doing away with treatment were less serious, the physician can the  James parents’ treatment refusal.    However, if the illness is seriously threatening the child’s health and the parents are refusing available effective treatment, then the physician has an ethical and legal obligation to seek state intervention.   As indicated by McDougall and Notini (2014), a health care provider has an ethical justification to seek state intervention when the decision of the parents considerably increases the probability of serious damage.   For a health professional to consider the utilization of state involvement to require medical care over the objections of parents, the refusal for medical treatment puts the child at a high risk of grave harm, the harm is impending, and the refused treatment is essential to avert the harm.

How a Christian ought to think about health and sickness

A Christian should think about health as a reward for doing good deeds and illness as a reward for bad deeds.  God created a perfect world and saw all the things that were in it as good (Genesis 1:31).  God then created a woman and a man and place them in a good world.
PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care
. However, they sinned by disobeying God. After sinning, numerous things took place; they left the ideal place of God, and death came into the world. Therefore, from a Christian worldview, illness is an outcome of sin getting into the world. People no longer live in the ideal world that God created, and that is why there is an illness in the world.

A Christian should think that medical intervention is a way of respecting Gods command. The Bible in Matthew 9:12 talks about the sick people needing a physician and healthy people not requiring a physician. There is no anywhere in the Bible where God tells people not to seek medical treatment. In fact, medical knowledge is God’s gift.  God calls people into a diverse vocation in order for their strengths to be utilized to care for other people and bring glory to him. For instance, God calls individuals to be doctors. More importantly, Luke, a writer of the Gospel was a physician. Jesus seemed to understand that doctors could use medical interventions to heal people.

As a Christian, Mike should permit James to undergo the recommended kidney transplant while praying that God will use health care providers to cure his son. Mike should not only depend on prayers to treat James’ illness that is reliably treated via modern medicine. He should see that God calls health care providers to serve others via medicine and these individuals as an answer to his prayer.  So, Mike should use his faith and seek medical intervention via medical professionals whom God has offered for James’ healing.

Mike should trust that God is using medical professionals to heal James and pray to God to provide these professionals with understanding and discernment into his Child’s treatment. In honoring the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence, Mike should see that by delaying dialysis, the condition of James worsened and that his prior decision to refuse dialysis was in James’ best interest since he did more harm than good. Thus, Mike should accept a kidney transplant because it will improve his health which has greatly deteriorated. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care

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How a spiritual needs assessment would help

A spiritual needs assessment would help the physician to help Mike in determining appropriate interventions for James, his family and other people involved in James’ care in identifying the spiritual needs of James’ parents as they relate to medical care and the utilization of interventions that will respect and respond to their spiritual beliefs. As  Isaac et al (2016)  indicate, a spiritual needs assessment provides the for talking about the experiences of patients along with their families in dealing with illnesses and the spiritual beliefs that might be in contradiction with medical decisions. An assessment will help the physician understand the spiritual beliefs of James’ family and those taking care of him and better understand them as individuals and also understand how their spiritual beliefs influence the decisions they make. An understanding of spiritual needs will enable the physician to give hope to James’ family, provide medical advice or modify medical treatment.

 

References

Isaac, K., Jay, J., & Lubektin, E. (2016). Incorporating Spirituality in Primary Care.
Journal of Religion and Health, 55
(3), 1065-1077.

McDougall, R., & Notini, L.  (2014). Overriding parents’ medical decisions for their children: a systematic review of normative literature
. Journal of Medical Ethics, 40
(7), 448-452

Shaul, R. (2014).
Pediatric Patient and Family-Centered Care: Ethical and Legal Issues
. New York: Springer. PHI-413V Ethical and Spiritual Decision Making in Health Care.

Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

Standardized Nursing Terminology (SNTs)

Rutherford made a recent visit to an L&D unit within a local community hospital. During the visit, she was assessing the application of documentation for nursing care within the hospital’s electronic health records system (EHRs) (Rutherford, 2008). She was interested in the assessment of the recent implementation of SNTs. However, her visit was met with unexpected but intriguing nursing experience Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology. One of the nurses stated that they used to document their care using SNTss (SNLs), but they did not sufficiently understand why they did so (Rutherford, 2008). Such a statement exhibited a plethora of information concerning the impact of standardized nursing terminology in nursing.

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In this case, the nurses need to be informed about the significance of SNTs in the nursing practice. The utilization of the SNTs in documentation within the nursing care profession is crucial for nursing professionals as well as the direct care nurses (Rutherford, 2008). The benefits of using standard nursing care language/terminology including but not limited to effective communication among the nurses and care providers, increased nurse visibility, improvement of patient care, enhancement of data collection techniques for evaluation of nursing outcomes as well as enhanced adherence to the standards of care (Rutherford, 2008). Therefore, the standardized using language improves the facilitation of assessment of the nurses’ competencies. The SNTs. The effective sharing of information supported by the SNTs assists in the sharing of knowledge during research, administration, and education in the field of nursing (Rutherford, 2008) Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology.

Nursing organizations have outlined various benefits of implementation of the standardized nursing terminologies in nursing. For instance, in 2015, the American Nurses Association (ANA) described its position statement concerning its support for the application of Standardized terminologies in nursing (ANA, 2015). ANA’s position statement indicated that the use of standardized terminologies, especially in the Electronic Health Record (HER), as well as other informatics, enhances the understanding, coordination, control, and transfer of information among different departments. Therefore, all the nursing facilities were instructed to use the standardized terminologies within the EHRs to minimize communication errors. For inatance, mandatory conversion of data during transfer from one care plan to another was emphasized. The universality of communication reduces the risks of medical errors due to inadequate or wrong interpretation. In this case, the health records need to be recorded, stored, retrieved, and presented in a universal manner that is understood across the nursing profession Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology. For example, the data from an ultrasound scan should be understood by a nutritionist handling the same patient.

For big data science, the combination of multiple sources of data is facilitated by the efficiency in the application of Standardized Nursing Terminologies in EHRs (Macieira, Smith, Davis, Yao, Wilkie, Lopez, & Keenan, 2017). In this concept, a study conducted by Macieira et al. (2017), found out that only 3 out of 5 sets of Standardized Nursing Terminologies were significantly used in the reviewed articles. The CCC and PNDs were absent in the articles. Therefore, the issue of language played a significant role in influencing the research. Since English was not a common language across the study areas Korea, Spain, and America, the discrepancies in the data were explained as a factor of language differences. However, an analysis of the variables, such as diagnosis, outcomes, and interventions, was related to the use of SNTs (Macieira et al., 2017).

Each type of Standardized Nursing Terminology has its unique benefits as well as advantages. For instance, SNOMED Clinical Terms, also called SNOMED CT is applicable in international health care and included the description, clinical meaning, relationship/link between related concepts within the nursing practice. SNOMED CT is highly applicable in the dissemination of multidisciplinary information and enhancement of clinical testing, quality measurement, as well as research initiatives. However, a significant challenge of SNOMED CT is seen in its reluctance to use the updated maps from CAP, unlike in ANA. Therefore, the SNOMED CT doesn’t purchase the maps leading to inconsistency in communication within the nursing practice (MBL Technologies, 2020) Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology.

The application of electronic health records combined with standardized terminologies has been observed to have positive impacts on the improvement of the quality of nursing. The standardized languages and use of EHRs improve the quality of nursing documentation and quality of services. The improvement in nursing documentation is favored by the improved accuracy in documenting that is provided by the use of the EHRs (De Groot, Veer, Paans, & Francke, 2020).

The application of the SNTs has been evidenced as a major factor in improving the satisfaction of the nurses. The appropriate use of information technology enhances the efficiency in the nursing practice due to the rapid and straightforward sharing of information. The computer networks are used to records, store, manipulate as well as share medical records and reduce the stress of keeping and updating manual files. However, the technology of using EHRs is quite expensive in terms of training and equipment. Each nurse is expected to be computer literate to operate the EHR systems. Furthermore, extra costs of security should be incurred for the effective implementation of EHR systems. Therefore, data management tools and network security officers should be employed to enhance the security of electronic medical records (Chapman, 2016). Other disadvantages of SNTs include the differences in the international application of the terminologies. Each country has a unique language and culture. Therefore, the differences in interpretation of the SNTs between countries affect the efficiency of multicultural nursing care set up. Such differences jeopardize the quality of health as well as the patients’ safety (Olatubi, Oyediran, Faremi, & Salau, 2019).

In another study, Moen, Hakala, Peltonen, Suhonen, Ginter, Salakoski, & Salanterä (2020), focused upon the assignment of standardized subject heading in an automatic manner to the free-text sentences within the clinical nursing notes. The motivational concept behind the study was the establishment of the support nursing system, where patient documentation for care was developed using computer systems. Such a move was important in assisting the incorporation of suitable headlines that are congruent with the document topics. The study used 676 unique headlines derived from the Finish university hospital. Automatically, an evaluation of the methods was done as well as the analysis of the manual error. The results outlined that the short-term memory was significantly relevant in the selection of the headings. A manual analysis indicated that the predictions were better than the results indicated by the automatic evaluation. The reaearch concluded that appropriate subject headings existed on the sentence level category of the data. Therefore, there was feasibility of the development of the text classification system that would assist in supporting the application of standardized terminologies. Furthermore, such an approach would assist in saving the time for the burses to energy and time on care documents (Moen et al., 2020) Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology.

References

American Nurses Association. (2015). Inclusion of Recognized Terminologies Supporting

Nursing Practice within Electronic Health Records and Other Health Information Technology Solutions.

Chapman, Y. L. (2016). Nurse Satisfaction with Information Technology Enhanced Bedside

Handoff. 
Medsurg nursing
, 
25
(5).

De Groot, K., De Veer, A. J., Paans, W., & Francke, A. L. (2020). Use of electronic health

records in relation to standardized terminologies: a nationwide survey of nursing staff

experiences. 
International Journal of Nursing Studies
, 103523.

Macieira, T. G., Smith, M. B., Davis, N., Yao, Y., Wilkie, D. J., Lopez, K. D., & Keenan, G.

(2017). Evidence of Progress in Making Nursing Practice Visible Using Standardized Nursing Data: a Systematic Review. In
AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings
(Vol. 2017, p. 1205). American Medical Informatics Association.

MBL Technologies, 2020.
Standard Nursing Terminologies: A Landscape Analysis
. [online] Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

Healthit.gov. Available at: [Accessed 13 March 2020].

Moen, H., Hakala, K., Peltonen, L. M., Suhonen, H., Ginter, F., Salakoski, T., & Salanterä, S. (2020).

Supporting the use of standardized nursing terminologies with automatic subject heading

prediction: a comparison of sentence-level text classification methods. 
Journal of the American

Medical Informatics Association
, 
27
(1), 81-88.

Olatubi, M. I., Oyediran, O. O., Faremi, F. A., & Salau, O. R. (2019). Knowledge, perception,

and utilization of SNTs (SNL)(NNN) among nurses in three selected hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. 
International journal of nursing knowledge
, 
30
(1), 43-48.

Rutherford, M. (2008). SNTs: What does it mean for nursing practice.

OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
,
13
(1), 243-50.

 

Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

Among the Resources in this module is the Rutherford (2008) article Standardized Nursing Language: What Does It Mean for Nursing Practice? In this article, the author recounts a visit to a local hospital to view the recent implementation of a new coding system.

During the visit, one of the nurses commented to her, “We document our care using standardized nursing languages but we don’t fully understand why we do” (Rutherford, 2008, para. 1).

How would you respond to a comment such as this one? Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

To Prepare:

Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources, particularly Rutherford, M. (2008) Standardized Nursing Language: What Does It Mean for Nursing Practice?

Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

In a 2- to 3-page paper, address the following:

Explain how you would inform this nurse (and others) of the importance of standardized nursing terminologies.

Describe the benefits and challenges of implementing standardized nursing terminologies in nursing practice. Be specific and provide examples.

Be sure to support your paper with peer-reviewed research on standardized nursing terminologies that you consulted from the Walden Library.

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 25, “The Art of Caring in Technology-Laden Environments” (pp. 525–535)

Chapter 26, “Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 537–551)

American Nurses Association. (2018). Inclusion of recognized terminologies supporting nursing practice within electronic health records and other health information technology solutions. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/id/Inclusion-of-Recognized-Terminologies-Supporting-Nursing-Practice-within-Electronic-Health-Records/

Macieria, T. G. R., Smith, M. B., Davis, N., Yao, Y., Wilkie, D. J., Lopez, K. D., & Keenan, G. (2017). Evidence of progress in making nursing practice visible using standardized nursing data: A systematic review. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2017, 1205–1214. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977718/

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2017). Standard nursing terminologies: A landscape analysis. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/snt_final_05302017.pdf

Rutherford, M. A. (2008). Standardized nursing language: What does it mean for nursing practice? Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13(1), 1–12. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol13No01PPT05. Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Thew, J. (2016, April 19). Big data means big potential, challenges for nurse execs. Retrieved from https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/big-data-means-big-potential-challenges-nurse-execs

Topaz, M. (2013). The hitchhiker’s guide to nursing theory: Using the Data-Knowledge-Information-Wisdom framework to guide informatics research. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 17(3).

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Wang, Y. Kung, L., & Byrd, T. A. (2018). Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126(1), 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.019.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Executive Producer). (2012). Data, information, knowledge and wisdom continuum [Multimedia file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6051/03/mm/continuum/index.html

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Health Informatics and Population Health: Analyzing Data for Clinical Success [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Transcript for video

Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

Program Transcript

GRANT SHEVCHIK: Probably the one disorder/disease where information

technology has had the biggest impact and really done a great job is in the

management of diabetes. Diabetes has a lot of complications too it, a lot of

different things that can go wrong. But on the surface, what you’re managing for

the most part are numbers. Obviously, information technology is very conducive

to measuring numbers.

So you can pull up Joe, and you can see Joe. And you can see his numbers. You

can see the trend over time. You can see all sorts of things. This was magic. This

was one of the reasons why, way back when, we wanted to get an electronic

record, because we were able to look at that.

But the most important thing is not looking at the numbers in isolation, but looking

at them over time and being able to say to you, hey Joe, you’re doing a great job.

You went from a hemoglobin A1C of 15. Normal is supposed to be 7. You’re

down to 9. Most people would be unhappy with you. I’m ecstatic, because 9 is a

lot better than 15.

By saying it in that fashion, Joe has an incentive to get down to 8. Joe’s last

doctor never even knew what his A1C was the time before, the time before that.

In the paper chart, the chart was never there when Joe was there.

But it also makes a difference if this person shows up in the emergency room

and needs emergency surgery. Is this diabetic a diabetic under good control? Is

this a diabetic that has a lot of problems?

In the past, all we’ve done is coded them as being diabetes. And we patted the

doctor on the back and said, good job. You let us know they have diabetes.

Now we’re really asking for the more specific detail. What else is going on? What

else is there? Having some data is good. But then taking that data and looking

and making it more accurate is a more desirable goal and would make a big

difference in that patient in the long run. Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

The advantages of the whole community– meaning patients, physicians, et

cetera– becoming electronic and communicating over the internet via

smartphones, via whatever– that’s what’s going to really change medicine,

especially in chronic diseases. If you’re talking about somebody’s arthritis, they

need to be able to tell you, where does it hurt? How much does it hurt– that sort

of thing. So it’s not as straightforward. But if you build effective questionnaires,

you can have questionnaires that the computer is smart enough to answer and

analyze for you.

© 2018 Laureate Education, Inc. 1

Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

So the future is great if you take what’s out there and available, have the

computer work for you, design effective questionnaires, design effective things,

reach out to patients on a regular basis, know who communicates back to you,

but also know the ones who you’ve lost. It’s like anything else. The most

important patients are the ones that somehow got lost to follow-up. They’re the

ones that are going to come back and be the train wreck. They’re going to be the

ones that come back and show up in the hospital in the emergency room.

IT mean makes it a whole lot better than it used to be with just paper cards,

where he pull the cards out and see who needs to be reminded this month.

However, you still need to have people on your end, meaning the physician’s

office end, who’s looking at this and managing this to be able to make sure that

you’re communicating with your patients, they’re getting back to you, and you’re

seeing what needs to be done.

As we get farther along, and more and more people sign onto a patient portal–

that sort of thing– that’s where the magic comes in, because now, I can reach out

to all my diabetics through the portal. I can remind 1,000 people in 10 minutes by

just writing what I want to write, and send it all 1,000 of them. We didn’t have that

ability before.

The part that really makes it easier is we’re now actually getting to people

through their smartphones. And so we need to use these things that are out

there, the things that are available to us, that we can begin to take advantage

and really reach out to our patients. They love the convenience. And most

importantly, they appreciate that we care.

Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

Additional Content Attribution

FOOTAGE:

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Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

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Suzanne Paone. (n.d.). Copy of IT PROFORMA Templa

Accessible player

Vinay Shanthagiri. (2014). Big Data in Health Informatics [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4W6zGmH_pOw. Assignment: The Impact of Standardized Nursing Terminology

PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay

1. What is the Christian concept of the imago Dei? How might it be important to health care, and why is it relevant?

2. According to your worldview, what value does a human person have? How does your position affect your stance on controversial bioethical issues, such as abortion, designer babies, and stem cell research?

What is the Christian concept of the imago Dei? How might it be important to health care, and why is it relevant?

‘
Imago Dei
’ is the Latin translation for ‘Image of God’. It is a concept found in the biblical story of creation. The concept has two connotations. The first connotation is that humans are the self-actualization of God who created them. The second connotation is that God cares for humans. To say that humans are created in the image of God is a recognition that God is made manifest in humans thus enabling them to have special qualities that set them above other creations. Unlike other creations, humans have a rational structure that includes the capacity for deliberation and free decision-making that offers them freedom to be complete and centered thus supporting their self-actualization and participation in the sacred reality that everything is the will of God. In essence, humans who have the awareness that they are created in the image of God must recognize that they are instruments through which God’s intentions, purposes and plans are made known and actualized. Interpreting this awareness from a health care perspective would indicate that humans are co-creators with God since they help in actualizing God’s plan. Through providing health care, medical personnel act on God’s intention to heal, thus identifying them as instruments through whom God’s will is manifested (Bruyneel & Padgett, 2003; Demacopoulos &‎ Papanikolaou, 2016).

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According to your worldview, what value does a human person have? How does your position affect your stance on controversial bioethical issues, such as abortion, designer babies, and stem cell research?

According to my worldview, the value of every human being is determined by how well they do God’s will. Humans were created to serve, learn and live through God’s word. All humans have the capacity for deliberation and free decision-making. As such, every individual is responsible for stance taken on controversial decision making. Overall, humans must be guided by God’s word (the Bible) when making such decisions, and should ensure that whatever decision is made reflects the personal awareness and acceptance of the sacred reality. Irrespective of the perceived costs and benefits, every decision must reflect what is perceived as God’s intention (Troy, 2014). PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay.

 

References

Bruyneel, S. & Padgett, A. (2003).
Introducing Christianity
. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Demacopoulos, G. &‎ Papanikolaou, A. (2016).
Christianity, Democracy, and the Shadow of Constantine
. New York, NY: Fordham University Press.

Troy, J. (ed) (2014).
Religion and the realist tradition: from political theology to international relations theory and back
. New York, NY: Routledge.

 

PHI-413V Topic 1 Overview

Foundational Issues in Christian Spirituality and Ethics

Introduction

Welcome to Grand Canyon University’s course on Ethical and Spiritual Decision-Making

in health care. Some students may be apprehensive and object to taking this course

because they feel such a course is not necessary for their major. PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay Yet Grand Canyon

University has a long-standing Christian heritage, meaning that our Christian faith is

fundamental to all that we do. We want all students to feel welcome here, regardless of

their religion or beliefs, but we also want all students to at least understand the

Christian worldview and be challenged to think carefully about the deeper questions of

life.

In addition, this course serves several key purposes for training in health care. First, it is

important to understand that many of the foundational beliefs that the fields of

medicine and health care take for granted (such as the intrinsic dignity and value of all

human beings, regardless of race, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, etc.) are

deeply held Christian values that come from the Christian worldview and have shaped

the practice of medicine for almost 2,000 years. Second, all human beings hold beliefs,

live, and act in the context of their worldview. All decisions, including health care

decisions, that human beings make are informed by their most deeply held values and

beliefs which comprise a person’s worldview. Thus, it is important to understand how a

patient’s worldview will shape their decision-making and values in health care.

Third, decision-making in health care often times involves ethical decisions about right

or wrong, and it is crucial for health care practitioners to have an understanding of the

nature of ethical decision-making, as well as some practical training. Fundamentally, this

course is about how the Christian worldview approaches various issues and questions in

health care. In understanding the Christian worldview, one will also come to learn how

different worldviews might approach the same questions.

Some students may be unsure what their worldview is or have a worldview that is very

different from Christianity and wonder how they will fit into such a class. Everyone has a

mixture of beliefs that make him or her unique. Please be assured that the goal is to

help each student feel comfortable interacting with other students and to have a

positive experience. The College of Theology and instructors hope to encourage critical

thinking about one’s worldview and purpose in life. This is an opportunity to think about

what you believe, challenge your assumptions, learn from others, and move forward on

your unique life journey.

Throughout this course, you will be seeking wisdom. And from the Christian worldview,

all wisdom comes from God. This is why James, the brother of Jesus, wrote in his letter,

“If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without

reproach, and it will be given him” (James 1:5 NIV). Understanding what a worldview is,

and in particular the elements of Christian worldview, will help one understand the

foundations of Christian spirituality and ethics. PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay

What Is a Worldview?

The following definitions are helpful:

• “A set of assumptions or beliefs about reality that affect how we think and how we

live” (Cosgrove, 2006, p. 19).

• “The comprehensive perspective from which we interpret all of reality” (Keller,

2012, p. 157).

Worldview is often described as a set of lenses through which we view the world. As a

descriptive lens, our worldview influences our perception of the world. What is true?

What is reality? As a prescriptive lens, our worldview influences our evaluation of what

is true. What does it mean? How should we live?

One may readily see that if one views the nature of the universe as consisting of only

physical matter and energy, then that person’s understanding of the meaning of life and

how we should live will likely be far different from one whose perception of the

universe includes a spiritual realm where life continues after death and goodness is

rewarded.

While it is true that all people have their own private worldviews with values and beliefs

that have been shaped by culture, education, experiences, and relationships, it is also

valuable to speak of shared worldviews, those foundational assumptions or beliefs that

many people hold in common. For the sake of this course, the course content will be

reduced from the many-shared worldviews to three basic worldview families.

What Are the Three Basic Worldview Families?

Though there are many different worldviews, for the purpose of this course they have

been simplified into three basic worldview families. There are many variations within

these families. PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay

Atheism

Atheism is the worldview of those who believe only in what their senses can detect—

only what may be analyzed and understood in a scientific laboratory. This view believes

in no God or spiritual realm. The cosmos consists of only the natural or physical realm of

matter and energy. Other names often associated with this worldview family are

naturalism and secular humanism. Most whose worldview values and behavior are

aligned with atheism prefer to be considered agnostics. These are uncertain of the

existence of God, skeptical for the most part, yet open to the possibility.

Pantheism

Pantheism is the worldview of spiritualism, the belief that “all is God” as the word

implies. Pantheists believe in a spiritual realm, but no relational God who has revealed

himself to humanity and is actively involved in the lives of those who believe in him. This

worldview family consists of the Eastern religions of Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as

the more eclectic Western belief known as New Age. Pantheists typically embrace an

impersonal oneness of which all humans may become a part, becoming godlike

themselves as they reach higher levels of spirituality.

Theism

Theism, or monotheism, is the worldview of the three major religions, Judaism,

Christianity, and Islam. Though these three have huge differences rendering them

incompatible with each other, they do nonetheless have some similarities. Theists all

believe in a single, personal, and relational God who is the creator and sustainer of all

that exists. They all likewise believe in absolute truth and morality, and an afterlife. The

focus of this course is Christianity, so the course will be comparing these three

worldviews: atheism, pantheism, and Christianity.

Another common worldview name, deism, is somewhat of an enigma—having a basic

belief in God, but a God who is not relational or involved in human life. So although

falling under the broad category of theism, deists may effectively live as atheists. Many

people have complex worldviews that are a mix of various beliefs from the major

worldview families. PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay

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How Do We Determine Our Worldview?

There are six components that help to determine worldview. The following questions

correspond to each component. Answering each of the following questions for yourself

will help you begin thinking about your own worldview:

1. What Is Ultimate Reality?

Does reality consist basically of physical matter and energy, as the atheists believe? Is

reality an impersonal spiritual entity that dominates the universe and to which all

humans must endeavor to attain unity with, as the pantheists assert, or is there a

personal and relational, all-powerful, and sovereign God who exists everywhere, but is

separate from the physical world he created, as believed by Christians and other

theists?

2. What Is the Nature of the Universe?

This is similar to the question above but focuses strictly on what one believes about the

natural world. Is the universe strictly physical and yet eternal in one form or another? Is

it merely an illusion intended as a battleground for us to work toward enlightenment, or

was the universe created by God and far more complex than can be detected by

scientists, consisting of both a physical and a spiritual realm?

3. What Is a Human Being?

Is a human basically a biological machine, just a higher level of animal? Is a human a

type of god with powers to reach perfection, or is a human an off-the-charts creature

designed in the image of God with an eternal spirit like his and similar abilities to reason,

seek moral purity, communicate on a high level, create for beauty, and love even those

who cannot love in return? Is death the end of existence, or is there a soul that lives on?

Does that soul return in another life, or does it return to God and await judgment?

4. What Is Knowledge? PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay

Is there such a thing as absolute truth, or is truth relative? Is true knowledge only that

which may be acquired and understood through scientific means, or is there also

knowledge that only may be acquired by revelation from God? Should you only trust

your senses, or should you explore the spiritual realm and seek knowledge from God?

5. What Is Your Basis of Ethics?

How do you know right from wrong? Is morality learned, or is it designed into our

conscience? Is there a set of absolute moral standards given by God, or is morality

relative, a matter of culture, and what is acceptable to a society?

6. What the Purpose of Your Existence?

Is human life as you know it merely the result of some amazing cosmic accident, or is

there an underlying meaning to history, a purpose toward which time will culminate?

Does life have meaning and purpose for individuals, or is it simply whatever one makes

it? Did the Creator design his children with a purpose? If so, what might that be?

How Do We Test Our Worldview?

Everyone (not only religious people) forms his or her worldview on the basis of faith

(assumptions and presuppositions) and reason. So we must ask ourselves “how

reasonable or consistent is our worldview?” Are there any contradictions that are

apparent? Testing a worldview is critical because at the end of the day, most people

want to make sure that they have true beliefs about the world. The following tests are

just some ways of determining whether or not a particular worldview is true. Consider

only three basic tests summarized here:

1. The Coherence Test checks the internal consistency of a worldview to see if one’s

specific values and beliefs contradict any other beliefs within the worldview.

2. The Correspondence Test examines how well a worldview corresponds to reality. It

evaluates evidences and experiences to see if the worldview matches with what one

perceives in the real world.

3. The Practical Test evaluates a worldview’s livability. Does the worldview bring

satisfaction as one faces life’s challenges, or is it found to be lacking?

Foundations of Christian Spirituality and Ethics

The foundational beliefs of Christianity inform the Christian understanding of the nature

of spirituality and the nature of ethics. Thus, the way in which the Christian worldview

answers the six questions above shapes a distinctly Christian spirituality and Christian

ethic. The term spirituality has many different definitions in popular culture and in

different contexts. One influential definition claims, “spirituality is an aspect of humanity

that refers to the way individuals seek and express meaning and purpose, and the way

they experience their connectedness to the moment, to self, to others, to nature, and to

the significant or sacred” (Puchalski et al., 2009). This definition is broad enough to give

a general idea of what spirituality involves, but it does not give a full picture of a

person’s spiritual life or spiritual needs. Those details will be filled in by examining a

persons specific worldview.

Spirituality in the Christian worldview has its foundations in the reality of a triune God

who eternally exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God is one being in three persons

and is the creator and sustainer of all that exists. He is all-knowing, all-powerful, and

loving to his core, “And so we know and rely on the love God has for us. God is love.

Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in them” (1 John 4:16). This God has

revealed himself in different ways to human beings, including through the natural

world. However, he has revealed himself and his will for human beings most

authoritatively through the Bible and in the person of Jesus Christ. In this view,

whatever it means to be spiritual will in some sense be related directly or indirectly to

God, and will come to be known primarily through the teachings of the Bible.

Furthermore, Christian spirituality will refer to the beliefs and practices that are meant

to reflect the proper functioning of God’s creation, and which promote right relationship

to God and deeper knowledge of him. Many times spirituality is taken to be

synonymous with the feeling of deep emotion or of oneness with a transcendent reality,

but Christian spirituality is not limited to the experience of mere emotions or feelings.

Feelings and emotions are an important part of being human, and they are even an

important part of one’s relationship to God. Yet, spirituality in the Christian worldview is

not dictated by the feelings or emotions one might be experiencing in the moment, but

by trust in the goodness of God and obedience to him. PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay.

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In the same way that Christian spirituality finds its foundations in the reality of the

triune God of the Bible, ethics also has its foundations in God. Ethics, broadly speaking,

is the study of good and bad, right and wrong. Every worldview has to explain the

foundations of ethics (in line with worldview question #5 above) such that it explains the

basis of what counts as good and bad, right or wrong. In the Christian worldview, there

is a God who exists and has created the world with a moral structure and purpose such

that what is truly right and good is a reflection of God’s character. God’s own holy,

loving and perfect character is the standard of right and wrong. Badness or what is

wrong is then defined as anything that is contrary to God’s character, his will, or to his

design and purpose for his creation.

The Bible reveals what God’s character is like. Exodus 34:6-7 says,

The LORD, the LORD, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger and

abounding in love and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving

wickedness, rebellion and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he

punishes the children and their children for the sin of the parents to the third

and fourth generation.

Similarly, 1 John 4:7-9 says,

Dear friends, let us love one another, for love comes from God. Everyone who

loves has been born of God and knows God. Whoever does not love does not

know God, because God is love. This is how God showed his love among us: He

sent his one and only Son into the world that we might live through him.

Psalm 18:30 declares, “As for God, his way is perfect: The LORD’s word is flawless; he

shields all who take refuge in him.” Many more verses could be surveyed, but the Bible

makes clear that God is perfectly good and holy. Knowing right and wrong then will

mean knowing that which accords to God’s character.

Right or wrong can be discovered in multiple ways. It can be discovered in God’s

creation by examining the natural world or by the use of human reason. In this way, one

discovers God’s design for the way things are supposed to be by examining what is built

into creation; this is often referred to as “natural law.” For example, one can know by

means of reason and observation that murder is wrong or that a broken bone is bad and

not the way it is supposed to be. Conversely, one might come to know that feeding the

homeless is good, and loving one’s spouse is right. One does not need to be religious or

even believe in God to be able to know propositions of “natural law.” Nevertheless, the

Christian worldview holds that these truths are built into the world by God. Second,

right or wrong can be discovered by reading the Bible or looking at the example of Jesus

Christ. The Bible reveals God’s commands and principles such as the Ten

Commandments or the teachings of Jesus on the sermon on the mount. In addition, the

Bible provides us with examples of virtuous people. The perfect man and moral

exemplar (though much more than only a man and an exemplar) in the Christian

tradition is Jesus Christ himself. The Christian is to not only obey God’s commands, but

to be transformed into the kind of person that reflects the character of God. Jesus Christ

is the perfect representation of such a life; Christians, thus, ought to embody the virtues

and character of Jesus himself. The attaining of these virtues will not only be a matter of

intellectual knowledge of right and wrong, but an active surrender and transformation

by means of God’s own Holy Spirit. The wisdom to navigate all the complexities of

ethical decision-making will be a consequence of a person’s character and the active

guidance of the Holy Spirit. PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay

Knowledge of God, Knowledge of Ethics

A key component of the foundations of Christian spirituality and ethics as described

above is the view that people can have genuine knowledge of God and knowledge of

right and wrong. A few observations about the word knowledge need to be considered.

First, by knowledge we mean the opposite of mere opinion. Knowledge is more than just

an educated guess; it is being in touch with the real world as it really is. Thus, knowledge

in this sense is not merely subjective, but is rather an objective description of reality. For

example, the proposition “the earth is round” is an objectively true description of reality,

even if some people happen to subjectively deny that the earth is round. Subjective

beliefs may be true or false. What would make subjective beliefs true would be if they

matched the real objective world. Fundamentally, knowledge is the possession and

awareness of truth.

There are two philosophies, however, that stand in contrast to the Christian belief that

one can have knowledge of God and knowledge of right and wrong, namely scientism

and postmodernism. These two philosophies are very influential in today’s society,

although they are not compatible with the Christian worldview. It is important to

understand these philosophies because not only are they not compatible with the

Christian worldview, they arguably have negative effects on the practice of medicine

and health care.

Scientism

Although the term scientism has the word science in it, it is crucial to recognize that (1)

scientism is not the same thing as (2) science. In the Christian worldview, science is a

great and good thing. In fact, the Christian worldview has always encouraged careful

investigation of the natural world. In the Christian worldview, medical technology is

considered a good gift from God insofar as God has created the kind of world that has a

structure that can be discovered and manipulated to bring about the good of human

beings (Rae & Cox, 1999). Scientism, however, is not compatible with the Christian

worldview. Scientism is the belief that the best or only way to have any knowledge of

reality is by means of the sciences (Moreland & Craig, 2003, pp. 346-350). In other

words, if something is not known scientifically then it is not known at all, and the only

way to hold true beliefs about anything is to know them scientifically.

That may sound reasonable and even commonsense, but there are two problems with

scientism: (1) scientism is a self-refuting philosophy, and (2) science has clear limits.

First, if the only way to have true beliefs is through science, then the thesis of scientism

itself (“the only way to have any knowledge of the world”) could not be true because it

cannot be proven scientifically. Thus, the thesis of scientism fails its own truth test.

Scientism’s thesis is, in fact, a philosophical statement. Philosophers call such

propositions self-refuting because they invalidate themselves by definition, similarly to

someone claiming, “I cannot speak a word of English.”

Second, while science is a powerful way of gaining knowledge of the natural world,

science is limited and is not the only way of gaining knowledge. Consider the following

two limitations of science (though there are many others); science cannot tell us

anything about (1) ethics or (2) how one ought to use the results of science (University

of California Museum of Paleontology, n.d.). Science is wonderful and describes the way

things are, but it has no authority to tell us what we ought to do morally. Science cannot

tell me whether or not I ought to love my spouse, keep my promises, or give to the

poor. Even when it comes to ethical issues that involve science, science cannot

determine what the right thing to do would be. For example, science might be able to

describe the nasty effects of a terminal disease on a person or explain the state of a

person’s brain if that person is in a vegetative state. However, science cannot determine

whether euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide is good, bad, right, or wrong. Science

also cannot determine how scientific data and results ought to be used. Science might

enable the discovery of chemical processes or structures, but should the results be used

for creating biotechnology to engineer human DNA? Should the results of scientific

research be used to create bioweapons for military purposes? Such questions are

beyond the bounds of what science can answer. Remember scientism is NOT science; it

is a philosophical thesis that claims that science is the only methodology to gain

knowledge and that every other claim to knowledge is either mere opinion or false.

However, as Nicholas Rescher remarks, “to take this stance [of scientism] is not to

celebrate science but to distort it” (as cited in Moreland & Craig, 2003).

Postmodern Relativism

Postmodernism is a broad philosophical position that claims that there is no such thing

as truth or an objective reality that can be known. A common way in which

postmodernism is expressed is through a view called relativism. Relativism is the view

that there is no such thing as truth in the common sense of that concept. Every claim

about the nature of reality is simply relative to either an individual or a society/culture.

Another way to put this is to say that truth is invented by people (whether it is

individuals or entire societies) instead of being discovered. According to this way of

thinking, there is not genuine truth to be had or known, only subjective opinions or

beliefs. While certain questions are no doubt matters of subjective opinion, such as

“what is the best flavor of ice cream?” or “what is the proper way to shake hands?” not

all questions are. This is most clearly seen when we consider moral or ethical

propositions about right or wrong. It would be a serious mistake to claim that the

propositions “murder is wrong” or “racism is evil” are mere subjective matters of

opinion. However, that is what relativism implies. If all truth including morality is simply

a human invention, then there is no standard for genuine truth, and it follows that there

is no genuine right or wrong. However, this is certainly false. Whether or not the Nazi

party, made up of thousands of individuals, believed that killing 6 million Jews was a

good thing, we have to say without any hesitation that they were genuinely wrong. But

it is not possible to be wrong unless there is genuine objective truth to be known.

Both scientism and postmodern relativism are incompatible with the foundations of

Christian spirituality and ethics. The Christian worldview holds science in high regard and

accepts it as one of the most powerful communal ways of obtaining knowledge about

the world. However, contrary to scientism, the Christian worldview does not accept

science as the only way of knowing things about the world. Secondly, contrary to

postmodern relativism, the Christian worldview holds that genuine objective knowledge

of God and of right and wrong is possible. It follows then that who God is and what is

right and wrong are not merely matters of subjective opinion, but genuine truths to be

discovered.

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Conclusion

The foundations discussed above provide the framework for Christian ways of ethical

and spiritual decision-making in health care. It is important to understand therefore that

the Christian way of ethical and spiritual decision-making is distinct from other

worldviews and is not the same as Buddhist, Muslim, or even atheist ways of ethical and

spiritual decision-making. It is not fair or respectful to paint all religions or worldviews

with the same brush under the heading of “spirituality” and ignore the differences.

Topic 2 will discuss a foundational principle to the practice of medicine and health care,

as well as bioethics namely, the principle of respect for persons. The Christian worldview

goes even further and states all human beings are made in the image of God and

therefore have intrinsic value and are worthy of dignity and respect.

Topic 3 will discuss the field of bioethics and introduce some of the main methodologies

of ethical decision-making in health care. The focus in this section will be on the

methodology called principlism which stresses the application of four moral principles to

all ethical decisions in health care. Prinipalism will be used and interpreted in light of the

Christian worldview and the overarching narrative presented in the Bible.

Topic 4 will briefly introduce issues of death, dying, and grief. The focus will be on

ethical issues at the end of life and the Christian worldview regarding death in light of

the biblical narrative and the hope of resurrection inaugurated by the person and work

of Jesus Christ.

Topic 5 will conclude with discussion about the facilitating of ethical and spiritual

decision-making for patients, and the practical application of the principles and tools

introduced in this course.

References

Cosgrove, M. P. (2006). Foundations of Christian thought: Faith, learning, and the

Christian worldview. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel.

Keller, T. (2012). Every good endeavor: Connecting your work to God’s work. New York,

NY: Dutton.

Moreland, J. P., & Craig, W. L. (2003). Philosophical foundations for a Christian

worldview. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic.

Puchalski, C., Ferrell, B., Virani, R., Otis-Green, S., Baird, P., Bull, J., … Sulmasy D. (2009).

Improving the quality of spiritual care as a dimension of palliative care: The report of

the consensus conference. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(10), 885-904.

Rae, Scott B., & Cox, P. M. (1999). Bioethics: A Christian approach in a pluralistic age.

Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

University of California Museum of Paleontology. (n.d.). Science has limits: A few things

that science does not do. Retrieved from

https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/whatisscience_12

© 2019. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. PHI-413V Christian concept of the imago Dei and worldview essay

Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

Big data in healthcare

Potential Benefit of Big Data in Healthcare Clinical System

Big data analytics is fast becoming a promising field in the provision of insights into data sets of large magnitude while simultaneously minimizing healthcare costs. Thew (2016) points out that for big data to be utilized in influencing meaningful outcomes within the nursing field, nurse executives need to take up their role as architects and visionaries of data.One of the potential benefit of using big data is dexcribed in the article by Thew, the local hospital mentioned using Meditech, a software program that allows physicians remote access to patients’ charts. By using Meditech, it is less time consuming and easier in comparison to making medical rounds. Meditech allows physicians to view a patient’s lab tests, CT scans, ultrasounds, notes on the patients from all attending or attended physicians, among other vital information, Stware such as Meditech is beneficial to a clinical sytem as it primarily saves time through remote patient assessment by physicians. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

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Potential Risk of Big Data Use in a Clinical System

One example of a potential challenge of using big data is in accessing and capturing data that is correctly formatted, accurate, complete and clean for utilization in multiple systems. This is because data comes from different sources and some of the sources lack impeccable governance (Bresnick, 2017).  A recent study by Valikodath, Newman, Lee, et al., (2017) depicted one such challenge. The researchers conducted a study in an ophthalmology clinic where the patient-reported data from 23.5% of EHR was analyzed. The study revealed that when patients reported three or more ocular problem symptoms, the EHR data did not reconcile the same. This was an example of poor reconciliation of data despite the accurate presentation of information by patients. Asri, Mousannif, Moatassim, et al., (2015) assert that poor usability of EHR, convoluted workflows and a failure to completely understand the importance of capturing big data well, can add to the quality issues that compromise data throughout the entire lifecycle. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay.

Strategy to Mitigate the Challenge

To ensure that data sourced by a healthcare facility is reliable, clean, and accurate, quality assurance measures need tobe put in place. More specifically policies that enforce the validation of data should be enforced in a healhtcare facility. Additionally, data on patients should be comprehensive which means that patient records should be complete with their care events as well as in the information that is of relevance regarding individual patients. Comprehensiveness will require for a healthcare faciiltiy to have accurate information on the patient’s every encounter with the system over time. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay. To achieve this, a patient seeking medical assistance in a new healthcare facility will be required to inform on whether they have had other hospital visits. The information availed by the patient will be counter-checked in the state and federal healthcare system for clarification and reconciliation. Doing so will ensure that a patient receives the right treatment and avoid medical errors.

References

Asri, H., Mousannif, H., Al Moatassime, H., & Noel, T. (2015, June). Big data in healthcare: Challenges and opportunities. In 
2015 International Conference on Cloud Technologies and Applications (CloudTech)
 (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

Bresnick, J. (2017). Top 10 Challenges of Big Data Analytics in Healthcare. 
Health IT Analytics. Available online at: https://healthitanalytics. com/news/top-10-challenges-of-big-data-analytics-in-healthcare (AccessedJun20, 2018)
. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

Thew, J. (2016, April 19). Big data means big potential, challenges for nurse execs. Retrieved from https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/big-data-means-big-potential-challenges-nurse-execs

Valikodath, N. G., Newman-Casey, P. A., Lee, P. P., Musch, D. C., Niziol, L. M., & Woodward, M. A. (2017). Agreement of ocular symptom reporting between patient-reported outcomes and medical records. 
JAMA ophthalmology
, 
135
(3), 225-231.

Big Data Risks and Rewards

When you wake in the morning, you may reach for your cell phone to reply to a few text or email messages that you missed overnight. On your drive to work, you may stop to refuel your car. Upon your arrival, you might swipe a key card at the door to gain entrance to the facility. And before finally reaching your workstation, you may stop by the cafeteria to purchase a coffee.

From the moment you wake, you are in fact a data-generation machine. Each use of your phone, every transaction you make using a debit or credit card, even your entrance to your place of work, creates data. It begs the question: How much data do you generate each day? Many studies have been conducted on this, and the numbers are staggering: Estimates suggest that nearly 1 million bytes of data are generated every second for every person on earth. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

As the volume of data increases, information professionals have looked for ways to use big data—large, complex sets of data that require specialized approaches to use effectively. Big data has the potential for significant rewards—and significant risks—to healthcare. In this Discussion, you will consider these risks and rewards.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the web article Big Data Means Big Potential, Challenges for Nurse Execs.

Reflect on your own experience with complex health information access and management and consider potential challenges and risks you may have experienced or observed.

Post a description of at least one potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Then, describe at least one potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Propose at least one strategy you have experienced, observed, or researched that may effectively mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data you described. Be specific and provide examples. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 25, “The Art of Caring in Technology-Laden Environments” (pp. 525–535)

Chapter 26, “Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 537–551)

American Nurses Association. (2018). Inclusion of recognized terminologies supporting nursing practice within electronic health records and other health information technology solutions. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/id/Inclusion-of-Recognized-Terminologies-Supporting-Nursing-Practice-within-Electronic-Health-Records/

Macieria, T. G. R., Smith, M. B., Davis, N., Yao, Y., Wilkie, D. J., Lopez, K. D., & Keenan, G. (2017). Evidence of progress in making nursing practice visible using standardized nursing data: A systematic review. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2017, 1205–1214. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977718/ Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2017). Standard nursing terminologies: A landscape analysis. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/snt_final_05302017.pdf

Rutherford, M. A. (2008). Standardized nursing language: What does it mean for nursing practice? Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13(1), 1–12. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol13No01PPT05.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

BUY A  PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Thew, J. (2016, April 19). Big data means big potential, challenges for nurse execs. Retrieved from https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/big-data-means-big-potential-challenges-nurse-execs

Topaz, M. (2013). The hitchhiker’s guide to nursing theory: Using the Data-Knowledge-Information-Wisdom framework to guide informatics research. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 17(3).

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

Wang, Y. Kung, L., & Byrd, T. A. (2018). Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126(1), 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.019.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Executive Producer). (2012). Data, information, knowledge and wisdom continuum [Multimedia file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/NURS/6051/03/mm/continuum/index.html

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Health Informatics and Population Health: Analyzing Data for Clinical Success [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Transcript for video

Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

Program Transcript

GRANT SHEVCHIK: Probably the one disorder/disease where information

technology has had the biggest impact and really done a great job is in the

management of diabetes. Diabetes has a lot of complications too it, a lot of

different things that can go wrong. But on the surface, what you’re managing for

the most part are numbers. Obviously, information technology is very conducive

to measuring numbers. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

So you can pull up Joe, and you can see Joe. And you can see his numbers. You

can see the trend over time. You can see all sorts of things. This was magic. This

was one of the reasons why, way back when, we wanted to get an electronic

record, because we were able to look at that.

But the most important thing is not looking at the numbers in isolation, but looking

at them over time and being able to say to you, hey Joe, you’re doing a great job.

You went from a hemoglobin A1C of 15. Normal is supposed to be 7. You’re

down to 9. Most people would be unhappy with you. I’m ecstatic, because 9 is a

lot better than 15.

By saying it in that fashion, Joe has an incentive to get down to 8. Joe’s last

doctor never even knew what his A1C was the time before, the time before that.

In the paper chart, the chart was never there when Joe was there.

But it also makes a difference if this person shows up in the emergency room

and needs emergency surgery. Is this diabetic a diabetic under good control? Is

this a diabetic that has a lot of problems?

In the past, all we’ve done is coded them as being diabetes. And we patted the

doctor on the back and said, good job. You let us know they have diabetes.

Now we’re really asking for the more specific detail. What else is going on? What

else is there? Having some data is good. But then taking that data and looking

and making it more accurate is a more desirable goal and would make a big

difference in that patient in the long run.

The advantages of the whole community– meaning patients, physicians, et

cetera– becoming electronic and communicating over the internet via

smartphones, via whatever– that’s what’s going to really change medicine,

especially in chronic diseases. If you’re talking about somebody’s arthritis, they

need to be able to tell you, where does it hurt? How much does it hurt– that sort

of thing. So it’s not as straightforward. But if you build effective questionnaires,

you can have questionnaires that the computer is smart enough to answer and

analyze for you.

© 2018 Laureate Education, Inc. 1

Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

So the future is great if you take what’s out there and available, have the

computer work for you, design effective questionnaires, design effective things,

reach out to patients on a regular basis, know who communicates back to you,

but also know the ones who you’ve lost. It’s like anything else. The most

important patients are the ones that somehow got lost to follow-up. They’re the

ones that are going to come back and be the train wreck. They’re going to be the

ones that come back and show up in the hospital in the emergency room.

IT mean makes it a whole lot better than it used to be with just paper cards,

where he pull the cards out and see who needs to be reminded this month.

However, you still need to have people on your end, meaning the physician’s

office end, who’s looking at this and managing this to be able to make sure that

you’re communicating with your patients, they’re getting back to you, and you’re

seeing what needs to be done. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay

As we get farther along, and more and more people sign onto a patient portal–

that sort of thing– that’s where the magic comes in, because now, I can reach out

to all my diabetics through the portal. I can remind 1,000 people in 10 minutes by

just writing what I want to write, and send it all 1,000 of them. We didn’t have that

ability before.

The part that really makes it easier is we’re now actually getting to people

through their smartphones. And so we need to use these things that are out

there, the things that are available to us, that we can begin to take advantage

and really reach out to our patients. They love the convenience. And most

importantly, they appreciate that we care.

Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

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Analyzing Data for Clinical Success

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Accessible player

Vinay Shanthagiri. (2014). Big Data in Health Informatics [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4W6zGmH_pOw. Big Data Risks and Rewards in Healthcare Clinical System Essay