Tag: Management

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  • [Solved] Equity & Diversity Awareness Quiz – All Correct 100%

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    **Equity & Diversity Awareness Quiz** **All Correct** **Question 1** According to the National Center for Education Statistics, what is the percentage of U.S. schools with no teachers of color on staff? **Question 2** Compared with White women, how likely are African American women in the U.S. to di…

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    **Equity & Diversity Awareness Quiz**
    **All Correct**
    **Question 1**
    According to the National Center for Education Statistics, what is the percentage of U.S. schools with no teachers of color on staff?
    **Question 2**
    Compared with White women, how likely are African American women in the U.S. to die during childbirth due to a lack of access to prenatal care, according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?
    **Question 3**
    According to a study by the American Association of Physicians for Human Rights, what percentage of physicians report witnessing a colleague giving reduced care or refusing care to lesbian, gay, or bisexual patients?
    **Question 4**
    In a 2007 study, UNICEF rated the treatment of children in the 23 wealthiest countries in the world based on 40 indicators of child well-being. Which two countries received the lowest ratings?
    **Question 5**
    According to a 2006 report from the American Civil Liberties Union, African Americans comprise more than 37% of people arrested for drug use, 59% of those convicted for drug use, and 74% of those sentenced to prison for drug use. African Americans comprise what percentage of U.S. drug users?
    **Question 6**
    The U.S. military budget is by far the highest of any country in the world. How much higher is the U.S. military budget than that of China, the world’s second biggest military spender?
    **Question 7**
    Compared with their U.S.-born peers, how likely are immigrant men in the U.S., ages 18-39, to be in jail or prison, according to a 2008 report from the Immigration Policy Center?
    **Question 8**
    According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the median annual income for U.S. white men, 25 years or older, who have earned graduate degrees, is $80,000. What are the median annual incomes for Latina and Native American women, 25 years or older, who have earned graduate degrees?
    **Question 9**
    According to UNICEF, the wealth of the three richest people in the world is roughly equal to the combined Gross Domestic Product of:
    **Question 10**
    Powder cocaine (largely used by wealthy people) and crack cocaine (largely used by economically disadvantaged people) contain roughly the same amount of the drug per gram. Under federal law, how much of these substances must an individual be convicted of possessing to be sentenced to a mandatory minimum of five years in prison?
    **Question 11**
    What percentage of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender high school students report that their teachers “never” or “rarely” respond to homophobic remarks made by other students, according to a national study by GLSEN?
    **Question 12**
    Based on a 2007 report from the Economic Policy Institute, the annual earnings of the average full-time U.S. worker is roughly equal to:
    **Question 13**
    What portion of the U.S. Government budget goes to welfare and Social Security?
    **Question 14**
    A Princeton study of elite universities in the U.S. found that legacy applicants—people, usually white and wealthy, with a parent or grandparent who attended the institution—are far more privileged by legacy status than applicants of color are by affirmative action policies. The study determined that legacy status was roughly equivalent to how much of a boost to an applicant’s SAT score?
    **Question 15**
    In 1978 corporate CEOs in the United States earned, on average, 35 times more than the average worker. Today, they earn __ times more than the average worker.1 1. The State of Working America 2004/2005 by Lawrence Mishel, Jared Bernstein, and Sylvia Allegretto, 2005, p. 214.
    **Question 16**
    The majority of poor people in the U.S. live in
    **Question 17**
    According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, approximately 33% of the U.S. workforce was unionized in 1962. What percentage is unionized today?
    **Question 18**
    Which of the following variables most closely predicts how high someone will score on the SAT test?
    **Question 19**
    How many children around the world die each day from hunger-related causes? 2 2. “Where and Why Are 10 Million Children Dying Every Year” (2003) by Robert Black, Saul Morris, and Jennifer Bryce in The Lancet, 361.
    **Question 20**
    The U.S. military budget is by far the highest of any country in the world. By 2003, the U.S. military budget was roughly equal to that of:
    **Question 21**
    What percentage of people around the world lives on less than $750 per year?
    **Question 22**
    How many people in the U.S. live in poverty according to the U.S. Census Bureau?
    **Question 23**
    According to the U.S. Census Bureau, how much more likely are African American and Latino mortgage applicants to be turned down for a loan, even after controlling for employment, financial, and neighborhood factors?
    **Question 24**
    According to a Catalyst study, what percentage of Fortune 500 CEOs are women?
    **Question 25**
    According to the U.S. Census Bureau, how many millionaires are there in the U.S.?
    **Question 26**
    Which of the following statements is consistent with research on poverty and education in the U.S.?
    **Question 27**
    According to United for a Fair Economy, how much money did the U.S. government spend in 2005 on corporate welfare (economic incentives, often provided to support corporations’ expansions into overseas markets)?
    **Equity & Diversity Awareness Quiz – All Correct 100%**
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  • [Solved] Week 4 Discussion- Account for Managment Decision Making

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    **The Impact of Sunk and Opportunity Costs** Two types of costs that can easily be overlooked when making decisions are sunk costs and opportunity costs. A sunk cost is a cost that was incurred in the past. It cannot be recovered or changed regardless of any management decisions. An opportunity cost…

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    **The Impact of Sunk and Opportunity Costs**
    Two types of costs that can easily be overlooked when making decisions are sunk costs and opportunity costs. A sunk cost is a cost that was incurred in the past. It cannot be recovered or changed regardless of any management decisions. An opportunity cost is the cost associated with not choosing one alternative over another, and it can be measured in monetary and non-monetary means. For example, imagine that an organization hosted a 3-day retreat to promote team building, but it was unappreciated by the employees and caused more harm than good. Once the retreat was paid for and attended, it was a sunk cost, since the managers can never return to the past and change the fact the retreat happened. The opportunity costs in this situation could be that employees could have spent those 3 days more productively by completing a project, the funds for the retreat could have been utilized elsewhere (e.g., bonuses), or a more effective retreat or team-building exercise could have been booked instead. In this Discussion, you will consider an example of a sunk or opportunity cost and its impact on an organization.
    **To prepare for this Discussion:**
    – Consider an example from your professional career of either a sunk cost or an opportunity cost.
    **Post** an analysis of the impact of costs for an organization, to include the following:
    – Describe an example of a sunk cost or opportunity cost from your current or past professional career, including why it would be either defined as a sunk cost or an opportunity cost.
    – Analyze the impact that this cost had on the organization, including how the main stakeholder(s) were affected by this situation.
    – With an understanding of sunk or opportunity costs, propose how you, as the manager, might address this scenario differently.
    \
    WAL_MBAX_6050_Week04_assignmentTemplate.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/wal-mbax-6050-week04-assignmenttemplate-docx "WAL_MBAX_6050_Week04_assignmentTemplate.docx")
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    Week4LearningResources-AccountforManagmentDecisionmMaking.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week4learningresources-accountformanagmentdecisionmmaking-docx "Week4LearningResources-AccountforManagmentDecisionmMaking.docx")

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  • [Solved] Project

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    See attached – ## GizmotronsProductRolloutcopy.docx – ## TeamCharterexample.docx **## GizmotronsProductRolloutcopy.docx** **DELIVERABLE** This deliverable requires you to create a project charter, a WBS in pictorial inverted- tree format, and an MS Project file for the project. The WBS pictorial can…

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    See attached

    – ## GizmotronsProductRolloutcopy.docx

    – ## TeamCharterexample.docx

    **## GizmotronsProductRolloutcopy.docx**

    **DELIVERABLE**

    This deliverable requires you to create a project charter, a WBS in pictorial inverted-

    tree format, and an MS Project file for the project.

    The WBS pictorial can be put together using any software you wish. One easy way to do this is

    to use the MS Excel org chart template. Stormboard (which currently has a free subscription),

    Visio, MS PowerPoint, etc. are other tools you may wish to consider. A neat and
    **very legible**

    hand-drawn version is also acceptable.

    Your Microsoft Project file must clearly reflect the structure of your WBS inverted-tree pictorial,

    should show all activities under each work package, their duration, and their dependencies

    (predecessors), as well as clearly show the critical path (or paths) colored in RED. In addition,

    add a column to your MS Project file labeled "OWNER" and place in it, for each activity, the

    name of the team member who identified that activity and provided and verified correctness of

    the duration and predecessors of that activity.

    **Gizmotron’s Product Rollout**

    The selected project should bring out real-world consideration and challenges, so it should not be too simple or trivial. Here are basic assignment requirements which will ensure that your project is not too easy or too challenging:

    Make sure that there are three or four main deliverables (first level of WBS)

    Have between 10 to 16 work packages (“leaves” of the WBS)

    Have between 25 to 40 activities

    The activities should have a reasonable amount of concurrency, meaning that it should be

    possible to perform some of them in parallel.

    Gizmotron’s Product Rollout

    Note: The information in the project description below provides most but not all information that you will need to develop reasonably sound scope, schedule, and cost baselines for the product rollout project. There are some deliberate minor gaps in the information that will require you to use some common sense and judgment, even some plausible intuition/guesswork in a very few cases. Seldom will youencounter real life projects that are detailed to 100% accuracy and perfection, so this project is intended

    to demonstrate that there is some room for judgment, flexibility, reasonable assumptions, and common

    sense in project management, as opposed to investing unreasonable amounts of time and effort in

    striving for complete perfection and accuracy (which are usually not attainable anyway!). Hence, there is

    no one right “solution” here. Different teams could come up with slightly different scope, schedule, and

    cost baselines. When you work through this assignment as a team, do not waste time quibbling over infinitesimal details. Strive for a “roughly right” but logically and practically sound approach which you can defend if you need to.

    Gizmotron is rolling out a new product in several metropolitan areas in the US. For the purposes of this assignment, let us restrict our attention to the Chicago area. An extensive marketing campaign is being planned in eight Chicagoland suburbs. For the purposes of this assignment, you may group the campaigns for the eight suburbs, so there is just one Chicagoland campaign as opposed to eight separate ones.

    The Chicagoland marketing campaign comprises three major efforts, which are distinct but interrelated, meaning that there are dependencies between activities in the three efforts: Publicity, events, and sales/marketing. Here is a brief description of each of the three efforts:

    1. Publicity: News of the event needs to be disseminated. This will be done via mailings (of a

    brochure) and media (radio and TV ads). Mailings require graphics design, developing a

    brochure (based on the graphics design and content provided by the sales/marketing effort),

    and a two-part mailing campaign: paper-mail as well as e-mail. The paper-mail campaign is to

    occur a week after the email campaign has ended (because the email campaign will generate

    some leads on who should be targeted in the paper-mail campaign). The media component has

    two aspects: radio ads and TV ads, each of which requires scripting and slotting (when to run the

    ads). Some details associated with the various activities are:

    a. Graphics design is based on “intelligence” provided by the sales/marketing effort that provides

    the graphics design team a draft proposal of the key types of messages to include and also some

    content to back-up those messages. (The graphics design team may further refine the content.)

    Graphics design takes 8 business days (after the draft proposal has been received). Its total cost is

    approximately $5,000.2. 3.

    b. The brochure takes 4 business days (after graphics design is completed) to finalize and the cost is

    about $2,000

    c. The e-mail campaign commences right after the brochure is ready and takes 1 business day (cost

    $6,000). A week after the email campaign ends, the paper-mail campaign commences and lasts 3

    business days (cost $5,000).

    d. Scripting for the radio and TV ads take 3 business days and 7 business days (respectively), costs

    being $2,000 and $5,000 (respectively). The scripting is also based on the draft proposal from

    sales/marketing. The slotting effort for the radio and TV ads takes 2 business days each (at a cost

    of $1,000 each). The radio ad slotting uses a radio listener report done by the sales/marketing

    team, and the TV ad slotting uses a TV watchers report, also done by the sales/marketing team.

    The radio and TV ads run over a period of 10 business days, commencing immediately after

    slotting has been finalized.

    Events: The events effort comprises venue identification and setup, catering, and agenda

    finalization (speakers, entertainment, giveaways, etc.). Venue identification and setup as well as

    catering are contracted out to companies who can be trusted to complete on time and budget.

    Venue identification takes 5 business days (cost $2,000 for eight venues) and must be

    completed before the brochures are finalized (simply because the addresses are needed for the

    brochures). Venue setup is the act of determining how much space to rent at the venue, how

    the space will be organized, etc. This cannot be started until after the mailing campaigns (paper

    and email), radio and TV ads have run (because campaign statistics/viewership is used to

    estimate event attendance). Venue setup (for all 8 venues) takes 6 business days and costs

    $5,000.

    Catering cannot be started until after the mailing campaigns (paper and email), radio and TV ads

    have run, and (for all 8 venues) takes 6 business days to finalize, with catering costs dependent

    on projected attendance. From historical data, catering costs are estimated to average $4,000

    per venue.

    Agenda finalization requires contracting (for speakers, entertainment, etc.) and product

    promotion planning (displaying, demonstrating, giveaways, etc. of products). The contracting

    and promotion planning are both dependent on projected attendance. Contracting (for all 8

    venues) takes 6 business days and the total costs are anticipated to be around $60,000 (which

    includes speaker fees). Total promotion planning duration is 10 business days (cost $35,000,

    which includes product giveaways).

    Sales/marketing: This effort comprises (market) message development, marketing analysis,

    surveys, and legal approval. Message development is broken into two parts: draft proposal development (5 business days, $5000) and executive approval (2 business days, $1,000). The message development does not start until after the surveys are completed. The survey effort comprises focus groups (10 business days, $15,000) and web surveys (4 business days, $6,000). Marketing analysis includes development of a radio listener report and a TV watchers report, each of which takes 3 days and costs $2,000. The surveying effort requires legal approval (2 days, $1,000 for each approval) prior to conducting focus groups and web surveys, and the draft proposal requires legal approval after it is developed (and before it is released to the

    promotions team).

    **## TeamCharterexample.docx**

    **Team Charter: Grey, Timothy, and Spencer**

    **Communication Plan**

    Grey will be responsible for the Communication Plan. Our team will coordinate primarily through email and group chat to ensure rapid responses and accountability. Weekly virtual meetings will be held to track progress, clarify responsibilities, and discuss challenges. All updates and meeting notes will be stored in a shared document repository for transparency.

    **Conflict Management Plan**

    Grey will also be responsible for the Conflict Management Plan. In cases of conflict, the first step will be direct communication between the involved parties. If unresolved, the issue will be escalated to the team as a whole during scheduled meetings. For non-responsiveness, a reminder will be sent after one day, followed by escalation to the professor if no communication occurs within three days. Emergency situations will be accommodated by redistributing tasks.

    **Document Management Plan**

    Spencer will manage the Document Management Plan. All team documents will be stored in a central shared drive (e.g., Google Drive or OneDrive) with clearly labeled folders for drafts, finalized documents, and reference materials. Version control will be maintained by including dates in file names and only one person at a time making edits to avoid conflicts.

    **Quality Plan**

    Spencer will also oversee the Quality Plan. All documents and deliverables will undergo peer review by at least one other team member before submission. Formatting will follow APA guidelines, and a standardized template will be used to maintain consistency. Final review sessions will be conducted prior to submission to ensure accuracy, completeness, and professionalism.

    **Roles & Responsibilities**

    Timothy will lead the Roles & Responsibilities section. Work will be divided among the team to ensure balanced workload distribution. Grey will handle Communication and Conflict Management, Spencer will oversee Document Management and Quality, and Timothy will coordinate overall team responsibilities and finalize role assignments. A fictitious customer role will be assumed by one designated team member to provide realistic project dynamics, and this role will be rotated if necessary. Everything will be completed on or before 1 September 2025.

    **Quality Plan**

    **Purpose and quality objectives**

    Our goal is to deliver a four-page Team Charter that is fit for purpose and meets stakeholder expectations: clear, complete, consistent, and aligned to the assignment brief. In PMBOK 7e terms, quality activities should both move the deliverable quickly to the point of delivery and prevent or catch defects early to avoid rework, while aligning with explicit acceptance criteria.

    **Acceptance criteria and “Definition of Done”**

    The assignment’s Quality Plan must ensure the final submission:

    1. addresses all five required charter elements and fits within four double-spaced pages;

    2. demonstrates high-level integration of PMBOK 6e Integration and Scope processes and PMBOK 7e principles;

    3. uses consistent voice, APA citations, and polished mechanics; and

    4. evidences a coherent team process (communication, conflict handling, roles).
    We will operationalize these through a simple Definition of Done checklist that includes content coverage, style/format checks, and evidence that deliverables have been “verified” and then “accepted,” consistent with the path from Control Quality to Validate Scope and into Close Project or Phase.

    **Standards and sources of truth**

    Content must reflect the required readings: PMBOK 6e (Scope 5.1–5.6 at the appropriate high-level depth), PMBOK 7e Delivery Performance Domain (focus on value, deliverables, DoD), and the Team Charter instructions (Quality Plan and Document Management Plan expectations).

    **Quality assurance (build quality in)**

    Given our dispersed schedule (Grey in Japan/Philippines; Timothy in Tennessee; Spencer ramping up mid-week), we will design the workflow to surface issues early, reducing the cost of change. Each contributor drafts against the DoD by
    **Monday 12:00 Eastern** (which is
    **00:00 Tuesday PHT** and
    **01:00 Tuesday JST**), enabling an early integrated review and defect prevention before we’re forced into costly late edits.

    Practices:

    •
    **Calibrated outline** tied to the assignment rubric and readings before drafting (prevents scope and quality drift).

    •
    **Peer dialog** in Signal for ambiguities and edge cases; quick decisions reduce “done drift.”

    **Quality control (verification and acceptance)**

    We will use a two-gate approach:

    •
    **Gate 1 – Verification:** Monday consolidated draft is checked against the DoD, assignment guidelines, and references (content coverage, flow, APA, mechanics).

    •
    **Gate 2 – Acceptance:** A designated “customer” proxy performs a final acceptance read. This mirrors PMBOK’s flow from verified deliverables (Control Quality) to accepted deliverables (Validate Scope).

    **Customer proxy:** Assign Spencer as the acceptance authority for this charter (he offered to take on larger sections and is assembling pieces). The instructor remains the ultimate customer; Spencer acts as our internal proxy for formal acceptance before submission. (This also satisfies the “customer role” requirement.)

    **Metrics, thresholds, and escalation**

    We will track three simple measures: a) completeness (all required elements present), b) conformance (APA/style/format), and c) coherence (logical flow across sections). Threshold: zero critical gaps; minor style issues acceptable if corrected by Tuesday morning. If Gate 1 uncovers material gaps, the section owner has a two-hour window to remediate; if not feasible, the compiler makes targeted edits. This satisfies the Quality Plan line items in the Team Charter Guidelines.

    **Interface with Scope management**

    Our quality controls reinforce scope discipline: we will
    **Validate Scope** by comparing the assembled draft to the scope baseline implied by the charter instructions; any material scope change triggers a quick change decision in Signal (major change = consensus vote; minor edit = editor decision).

    **Knowledge capture**

    After submission, we log two lessons learned: one process improvement and one content insight, to seed the course repository. This aligns to Manage Project Knowledge in the weekly lecture.

    **Document Management Plan**

    **Repository and single source of truth**

    We will use a shared Google Docs folder as the
    **authoring** space and maintain a
    **Master Charter** document as the single source of truth. Only the compiler edits the Master directly; contributors draft in their own files and paste into the Master during the integration window. This prevents collisions when “multiple team members contribute to the same document” and preserves integrity, per the Charter Guidelines.

    **Access:** All teammates (Grey, Timothy, Spencer, plus the fourth member if they appear) have edit access; the compiler owns the folder and ensures backups.
    **Communications:** Signal remains the rapid channel for coordination (already established in the thread). Meeting minutes, if any, are short and posted to the group space, as requested in the guidelines.

    **Versioning and file naming**

    Drafts use the pattern: Team#_Charter_<Section>_<Initials>_v0.1_YYYYMMDD-HHMM. The Master carries v1.0-Submitted upon finalization and is exported to PDF for submission. The version log sits at the top of the Master with date, editor, and a one-line change note. This lightweight configuration control mirrors PMBOK guidance to keep acceptance criteria and WBS-level attributes clear in the supporting “dictionary” for each deliverable segment.

    **Contribution workflow and deadlines**

    1.
    **Drafting:** Each owner produces their section by
    **Monday12:00 Eastern** (00:00 Tuesday PHT; 01:00 Tuesday JST).

    2.
    **Integration:** The compiler integrates from 12:00–16:00 Eastern and requests clarifications in Signal.

    3.
    **Gate 1 Verification:** 16:00–18:00 Eastern.

    4.
    **Gate 2 Acceptance:** 18:00–20:00 Eastern by the customer proxy.

    5.
    **Submission package:** Tuesday morning Eastern.
    This cadence emphasizes early value and interim deliverables, consistent with PMBOK 7e’s Delivery of Value perspective.

    **Change control within documents**

    Minor editorial changes (grammar, local rewrites for cohesion) may be executed by the compiler without prior approval. Substantive content changes (adding or removing required elements) are flagged with a comment and decided in Signal via quick voting. This aligns with the integration/change-control flow highlighted in the Unit 2 lecture: small changes can be handled informally; larger ones should be explicitly decided and traced.

    **Referencing and traceability**

    We will cite PMBOK 6e/7e and the Unit 2 materials directly in text and reference list. A simple trace table (kept in the Master’s appendix) maps the five required charter elements to the exact paragraphs where they are addressed. This brings the spirit of a requirements traceability matrix to a short paper, ensuring every requirement adds value and is verifiably covered.

    **Formatting and polish**

    Style is APA, 12-pt font, double spacing, and consistent headings. We avoid overuse of lists and hyphens to maintain flow and a professional tone, as requested by the instructor’s guidelines for quality and coherence.

    **Risk controls for distributed work**

    Time-zone and availability risks (Grey traveling; fourth member absent) are mitigated by the Monday noon Eastern internal deadline and a single compiler. If a section is not delivered by the internal deadline, the compiler drafts a placeholder to maintain flow, then tags the owner for edits within the verification window. This keeps us oriented to deliverables instead of activities, a distinction Davidson stresses when “laying out your plan.”

    **## TeamCharterexample.docx**

    **Team Charter: Grey, Timothy, and Spencer**

    **Communication Plan**

    Grey will be responsible for the Communication Plan. Our team will coordinate primarily through email and group chat to ensure rapid responses and accountability. Weekly virtual meetings will be held to track progress, clarify responsibilities, and discuss challenges. All updates and meeting notes will be stored in a shared document repository for transparency.

    **Conflict Management Plan**

    Grey will also be responsible for the Conflict Management Plan. In cases of conflict, the first step will be direct communication between the involved parties. If unresolved, the issue will be escalated to the team as a whole during scheduled meetings. For non-responsiveness, a reminder will be sent after one day, followed by escalation to the professor if no communication occurs within three days. Emergency situations will be accommodated by redistributing tasks.

    **Document Management Plan**

    Spencer will manage the Document Management Plan. All team documents will be stored in a central shared drive (e.g., Google Drive or OneDrive) with clearly labeled folders for drafts, finalized documents, and reference materials. Version control will be maintained by including dates in file names and only one person at a time making edits to avoid conflicts.

    **Quality Plan**

    Spencer will also oversee the Quality Plan. All documents and deliverables will undergo peer review by at least one other team member before submission. Formatting will follow APA guidelines, and a standardized template will be used to maintain consistency. Final review sessions will be conducted prior to submission to ensure accuracy, completeness, and professionalism.

    **Roles & Responsibilities**

    Timothy will lead the Roles & Responsibilities section. Work will be divided among the team to ensure balanced workload distribution. Grey will handle Communication and Conflict Management, Spencer will oversee Document Management and Quality, and Timothy will coordinate overall team responsibilities and finalize role assignments. A fictitious customer role will be assumed by one designated team member to provide realistic project dynamics, and this role will be rotated if necessary. Everything will be completed on or before 1 September 2025.

    **Quality Plan**

    **Purpose and quality objectives**

    Our goal is to deliver a four-page Team Charter that is fit for purpose and meets stakeholder expectations: clear, complete, consistent, and aligned to the assignment brief. In PMBOK 7e terms, quality activities should both move the deliverable quickly to the point of delivery and prevent or catch defects early to avoid rework, while aligning with explicit acceptance criteria.

    **Acceptance criteria and “Definition of Done”**

    The assignment’s Quality Plan must ensure the final submission:

    1. addresses all five required charter elements and fits within four double-spaced pages;

    2. demonstrates high-level integration of PMBOK 6e Integration and Scope processes and PMBOK 7e principles;

    3. uses consistent voice, APA citations, and polished mechanics; and

    4. evidences a coherent team process (communication, conflict handling, roles).
    We will operationalize these through a simple Definition of Done checklist that includes content coverage, style/format checks, and evidence that deliverables have been “verified” and then “accepted,” consistent with the path from Control Quality to Validate Scope and into Close Project or Phase.

    **Standards and sources of truth**

    Content must reflect the required readings: PMBOK 6e (Scope 5.1–5.6 at the appropriate high-level depth), PMBOK 7e Delivery Performance Domain (focus on value, deliverables, DoD), and the Team Charter instructions (Quality Plan and Document Management Plan expectations).

    **Quality assurance (build quality in)**

    Given our dispersed schedule (Grey in Japan/Philippines; Timothy in Tennessee; Spencer ramping up mid-week), we will design the workflow to surface issues early, reducing the cost of change. Each contributor drafts against the DoD by
    **Monday 12:00 Eastern** (which is
    **00:00 Tuesday PHT** and
    **01:00 Tuesday JST**), enabling an early integrated review and defect prevention before we’re forced into costly late edits.

    Practices:

    •
    **Calibrated outline** tied to the assignment rubric and readings before drafting (prevents scope and quality drift).

    •
    **Peer dialog** in Signal for ambiguities and edge cases; quick decisions reduce “done drift.”

    **Quality control (verification and acceptance)**

    We will use a two-gate approach:

    •
    **Gate 1 – Verification:** Monday consolidated draft is checked against the DoD, assignment guidelines, and references (content coverage, flow, APA, mechanics).

    •
    **Gate 2 – Acceptance:** A designated “customer” proxy performs a final acceptance read. This mirrors PMBOK’s flow from verified deliverables (Control Quality) to accepted deliverables (Validate Scope).

    **Customer proxy:** Assign Spencer as the acceptance authority for this charter (he offered to take on larger sections and is assembling pieces). The instructor remains the ultimate customer; Spencer acts as our internal proxy for formal acceptance before submission. (This also satisfies the “customer role” requirement.)

    **Metrics, thresholds, and escalation**

    We will track three simple measures: a) completeness (all required elements present), b) conformance (APA/style/format), and c) coherence (logical flow across sections). Threshold: zero critical gaps; minor style issues acceptable if corrected by Tuesday morning. If Gate 1 uncovers material gaps, the section owner has a two-hour window to remediate; if not feasible, the compiler makes targeted edits. This satisfies the Quality Plan line items in the Team Charter Guidelines.

    **Interface with Scope management**

    Our quality controls reinforce scope discipline: we will
    **Validate Scope** by comparing the assembled draft to the scope baseline implied by the charter instructions; any material scope change triggers a quick change decision in Signal (major change = consensus vote; minor edit = editor decision).

    **Knowledge capture**

    After submission, we log two lessons learned: one process improvement and one content insight, to seed the course repository. This aligns to Manage Project Knowledge in the weekly lecture.

    **Document Management Plan**

    **Repository and single source of truth**

    We will use a shared Google Docs folder as the
    **authoring** space and maintain a
    **Master Charter** document as the single source of truth. Only the compiler edits the Master directly; contributors draft in their own files and paste into the Master during the integration window. This prevents collisions when “multiple team members contribute to the same document” and preserves integrity, per the Charter Guidelines.

    **Access:** All teammates (Grey, Timothy, Spencer, plus the fourth member if they appear) have edit access; the compiler owns the folder and ensures backups.
    **Communications:** Signal remains the rapid channel for coordination (already established in the thread). Meeting minutes, if any, are short and posted to the group space, as requested in the guidelines.

    **Versioning and file naming**

    Drafts use the pattern: Team#_Charter_<Section>_<Initials>_v0.1_YYYYMMDD-HHMM. The Master carries v1.0-Submitted upon finalization and is exported to PDF for submission. The version log sits at the top of the Master with date, editor, and a one-line change note. This lightweight configuration control mirrors PMBOK guidance to keep acceptance criteria and WBS-level attributes clear in the supporting “dictionary” for each deliverable segment.

    **Contribution workflow and deadlines**

    1.
    **Drafting:** Each owner produces their section by
    **Monday12:00 Eastern** (00:00 Tuesday PHT; 01:00 Tuesday JST).

    2.
    **Integration:** The compiler integrates from 12:00–16:00 Eastern and requests clarifications in Signal.

    3.
    **Gate 1 Verification:** 16:00–18:00 Eastern.

    4.
    **Gate 2 Acceptance:** 18:00–20:00 Eastern by the customer proxy.

    5.
    **Submission package:** Tuesday morning Eastern.
    This cadence emphasizes early value and interim deliverables, consistent with PMBOK 7e’s Delivery of Value perspective.

    **Change control within documents**

    Minor editorial changes (grammar, local rewrites for cohesion) may be executed by the compiler without prior approval. Substantive content changes (adding or removing required elements) are flagged with a comment and decided in Signal via quick voting. This aligns with the integration/change-control flow highlighted in the Unit 2 lecture: small changes can be handled informally; larger ones should be explicitly decided and traced.

    **Referencing and traceability**

    We will cite PMBOK 6e/7e and the Unit 2 materials directly in text and reference list. A simple trace table (kept in the Master’s appendix) maps the five required charter elements to the exact paragraphs where they are addressed. This brings the spirit of a requirements traceability matrix to a short paper, ensuring every requirement adds value and is verifiably covered.

    **Formatting and polish**

    Style is APA, 12-pt font, double spacing, and consistent headings. We avoid overuse of lists and hyphens to maintain flow and a professional tone, as requested by the instructor’s guidelines for quality and coherence.

    **Risk controls for distributed work**

    Time-zone and availability risks (Grey traveling; fourth member absent) are mitigated by the Monday noon Eastern internal deadline and a single compiler. If a section is not delivered by the internal deadline, the compiler drafts a placeholder to maintain flow, then tags the owner for edits within the verification window. This keeps us oriented to deliverables instead of activities, a distinction Davidson stresses when “laying out your plan.”

    **## GizmotronsProductRolloutcopy.docx**

    **DELIVERABLE**

    This deliverable requires you to create a project charter, a WBS in pictorial inverted-

    tree format, and an MS Project file for the project.

    The WBS pictorial can be put together using any software you wish. One easy way to do this is

    to use the MS Excel org chart template. Stormboard (which currently has a free subscription),

    Visio, MS PowerPoint, etc. are other tools you may wish to consider. A neat and
    **very legible**

    hand-drawn version is also acceptable.

    Your Microsoft Project file must clearly reflect the structure of your WBS inverted-tree pictorial,

    should show all activities under each work package, their duration, and their dependencies

    (predecessors), as well as clearly show the critical path (or paths) colored in RED. In addition,

    add a column to your MS Project file labeled "OWNER" and place in it, for each activity, the

    name of the team member who identified that activity and provided and verified correctness of

    the duration and predecessors of that activity.

    **Gizmotron’s Product Rollout**

    The selected project should bring out real-world consideration and challenges, so it should not be too simple or trivial. Here are basic assignment requirements which will ensure that your project is not too easy or too challenging:

    Make sure that there are three or four main deliverables (first level of WBS)

    Have between 10 to 16 work packages (“leaves” of the WBS)

    Have between 25 to 40 activities

    The activities should have a reasonable amount of concurrency, meaning that it should be

    possible to perform some of them in parallel.

    Gizmotron’s Product Rollout

    Note: The information in the project description below provides most but not all information that you will need to develop reasonably sound scope, schedule, and cost baselines for the product rollout project. There are some deliberate minor gaps in the information that will require you to use some common sense and judgment, even some plausible intuition/guesswork in a very few cases. Seldom will youencounter real life projects that are detailed to 100% accuracy and perfection, so this project is intended

    to demonstrate that there is some room for judgment, flexibility, reasonable assumptions, and common

    sense in project management, as opposed to investing unreasonable amounts of time and effort in

    striving for complete perfection and accuracy (which are usually not attainable anyway!). Hence, there is

    no one right “solution” here. Different teams could come up with slightly different scope, schedule, and

    cost baselines. When you work through this assignment as a team, do not waste time quibbling over infinitesimal details. Strive for a “roughly right” but logically and practically sound approach which you can defend if you need to.

    Gizmotron is rolling out a new product in several metropolitan areas in the US. For the purposes of this assignment, let us restrict our attention to the Chicago area. An extensive marketing campaign is being planned in eight Chicagoland suburbs. For the purposes of this assignment, you may group the campaigns for the eight suburbs, so there is just one Chicagoland campaign as opposed to eight separate ones.

    The Chicagoland marketing campaign comprises three major efforts, which are distinct but interrelated, meaning that there are dependencies between activities in the three efforts: Publicity, events, and sales/marketing. Here is a brief description of each of the three efforts:

    1. Publicity: News of the event needs to be disseminated. This will be done via mailings (of a

    brochure) and media (radio and TV ads). Mailings require graphics design, developing a

    brochure (based on the graphics design and content provided by the sales/marketing effort),

    and a two-part mailing campaign: paper-mail as well as e-mail. The paper-mail campaign is to

    occur a week after the email campaign has ended (because the email campaign will generate

    some leads on who should be targeted in the paper-mail campaign). The media component has

    two aspects: radio ads and TV ads, each of which requires scripting and slotting (when to run the

    ads). Some details associated with the various activities are:

    a. Graphics design is based on “intelligence” provided by the sales/marketing effort that provides

    the graphics design team a draft proposal of the key types of messages to include and also some

    content to back-up those messages. (The graphics design team may further refine the content.)

    Graphics design takes 8 business days (after the draft proposal has been received). Its total cost is

    approximately $5,000.2. 3.

    b. The brochure takes 4 business days (after graphics design is completed) to finalize and the cost is

    about $2,000

    c. The e-mail campaign commences right after the brochure is ready and takes 1 business day (cost

    $6,000). A week after the email campaign ends, the paper-mail campaign commences and lasts 3

    business days (cost $5,000).

    d. Scripting for the radio and TV ads take 3 business days and 7 business days (respectively), costs

    being $2,000 and $5,000 (respectively). The scripting is also based on the draft proposal from

    sales/marketing. The slotting effort for the radio and TV ads takes 2 business days each (at a cost

    of $1,000 each). The radio ad slotting uses a radio listener report done by the sales/marketing

    team, and the TV ad slotting uses a TV watchers report, also done by the sales/marketing team.

    The radio and TV ads run over a period of 10 business days, commencing immediately after

    slotting has been finalized.

    Events: The events effort comprises venue identification and setup, catering, and agenda

    finalization (speakers, entertainment, giveaways, etc.). Venue identification and setup as well as

    catering are contracted out to companies who can be trusted to complete on time and budget.

    Venue identification takes 5 business days (cost $2,000 for eight venues) and must be

    completed before the brochures are finalized (simply because the addresses are needed for the

    brochures). Venue setup is the act of determining how much space to rent at the venue, how

    the space will be organized, etc. This cannot be started until after the mailing campaigns (paper

    and email), radio and TV ads have run (because campaign statistics/viewership is used to

    estimate event attendance). Venue setup (for all 8 venues) takes 6 business days and costs

    $5,000.

    Catering cannot be started until after the mailing campaigns (paper and email), radio and TV ads

    have run, and (for all 8 venues) takes 6 business days to finalize, with catering costs dependent

    on projected attendance. From historical data, catering costs are estimated to average $4,000

    per venue.

    Agenda finalization requires contracting (for speakers, entertainment, etc.) and product

    promotion planning (displaying, demonstrating, giveaways, etc. of products). The contracting

    and promotion planning are both dependent on projected attendance. Contracting (for all 8

    venues) takes 6 business days and the total costs are anticipated to be around $60,000 (which

    includes speaker fees). Total promotion planning duration is 10 business days (cost $35,000,

    which includes product giveaways).

    Sales/marketing: This effort comprises (market) message development, marketing analysis,

    surveys, and legal approval. Message development is broken into two parts: draft proposal development (5 business days, $5000) and executive approval (2 business days, $1,000). The message development does not start until after the surveys are completed. The survey effort comprises focus groups (10 business days, $15,000) and web surveys (4 business days, $6,000). Marketing analysis includes development of a radio listener report and a TV watchers report, each of which takes 3 days and costs $2,000. The surveying effort requires legal approval (2 days, $1,000 for each approval) prior to conducting focus groups and web surveys, and the draft proposal requires legal approval after it is developed (and before it is released to the

    promotions team).

    **## TeamCharterexample.docx**

    **Team Charter: Grey, Timothy, and Spencer**

    **Communication Plan**

    Grey will be responsible for the Communication Plan. Our team will coordinate primarily through email and group chat to ensure rapid responses and accountability. Weekly virtual meetings will be held to track progress, clarify responsibilities, and discuss challenges. All updates and meeting notes will be stored in a shared document repository for transparency.

    **Conflict Management Plan**

    Grey will also be responsible for the Conflict Management Plan. In cases of conflict, the first step will be direct communication between the involved parties. If unresolved, the issue will be escalated to the team as a whole during scheduled meetings. For non-responsiveness, a reminder will be sent after one day, followed by escalation to the professor if no communication occurs within three days. Emergency situations will be accommodated by redistributing tasks.

    **Document Management Plan**

    Spencer will manage the Document Management Plan. All team documents will be stored in a central shared drive (e.g., Google Drive or OneDrive) with clearly labeled folders for drafts, finalized documents, and reference materials. Version control will be maintained by including dates in file names and only one person at a time making edits to avoid conflicts.

    **Quality Plan**

    Spencer will also oversee the Quality Plan. All documents and deliverables will undergo peer review by at least one other team member before submission. Formatting will follow APA guidelines, and a standardized template will be used to maintain consistency. Final review sessions will be conducted prior to submission to ensure accuracy, completeness, and professionalism.

    **Roles & Responsibilities**

    Timothy will lead the Roles & Responsibilities section. Work will be divided among the team to ensure balanced workload distribution. Grey will handle Communication and Conflict Management, Spencer will oversee Document Management and Quality, and Timothy will coordinate overall team responsibilities and finalize role assignments. A fictitious customer role will be assumed by one designated team member to provide realistic project dynamics, and this role will be rotated if necessary. Everything will be completed on or before 1 September 2025.

    **Quality Plan**

    **Purpose and quality objectives**

    Our goal is to deliver a four-page Team Charter that is fit for purpose and meets stakeholder expectations: clear, complete, consistent, and aligned to the assignment brief. In PMBOK 7e terms, quality activities should both move the deliverable quickly to the point of delivery and prevent or catch defects early to avoid rework, while aligning with explicit acceptance criteria.

    **Acceptance criteria and “Definition of Done”**

    The assignment’s Quality Plan must ensure the final submission:

    1. addresses all five required charter elements and fits within four double-spaced pages;

    2. demonstrates high-level integration of PMBOK 6e Integration and Scope processes and PMBOK 7e principles;

    3. uses consistent voice, APA citations, and polished mechanics; and

    4. evidences a coherent team process (communication, conflict handling, roles).
    We will operationalize these through a simple Definition of Done checklist that includes content coverage, style/format checks, and evidence that deliverables have been “verified” and then “accepted,” consistent with the path from Control Quality to Validate Scope and into Close Project or Phase.

    **Standards and sources of truth**

    Content must reflect the required readings: PMBOK 6e (Scope 5.1–5.6 at the appropriate high-level depth), PMBOK 7e Delivery Performance Domain (focus on value, deliverables, DoD), and the Team Charter instructions (Quality Plan and Document Management Plan expectations).

    **Quality assurance (build quality in)**

    Given our dispersed schedule (Grey in Japan/Philippines; Timothy in Tennessee; Spencer ramping up mid-week), we will design the workflow to surface issues early, reducing the cost of change. Each contributor drafts against the DoD by
    **Monday 12:00 Eastern** (which is
    **00:00 Tuesday PHT** and
    **01:00 Tuesday JST**), enabling an early integrated review and defect prevention before we’re forced into costly late edits.

    Practices:

    •
    **Calibrated outline** tied to the assignment rubric and readings before drafting (prevents scope and quality drift).

    •
    **Peer dialog** in Signal for ambiguities and edge cases; quick decisions reduce “done drift.”

    **Quality control (verification and acceptance)**

    We will use a two-gate approach:

    •
    **Gate 1 – Verification:** Monday consolidated draft is checked against the DoD, assignment guidelines, and references (content coverage, flow, APA, mechanics).

    •
    **Gate 2 – Acceptance:** A designated “customer” proxy performs a final acceptance read. This mirrors PMBOK’s flow from verified deliverables (Control Quality) to accepted deliverables (Validate Scope).

    **Customer proxy:** Assign Spencer as the acceptance authority for this charter (he offered to take on larger sections and is assembling pieces). The instructor remains the ultimate customer; Spencer acts as our internal proxy for formal acceptance before submission. (This also satisfies the “customer role” requirement.)

    **Metrics, thresholds, and escalation**

    We will track three simple measures: a) completeness (all required elements present), b) conformance (APA/style/format), and c) coherence (logical flow across sections). Threshold: zero critical gaps; minor style issues acceptable if corrected by Tuesday morning. If Gate 1 uncovers material gaps, the section owner has a two-hour window to remediate; if not feasible, the compiler makes targeted edits. This satisfies the Quality Plan line items in the Team Charter Guidelines.

    **Interface with Scope management**

    Our quality controls reinforce scope discipline: we will
    **Validate Scope** by comparing the assembled draft to the scope baseline implied by the charter instructions; any material scope change triggers a quick change decision in Signal (major change = consensus vote; minor edit = editor decision).

    **Knowledge capture**

    After submission, we log two lessons learned: one process improvement and one content insight, to seed the course repository. This aligns to Manage Project Knowledge in the weekly lecture.

    **Document Management Plan**

    **Repository and single source of truth**

    We will use a shared Google Docs folder as the
    **authoring** space and maintain a
    **Master Charter** document as the single source of truth. Only the compiler edits the Master directly; contributors draft in their own files and paste into the Master during the integration window. This prevents collisions when “multiple team members contribute to the same document” and preserves integrity, per the Charter Guidelines.

    **Access:** All teammates (Grey, Timothy, Spencer, plus the fourth member if they appear) have edit access; the compiler owns the folder and ensures backups.
    **Communications:** Signal remains the rapid channel for coordination (already established in the thread). Meeting minutes, if any, are short and posted to the group space, as requested in the guidelines.

    **Versioning and file naming**

    Drafts use the pattern: Team#_Charter_<Section>_<Initials>_v0.1_YYYYMMDD-HHMM. The Master carries v1.0-Submitted upon finalization and is exported to PDF for submission. The version log sits at the top of the Master with date, editor, and a one-line change note. This lightweight configuration control mirrors PMBOK guidance to keep acceptance criteria and WBS-level attributes clear in the supporting “dictionary” for each deliverable segment.

    **Contribution workflow and deadlines**

    1.
    **Drafting:** Each owner produces their section by
    **Monday12:00 Eastern** (00:00 Tuesday PHT; 01:00 Tuesday JST).

    2.
    **Integration:** The compiler integrates from 12:00–16:00 Eastern and requests clarifications in Signal.

    3.
    **Gate 1 Verification:** 16:00–18:00 Eastern.

    4.
    **Gate 2 Acceptance:** 18:00–20:00 Eastern by the customer proxy.

    5.
    **Submission package:** Tuesday morning Eastern.
    This cadence emphasizes early value and interim deliverables, consistent with PMBOK 7e’s Delivery of Value perspective.

    **Change control within documents**

    Minor editorial changes (grammar, local rewrites for cohesion) may be executed by the compiler without prior approval. Substantive content changes (adding or removing required elements) are flagged with a comment and decided in Signal via quick voting. This aligns with the integration/change-control flow highlighted in the Unit 2 lecture: small changes can be handled informally; larger ones should be explicitly decided and traced.

    **Referencing and traceability**

    We will cite PMBOK 6e/7e and the Unit 2 materials directly in text and reference list. A simple trace table (kept in the Master’s appendix) maps the five required charter elements to the exact paragraphs where they are addressed. This brings the spirit of a requirements traceability matrix to a short paper, ensuring every requirement adds value and is verifiably covered.

    **Formatting and polish**

    Style is APA, 12-pt font, double spacing, and consistent headings. We avoid overuse of lists and hyphens to maintain flow and a professional tone, as requested by the instructor’s guidelines for quality and coherence.

    **Risk controls for distributed work**

    Time-zone and availability risks (Grey traveling; fourth member absent) are mitigated by the Monday noon Eastern internal deadline and a single compiler. If a section is not delivered by the internal deadline, the compiler drafts a placeholder to maintain flow, then tags the owner for edits within the verification window. This keeps us oriented to deliverables instead of activities, a distinction Davidson stresses when “laying out your plan.”

    **## GizmotronsProductRolloutcopy.docx**

    **DELIVERABLE**

    This deliverable requires you to create a project charter, a WBS in pictorial inverted-

    tree format, and an MS Project file for the project.

    The WBS pictorial can be put together using any software you wish. One easy way to do this is

    to use the MS Excel org chart template. Stormboard (which currently has a free subscription),

    Visio, MS PowerPoint, etc. are other tools you may wish to consider. A neat and
    **very legible**

    hand-drawn version is also acceptable.

    Your Microsoft Project file must clearly reflect the structure of your WBS inverted-tree pictorial,

    should show all activities under each work package, their duration, and their dependencies

    (predecessors), as well as clearly show the critical path (or paths) colored in RED. In addition,

    add a column to your MS Project file labeled "OWNER" and place in it, for each activity, the

    name of the team member who identified that activity and provided and verified correctness of

    the duration and predecessors of that activity.

    **Gizmotron’s Product Rollout**

    The selected project should bring out real-world consideration and challenges, so it should not be too simple or trivial. Here are basic assignment requirements which will ensure that your project is not too easy or too challenging:

    Make sure that there are three or four main deliverables (first level of WBS)

    Have between 10 to 16 work packages (“leaves” of the WBS)

    Have between 25 to 40 activities

    The activities should have a reasonable amount of concurrency, meaning that it should be

    possible to perform some of them in parallel.

    Gizmotron’s Product Rollout

    Note: The information in the project description below provides most but not all information that you will need to develop reasonably sound scope, schedule, and cost baselines for the product rollout project. There are some deliberate minor gaps in the information that will require you to use some common sense and judgment, even some plausible intuition/guesswork in a very few cases. Seldom will youencounter real life projects that are detailed to 100% accuracy and perfection, so this project is intended

    to demonstrate that there is some room for judgment, flexibility, reasonable assumptions, and common

    sense in project management, as opposed to investing unreasonable amounts of time and effort in

    striving for complete perfection and accuracy (which are usually not attainable anyway!). Hence, there is

    no one right “solution” here. Different teams could come up with slightly different scope, schedule, and

    cost baselines. When you work through this assignment as a team, do not waste time quibbling over infinitesimal details. Strive for a “roughly right” but logically and practically sound approach which you can defend if you need to.

    Gizmotron is rolling out a new product in several metropolitan areas in the US. For the purposes of this assignment, let us restrict our attention to the Chicago area. An extensive marketing campaign is being planned in eight Chicagoland suburbs. For the purposes of this assignment, you may group the campaigns for the eight suburbs, so there is just one Chicagoland campaign as opposed to eight separate ones.

    The Chicagoland marketing campaign comprises three major efforts, which are distinct but interrelated, meaning that there are dependencies between activities in the three efforts: Publicity, events, and sales/marketing. Here is a brief description of each of the three efforts:

    1. Publicity: News of the event needs to be disseminated. This will be done via mailings (of a

    brochure) and media (radio and TV ads). Mailings require graphics design, developing a

    brochure (based on the graphics design and content provided by the sales/marketing effort),

    and a two-part mailing campaign: paper-mail as well as e-mail. The paper-mail campaign is to

    occur a week after the email campaign has ended (because the email campaign will generate

    some leads on who should be targeted in the paper-mail campaign). The media component has

    two aspects: radio ads and TV ads, each of which requires scripting and slotting (when to run the

    ads). Some details associated with the various activities are:

    a. Graphics design is based on “intelligence” provided by the sales/marketing effort that provides

    the graphics design team a draft proposal of the key types of messages to include and also some

    content to back-up those messages. (The graphics design team may further refine the content.)

    Graphics design takes 8 business days (after the draft proposal has been received). Its total cost is

    approximately $5,000.2. 3.

    b. The brochure takes 4 business days (after graphics design is completed) to finalize and the cost is

    about $2,000

    c. The e-mail campaign commences right after the brochure is ready and takes 1 business day (cost

    $6,000). A week after the email campaign ends, the paper-mail campaign commences and lasts 3

    business days (cost $5,000).

    d. Scripting for the radio and TV ads take 3 business days and 7 business days (respectively), costs

    being $2,000 and $5,000 (respectively). The scripting is also based on the draft proposal from

    sales/marketing. The slotting effort for the radio and TV ads takes 2 business days each (at a cost

    of $1,000 each). The radio ad slotting uses a radio listener report done by the sales/marketing

    team, and the TV ad slotting uses a TV watchers report, also done by the sales/marketing team.

    The radio and TV ads run over a period of 10 business days, commencing immediately after

    slotting has been finalized.

    Events: The events effort comprises venue identification and setup, catering, and agenda

    finalization (speakers, entertainment, giveaways, etc.). Venue identification and setup as well as

    catering are contracted out to companies who can be trusted to complete on time and budget.

    Venue identification takes 5 business days (cost $2,000 for eight venues) and must be

    completed before the brochures are finalized (simply because the addresses are needed for the

    brochures). Venue setup is the act of determining how much space to rent at the venue, how

    the space will be organized, etc. This cannot be started until after the mailing campaigns (paper

    and email), radio and TV ads have run (because campaign statistics/viewership is used to

    estimate event attendance). Venue setup (for all 8 venues) takes 6 business days and costs

    $5,000.

    Catering cannot be started until after the mailing campaigns (paper and email), radio and TV ads

    have run, and (for all 8 venues) takes 6 business days to finalize, with catering costs dependent

    on projected attendance. From historical data, catering costs are estimated to average $4,000

    per venue.

    Agenda finalization requires contracting (for speakers, entertainment, etc.) and product

    promotion planning (displaying, demonstrating, giveaways, etc. of products). The contracting

    and promotion planning are both dependent on projected attendance. Contracting (for all 8

    venues) takes 6 business days and the total costs are anticipated to be around $60,000 (which

    includes speaker fees). Total promotion planning duration is 10 business days (cost $35,000,

    which includes product giveaways).

    Sales/marketing: This effort comprises (market) message development, marketing analysis,

    surveys, and legal approval. Message development is broken into two parts: draft proposal development (5 business days, $5000) and executive approval (2 business days, $1,000). The message development does not start until after the surveys are completed. The survey effort comprises focus groups (10 business days, $15,000) and web surveys (4 business days, $6,000). Marketing analysis includes development of a radio listener report and a TV watchers report, each of which takes 3 days and costs $2,000. The surveying effort requires legal approval (2 days, $1,000 for each approval) prior to conducting focus groups and web surveys, and the draft proposal requires legal approval after it is developed (and before it is released to the

    promotions team).

    **## TeamCharterexample.docx**

    **Team Charter: Grey, Timothy, and Spencer**

    **Communication Plan**

    Grey will be responsible for the Communication Plan. Our team will coordinate primarily through email and group chat to ensure rapid responses and accountability. Weekly virtual meetings will be held to track progress, clarify responsibilities, and discuss challenges. All updates and meeting notes will be stored in a shared document repository for transparency.

    **Conflict Management Plan**

    Grey will also be responsible for the Conflict Management Plan. In cases of conflict, the first step will be direct communication between the involved parties. If unresolved, the issue will be escalated to the team as a whole during scheduled meetings. For non-responsiveness, a reminder will be sent after one day, followed by escalation to the professor if no communication occurs within three days. Emergency situations will be accommodated by redistributing tasks.

    **Document Management Plan**

    Spencer will manage the Document Management Plan. All team documents will be stored in a central shared drive (e.g., Google Drive or OneDrive) with clearly labeled folders for drafts, finalized documents, and reference materials. Version control will be maintained by including dates in file names and only one person at a time making edits to avoid conflicts.

    **Quality Plan**

    Spencer will also oversee the Quality Plan. All documents and deliverables will undergo peer review by at least one other team member before submission. Formatting will follow APA guidelines, and a standardized template will be used to maintain consistency. Final review sessions will be conducted prior to submission to ensure accuracy, completeness, and professionalism.

    **Roles & Responsibilities**

    Timothy will lead the Roles & Responsibilities section. Work will be divided among the team to ensure balanced workload distribution. Grey will handle Communication and Conflict Management, Spencer will oversee Document Management and Quality, and Timothy will coordinate overall team responsibilities and finalize role assignments. A fictitious customer role will be assumed by one designated team member to provide realistic project dynamics, and this role will be rotated if necessary. Everything will be completed on or before 1 September 2025.

    **Quality Plan**

    **Purpose and quality objectives**

    Our goal is to deliver a four-page Team Charter that is fit for purpose and meets stakeholder expectations: clear, complete, consistent, and aligned to the assignment brief. In PMBOK 7e terms, quality activities should both move the deliverable quickly to the point of delivery and prevent or catch defects early to avoid rework, while aligning with explicit acceptance criteria.

    **Acceptance criteria and “Definition of Done”**

    The assignment’s Quality Plan must ensure the final submission:

    1. addresses all five required charter elements and fits within four double-spaced pages;

    2. demonstrates high-level integration of PMBOK 6e Integration and Scope processes and PMBOK 7e principles;

    3. uses consistent voice, APA citations, and polished mechanics; and

    4. evidences a coherent team process (communication, conflict handling, roles).
    We will operationalize these through a simple Definition of Done checklist that includes content coverage, style/format checks, and evidence that deliverables have been “verified” and then “accepted,” consistent with the path from Control Quality to Validate Scope and into Close Project or Phase.

    **Standards and sources of truth**

    Content must reflect the required readings: PMBOK 6e (Scope 5.1–5.6 at the appropriate high-level depth), PMBOK 7e Delivery Performance Domain (focus on value, deliverables, DoD), and the Team Charter instructions (Quality Plan and Document Management Plan expectations).

    **Quality assurance (build quality in)**

    Given our dispersed schedule (Grey in Japan/Philippines; Timothy in Tennessee; Spencer ramping up mid-week), we will design the workflow to surface issues early, reducing the cost of change. Each contributor drafts against the DoD by
    **Monday 12:00 Eastern** (which is
    **00:00 Tuesday PHT** and
    **01:00 Tuesday JST**), enabling an early integrated review and defect prevention before we’re forced into costly late edits.

    Practices:

    •
    **Calibrated outline** tied to the assignment rubric and readings before drafting (prevents scope and quality drift).

    •
    **Peer dialog** in Signal for ambiguities and edge cases; quick decisions reduce “done drift.”

    **Quality control (verification and acceptance)**

    We will use a two-gate approach:

    •
    **Gate 1 – Verification:** Monday consolidated draft is checked against the DoD, assignment guidelines, and references (content coverage, flow, APA, mechanics).

    •
    **Gate 2 – Acceptance:** A designated “customer” proxy performs a final acceptance read. This mirrors PMBOK’s flow from verified deliverables (Control Quality) to accepted deliverables (Validate Scope).

    **Customer proxy:** Assign Spencer as the acceptance authority for this charter (he offered to take on larger sections and is assembling pieces). The instructor remains the ultimate customer; Spencer acts as our internal proxy for formal acceptance before submission. (This also satisfies the “customer role” requirement.)

    **Metrics, thresholds, and escalation**

    We will track three simple measures: a) completeness (all required elements present), b) conformance (APA/style/format), and c) coherence (logical flow across sections). Threshold: zero critical gaps; minor style issues acceptable if corrected by Tuesday morning. If Gate 1 uncovers material gaps, the section owner has a two-hour window to remediate; if not feasible, the compiler makes targeted edits. This satisfies the Quality Plan line items in the Team Charter Guidelines.

    **Interface with Scope management**

    Our quality controls reinforce scope discipline: we will
    **Validate Scope** by comparing the assembled draft to the scope baseline implied by the charter instructions; any material scope change triggers a quick change decision in Signal (major change = consensus vote; minor edit = editor decision).

    **Knowledge capture**

    After submission, we log two lessons learned: one process improvement and one content insight, to seed the course repository. This aligns to Manage Project Knowledge in the weekly lecture.

    **Document Management Plan**

    **Repository and single source of truth**

    We will use a shared Google Docs folder as the
    **authoring** space and maintain a
    **Master Charter** document as the single source of truth. Only the compiler edits the Master directly; contributors draft in their own files and paste into the Master during the integration window. This prevents collisions when “multiple team members contribute to the same document” and preserves integrity, per the Charter Guidelines.

    **Access:** All teammates (Grey, Timothy, Spencer, plus the fourth member if they appear) have edit access; the compiler owns the folder and ensures backups.
    **Communications:** Signal remains the rapid channel for coordination (already established in the thread). Meeting minutes, if any, are short and posted to the group space, as requested in the guidelines.

    **Versioning and file naming**

    Drafts use the pattern: Team#_Charter_<Section>_<Initials>_v0.1_YYYYMMDD-HHMM. The Master carries v1.0-Submitted upon finalization and is exported to PDF for submission. The version log sits at the top of the Master with date, editor, and a one-line change note. This lightweight configuration control mirrors PMBOK guidance to keep acceptance criteria and WBS-level attributes clear in the supporting “dictionary” for each deliverable segment.

    **Contribution workflow and deadlines**

    1.
    **Drafting:** Each owner produces their section by
    **Monday12:00 Eastern** (00:00 Tuesday PHT; 01:00 Tuesday JST).

    2.
    **Integration:** The compiler integrates from 12:00–16:00 Eastern and requests clarifications in Signal.

    3.
    **Gate 1 Verification:** 16:00–18:00 Eastern.

    4.
    **Gate 2 Acceptance:** 18:00–20:00 Eastern by the customer proxy.

    5.
    **Submission package:** Tuesday morning Eastern.
    This cadence emphasizes early value and interim deliverables, consistent with PMBOK 7e’s Delivery of Value perspective.

    **Change control within documents**

    Minor editorial changes (grammar, local rewrites for cohesion) may be executed by the compiler without prior approval. Substantive content changes (adding or removing required elements) are flagged with a comment and decided in Signal via quick voting. This aligns with the integration/change-control flow highlighted in the Unit 2 lecture: small changes can be handled informally; larger ones should be explicitly decided and traced.

    **Referencing and traceability**

    We will cite PMBOK 6e/7e and the Unit 2 materials directly in text and reference list. A simple trace table (kept in the Master’s appendix) maps the five required charter elements to the exact paragraphs where they are addressed. This brings the spirit of a requirements traceability matrix to a short paper, ensuring every requirement adds value and is verifiably covered.

    **Formatting and polish**

    Style is APA, 12-pt font, double spacing, and consistent headings. We avoid overuse of lists and hyphens to maintain flow and a professional tone, as requested by the instructor’s guidelines for quality and coherence.

    **Risk controls for distributed work**

    Time-zone and availability risks (Grey traveling; fourth member absent) are mitigated by the Monday noon Eastern internal deadline and a single compiler. If a section is not delivered by the internal deadline, the compiler drafts a placeholder to maintain flow, then tags the owner for edits within the verification window. This keeps us oriented to deliverables instead of activities, a distinction Davidson stresses when “laying out your plan.”

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] Please respond to the two students discussion posts with a minimum of 75 words per post.

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    – ## WeekFourdiscussionRepliesHM.docx **## WeekFourdiscussionRepliesHM.docx** Please respond to the two students' discussion posts with a minimum of 75 words per post. Vincent Hughley At XYZ Company, comprehending and adjusting to supply and demand plays a major role in making smart business decisio…

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    – ## WeekFourdiscussionRepliesHM.docx

    **## WeekFourdiscussionRepliesHM.docx**

    Please respond to the two students' discussion posts with a minimum of 75 words per post.

    Vincent Hughley

    At XYZ Company, comprehending and adjusting to supply and demand plays a major role in making smart business decisions. These basic economic principles help the company figure out how much of a product to produce, how to price it, and when to scale up or down. For example, if there's a spike in customer demand, knowing how to adjust supply quickly can help the company meet that demand and boost profits. On the other hand, if demand drops, producing too much could lead to wasted resources and higher costs (Mankiw, 2021).

    Being aware of what drives shifts in supply and demand like changes in customer preferences, competitor pricing, or even economic trends can give XYZ a real advantage (Krugman & Wells, 2020). It also helps the company stay flexible. Knowing how sensitive customers are to price changes, a concept called price elasticity, helps XYZ set prices that attract buyers without sacrificing too much revenue (Frank et al., 2021). Supply and demand are everyday tools that help XYZ stay competitive and grow.

    **References**
    Frank, R. H., Bernanke, B. S., Antonovics, K., & Heffetz, O. (2021).
    _Principles of microeconomics_ (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
    Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2020).
    _Microeconomics_ (6th ed.). Worth Publishers.
    Mankiw, N. G. (2021).
    _Principles of economics_ (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.

    Saul Alba

    Supply and demand theory is part of microeconomic principles used to define how the pricing of XYZ Company's products was recently determined. In order to remain competitive in the market, XYZ must price its products according to shifts in consumer preferences and behavior. For example, if there is a demand for eco-friendly products, XYZ Company will need to start adjusting their production levels to align with the shifts in consumer behavior. This results from price elasticity, which is a microeconomic concept that defines how the production level of certain goods or services can adjust to changes in demand. Price elasticity theory was beneficial to XYZ Company when determining how much the current product pricing affects the decrease in sales volume. Moreover, profits can be maximized if the current goods' pricing reflects this variance. Other outside influences, such as a shift or increase in consumer income, also affects the supply and demand exerted on XYZ Company's goods. It is important to consider how these changes in market behavior will influence the company’s long-term production and pricing decisions (Halimatussakdiah & Yuniasih, 2020).

    Moreover, the other related concept of supply and demand, which is greatly impact the economy of external factors in supply and demand is the purchasing power. The power of consumers is greatly influenced by other economic external factors such as inflation rate, recession and when demand is adversely affected. These are certain macroeconomic factors that can greatly affect demand from consumers, hence, XYZ Company must ensure close monitoring of these patterns in its demand forecast in order to determine its supply, and production requirements. During times of economic recessions, the demand of consumers often shift from luxury goods to business goods; hence, it is necessary that the supply chain and production of XYZ must rather dedicate its time focusing on the supply and use of more business goods. Adaptation of the strategy requires knowledge on aggregate demand and supply in maintaining a steady inventory rate without exceeding production limits. Knowing how microeconomics, such as consumer choice, can affect XYZ Company’s production/ forecasting would help the firm a great deal in meeting demands as they come up. Therefore, understanding these elements of economic environment helps XYZ in maintaining the firm’s profitability as well, while keeping the company’s efficiency and effectiveness in the ever changing economic factor (Ramadhan & Permana, 2020).

    **References**

    Halimatussakdiah, H., & Yuniasih, R. (2020). Pricing Strategies Evaluation in Radio Industry’s Firm (Case Study at PT XYZ).
    _Sriwijaya International Journal of Dynamic Economics and Business_, 299–314.
    [https://sijdeb.unsri.ac.id/index.php/SIJDEB/article/view/198](https://sijdeb.unsri.ac.id/index.php/SIJDEB/article/view/198)

    Ramadhan, R., & Permana, D. (2020). Effect Of Product Quality, Price Perception, Purchase Decisions Distribution, and Implications on Customer Satisfaction at Pt. Xyz.
    _Academia.Edu_.
    [https://doi.org/10.37648/IJRST.V10I02.007](https://doi.org/10.37648/IJRST.V10I02.007)

    **## WeekFourdiscussionRepliesHM.docx**

    Please respond to the two students' discussion posts with a minimum of 75 words per post.

    Vincent Hughley

    At XYZ Company, comprehending and adjusting to supply and demand plays a major role in making smart business decisions. These basic economic principles help the company figure out how much of a product to produce, how to price it, and when to scale up or down. For example, if there's a spike in customer demand, knowing how to adjust supply quickly can help the company meet that demand and boost profits. On the other hand, if demand drops, producing too much could lead to wasted resources and higher costs (Mankiw, 2021).

    Being aware of what drives shifts in supply and demand like changes in customer preferences, competitor pricing, or even economic trends can give XYZ a real advantage (Krugman & Wells, 2020). It also helps the company stay flexible. Knowing how sensitive customers are to price changes, a concept called price elasticity, helps XYZ set prices that attract buyers without sacrificing too much revenue (Frank et al., 2021). Supply and demand are everyday tools that help XYZ stay competitive and grow.

    **References**
    Frank, R. H., Bernanke, B. S., Antonovics, K., & Heffetz, O. (2021).
    _Principles of microeconomics_ (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
    Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2020).
    _Microeconomics_ (6th ed.). Worth Publishers.
    Mankiw, N. G. (2021).
    _Principles of economics_ (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.

    Saul Alba

    Supply and demand theory is part of microeconomic principles used to define how the pricing of XYZ Company's products was recently determined. In order to remain competitive in the market, XYZ must price its products according to shifts in consumer preferences and behavior. For example, if there is a demand for eco-friendly products, XYZ Company will need to start adjusting their production levels to align with the shifts in consumer behavior. This results from price elasticity, which is a microeconomic concept that defines how the production level of certain goods or services can adjust to changes in demand. Price elasticity theory was beneficial to XYZ Company when determining how much the current product pricing affects the decrease in sales volume. Moreover, profits can be maximized if the current goods' pricing reflects this variance. Other outside influences, such as a shift or increase in consumer income, also affects the supply and demand exerted on XYZ Company's goods. It is important to consider how these changes in market behavior will influence the company’s long-term production and pricing decisions (Halimatussakdiah & Yuniasih, 2020).

    Moreover, the other related concept of supply and demand, which is greatly impact the economy of external factors in supply and demand is the purchasing power. The power of consumers is greatly influenced by other economic external factors such as inflation rate, recession and when demand is adversely affected. These are certain macroeconomic factors that can greatly affect demand from consumers, hence, XYZ Company must ensure close monitoring of these patterns in its demand forecast in order to determine its supply, and production requirements. During times of economic recessions, the demand of consumers often shift from luxury goods to business goods; hence, it is necessary that the supply chain and production of XYZ must rather dedicate its time focusing on the supply and use of more business goods. Adaptation of the strategy requires knowledge on aggregate demand and supply in maintaining a steady inventory rate without exceeding production limits. Knowing how microeconomics, such as consumer choice, can affect XYZ Company’s production/ forecasting would help the firm a great deal in meeting demands as they come up. Therefore, understanding these elements of economic environment helps XYZ in maintaining the firm’s profitability as well, while keeping the company’s efficiency and effectiveness in the ever changing economic factor (Ramadhan & Permana, 2020).

    **References**

    Halimatussakdiah, H., & Yuniasih, R. (2020). Pricing Strategies Evaluation in Radio Industry’s Firm (Case Study at PT XYZ).
    _Sriwijaya International Journal of Dynamic Economics and Business_, 299–314.
    [https://sijdeb.unsri.ac.id/index.php/SIJDEB/article/view/198](https://sijdeb.unsri.ac.id/index.php/SIJDEB/article/view/198)

    Ramadhan, R., & Permana, D. (2020). Effect Of Product Quality, Price Perception, Purchase Decisions Distribution, and Implications on Customer Satisfaction at Pt. Xyz.
    _Academia.Edu_.
    [https://doi.org/10.37648/IJRST.V10I02.007](https://doi.org/10.37648/IJRST.V10I02.007)

  • [Solved] A- Discussion supply

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    ## **Discussion: Designing Domestic and Global Supply Chain Networks**

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    ## **Discussion: Designing Domestic and Global Supply Chain Networks**

  • [Solved] Week 3 Discussion- Account for Managment Decision Making

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    **Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in Budgeting and Planning** As generative AI models become more adaptable and accessible to organizations of all sizes, their uses in many managerial functions will increase. Since the models provide the ability to easily analyze large datasets and to captu…

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    **Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in Budgeting and Planning**
    As generative AI models become more adaptable and accessible to organizations of all sizes, their uses in many managerial functions will increase. Since the models provide the ability to easily analyze large datasets and to capture and replicate patterns and structures found in the data, their use in operational planning, forecasting, budgeting, and reporting seems to be a natural fit.
    In this Discussion, you will consider the subjects of the past 2 weeks, strategic planning, forecasting, budgeting, and balanced score cards, and how generative AI can be utilized in these managerial accounting functions.
    **To prepare for this Discussion:**
    – Review this week's Learning Resources.
    – Conduct a search of the Walden Library for more information on generative artificial intelligence.
    – Consider the subjects from the past 2 weeks and the methods used to produce artifacts needed for each.
    **Post** an analysis of the role of generative AI in strategic planning, budgeting, forecasting and balanced scorecards in an organization, to include the following:
    – Provide a detailed example of how generative AI might be used in the strategic planning, budgeting, and forecasting processes or in the development and reporting of a balanced scorecard.
    – Describe an advantage and disadvantage an organization might experience when using generative AI for either of these functions.
    \
    Week3LearningResources-AccountforManagmentDecisionMaking.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week3learningresources-accountformanagmentdecisionmaking-docx "Week3LearningResources-AccountforManagmentDecisionMaking.docx")

  • [Solved] BUSINESS (NO PLAGARISM A+ WORK, ON TIME)

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    DISCUSSION & RESEARCH – ## ResearchProject2Instructions.html.zip – ## WelcometoWeek8.docx – Applying_Michael_Porters_exte.pdf – The_Competitive_Advantage_of_N.pdf **## ResearchProject2Instructions.html.zip** ## Research Project 2 Instructions.html Complete your Research Project 2 in a Word do…

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    DISCUSSION & RESEARCH

    – ## ResearchProject2Instructions.html.zip

    – ## WelcometoWeek8.docx

    – Applying_Michael_Porters_exte.pdf
    – The_Competitive_Advantage_of_N.pdf

    **## ResearchProject2Instructions.html.zip**

    ## Research Project 2 Instructions.html

    Complete your Research Project 2 in a Word document, APA formatted, and then submit it in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.
    The instructions concerning this assignment as well as the grading rubric are reproduced below.

    In 2009 the American auto industry was in a dire economic state. Chrysler was in Chapter 11, GM was on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford's future was at best uncertain. The demise of the U.S. auto industry would have a devastating impact on our national economy and specifically the economies of Michigan and Ohio.

    Economists occasionally use Porter's five forces framework when making a qualitative evaluation of a firm's strategic position. According to Porter, his model should be used at the industry level, defined as a marketplace in which similar or closely related products or services are marketed. This research paper requires the application of Porter's Five Forces Model to the auto industry.

    Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the marketplace. The five forces include:

    1) The threat of substitute products: The existence of close substitute products (i.e., high elasticity of demand) increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases.

    2) The threat of the entry of new competitors: Unless there are significant barriers to entry, profitable markets that yield high returns will attract firms (i.e., perfect competition), effectively decreasing profitability.

    3) The intensity of competitive rivalry: As in the case of oligopoly markets, rivals may choose to compete aggressively, non-aggressively or in non-price dimensions.

    4) The bargaining power of customers: The ability of customers to put the firm under pressure due to availability of existing substitute products, buyer price sensitivity, uniqueness of the products, etc.

    5) The bargaining power of suppliers: The cost of factors of production (e.g. labor, raw materials, components, and services such as expertise) provided by suppliers can have a significant impact on a company's profitability. As such suppliers may refuse to work with the firm or charge excessively high prices for unique resources.

    References

    Porter, M.E. (1979) "How competitive forces shape strategy", Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979.

    Porter, M.E. (1980) "Competitive Strategy", The Free Press, New York, 1980.

    Porter, M.E. (1985) "Competitive Advantage", The Free Press, New York, 1985.

    Develop a detailed paper applying Porter's Five Forces Model to the American automotive industry, with a focus on the U.S. market.

    Your paper needs to include at least three scholarly sources, i.e. peer reviewed articles. I strongly recommend the use of the APUS library for these sources, as most acceptable resources can only be found in protected databases.

    Your paper should be about 10 double spaced pages, in APA format, and structured as follows:

    1. Cover page with a running head
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction to the Auto Industry
    3.1. Industry Definition
    3.2. Industry Profile
    3.3. Industry Market Structure
    3.4. Future Outlook

    4. Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes

    5. Conclusion
    6. References

    **## WelcometoWeek8.docx**

    Welcome to Week 8 Research

    **Assignment 2:** **Application of Porter's Five Force Strategy to the U.S. Auto Industry**

    Porter's five-force strategy is a framework for qualitatively evaluating a firm's strategic position at the industry level, a marketplace in which closely related substitutable products or services are sold.  Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and profitability. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the firm position in the industry.

    According to this model, business success is primarily based on managers’ knowledge of the power of customers, the power of suppliers, competition in the industry, potential entrants, and substitute products. The extended rivalry from all five forces defines an industry’s structure and shapes the nature of competitive interaction within an industry.

    This research paper must be documented in Microsoft Word, APA formatted, 10 double-spaced pages long, and includes three scholarly peer-reviewed articles. I strongly recommend using the APUS library since the most acceptable resources can only be found in a protected database.

    Submit your paper in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.  Your paper will automatically be forwarded to “Turnitin.com” for plagiarism review upon submission.

    **Assignment Structure**

    **1. Cover page**

    **2. Abstract** **3. The U.S. Auto Industry** 3.1. U.S. Auto Industry Definition

    3.2. U.S. Auto Industry Profile
    3.3. U.S. Auto Industry Market Structure
    3.4. U.S. Industry Future Outlook

    **4. Application and Analysis of Porter's Five Forces Strategy to the U.S. auto industry**
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants to the U.S. auto industry.
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes in the U.S. auto industry.

    **5. Conclusion**
    **6. References**

    · Burke, A., van Stel, A., & Thurik, R. (2010). Blue ocean vs. five forces.
    _Harvard Business Review_,
    _88_(5), 28-29.

    · Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter’s five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.
    _Competitiveness Review_,
    _24_(1), 32-45.

    · Cole, Fulton, and Akridge.  Industry Analysis: The Five Forces

    [https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf](https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf)

    · Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2008).
    _Understanding business strategy: Concepts and cases_. Cengage Learning.

    ·
    [Porter, M.E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Porter) (March–April 1979)
    _How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy_,
    _Harvard Business Review_.

    ·
    [Porter, M.E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Porter) (January 2008)
    _The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy_,
    _Harvard Business Review_.

    Complete your Research Project 2 in a Word document, APA formatted, and then submit it in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.
    The instructions concerning this assignment as well as the grading rubric are reproduced below.

    In 2009 the American auto industry was in a dire economic state. Chrysler was in Chapter 11, GM was on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford's future was at best uncertain. The demise of the U.S. auto industry would have a devastating impact on our national economy and specifically the economies of Michigan and Ohio.

    Economists occasionally use Porter's five forces framework when making a qualitative evaluation of a firm's strategic position. According to Porter, his model should be used at the industry level, defined as a marketplace in which similar or closely related products or services are marketed. This research paper requires the application of Porter's Five Forces Model to the auto industry.

    Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the marketplace. The five forces include:

    1)
    **The threat of substitute products**: The existence of close substitute products (i.e., high elasticity of demand) increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases.

    2)
    **The threat of the entry of new competitors**: Unless there are significant barriers to entry, profitable markets that yield high returns will attract firms (i.e., perfect competition), effectively decreasing profitability.

    3)
    **The intensity of competitive rivalry**: As in the case of oligopoly markets, rivals may choose to compete aggressively, non-aggressively or in non-price dimensions.

    4)
    **The bargaining power of customers**: The ability of customers to put the firm under pressure due to availability of existing substitute products, buyer price sensitivity, uniqueness of the products, etc.

    5)
    **The bargaining power of suppliers**: The cost of factors of production (e.g. labor, raw materials, components, and services such as expertise) provided by suppliers can have a significant impact on a company's profitability. As such suppliers may refuse to work with the firm or charge excessively high prices for unique resources.

    **References**

    Hopkins, H. (2008). Applying Michael Porter's extended rivalry model to the robotics industry.
    _The Industrial Robot, 35_(5), 397-399.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910810893563](https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910810893563)

    Sölvell, Ö. (2015). The Competitive Advantage of Nations 25 years – opening up new perspectives on competitiveness.
    _Competitiveness Review, 25_(5), 471-481. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-07-2015-0068

    Porter, M.E. (1979) "How competitive forces shape strategy", Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979.

    Porter, M.E. (1980) "Competitive Strategy", The Free Press, New York, 1980.

    Porter, M.E. (1985) "Competitive Advantage", The Free Press, New York, 1985.

    Develop a detailed paper applying Porter's Five Forces Model to the American automotive industry, with a focus on the U.S. market.

    Your paper needs to include at least three scholarly sources, i.e. peer reviewed articles. I strongly recommend the use of the APUS library for these sources, as most acceptable resources can only be found in protected databases.

    Your paper should be about 10 double spaced pages, in APA format, and structured as follows:

    1. Cover page with a running head
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction to the Auto Industry
    3.1. Industry Definition
    3.2. Industry Profile
    3.3. Industry Market Structure
    3.4. Future Outlook

    4. Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes

    5. Conclusion

    **Weekly Objective(s):**

    LO1: Discuss the relationship between production and cost

    LO2: Explain and contrast short-run concepts (fixed inputs, marginal product, diminishing marginal returns, etc.) and long-run concepts (returns to scale)

    LO3: Identify the impact of economies of scale and scope on production decisions

    LO4: Apply optimization concepts to cost minimization and optimal decision making

    LO5: Identify the relationship between a perfectly competitive market structure and managerial decision making

    LO6: Examine equilibrium in the short run and long run and the dynamics of entry and exit

    LO7: Explain the dynamic of price and output decisions under pure monopoly

    LO8: Identify contrast competitive and monopolistic outcomes

    **8.12 Limitations of Market Regulation**

    Although regulation offers the possibility of addressing market failure and inefficiencies that would not resolve by themselves in an unregulated free market economy, regulation is not easy or cost free.

    Regulation requires expertise and incurs expenses. Regulation incurs a social transaction cost for market exchanges that is borne by citizens and the affected parties. In some instances, the cost of the regulation may be higher than the net efficiency gains it creates. Just as there are diminishing returns for producers and consumers, there are diminishing returns to increased regulation, and at some point the regulation becomes too costly.

    Regulators are agents who become part of market transactions representing the government and people the government serves. Just as market participants deal with imperfect information, so do regulators. As such, regulators can make errors.

    In our discussions about economics of organization in
    [Chapter 5 "Economics of Organization"](https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/stengel_1.0-ch05), we noted that economics has approached the problem of motivating workers using the perspective that the workers’ primary goal is their own welfare, not the welfare of the business that hires them. Unfortunately, the same may be said about regulators. Regulators may be enticed to design regulatory actions that result in personal gain rather than what is best for society as a whole in readjusting the market. For example, a regulator may go soft on an industry in hope of getting a lucrative job after leaving public service. In essence, this is another case of moral hazard. One solution might be to create another layer of regulation to regulate the regulators, but this adds to the expense and is likely self-defeating.

    When regulation assumes a major role in a market, powerful sellers or buyers are not likely to treat the regulatory authority as an outside force over which they have no control. Often, these powerful parties will try to influence the regulation via lobbying. Aside from diminishing the intent of outside regulation, these lobbying efforts constitute a type of social waste that economists call influence costs, which are economically inefficient because these efforts represent the use of resources that could otherwise be redirected for production of goods and services.

    One theory about regulation, called the capture theory of regulation,The capture theory of regulation was introduced by Stigler (1971). postulates that government regulation is actually executed so as to improve the conditions for the parties being regulated and not necessarily to promote the public’s interest in reducing market failure and market inefficiency. For example, in recent years there has been a struggle between traditional telephone service providers and cable television service providers. Each side wants to enter the market of the other group yet expects to maintain near monopoly power in its traditional market, and both sides pressure regulators to support their positions. In some cases, it has been claimed that the actual language of regulatory laws was proposed by representatives for the very firms that would be subject to the regulation.

    [https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/s08-market-regulation.html](https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/s08-market-regulation.html)

    [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microeconomics/chapter/oligopoly-models/](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microeconomics/chapter/oligopoly-models/)

    References

    Samuelson W.F. & Marks S.G. (2015).
    _Managerial Economics_. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons Inc.

    **Applying_Michael_Porters_exte.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/applying-michael-porters-exte-pdf)

    **The_Competitive_Advantage_of_N.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/the-competitive-advantage-of-n-pdf)

    **The_Competitive_Advantage_of_N.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/the-competitive-advantage-of-n-pdf)

    **## ResearchProject2Instructions.html.zip**

    ## Research Project 2 Instructions.html

    Complete your Research Project 2 in a Word document, APA formatted, and then submit it in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.
    The instructions concerning this assignment as well as the grading rubric are reproduced below.

    In 2009 the American auto industry was in a dire economic state. Chrysler was in Chapter 11, GM was on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford's future was at best uncertain. The demise of the U.S. auto industry would have a devastating impact on our national economy and specifically the economies of Michigan and Ohio.

    Economists occasionally use Porter's five forces framework when making a qualitative evaluation of a firm's strategic position. According to Porter, his model should be used at the industry level, defined as a marketplace in which similar or closely related products or services are marketed. This research paper requires the application of Porter's Five Forces Model to the auto industry.

    Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the marketplace. The five forces include:

    1) The threat of substitute products: The existence of close substitute products (i.e., high elasticity of demand) increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases.

    2) The threat of the entry of new competitors: Unless there are significant barriers to entry, profitable markets that yield high returns will attract firms (i.e., perfect competition), effectively decreasing profitability.

    3) The intensity of competitive rivalry: As in the case of oligopoly markets, rivals may choose to compete aggressively, non-aggressively or in non-price dimensions.

    4) The bargaining power of customers: The ability of customers to put the firm under pressure due to availability of existing substitute products, buyer price sensitivity, uniqueness of the products, etc.

    5) The bargaining power of suppliers: The cost of factors of production (e.g. labor, raw materials, components, and services such as expertise) provided by suppliers can have a significant impact on a company's profitability. As such suppliers may refuse to work with the firm or charge excessively high prices for unique resources.

    References

    Porter, M.E. (1979) "How competitive forces shape strategy", Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979.

    Porter, M.E. (1980) "Competitive Strategy", The Free Press, New York, 1980.

    Porter, M.E. (1985) "Competitive Advantage", The Free Press, New York, 1985.

    Develop a detailed paper applying Porter's Five Forces Model to the American automotive industry, with a focus on the U.S. market.

    Your paper needs to include at least three scholarly sources, i.e. peer reviewed articles. I strongly recommend the use of the APUS library for these sources, as most acceptable resources can only be found in protected databases.

    Your paper should be about 10 double spaced pages, in APA format, and structured as follows:

    1. Cover page with a running head
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction to the Auto Industry
    3.1. Industry Definition
    3.2. Industry Profile
    3.3. Industry Market Structure
    3.4. Future Outlook

    4. Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes

    5. Conclusion
    6. References

    **## WelcometoWeek8.docx**

    Welcome to Week 8 Research

    **Assignment 2:** **Application of Porter's Five Force Strategy to the U.S. Auto Industry**

    Porter's five-force strategy is a framework for qualitatively evaluating a firm's strategic position at the industry level, a marketplace in which closely related substitutable products or services are sold.  Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and profitability. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the firm position in the industry.

    According to this model, business success is primarily based on managers’ knowledge of the power of customers, the power of suppliers, competition in the industry, potential entrants, and substitute products. The extended rivalry from all five forces defines an industry’s structure and shapes the nature of competitive interaction within an industry.

    This research paper must be documented in Microsoft Word, APA formatted, 10 double-spaced pages long, and includes three scholarly peer-reviewed articles. I strongly recommend using the APUS library since the most acceptable resources can only be found in a protected database.

    Submit your paper in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.  Your paper will automatically be forwarded to “Turnitin.com” for plagiarism review upon submission.

    **Assignment Structure**

    **1. Cover page**

    **2. Abstract** **3. The U.S. Auto Industry** 3.1. U.S. Auto Industry Definition

    3.2. U.S. Auto Industry Profile
    3.3. U.S. Auto Industry Market Structure
    3.4. U.S. Industry Future Outlook

    **4. Application and Analysis of Porter's Five Forces Strategy to the U.S. auto industry**
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants to the U.S. auto industry.
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes in the U.S. auto industry.

    **5. Conclusion**
    **6. References**

    · Burke, A., van Stel, A., & Thurik, R. (2010). Blue ocean vs. five forces.
    _Harvard Business Review_,
    _88_(5), 28-29.

    · Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter’s five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.
    _Competitiveness Review_,
    _24_(1), 32-45.

    · Cole, Fulton, and Akridge.  Industry Analysis: The Five Forces

    [https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf](https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf)

    · Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2008).
    _Understanding business strategy: Concepts and cases_. Cengage Learning.

    ·
    [Porter, M.E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Porter) (March–April 1979)
    _How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy_,
    _Harvard Business Review_.

    ·
    [Porter, M.E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Porter) (January 2008)
    _The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy_,
    _Harvard Business Review_.

    Complete your Research Project 2 in a Word document, APA formatted, and then submit it in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.
    The instructions concerning this assignment as well as the grading rubric are reproduced below.

    In 2009 the American auto industry was in a dire economic state. Chrysler was in Chapter 11, GM was on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford's future was at best uncertain. The demise of the U.S. auto industry would have a devastating impact on our national economy and specifically the economies of Michigan and Ohio.

    Economists occasionally use Porter's five forces framework when making a qualitative evaluation of a firm's strategic position. According to Porter, his model should be used at the industry level, defined as a marketplace in which similar or closely related products or services are marketed. This research paper requires the application of Porter's Five Forces Model to the auto industry.

    Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the marketplace. The five forces include:

    1)
    **The threat of substitute products**: The existence of close substitute products (i.e., high elasticity of demand) increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases.

    2)
    **The threat of the entry of new competitors**: Unless there are significant barriers to entry, profitable markets that yield high returns will attract firms (i.e., perfect competition), effectively decreasing profitability.

    3)
    **The intensity of competitive rivalry**: As in the case of oligopoly markets, rivals may choose to compete aggressively, non-aggressively or in non-price dimensions.

    4)
    **The bargaining power of customers**: The ability of customers to put the firm under pressure due to availability of existing substitute products, buyer price sensitivity, uniqueness of the products, etc.

    5)
    **The bargaining power of suppliers**: The cost of factors of production (e.g. labor, raw materials, components, and services such as expertise) provided by suppliers can have a significant impact on a company's profitability. As such suppliers may refuse to work with the firm or charge excessively high prices for unique resources.

    **References**

    Hopkins, H. (2008). Applying Michael Porter's extended rivalry model to the robotics industry.
    _The Industrial Robot, 35_(5), 397-399.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910810893563](https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910810893563)

    Sölvell, Ö. (2015). The Competitive Advantage of Nations 25 years – opening up new perspectives on competitiveness.
    _Competitiveness Review, 25_(5), 471-481. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-07-2015-0068

    Porter, M.E. (1979) "How competitive forces shape strategy", Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979.

    Porter, M.E. (1980) "Competitive Strategy", The Free Press, New York, 1980.

    Porter, M.E. (1985) "Competitive Advantage", The Free Press, New York, 1985.

    Develop a detailed paper applying Porter's Five Forces Model to the American automotive industry, with a focus on the U.S. market.

    Your paper needs to include at least three scholarly sources, i.e. peer reviewed articles. I strongly recommend the use of the APUS library for these sources, as most acceptable resources can only be found in protected databases.

    Your paper should be about 10 double spaced pages, in APA format, and structured as follows:

    1. Cover page with a running head
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction to the Auto Industry
    3.1. Industry Definition
    3.2. Industry Profile
    3.3. Industry Market Structure
    3.4. Future Outlook

    4. Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes

    5. Conclusion

    **Weekly Objective(s):**

    LO1: Discuss the relationship between production and cost

    LO2: Explain and contrast short-run concepts (fixed inputs, marginal product, diminishing marginal returns, etc.) and long-run concepts (returns to scale)

    LO3: Identify the impact of economies of scale and scope on production decisions

    LO4: Apply optimization concepts to cost minimization and optimal decision making

    LO5: Identify the relationship between a perfectly competitive market structure and managerial decision making

    LO6: Examine equilibrium in the short run and long run and the dynamics of entry and exit

    LO7: Explain the dynamic of price and output decisions under pure monopoly

    LO8: Identify contrast competitive and monopolistic outcomes

    **8.12 Limitations of Market Regulation**

    Although regulation offers the possibility of addressing market failure and inefficiencies that would not resolve by themselves in an unregulated free market economy, regulation is not easy or cost free.

    Regulation requires expertise and incurs expenses. Regulation incurs a social transaction cost for market exchanges that is borne by citizens and the affected parties. In some instances, the cost of the regulation may be higher than the net efficiency gains it creates. Just as there are diminishing returns for producers and consumers, there are diminishing returns to increased regulation, and at some point the regulation becomes too costly.

    Regulators are agents who become part of market transactions representing the government and people the government serves. Just as market participants deal with imperfect information, so do regulators. As such, regulators can make errors.

    In our discussions about economics of organization in
    [Chapter 5 "Economics of Organization"](https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/stengel_1.0-ch05), we noted that economics has approached the problem of motivating workers using the perspective that the workers’ primary goal is their own welfare, not the welfare of the business that hires them. Unfortunately, the same may be said about regulators. Regulators may be enticed to design regulatory actions that result in personal gain rather than what is best for society as a whole in readjusting the market. For example, a regulator may go soft on an industry in hope of getting a lucrative job after leaving public service. In essence, this is another case of moral hazard. One solution might be to create another layer of regulation to regulate the regulators, but this adds to the expense and is likely self-defeating.

    When regulation assumes a major role in a market, powerful sellers or buyers are not likely to treat the regulatory authority as an outside force over which they have no control. Often, these powerful parties will try to influence the regulation via lobbying. Aside from diminishing the intent of outside regulation, these lobbying efforts constitute a type of social waste that economists call influence costs, which are economically inefficient because these efforts represent the use of resources that could otherwise be redirected for production of goods and services.

    One theory about regulation, called the capture theory of regulation,The capture theory of regulation was introduced by Stigler (1971). postulates that government regulation is actually executed so as to improve the conditions for the parties being regulated and not necessarily to promote the public’s interest in reducing market failure and market inefficiency. For example, in recent years there has been a struggle between traditional telephone service providers and cable television service providers. Each side wants to enter the market of the other group yet expects to maintain near monopoly power in its traditional market, and both sides pressure regulators to support their positions. In some cases, it has been claimed that the actual language of regulatory laws was proposed by representatives for the very firms that would be subject to the regulation.

    [https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/s08-market-regulation.html](https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/s08-market-regulation.html)

    [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microeconomics/chapter/oligopoly-models/](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microeconomics/chapter/oligopoly-models/)

    References

    Samuelson W.F. & Marks S.G. (2015).
    _Managerial Economics_. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons Inc.

    **Applying_Michael_Porters_exte.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/applying-michael-porters-exte-pdf)

    **The_Competitive_Advantage_of_N.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/the-competitive-advantage-of-n-pdf)

    **## ResearchProject2Instructions.html.zip**

    ## Research Project 2 Instructions.html

    Complete your Research Project 2 in a Word document, APA formatted, and then submit it in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.
    The instructions concerning this assignment as well as the grading rubric are reproduced below.

    In 2009 the American auto industry was in a dire economic state. Chrysler was in Chapter 11, GM was on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford's future was at best uncertain. The demise of the U.S. auto industry would have a devastating impact on our national economy and specifically the economies of Michigan and Ohio.

    Economists occasionally use Porter's five forces framework when making a qualitative evaluation of a firm's strategic position. According to Porter, his model should be used at the industry level, defined as a marketplace in which similar or closely related products or services are marketed. This research paper requires the application of Porter's Five Forces Model to the auto industry.

    Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the marketplace. The five forces include:

    1) The threat of substitute products: The existence of close substitute products (i.e., high elasticity of demand) increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases.

    2) The threat of the entry of new competitors: Unless there are significant barriers to entry, profitable markets that yield high returns will attract firms (i.e., perfect competition), effectively decreasing profitability.

    3) The intensity of competitive rivalry: As in the case of oligopoly markets, rivals may choose to compete aggressively, non-aggressively or in non-price dimensions.

    4) The bargaining power of customers: The ability of customers to put the firm under pressure due to availability of existing substitute products, buyer price sensitivity, uniqueness of the products, etc.

    5) The bargaining power of suppliers: The cost of factors of production (e.g. labor, raw materials, components, and services such as expertise) provided by suppliers can have a significant impact on a company's profitability. As such suppliers may refuse to work with the firm or charge excessively high prices for unique resources.

    References

    Porter, M.E. (1979) "How competitive forces shape strategy", Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979.

    Porter, M.E. (1980) "Competitive Strategy", The Free Press, New York, 1980.

    Porter, M.E. (1985) "Competitive Advantage", The Free Press, New York, 1985.

    Develop a detailed paper applying Porter's Five Forces Model to the American automotive industry, with a focus on the U.S. market.

    Your paper needs to include at least three scholarly sources, i.e. peer reviewed articles. I strongly recommend the use of the APUS library for these sources, as most acceptable resources can only be found in protected databases.

    Your paper should be about 10 double spaced pages, in APA format, and structured as follows:

    1. Cover page with a running head
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction to the Auto Industry
    3.1. Industry Definition
    3.2. Industry Profile
    3.3. Industry Market Structure
    3.4. Future Outlook

    4. Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes

    5. Conclusion
    6. References

    **## WelcometoWeek8.docx**

    Welcome to Week 8 Research

    **Assignment 2:** **Application of Porter's Five Force Strategy to the U.S. Auto Industry**

    Porter's five-force strategy is a framework for qualitatively evaluating a firm's strategic position at the industry level, a marketplace in which closely related substitutable products or services are sold.  Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and profitability. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the firm position in the industry.

    According to this model, business success is primarily based on managers’ knowledge of the power of customers, the power of suppliers, competition in the industry, potential entrants, and substitute products. The extended rivalry from all five forces defines an industry’s structure and shapes the nature of competitive interaction within an industry.

    This research paper must be documented in Microsoft Word, APA formatted, 10 double-spaced pages long, and includes three scholarly peer-reviewed articles. I strongly recommend using the APUS library since the most acceptable resources can only be found in a protected database.

    Submit your paper in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.  Your paper will automatically be forwarded to “Turnitin.com” for plagiarism review upon submission.

    **Assignment Structure**

    **1. Cover page**

    **2. Abstract** **3. The U.S. Auto Industry** 3.1. U.S. Auto Industry Definition

    3.2. U.S. Auto Industry Profile
    3.3. U.S. Auto Industry Market Structure
    3.4. U.S. Industry Future Outlook

    **4. Application and Analysis of Porter's Five Forces Strategy to the U.S. auto industry**
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry in the U.S. auto industry.
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants to the U.S. auto industry.
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes in the U.S. auto industry.

    **5. Conclusion**
    **6. References**

    · Burke, A., van Stel, A., & Thurik, R. (2010). Blue ocean vs. five forces.
    _Harvard Business Review_,
    _88_(5), 28-29.

    · Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter’s five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.
    _Competitiveness Review_,
    _24_(1), 32-45.

    · Cole, Fulton, and Akridge.  Industry Analysis: The Five Forces

    [https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf](https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf)

    · Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2008).
    _Understanding business strategy: Concepts and cases_. Cengage Learning.

    ·
    [Porter, M.E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Porter) (March–April 1979)
    _How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy_,
    _Harvard Business Review_.

    ·
    [Porter, M.E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Porter) (January 2008)
    _The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy_,
    _Harvard Business Review_.

    Complete your Research Project 2 in a Word document, APA formatted, and then submit it in the Assignment section of the classroom by midnight, EST, Day 7.
    The instructions concerning this assignment as well as the grading rubric are reproduced below.

    In 2009 the American auto industry was in a dire economic state. Chrysler was in Chapter 11, GM was on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford's future was at best uncertain. The demise of the U.S. auto industry would have a devastating impact on our national economy and specifically the economies of Michigan and Ohio.

    Economists occasionally use Porter's five forces framework when making a qualitative evaluation of a firm's strategic position. According to Porter, his model should be used at the industry level, defined as a marketplace in which similar or closely related products or services are marketed. This research paper requires the application of Porter's Five Forces Model to the auto industry.

    Porter's analytical framework consists of those forces that affect a producer's ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of these five forces requires a re-assessment of the marketplace. The five forces include:

    1)
    **The threat of substitute products**: The existence of close substitute products (i.e., high elasticity of demand) increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives in response to price increases.

    2)
    **The threat of the entry of new competitors**: Unless there are significant barriers to entry, profitable markets that yield high returns will attract firms (i.e., perfect competition), effectively decreasing profitability.

    3)
    **The intensity of competitive rivalry**: As in the case of oligopoly markets, rivals may choose to compete aggressively, non-aggressively or in non-price dimensions.

    4)
    **The bargaining power of customers**: The ability of customers to put the firm under pressure due to availability of existing substitute products, buyer price sensitivity, uniqueness of the products, etc.

    5)
    **The bargaining power of suppliers**: The cost of factors of production (e.g. labor, raw materials, components, and services such as expertise) provided by suppliers can have a significant impact on a company's profitability. As such suppliers may refuse to work with the firm or charge excessively high prices for unique resources.

    **References**

    Hopkins, H. (2008). Applying Michael Porter's extended rivalry model to the robotics industry.
    _The Industrial Robot, 35_(5), 397-399.
    [https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910810893563](https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910810893563)

    Sölvell, Ö. (2015). The Competitive Advantage of Nations 25 years – opening up new perspectives on competitiveness.
    _Competitiveness Review, 25_(5), 471-481. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-07-2015-0068

    Porter, M.E. (1979) "How competitive forces shape strategy", Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979.

    Porter, M.E. (1980) "Competitive Strategy", The Free Press, New York, 1980.

    Porter, M.E. (1985) "Competitive Advantage", The Free Press, New York, 1985.

    Develop a detailed paper applying Porter's Five Forces Model to the American automotive industry, with a focus on the U.S. market.

    Your paper needs to include at least three scholarly sources, i.e. peer reviewed articles. I strongly recommend the use of the APUS library for these sources, as most acceptable resources can only be found in protected databases.

    Your paper should be about 10 double spaced pages, in APA format, and structured as follows:

    1. Cover page with a running head
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction to the Auto Industry
    3.1. Industry Definition
    3.2. Industry Profile
    3.3. Industry Market Structure
    3.4. Future Outlook

    4. Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry
    4.1. Bargaining Power of Buyers
    4.2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
    4.3. Competitive Rivalry in the Industry
    4.4. Threat of New Entrants
    4.5. Threat of Substitutes

    5. Conclusion

    **Weekly Objective(s):**

    LO1: Discuss the relationship between production and cost

    LO2: Explain and contrast short-run concepts (fixed inputs, marginal product, diminishing marginal returns, etc.) and long-run concepts (returns to scale)

    LO3: Identify the impact of economies of scale and scope on production decisions

    LO4: Apply optimization concepts to cost minimization and optimal decision making

    LO5: Identify the relationship between a perfectly competitive market structure and managerial decision making

    LO6: Examine equilibrium in the short run and long run and the dynamics of entry and exit

    LO7: Explain the dynamic of price and output decisions under pure monopoly

    LO8: Identify contrast competitive and monopolistic outcomes

    **8.12 Limitations of Market Regulation**

    Although regulation offers the possibility of addressing market failure and inefficiencies that would not resolve by themselves in an unregulated free market economy, regulation is not easy or cost free.

    Regulation requires expertise and incurs expenses. Regulation incurs a social transaction cost for market exchanges that is borne by citizens and the affected parties. In some instances, the cost of the regulation may be higher than the net efficiency gains it creates. Just as there are diminishing returns for producers and consumers, there are diminishing returns to increased regulation, and at some point the regulation becomes too costly.

    Regulators are agents who become part of market transactions representing the government and people the government serves. Just as market participants deal with imperfect information, so do regulators. As such, regulators can make errors.

    In our discussions about economics of organization in
    [Chapter 5 "Economics of Organization"](https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/stengel_1.0-ch05), we noted that economics has approached the problem of motivating workers using the perspective that the workers’ primary goal is their own welfare, not the welfare of the business that hires them. Unfortunately, the same may be said about regulators. Regulators may be enticed to design regulatory actions that result in personal gain rather than what is best for society as a whole in readjusting the market. For example, a regulator may go soft on an industry in hope of getting a lucrative job after leaving public service. In essence, this is another case of moral hazard. One solution might be to create another layer of regulation to regulate the regulators, but this adds to the expense and is likely self-defeating.

    When regulation assumes a major role in a market, powerful sellers or buyers are not likely to treat the regulatory authority as an outside force over which they have no control. Often, these powerful parties will try to influence the regulation via lobbying. Aside from diminishing the intent of outside regulation, these lobbying efforts constitute a type of social waste that economists call influence costs, which are economically inefficient because these efforts represent the use of resources that could otherwise be redirected for production of goods and services.

    One theory about regulation, called the capture theory of regulation,The capture theory of regulation was introduced by Stigler (1971). postulates that government regulation is actually executed so as to improve the conditions for the parties being regulated and not necessarily to promote the public’s interest in reducing market failure and market inefficiency. For example, in recent years there has been a struggle between traditional telephone service providers and cable television service providers. Each side wants to enter the market of the other group yet expects to maintain near monopoly power in its traditional market, and both sides pressure regulators to support their positions. In some cases, it has been claimed that the actual language of regulatory laws was proposed by representatives for the very firms that would be subject to the regulation.

    [https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/s08-market-regulation.html](https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-managerial-economics/s08-market-regulation.html)

    [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microeconomics/chapter/oligopoly-models/](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-microeconomics/chapter/oligopoly-models/)

    References

    Samuelson W.F. & Marks S.G. (2015).
    _Managerial Economics_. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons Inc.

    **Applying_Michael_Porters_exte.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/applying-michael-porters-exte-pdf)

    **The_Competitive_Advantage_of_N.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/the-competitive-advantage-of-n-pdf)

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