Formulate a PICOT statement for your capstone project -Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Paper
Please use this article and the question guide I attached to create a Picot critique qualitative question. Please follow those guidelines questions to answer it and add 2 more resources. My previous order 2 years ago was perfect. Log into my account if you want to see how it was done.
PICOT Question Based on Article on Burnout in Nurses at the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic
The Covid-19 pandemic that erupted towards the end of the year 2019 was one of the most devastating events to hit the medical world and the healthcare industry as a whole in the 21
st
century. Nurses as the frontline healthcare employees were some of the most affected healthcare players by the pandemic. The viral respiratory infection was neither known nor had any known cure/ vaccine. Because of the high number of deaths and the enormous risk of infection that the nurses placed themselves in day in day out, stress levels were very high and burnout became a very constant event. The article by Ghassemi (2022) talked about the need for evidence-based risk assessment for burnout and supportive interventions.
PICOT Question
In nurses working during the Covid-19 pandemic (P), did the application of evidence-based risk assessment for burnout and supportive interventions (I) compared to no action (C) result in many nurses getting help and continuing to working a high-stress environment (O) within the timeframe of two years (T)?
Article Title
The title of Ghassemi (2022) indeed accurately describes the study that was carried out in terms of the need for evidence-based risk assessment for burnout and supportive interventions (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2019). It mentions burnout in nurses and goes ahead to specify the kind of interventions that were needed at the time to forestall burnout and help nurses continue performing their duties despite the heavy workload and stress. The exact title was “Burnout in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: The rising need for development of evidence-based risk assessment and supportive interventions.” Formulate a PICOT statement for your capstone project
Problem/ Purpose Statement
This was a commentary on Galanis et al. (2021) which was a systematic review on burnout in nurses and its associated risk factors during the Covid-19 pandemic. As such, being a commentary means that it was an opinion on what should actually have been done to reduce the high levels of burnout in nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is to say that the purpose was not clearly stated since it was just a commentary and opinion. However, extrapolating from the main study by Galanis et al. (2021), the purpose would be to look for evidence-based interventions that would help reduce the high levels of work-related stress and burnout among nurses at the height of the pandemic.
Literature Review
In Galanis et al. (2021) upon which the commentary by Ghassemi (2022) is based, indeed appropriate references are cited supporting the quantitative work. At the same time, supporting and opposing studies are also cited appropriately in the study’s literature review. The review also makes use of current literature published within the last 5 years. An excerpt of the review is given here below.
Nurses exhibit mild to severe burnout syndromes, according to a number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Adriaenssens et al., 2015; De la Fuente-Solana et al., 2019; GómezUrquiza et al., 2016; López-López et al., 2019; Owuor et al., 2020; Pradas-Hernández et Varied geographic areas and professional specialties have different levels of burnout syndrome frequency.
In particular, Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence of burnout symptoms, while Central Asia and Europe had the lowest (Owuor et al., 2020; Woo et al., 2020). The largest prevalence of burnout symptoms was seen among nurses working in pediatrics, cancer, and emergency departments (Gómez-Urquiza et al., 2016, 2017; Parola et al., 2017; Pradas-Hernández et al., 2018). Nursing burnout is a serious and common health problem that affects not just nurses but also patients, coworkers, and healthcare organizations negatively.
Since they are the frontline healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the treatment and care of patients, nurses are crucial to the health systems’ response to the COVID-19 epidemic (Hu et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhan et al., 2020). Since nurses are particularly vulnerable to the threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection, they are subjected to intense and ongoing psychological pressure. As a result, they experience overwhelming fear for the safety of their own health, the health of their immediate family members, and the patients they care for.
In these conditions, nurses encounter severe psychological and mental issues that may cause burnout, which could subsequently result in decreased productivity, mistakes in clinical settings, and a lack of compassion for patients (Al Maqbali et al., 2021; Pappa et al., 2020; Salari et al., 2020). Nursing staff exhaustion in healthcare facilities is the worst case scenario as the second wave of COVID-19 spreads around the world. As far as we are aware, there is no systematic review that specifically addresses nursing burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. A thorough examination of the nurses’ burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic is also required given the exponential growth in studies in this field of study.
Method
The role of the researcher in Galanis et al. (2021) is indeed stated very clearly, as it was a systematic review. However, as already stated above Ghassemi (2022) is a commentary on the same. As such, the role of the researcher is stated in the former as being to search for the articles to be reviewed in databases namely PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane COVID-19 registry, CINAHL and pre-print services (medRχiv and PsyArXiv). The authors were to search these from January 1, 2020 to November 15, 2020 and then to remove duplicates. They were then to use the following strategy by making use of the Boolean operator “AND”: ((nurs* OR “nursing staff” OR “health personnel” OR “healthcare workers” OR “healthcare personnel” OR “health care personnel” OR “health care workers”) AND (COVID-19 OR SARS-COV-2)) AND (burnout). Also, they were then to search the full reference lists of all selected articles. In the article, the quantitative method is indeed clearly stated as a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Participants
The target population in Galanis et al. (2021) is indeed clearly stated. The selection procedures are also clearly described in the article and the participant protection is also discussed, as had been applicable in the studies being reviewed. Informed consent was not necessary to obtain as required because this was a systematic review of studies that were already done. As such, what can be considered as “participants” in this case are the individual articles selected for the review. In that perspective, the “participants” were selected through an elaborate process that is described in the article. However, there is no mention of the Institutional Review Board or IRB. This is not surprising given that it was a systematic review that did not involve dealing with human subjects directly Formulate a PICOT statement for your capstone project.
The selection through the literature search was in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. Through computerized databases, authors initially discovered 439 prospective entries; 270 remained after eliminating duplicates. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, they eliminated 212 items and added four additional that were discovered when scanning the reference lists. Finally, they included 16 studies (Aydin Sayilan et al., 2020; Buselli et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020a; Chor et al., 2020; Cortina-Rodrguez & Afanador, 2020; Ferry et al., 2020; Hoseinabadi et al., 2020; Jalili et al., 2020; Khasne et al., 2020) in this systematic review that met their inclusion criteria and among them six studies in the meta-analysis that included the appropriate data.
Data Collection
The data collection procedures are well stated. That means the how, where, and when the data was collected. The period of time is also stated clearly as from January 1, 2020 to November 15, 2020. Indeed, during the discussion there is an explanation of how themes were extracted during the time that the data was being analyzed. The authors state that information about the reviewed articles such as authors, location, gender, age, sample size, sampling technique, assessment tool, response rate, data collection time, publication (journal or pre-print service), number of nurses with burnout, scores on burnout scales, factors associated with burnout, and level of analysis were among the information we extracted from each study using structured forms (univariate or multivariable).
Results
In the study results, the research purpose is answered, the limitations are discussed, and recommendations are made to replicate or even revise the study. I all, the recommendations and findings are generally reliable and generalizable to the wider population. For instance, according to the MBI, they discovered a sizable prevalence of nurse burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, significant degrees of emotional tiredness, low personal accomplishment, and depersonalization were reported by 34.1%, 15.2%, and 12.6% of nurses, respectively. Even among nurses working in a very difficult situation like palliative care, these levels of burnout were far greater; the incidence of emotional tiredness, low personal accomplishment, and depersonalization is 19.5%, 9.3%, and 8.2%, respectively. A different meta-analysis, which used data from 49 countries, discovered that 11.23% of nurses worldwide reported experiencing burnout symptoms.
The research found a link between increased nurse burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and a decline in social support. The psychological help that HCWs got during and after a pandemic can have a substantial impact on how well they are able to manage their moods and emotions while dealing with the aftereffects of such a terrible occurrence. The authors also discovered that burnout among nurses is exacerbated by prolonged confinement. Studies with nurses who operate in quarantine zones during epidemics, where loneliness has been identified as a key stressor, verified this conclusion. When nurses are required to live away from their families and in specific hospitals, as was the case in Wuhan, China, loneliness is exacerbated. A crucial tool for nurses to combat the psychological discomfort that arises during epidemic outbreaks is family and social support.
Application to Nursing
The implications for
nursing
are indeed clear. Looking at the results, they are indeed applicable to patients in clinical practice. The implications to practice according to Ghassemi (2022) are:
The risk and protective variables for burnout during widespread epidemics must be identified, and multilevel evidence-based public health solutions must be used to increase nurses’ adaptive coping abilities, lessen their emotional and physical tiredness, and improve their function.
To develop specialized training for nurses, prepare the healthcare systems and nurses, future research should focus on a thorough assessment of the detrimental impacts of pandemic on nurses’ mental health and risk factors for burnout.
References
Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 0
(0), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14839
Ghassemi, A.E. (2022). Burnout in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: The rising need for development of evidence-based risk assessment and supportive interventions.
BMJ Journals, 25
(3), 94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2021-103438
Melnyk, B.M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019).
Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice, 4
th
ed
. Wolters Kluwer. Formulate a PICOT statement for your capstone project
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