Category: Nursing

Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult

Introduction

The patient, in this case, is a 31-year-old man with insomnia. The condition began six months ago after the sudden death of his wife. He is employed as a forklift operator at a local chemical company, but his health condition has affected his ability to perform his work. The patient claims that he has utilized diphenhydramine for sleeping in the past, but he does not like how he feels the next morning after using the medication. According to the patient’s prior physician’s medical record, he was abusing opiates after injuring his ankle in a skiing accident. The patient’s previous physician prescribed him hydrocodone/APAP (acetaminophen) for acute pain management after the accident. For four years, the individual has not received a prescription for an opiate analgesic. He points out that he has recently consumed approximately four beers to help him fall asleep. The patient is attentive and aware of the person talking to him, location, time, and incident. He maintains eye contact and is dressed appropriately for the season. All aspects of judgment, insight, and reality contact remain intact. The man also denies any suicidal ideas and is focused on the future.

Decision One

           
The treatment should start with Trazodone 10 mg daily at bedtime. Trazodone has been approved as an effective treatment for insomnia. The medicine is effective in lower doses in treating primary and secondary insomnia. Due to its generic availability, the medication is less expensive than newer insomnia medications. Trazodone can also be an effective sleep aid when taken in lower doses. The other reason for selecting the medication is that it is not addictive compared to other insomnia medications such as benzodiazepine class medication such as Valium and Xanax (Yi et al, 2018). The medication can also help the patient improve slow wave sleep, and the medication also has fewer side effects than most of the other medications used in treating insomnia Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult.

 
BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

There are various reasons why Zolpidem was not selected. The medication can result in severe allergic reactions in some patients. The various signs of allergic reaction due to the medication include swelling of the face and difficulty in breathing. The other reason is that the sedative effect of the medication is stronger than the other available options. The medication can also make a patient experience severe dizziness and drowsiness, resulting in falls, accidents, and severe injuries. Considering the nature of the patient’s work, the medication is not a good option because it can result in daytime drowsiness and dizziness, making the patient not conduct his job effectively. The medication can also result in a high level of aggressiveness and extroversion that is abnormal compared to the patient’s usual behavior (Jung, 2018). Considering that the patient has confirmed that he takes alcohol, Zolpidem cannot be used in the treatment process because the patient can experience auditory and visual hallucinations associated with strange behavior due to alcohol toxicity. Hydroxyzine 50mg was also not selected due to various. Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult. One of the main reasons is that the medication has a high side effects profile compared to Trazodone. The medication can also lead to daytime sedation, affecting how the patient will perform at work. Hydroxyzine can also result in various side effects such as skin rash, fast heartbeat, difficulty in swallowing, and chest discomfort (Silvestro, 2021).

From the treatment process, I expect that Trazodone will effectively treat the patient’s condition, and he will be able to sleep well. The patient experience an erection, which will last for approximately 15 minutes as a side effect of the medication. Ethical consideration will positively impact the treatment plan and when communicating with the patient. For instance, every decision and action that I will take will be for the fulfillment of the obligation to provide optimal care to the patient.

Decision Two

Explaining to the patient that an erection that lasts for approximately 15 minutes that he is experiencing is not priapism and should end over time, and he should continue taking the current dose. I choose this decision because the medication effectively treats insomnia, and the patient has enough sleep at night. Continuing with the current dose is also important because the patient is not experiencing any severe side effects apart from the prolonged erections and priapism due to its adrenergic blocking activity.

I did not select the decision to discontinue Trazodone and initiate treatment with suvorexant 1o mg at bedtime daily because of various reasons. Trazodone effectively treated the patient’s condition, and the patient did not experience any side effects; hence, changing the medication will negatively impact the treatment process. Initiating treatment with suvorexant is not a good decision. The medication is associated with various side effects such as next-day drowsiness and agitation. There is also limited evidence supporting the safety of using suvorexant in treating insomnia. The medication can cause the patient to become less alert during the day and feel drowsiness, headache, and dizziness. The medication can also result in memory problems or confusion. The patient can experience disturbed sleep as a side effect and have various experiences such as abnormal dreams, nightmares, and hallucinations. The medication can also cause the patient to experience sleep paralysis or even walk in their sleep.

Decreasing the current trazodone dose to 25 mg daily at bedtime is also not a good decision because the current dose of the medication was effective in treating the patient’s condition. Dose reduction can only be implemented when the patient is experiencing severe side effects due to the medication or it is too expensive for the patient to purchase the current dose of the medication (Yi et al, 2018). Considering the effectiveness of the current dose of Trazodone, reducing the dose can reduce the medication’s efficiency in treating insomnia or slow down the treatment process. I expect the patient to experience a further decrease in priapism from the treatment approach, and insomnia will also decrease. In this case, ethical consideration will ensure that I avoid causing harm to the patient.

Decision Three

           
The patient should continue with the current dose, and he may split the 50mg tablet into two. Decreasing the dose will help in reducing next-day drowsiness. In order to reduce the side effects of the medication, it is crucial to reduce the current dose to a lower dose considering that the medication is effective and the patient is getting better. Taking a lower dose of Trazodone is proven to be similarly effective than a higher dose, with appreciably fewer adverse effects such as decreased drowsiness and potentially improved quality of life.

The decision to discontinue Trazodone and initiate treatment with sonata 10 mg administered during bedtime is not good. This is because Trazadone has been effective in managing the patient’s condition. Initiating therapy with sonata 10 mg will is not a good decision considering the patient operates a vehicle in the chemical industry. This is because one of the major side effects of the sonata is lack of coordination which can lead to an accident, especially when an individual is driving. Other side effects of the medication that can reduce the patient’s quality of life include dizziness, drowsiness, and short-term memory loss. Another reason why treatment with sonata should not be initiated is that the medication is habit forming and can lead to dependency and can also be abused (Reeve & Bailes, 2010). Due to its habit-forming characteristics, it is not advisable to use the medication in long-term treatment, and it has not been proven to be effective in treating patients with long-term insomnia. Considering the patient has a history of alcohol consumption, the medication is not the best option and can result in various withdrawal symptoms if the patient suddenly stops using it.

The decision to discontinue Trazadone and start treatment with hydroxyzine 50 mg at bedtime is also not advisable. Hydroxyzine cannot be clinically significant to the patient considering the medication has a comparatively long half-life of approximately 20 hours (Schiffman et al, 2011). This will result in daytime sedation after sleeping at night. The medication also has a high side effect profile compared to the low side effect profile of Trazodone. Introducing hydroxyzine can also result in other adverse side effects such as Xerostomia and Xerophthalmia. Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult.

From the treatment approach, I expect the patient condition to become better after another four weeks of using the medication. Priapism will also diminish completely, and the level of drowsiness will decrease because the patient will be using a lower dose than the initial dose. Ethical consideration will be crucial in the treatment process and communication with the patient because it will allow me to minimize the medication’s harm to the patient and focus on promoting good health (Haddad, 2018).

References

Haddad, L. M., & Geiger, R. A. (2018). Nursing ethical considerations.

Jaffer, K. Y., Chang, T., Vanle, B., Dang, J., Steiner, A. J., Loera, N., … & Ishak, W. W. (2017). Trazodone for insomnia: a systematic review. 
Innovations in clinical neuroscience
, 
14
(7-8), 24.

Jung, M. (2018). Zolpidem overdose: a dilemma in mental health. 
The Health Care Manager
, 
37
(1), 86-89.

Reeve, K., & Bailes, B. (2010). Insomnia in adults: Etiology and management. 
The journal for nurse practitioners
, 
6
(1), 53-60.

Schiffman, J., Davis, M., Pierre, J., & Saunders, C. S. (2011). Hydroxyzine: rational choice for inpatients with insomnia. 
Current Psychiatry
, 
10
(3), 88-89.

Silvestro, S. (2021). Hydroxyzine (Vistaril): dosage, uses, side effects. 
Drugs
.

Assignment 2: Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders

Sleep disorders are conditions that result in changes in an individual’s pattern of sleep (Mayo Clinic, 2020). Not surprisingly, a sleep disorder can affect an individual’s overall health, safety, and quality of life. Psychiatric nurse practitioners can treat sleep disorders with psychopharmacologic treatments, however, many of these drugs can have negative effects on other aspects of a patient’s health and well-being. Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult . Additionally, while psychopharmacologic treatments may be able to address issues with sleep, they can also exert potential challenges with waking patterns. Thus, it is important for the psychiatric nurse practitioner to carefully evaluate the best psychopharmacologic treatments for patients that present with sleep/wake disorders.

Reference: 
Mayo Clinic. (2020). 
Sleep disorders
. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20354018

To prepare for this Assignment:

Review this week’s Learning Resources, including the Medication Resources indicated for this week.

Reflect on the psychopharmacologic treatments you might recommend for the assessment and treatment of patients with sleep/wake disorders.

The Assignment: 5 pages

Examine
 Case Study: Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult.
 You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this patient. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

At each decision point, you should evaluate all options before selecting your decision and moving throughout the exercise. Before you make your decision, make sure that you have researched each option and that you evaluate the decision that you will select. Be sure to research each option using the primary literature.

Introduction to the case (1 page)

Briefly explain and summarize the case for this Assignment. Be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision making when prescribing medication for this patient.

Decision #1 (1 page)

Which decision did you select?

Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult

Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #2 (1 page)

Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Decision #3 (1 page)

Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.

Conclusion (1 page)

Summarize your recommendations on the treatment options you selected for this patient. Be sure to justify your recommendations and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature. Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult

 
ORDER PAGE

Note:
 Support your rationale with a minimum of five academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement. You should be utilizing the primary and secondary literature.

Reminder
: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

 NURS_6630_Week8_Assignment2_Rubric

Grid View

List View

 
Show Descriptions

Introduction to the case (1 page)

Briefly explain and summarize the case for this Assignment. Be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision making when prescribing medication for this patient.
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 9 
(9%)
 – 10 
(10%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 8 
(8%)
 – 8 
(8%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 7 
(7%)
 – 7 
(7%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 6 
(6%)

Decision #1 (1–2 pages)

• Which decision did you select?

• Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

• Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult

• What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

• Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 18 
(18%)
 – 20 
(20%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 16 
(16%)
 – 17 
(17%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 13 
(13%)

Decision #2 (1–2 pages)

• Which decision did you select?

• Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

• Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

• What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

• Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 18 
(18%)
 – 20 
(20%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 16 
(16%)
 – 17 
(17%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 13 
(13%)

Decision #3 (1–2 pages)

• Which decision did you select?

• Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

• Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.

• What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).

Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult

• Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 18 
(18%)
 – 20 
(20%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 16 
(16%)
 – 17 
(17%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 13 
(13%)

Conclusion (1 page)

• Summarize your recommendations on the treatment options you selected for this patient. Be sure to justify your recommendations and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 14 
(14%)
 – 15 
(15%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 12 
(12%)
 – 13 
(13%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 11 
(11%)
 – 11 
(11%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 10 
(10%)

Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 5 
(5%)
 – 5 
(5%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 4 
(4%)
 – 4 
(4%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 3.5 
(3.5%)
 – 3.5 
(3.5%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 3 
(3%)

Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:

Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 5 
(5%)
 – 5 
(5%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 4 
(4%)
 – 4 
(4%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 3.5 
(3.5%)
 – 3.5 
(3.5%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 3 
(3%)

Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
—

Excellent

Point range: 90–100
 5 
(5%)
 – 5 
(5%)

Good

Point range: 80–89
 4 
(4%)
 – 4 
(4%)

Fair

Point range: 70–79
 3.5 
(3.5%)
 – 3.5 
(3.5%)

Poor

Point range: 0–69
 0 
(0%)
 – 3 
(3%)

Total Points: 100

Name: NURS_6630_Week8_Assignment2_Rubric

Insomnia

31-year-old Male

 

Decision Point One

 Trazodone 50 mg po at bedtime

RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

 Patient returns to clinic in 2 weeks

 Patient states medication works well but gives him an unpleasant side effect of an erection lasting approximately 15 minutes after waking

 Patient states this makes it difficult to get ready for work or go downstairs and have coffee with his girlfriend and daughter in the morning

 Patient denies auditory/visual hallucinations and is future oriented

Decision Point Two

Explain that an erection lasting 15 minutes is not considered a priapism and should diminish over time, continue with current dose

RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO

 Patient returns to clinic in 2 weeks

 Patient states priapism has diminished over time

 Patient denies auditory/visual hallucinations and is future oriented

 Patient states trazodone is effective at 50 mg dose but sometimes wakes up following day with next-day drowsiness

Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult

 Patient denies auditory/visual hallucinations and is future oriented

Decision Point Three

Continue dose. Explain to patient he may split the 50 mg tablet in half. The decreased dose should minimize next-day drowsiness. Follow up in 4 weeks

Guidance to Student

Trazodone is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that has a low side effect profile. It would not be prudent to prescribe sonata as it carries with it the risk of complex sleep behaviors. Hydroxyzine is an antihistamine with strong sedative properties. However, many patients complain of anticholinergic adverse effects the following morning, such as Xerostomia and Xerophthalmia.

The patient is presenting with excessive somnolence. It would be prudent to reduce the dose of trazodone by 50% and reassess in 4 weeks. Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders -Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult

Using the Walden Library Discussion Essay

Week 4 Initial Discussion Post

I used the Thoreau multi-database search tool to find a recent, peer-reviewed article in a subject related to my field of study (
Academic guides: Thoreau: Search multiple databases: About thoreau
, 2019). I wanted to find an article related to Antisocial Personality Disorder, pertaining to the patients I have worked with the most in my current workplace. An Ebsco Discovery Service search page was opened in a new tab upon entering a search subject into Thoreau. At this point, I limited my search by selecting “Full Text,” “Peer-Reviewed Scholarly Journals Only,” and chose the dates of 2018-2022. In doing this, I immediately found an article that piqued my interest. As a mental health nurse with an employment history in an inpatient forensic psychiatric setting, I have found that most of our patients have moderate to severe trauma histories. The article entitled “Association between childhood trauma, parental bonding and antisocial personality disorder in adulthood: A machine learning approach” was an appropriate choice for me (Schorr et al., 2021) Using the Walden Library Discussion Essay.

PLACE ORDER 

The Thoreau database search and the linked Ebsco Discovery Service database search was straightforward to use. At the check of a box, I was able to limit my search to peer-reviewed articles so that I did not have to wade through many articles to find one that met my learning needs. This database would be helpful to my colleagues because it simplifies the process of article selection. However, the Thoreau database is only available to Walden students and provides a limited selection of material (Allinder, n.d.). I would recommend this database to my colleagues as a starting point, but with the understanding that they can search other, more extensive databases available in the Walden Library.

References

Academic guides: Thoreau: Search multiple databases: About thoreau
. (2019). Waldenu.edu. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/thoreau

Schorr, M. T., Quadors dos Santos, B. T. M., Feiten, J. G., Sordi, A. O., Pessi, C., Von Diemen, L., Passos, I. C., Telles, L. E. de B., & Hauck, S. (2021). Association between childhood trauma, parental bonding and antisocial personality disorder in adulthood: A machine learning approach. 
Psychiatry Research
, 
304
, 114082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114082

 

By Day 3 of Week 4

Post
 the following:

Using proper APA formatting, cite the peer-reviewed article you selected that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest to you and identify the database that you used to search for the article. Explain any difficulties you experienced while searching for this article. Would this database be useful to your colleagues? Explain why or why not. Would you recommend this database? Explain why or why not.

By Day 6 of Week 4

Respond
 to at least 
two
of your colleagues’ posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources Using the Walden Library Discussion Essay.

The peer-reviewed article that I selected refers to the increasing number of maternal deaths in the United States. As a Labor and Delivery/Postpartum Nurse, this is a topic that haunts us daily. Maternal deaths are defined as deaths that occur during pregnancy or within the first 42 days after delivery, and the cause was directly or indirectly related to pregnancy (Witcher & Sisson, 2015). According to Witcher & Sisson (2015), about 40-50% of maternal deaths are preventable, and personally, that fact alone is not only sad but unacceptable. To help improve overall maternal (and infant) outcomes, identifying leading causes for the maternal deaths is key. “Postpartum hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy account for the majority of primary underlying maternal morbidity” (Witcher & Sisson, 2015, para. 20). Understanding reasons why women are dying during childbirth helps create solutions, educational guidelines, and strategies to prevent further maternal deaths.

 

The database I used to find my article was MEDLINE with Full Text. I chose this database because according to Walden University Library (n.d.), MEDLINE offers medical information on multiple health care platforms with full text. I did not have any difficulties finding an article as the database and Walden University Library is easy to maneuver and allows multiple ways to filter articles to find what you are looking for. I used the Boolean/Phrase method by typing “maternal mortality AND improvement AND outcomes”. From this research, there were 27 results Using the Walden Library Discussion Essay.

 

I would recommend the MEDLINE with Full Text database as I do believe that it would be helpful for my colleagues. Not only does the database provide medical peer-reviewed articles with full text, this database allowed easy access to the articles. With the ability to use the Boolean/Phrase search mode and multiple result filters, it was easy to narrow down what I was looking for so I did not have to scroll through multiple irrelevant articles.

 

References

 

Walden University Library. (n.d.). Database A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from 
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981

 

Witcher, P. M., & Sisson, M. C. (2015). Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Identifying Opportunities to Improve Clinical Outcomes. 
The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing
, 
29
(3), 202. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000112 Using the Walden Library Discussion Essay

NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library

Discussion – Week 4 Main Post

          The peer-reviewed article I choose to cite is related to preventing primary c-sections. Working as a nurse in Labor and Delivery, this topic relates to my practice area. C-section deliveries increase certain risks to patients, including risk for infection, pain, and bleeding (Games, Neerland, & Kennedy, 2019). As a result, a project was developed in a hospital to reduce primary c-sections through interventions and collaboration with the American College of Nurse-Midwives. Interventions included increased birthing and peanut balls, increased nurse support, and provider collaboration (Games, Neerland, & Kennedy, 2019). As a result, over two years, primary c-section rates in patients having their first baby decreased from 29 percent to 25 percent NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library.

PLACE ORDER 

The database I used to search for my article is the CINAHL Plus with full text. CINAHL stands for the cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature (Walden University Library, n.d.). This database was selected since it covers journals of many different nursing topics. Peer-reviewed articles are also listed in the CINAHL plus database (Walden University Library, n.d.). I did not encounter any difficulties searching for peer-reviewed articles. I utilized the Boolean phrase AND between two ideas to search for the article. Under the CINAHL plus, I typed quality improvement AND labor and delivery. This brought up 219 pieces after selecting the limited to scholarly journals filter.

The CINAHL Plus with the full-text database is helpful to nursing students since the database provides information on nursing and medical articles. NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library The database contains mainly journals which are also valuable for nursing students when compiling discussion questions. I would recommend this database to colleagues due to the easiness of using the database to find relevant evidence-based practice research. The database utilizes Boolean phrases like AND, OR, and NOT, which can be used to narrow down topics (Walden University Library, n.d.). The CINAHL plus text database is also listed in the top 15 databases for nurses, making it a reliable source for students to use to research topics. This database is reliable and easy to use, and I believe colleagues will also agree after using it several times.

References

Games, B., Neerland, C., & Kennedy, S. (2019). Reducing Primary Cesareans: An Innovative Multiprolonged Approach to Supporting Physiological Labor and Vaginal Birth.
The Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 33(1), 
52-60, 
https://doi.org/10.1097/0000000000000378

Walden University Library. (n.d.). Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved October 4, 2019, from
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981

 

NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library Response

First of all, I appreciate your work in Labor and Delivery and your dedication to furthering your education. I enjoyed reading the article you selected to research. As a mom of 4 children who had 4 c-sections, I understand the importance of the topic you chose related to preventing primary c-sections. My first labor was complicated and resulted in an emergency c-section. My subsequent pregnancies were planned as c-sections. I often times wish I had been educated more on vaginal birth after c-section (VBAC) because my third c-section resulted in extended hospitalization related to bleeding complications and a blood clot. The increase in c-sections in the United States (US) has been well documented by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Gams, Neerland, & Kennedy, 2019). And I was pleasantly surprised that the most recent rates are decreasing NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library.

Using the CINAHL plus with your instructions, I was able to find your article with ease and found it to be very informative. I used MEDLINE to search for my own research article and found it to be just as easy and informative. Then, I discovered the CINAHL & MEDLINE combined search which also includes “peer-reviewed articles, reports of evidence-based practice, case studies, systematic reviews, and more” (Walden University Library, n.d.). This may be an option you would like to utilize in the future since it combines the best of both worlds.

References

Gams, B., Neerland, C., & Kennedy, S. (2019). Reducing primary cesareans: An innovative multipronged approach to supporting physiologic labor and vaginal birth. 
The Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing
, 
33(1):52-60.  
https://doi.org/10.1097/0000000000000378
.

Walden University Library. (n.d.) Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved December 7, 2021 from 
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981

 

Discussion: Using the Walden Library

Where can you find evidence to inform your thoughts and scholarly writing? Throughout your degree program, you will use research literature to explore ideas, guide your thinking, and gain new insights. As you search the research literature, it is important to use resources that are peer-reviewed and from scholarly journals. You may already have some favorite online resources and databases that you use or have found useful in the past. For this Discussion, you explore databases available through the Walden Library.

Note
: Unless otherwise noted, initial postings to Discussions are due on or before Day 3, and response postings are due on or before Day 6. You are required to participate in the Discussion on at least three different days (a different day for main post and each response). It is important to adhere to the weekly time frame to allow others ample time to respond to your posting. In addition, you are expected to respond to questions directed toward your own initial posting in a timely manner NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library.

To Prepare:

Review the information presented in the Learning Resources for using the Walden Library, searching the databases, and evaluating online resources.

Begin searching for a peer-reviewed article that pertains to your practice area and interests you.

By Day 3 of Week 4

Post
 the following:

Using proper APA formatting, cite the peer-reviewed article you selected that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest to you and identify the database that you used to search for the article. Explain any difficulties you experienced while searching for this article. Would this database be useful to your colleagues? Explain why or why not. Would you recommend this database? Explain why or why not.

By Day 6 of Week 4

Respond
 to at least 
two
 of your colleagues’ posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources.

Discussion: Using the Walden Library

The peer reviewed article that I selected pertains to the effects of dialysis modality choice on cognitive functions in patients with end-stage renal failure. As a dialysis nurse for the majority of my nursing career, I know this is an important topic for dialysis patients. Patients must be educated on the various modalities available to them, so it is equally important that the dialysis nurse remain updated on studies regarding dialysis modality choices. In this particular study, a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate cognitive function in peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis patients (Gao, Ji, & Wang, 2021). I have worked in both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis so I was curious to see if the study’s conclusion coincided with my own experience in the field. The conclusion of the study hypothesized that patients on peritoneal dialysis demonstrated a lower chance of cognitive dysfunction compared to those on hemodialysis (Gao, Ji, & Wang, 2021). I wholeheartedly agree with this conclusion based on my own patient evaluations between modalities NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library.

The database I used to search for this article was MEDLINE with Full Text. MEDLINE includes “millions of references to journal articles in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine; indexed with the National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings” (Walden University Library, n.d.). I did not encounter any difficulties while searching for a peer reviewed article using this site. I utilized the Boolean/Phrase search mode to find the article. I typed “hemodialysis AND peritoneal AND peer reviewed” into the search fields which narrowed it down to a choice between four peer reviewed articles pertaining to my topic.

I believe MEDLINE would be a useful database to my colleagues. This was my first time using this particular database and I found what I was looking for immediately and with ease. I would highly recommend this database for my colleagues to use because it is listed as one of the top 15 databases for nursing. With millions of articles to choose from, MEDLINE covers all the bases, including peer reviewed journal articles pertaining to a wide degree of nursing subjects. You can utilize many types of searches to find what is needed, including publication years to search for more recent articles. All research in MEDLINE is peer-reviewed and permits you to see who conducted the research, who wrote the results, and even where the research was conducted (Swails, Lyons, & Ibarra, 2007) NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library. Overall, MEDLINE is a very reliable database that can be used with ease.

References

Gao, T., Ji, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021). The effects of dialysis modality choice on cognitive functions in patients with end-stage renal failure: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. 
Medicine
, 100(22), e26209. 
https://doi.org/10.1097MD.0000000000026209
.

Swails, D., Lyons, L., Ibarra, S. (2007). Finding the resources for an excellent paper. 
Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library
. 
https://himmelfarb.gwu.edu/tutorials/excellent_tutorial/medline.html

Walden University Library. (n.d.) Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved December 7, 2021 from 
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981 
 NURS 6003 Discussion: Using the Walden Library

APA 7 Sample

Title of the Paper in Full

 

Student Name

Program Name or Degree Name (e.g., Master of Science in Nursing), Walden University

COURSE XX: Title of Course

Instructor Name

Month XX, 202X

 

Abstract

This is the abstract, which is typed in block format with no indentation. Abstracts are not required for all course papers. Please ask your instructor if you have questions regarding whether an abstract is required for a particular assignment. The abstract briefly summarizes your paper in 250 words or less. Through your abstract, your readers should be able to fully understand the content and the implications of the paper. Also, note that writing this section after the paper itself may be helpful. See section 2.9 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Abstracts webpage
for tips and more information on writing abstracts.

 

Title of the Paper in Full

When you download a Walden template, the first action is to save it locally to your computer using the Save As command. You will want to make sure that you are moving the document to a new location on your computer when you Save As. Documents should not be maintained in the Download folder. When you are ready to use the template for a paper, you will open the template, and immediately Save As giving the document a new name APA 7 Sample. Once you have renamed the document, you can safely use the Save command for saving the document as you write.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

This template’s margins, page numbers, and page breaks are set for you, and you do not need to change them. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (tip: check Spacing under Format, Paragraph in your word processor, and make sure that it is set to 0”). Instead, just use a standard double space, indent a full ½ inch (preferably using the tab button), and start typing. To indent your paragraphs, do not use the space bar. Instead, use the Tab key on your keyboard or use the Paragraph settings so that
the first line of a paragraph is automatically indented
. While APA allows writers to choose a font that is “accessible to readers” (American Psychological Society, 2020, p. 44), and offers a few recommended types and sizes (see Section 2.19), this template uses Times New Roman size 12. The introduction should receive no specific heading because readers assume that the first section functions as your paper’s introduction.

After considering these formatting issues, you will need to construct a
thesis statement
, which lets readers know how you synthesized the literature into a treatise that is capable of advancing a new point of view. This statement provides readers with a lens for understanding the
evidence
you will present in the body of your essay (each
paragraph
and thus evidence within those paragraphs you include should support and apply to this thesis statement).

APA_Course_Paper_Template_with_Abstract_and_Advice_APA_7

Once you have established your thesis, begin constructing the
introduction
. An easy template for writing an introduction follows:

Start with what has been said or done regarding the topic.

Explain the problem with what has been said or done APA 7 Sample.

Offer a solution in a concise thesis statement that can be supported by the evidence.

Level 1 Heading

This text will be the beginning of the body of the essay. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers follow your ideas and evidence. The first sentence in each paragraph should start with a
topic sentence
, which summarizes the main point in the current paragraph. Make sure each paragraph contains only one topic, which helps establish a
clear scope for your paragraph
. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. You can use the
MEAL plan
as a way to conceptualize and organize your paragraphs. In short, think about our paragraphs in this way: new idea, new paragraph.

Another Level 1 Heading

Here is another Level 1 heading. Note that, when you add additional headings, you should use the APA levels available in the Styles area of your toolbar. If you enter them manually instead, you may need to delete the automatic indent that appears because Word thinks you are beginning a new paragraph. Again, the
topic sentence
of this section should explain how this paragraph is related or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using
transitions
between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.

Level 2 Heading

The Level 2 heading designates a subsection of the previous section. Using headings is a great way to organize a paper and increase its readability, so see Section 2.27 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Heading Levels webpage
for details on heading formatting (APA 7 also has a chart detailing heading formatting in the inside front cover). For shorter papers, using one or two levels is all that is needed. You would use Level 1 (centered, bold font with title case) and Level 2 (left aligned, bold, title case). This template provides examples of APA’s four heading levels, but remember to use headings judiciously to indicate your paper’s organization APA 7 Sample. Too many headings (e.g., headings for each paragraph) can be distracting, while too little headings can make your paper’s organization unclear.

Level 3 Heading

Level 3 and 4 headings introduce some new formatting. Level 3 headings are in italics, and Level 4 headings are indented. All headings are in title case. The number of heading levels needed in a particular paper is not set, but longer papers may benefit from another heading level, such as this Level 3 heading (which is left-aligned, bold, italicized, and title case), in order to clearly organize and identify the nesting development of ideas.

Level 4 Heading. One crucial area in APA is learning how to cite. Make sure to
cite source information throughout your paper
to avoid plagiarism. This practice is critical: you need to give credit to your sources and avoid copying others’ work. Look at Chapter 8 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Plagiarism Prevention Resource Kit
for guidelines on citing source information in your writing.

Level 1 Heading

APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous resources on its website and by email to help. Email
writingsupport@waldenu.edu
or visit our
Live Chat Hours
for questions, and peruse the
APA Style section
of our website for in-depth information. The Writing Center’s
Crash Course in APA Style
video
can help you identify the APA rules you may need to learn more about.

Level 1 Heading

The
conclusion
section should recap the major points of your paper. A conclusion can be one paragraph, but it can also be a few paragraphs, depending on the length of your paper. However, perhaps more importantly, the conclusion should also interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. To help write your conclusion, consider asking yourself these questions: What do you want to happen with the information you have provided? What do you want to change? What is your ultimate goal in using this information? What would it mean if the reader of your paper took and used the suggestions in your paper? APA 7 Sample

 

References

(Note that the following references are intended as examples only. These entries illustrate different types of references but are not cited in the body of this template. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.

For additional information, examples, and help with reference entries, see Chapter 9 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
References section of the website
, particularly the
Common Reference List Examples page
.)

American Counseling Association. (n.d.).
About us.

https://www.counseling.org/about-us/about-aca

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences.
Educational Leadership, 76
(1), 26-33.

Bach, D., & Blake, D. J. (2016). Frame or get framed: The critical role of issue framing in nonmarket management.
California Management Review, 58
(3), 66-87.
https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.66

Burgess, R. (2019).
Rethinking global health: Frameworks of Power.
Routledge.

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24
(2), 225–229.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Johnson, P. (2003).
Art: A new history.
HarperCollins.
https://doi.org/10.1037.0000136-000
​

Lindley, L. C., & Slayter, E. M. (2018). Prior trauma exposure and serious illness at end of life: A national study of children in the U.S. foster care system from 2005 to 2015.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56
(3), 309–317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.001

Osman, M. A. (2016, December 15).
5 do’s and don’ts for staying motivated.
Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/5-dos-and-donts-for-staying-motivated/art-20270835

Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016).
Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice
(7th ed.). Wiley.

Walden University Library. (n.d.).
Anatomy of a research article
[Video].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/instructionalmedia/tutorials#s-lg-box-7955524

Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.).
Writing literature reviews in your graduate coursework
[Webinar].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/webinars/graduate#s-lg-box-18447417

World Health Organization. (2018, March).
Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety.

https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/
  APA 7 Sample

Nursing Capstone project template

 

Title of the Capstone

 

Student Name

Program Name or Degree Name (e.g., Bachelor of Science in Psychology), Walden University

COURSE XXX: Title of Course

Instructor Name

Month XX, 202X

 

Abstract

AAA bbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr sssss tttt uuuu vvvv wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz. AAA bbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr sssss tttt uuuu vvvv wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz. AAA bbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr sssss tttt uuuu vvvv wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz. AAA bbb cccc dddd eeee ffff gggg hhhh iiii jjjj kkkk llll mmmm nnnn oooo pppp qqqq rrrr sssss tttt uuuu vvvv wwww xxxx yyyy zzzz.

 

 

Title of the Capstone

Do not add any extra spaces between your heading and your text (check Spacing under Format, Paragraph in your word processor, and make sure that it’s set to 0”); just use a standard double space, and indent the first line of each paragraph a full ½ inch (preferably using the tab button). Your
introduction
should receive no specific heading because it is assumed that your first section is your introduction section.

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

After considering these formatting issues, you will need to construct a
thesis statement
, which lets readers know the argument you will be supporting and developing in your paper. This statement provides readers with a lens for understanding the
evidence
you will present in the body of your essay (each
paragraph
and thus evidence within those paragraphs you include should support and apply to this thesis statement).

Undergraduate_Capstone_Template_With_Abstract_APA_7_

Once you have established your thesis, begin constructing the introduction. Introductions are usually organized from broad to narrow, with the broadest, general information around your topic going first, then narrowing to provide more specific details until you end with your thesis statement. An easy template for writing an introduction follows:

Start with what’s been said/done regarding your topic of interest.

Explain the problem with what’s been said or done.

Offer your solution, your thesis statement (one that can be supported by the evidence).

Level 1 Heading

This text will be the beginning of the body of the essay. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers follow your ideas and evidence. The first sentence in each paragraph should start with a
topic sentence
, which summarizes the main point in the current paragraph. Make sure each paragraph contains only one topic, which helps establish a
clear scope for your paragraph
. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. You can use the
MEAL plan
as a way to conceptualize and organize your paragraphs. In short, think about our paragraphs in this way: new idea, new paragraph Nursing Capstone project template .

Level 2 Head
ing

The Level 2 heading designates a subsection of the previous section. Using headings is a great way to organize a paper and increase its readability, so see section 2.27 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Heading Levels webpage
for details on heading formatting (APA 7 also has a chart detailing heading formatting in the inside front cover). For shorter papers, using one or two levels is all that is needed. You would use Level 1 (centered, bold font with title case) and Level 2 (left aligned, bold, title case).

Level 3 Heading

The number of headings you need in a particular paper is not set, but for longer papers, you may need another heading level. You would then use Level 3 (left-aligned, bold, italicized, title case).

One crucial area in APA is learning how to cite. Make sure to
cite source information throughout your paper
to avoid plagiarism. This practice is critical: you need to give credit to your sources and avoid copying others’ work. Look at Chapter 8 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Plagiarism Prevention Resource Kit
for guidelines on citing source information in your writing.

Level 1 Heading

The
conclusion
section should recap the major points of your paper. A conclusion can be one paragraph, but it can also be a few paragraphs, depending on the length of your paper. However, perhaps more importantly, the conclusion should also interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. To help write your conclusion, consider asking yourself these questions: What do you want to happen with the information you have provided? What do you want to change? What is your ultimate goal in using this information? What would it mean if the reader of your paper took and used the suggestions in your paper? Nursing Capstone project template

 

Reference
s

(Note that the following references are intended as examples only. These entries illustrate different types of references but are not cited in the body of this template. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.

For additional information, examples, and help with reference entries, see Chapter 9 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
References section of the website
, particularly the
Common Reference List Examples page
.)

American Counseling Association. (n.d.).
About us.

https://www.counseling.org/about-us/about-aca

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences.
Educational Leadership, 76
(1), 26-33.

Bach, D., & Blake, D. J. (2016). Frame or get framed: The critical role of issue framing in nonmarket management.
California Management Review, 58
(3), 66-87.
https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.66

Burgess, R. (2019).
Rethinking global health: Frameworks of Power.
Routledge Nursing Capstone project template .​

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24
(2), 225–229.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Johnson, P. (2003).
Art: A new history.
HarperCollins.
https://doi.org/10.1037.0000136-000
​

Lindley, L. C., & Slayter, E. M. (2018). Prior trauma exposure and serious illness at end of life: A national study of children in the U.S. foster care system from 2005 to 2015.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56
(3), 309–317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.001

Osman, M. A. (2016, December 15).
5 do’s and don’ts for staying motivated.
Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/5-dos-and-donts-for-staying-motivated/art-20270835

Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016).
Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice
(7th ed.). Wiley.

Walden University Library. (n.d.).
Anatomy of a research article
[Video].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/instructionalmedia/tutorials#s-lg-box-7955524

Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.).
Writing literature reviews in your graduate coursework
[Webinar].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/webinars/graduate#s-lg-box-18447417

World Health Organization. (2018, March).
Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety.

https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/
  Nursing Capstone project template

Capstone project template

Title of the Capstone

 

Student Name

Program Name or Degree Name (e.g., Bachelor of Science in Psychology), Walden University

COURSE XXX: Title of Course

Instructor Name

Month XX, 202X

 

Title of the Capstone

Do not add any extra spaces between your heading and your text (check Spacing under Format, Paragraph in your word processor, and make sure that it’s set to 0”); just use a standard double space, and indent the first line of each paragraph a full ½ inch (preferably using the tab button). Your
introduction
should receive no specific heading because it is assumed that your first section is your introduction section.

After considering these formatting issues, you will need to construct a
thesis statement
, which lets readers know the argument you will be supporting and developing in your paper. This statement provides readers with a lens for understanding the
evidence
you will present in the body of your essay (each
paragraph
and thus evidence within those paragraphs you include should support and apply to this thesis statement).

BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Once you have established your thesis, begin constructing the introduction. Introductions are usually organized from broad to narrow, with the broadest, general information around your topic going first, then narrowing to provide more specific details until you end with your thesis statement. An easy template for writing an introduction follows:

Undergraduate_Capstone_Template_APA_7

Start with what’s been said/done regarding your topic of interest.

Explain the problem with what’s been said or done.

Offer your solution, your thesis statement (one that can be supported by the evidence) Capstone project template .

Level 1 Head
ing

This text will be the beginning of the body of the essay. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers follow your ideas and evidence. The first sentence in each paragraph should start with a
topic sentence
, which summarizes the main point in the current paragraph. Make sure each paragraph contains only one topic, which helps establish a
clear scope for your paragraph
. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. You can use the
MEAL plan
as a way to conceptualize and organize your paragraphs. In short, think about our paragraphs in this way: new idea, new paragraph.

Level 2 Heading

The Level 2 heading designates a subsection of the previous section. Using headings is a great way to organize a paper and increase its readability, so see section 2.27 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Heading Levels webpage
for details on heading formatting (APA 7 also has a chart detailing heading formatting in the inside front cover) Capstone project template . For shorter papers, using one or two levels is all that is needed. You would use Level 1 (centered, bold font with title case) and Level 2 (left aligned, bold, title case).

Level 3 Heading

The number of headings you need in a particular paper is not set, but for longer papers, you may need another heading level. You would then use Level 3 (left-aligned, bold, italicized, title case).

One crucial area in APA is learning how to cite. Make sure to
cite source information throughout your paper
to avoid plagiarism. This practice is critical: you need to give credit to your sources and avoid copying others’ work. Look at Chapter 8 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
Plagiarism Prevention Resource Kit
for guidelines on citing source information in your writing.

Level 1 Heading

The
conclusion
section should recap the major points of your paper. A conclusion can be one paragraph, but it can also be a few paragraphs, depending on the length of your paper. However, perhaps more importantly, the conclusion should also interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. To help write your conclusion, consider asking yourself these questions: What do you want to happen with the information you have provided? What do you want to change? What is your ultimate goal in using this information? What would it mean if the reader of your paper took and used the suggestions in your paper?

 

 

 

Reference
s

(Note that the following references are intended as examples only. These entries illustrate different types of references but are not cited in the body of this template. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.

For additional information, examples, and help with reference entries, see Chapter 9 of APA 7 and the Writing Center’s
References section of the website
, particularly the
Common Reference List Examples page
.)

American Counseling Association. (n.d.).
About us.

https://www.counseling.org/about-us/about-aca

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences.
Educational Leadership, 76
(1), 26-33.

Bach, D., & Blake, D. J. (2016). Frame or get framed: The critical role of issue framing in nonmarket management.
California Management Review, 58
(3), 66-87.
https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.66

Burgess, R. (2019).
Rethinking global health: Frameworks of Power.
Routledge.​

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24
(2), 225–229.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Johnson, P. (2003).
Art: A new history.
HarperCollins.
https://doi.org/10.1037.0000136-000
​

Lindley, L. C., & Slayter, E. M. (2018). Prior trauma exposure and serious illness at end of life: A national study of children in the U.S. foster care system from 2005 to 2015.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56
(3), 309–317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.001

Osman, M. A. (2016, December 15).
5 do’s and don’ts for staying motivated.
Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/5-dos-and-donts-for-staying-motivated/art-20270835

Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016).
Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice
(7th ed.). Wiley.

Walden University Library. (n.d.).
Anatomy of a research article
[Video].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/instructionalmedia/tutorials#s-lg-box-7955524

Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.).
Writing literature reviews in your graduate coursework
[Webinar].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/webinars/graduate#s-lg-box-18447417

World Health Organization. (2018, March).
Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety.

https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/
  Capstone project template

APA 7 sample nursing paper

 

Title of the Paper in Full

 

Student Name

Program Name or Degree Name (e.g., Bachelor of Science in Psychology), Walden University

COURSE XXX: Title of Course

Instructor Name

Month XX, 202X

 

Title of the Paper in Full

When you download a Walden template, the first action is to save it locally to your computer using the Save As command. You will want to make sure that you are moving the document to a new location on your computer when you Save As. Documents should not be maintained in the Download folder. When you are ready to use the template for a paper, you will open the template, and immediately Save As giving the document a new name. Once you have renamed the document, you can safely use the Save command for saving the document as you write APA 7 sample nursing paper.

ORDER HERE

APA format and college-level writing can be difficult for many students returning to school after several years away from academia. An abstract is typically not required for the short papers that undergraduates write, so an abstract page is not included in this template but can be added if needed (you can find a version with the abstract on our
General Templates page
). The references page shows some sample references for sources such as webpages, books, journal articles, and course videos. Below follows some advice for writing your paper and adhering to APA standards.

Your
introductory paragraph
and every paragraph that follows should have a minimum of three sentences, with an average of four to five and no more than seven sentences. The last sentence of your opening paragraph should be the
thesis statement
, which summarizes the purpose of the assignment and how you intend to address it. The sentences preceding your thesis statement should simply provide background that contextualizes your thesis for readers.

 

Each paragraph should begin with a
topic sentence
, which summarizes the paragraph’s main argument or idea. Also, the last sentence (or lead-out) of each paragraph should be a transition statement that connects what you discussed in that paragraph and what is to come in the next one. In the middle of each paragraph, you should cover something with your own thoughts, and in a separate sentence, provide a sentence paraphrased from a source with an in-text citation at the end. The source may back up your opinion, or give an alternative viewpoint, or even simply provide some background. See the Writing Center’s
webpage on paragraphs
for further advice.

Try to use
paraphrases
instead of
direct quotations
when possible, only quoting when the meaning of the idea or excerpt would be lost if you paraphrase it. All information from sources, whether paraphrased or quoted, need to be cited.
Citations
should be in parenthetical or narrative citation format and include the last name(s) of the author(s) or name of the organization that published the material, year of publication, and a page or paragraph number for quoted material. Each source cited in your paper, unless it is a
personal communication
, should include a corresponding
reference list
entry. If no date is given for a source, write “n.d.” in place of the year (it stands for “no date”). This sentence does not come from a source, but I will end it with an in-text citation so you can see an example (Author, n.d.). If you have more than two sentences of information from one source, ensure that it is clear to the reader where the information in each sentence is from, using citations or other cue phrases (e.g. The authors also stated…). For more information and examples, see APA 7, Section 8.

Many websites that information comes from are suspect in terms of factual and unbiased information. In a nutshell, avoid using Wikipedia, About.com, Answers.com, or similar websites, as the Writing Center explains in the
“Why You Shouldn’t Wiki” blog post
. Though some .com sites are acceptable, most undergraduates have trouble identifying whether they can be trusted, so an easy guideline to follow is to avoid them. Websites ending in .gov, .net, .edu, .org, and so forth are typically more trustworthy than a .com source. See the Library’s
Evaluating Resources webpage
for more tips on finding reliable sources.

The body of your paper should have a couple of paragraphs or more. Your
conclusion paragraph
should briefly summarize the main points of your paper and place the paper in the context of social change. While your conclusion should not introduce new topics, you may suggest a direction for future research. Generally, you should not write anything in the conclusion that would require you to cite a source; instead, the conclusion should represent only your own thoughts and analysis.

Make sure you follow directions, and we recommend you download the grading rubric from Doc Sharing that breaks down how an assignment is graded. A one-page essay means a full one page of writing and does not include elements such as references, tables or figures, or the title page. The requirement of using two sources in your assignment directions does not mean simply providing two in-text citations for the same source; the sources themselves must be different. Lastly, if you have any questions about writing a paper or properly citing sources, feel free to contact the Writing Center at
writingsupport@waldenu.edu
or through our
Live Chat Hours
.

 

 

Reference
s

(Note that the following references are intended as examples only. These entries illustrate different types of references but are not cited in the text of this template. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.)

American Counseling Association. (n.d.).
About us.

https://www.counseling.org/about-us/about-aca

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences.
Educational Leadership, 76
(1), 26-33.

Bach, D., & Blake, D. J. (2016). Frame or get framed: The critical role of issue framing in nonmarket management.
California Management Review, 58
(3), 66-87.
https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.66

Burgess, R. (2019).
Rethinking global health: Frameworks of Power.
Routledge APA 7 sample nursing paper

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24
(2), 225–229.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Johnson, P. (2003).
Art: A new history.
HarperCollins.
https://doi.org/10.1037.0000136-000
​

Lindley, L. C., & Slayter, E. M. (2018). Prior trauma exposure and serious illness at end of life: A national study of children in the U.S. foster care system from 2005 to 2015.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56
(3), 309–317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.06.001

Osman, M. A. (2016, December 15).
5 do’s and don’ts for staying motivated.
Mayo Clinic.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/5-dos-and-donts-for-staying-motivated/art-20270835

Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016).
Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice
(7th ed.). Wiley.

Walden University Library. (n.d.).
Anatomy of a research article
[Video].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/instructionalmedia/tutorials#s-lg-box-7955524

Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.).
Writing literature reviews in your graduate coursework
[Webinar].
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/webinars/graduate#s-lg-box-18447417

World Health Organization. (2018, March).
Questions and answers on immunization and vaccine safety.

https://www.who.int/features/qa/84/en/
  APA 7 sample nursing paper

APA 6 and 7 Comparison Tables of Changes

These comparison tables offer highlights of some changes between APA 6 and APA 7. Note that

these are not comprehensive tables of all changes between the two editions.

Citations

Topic APA 6 (location and old guideline) APA 7 (location and new guideline)

In-text citation

format for

three or more

authors

Table 6.1: In in-text citations of

sources with three to five authors,

list all authors the first time, then

use et al. after that; for sources with

six or more authors, use et al. for all

citations.

8.17 (Table 8.1): In in-text citations,

use et al. for all citations for sources

with three or more authors.

Direct

quotations

from

audiovisual

works

No guidance in the manual itself

(only on the APA Style Blog).

8.28: To quote directly from an

audiovisual work, include a time

stamp marking the beginning of the

quoted material in place of a page

number.

Dates listed in

secondary

source

citations

6.17: Secondary source does not

include the date of the original

source.

8.6: Secondary source citation

includes the date of the original

source.

References

Topic APA 6 (location and old

guideline)

APA 7 (location and new

guideline)

Number of author names listed

in a reference

6.27: Provide surnames and

initials for up to seven

authors in a reference entry.

If there are eight or more

authors, use three spaced

ellipsis points after the sixth

author, followed by the final

9.8: Provide surnames and

initials for up to 20 authors in

a reference entry. If there are

21 or more authors, use the

ellipsis after the 19th,

followed by the final author

name (no ampersand).

Walden University Writing Center 2

author name (no

ampersand).

Reference format when

publisher and author are the

same

7.02: When a work’s

publisher and author are the

same, use the word “Author”

as the name of the publisher

in its reference entry.

9.24: When a work’s

publisher and author are the

same, omit the publisher in

its reference entry.

Issue numbers for journal

articles in references

6.30; see also 7.01: Include

issue number when journal

is paginated separately by

issue.

9.25: Include issue number

for all periodicals that have

issue numbers.

Publisher location 6.30: Provide publisher

location (city, state, etc.)

before publisher name.

9.29: Do not include

publisher location (city, state,

etc.) after publisher name in a

reference.

Reference for online work

with no DOI

6.32: If an online work has

no DOI, provide the home

page URL of the journal or

of the book/report publisher.

9.34: If an online work (e.g.,

a journal article) has no DOI

and was found through an

academic research database,

generally, no URL is needed.

The reference will look just

like the print version.

Hyperlinks in DOI and URL

formatting

6.32: DOI begins with either

“doi:” or with

“https://doi.org/” in

references. The

recommendation that URLs

should be in plain black text,

not underlined, follows

examples from APA 6 and

the APA Style Blog.

9.35: Both DOIs and URLs

should be presented as

hyperlinks (beginning with

“http://” or “https://”).

Standardize DOIs as starting

with “https://doi.org/”. In

documents to be read online,

use live links.

Blue/underlined or plain

black text, not underlined, are

both acceptable.

URL retrieval information in

references

7.01: URLs include a

retrieval phrase (e.g.,

“Retrieved from”).

9.35: The words “Retrieved

from” or “Accessed from” are

no longer necessary before a

URL. The only time the word

“Retrieved” (and not

Walden University Writing Center 3

“Retrieved from”) is needed

is in those rare cases where a

retrieval date is necessary

(see p. 290, 9.16).

Website name in references for

online media

Chapter 7: List the URL but

not the website name in the

publication information.

10.15-10.16: Include the

name of the website in plain

text, followed by a period,

before the URL.

Avoiding Bias

Topic APA 6 (location and old guideline) APA 7 (location and new guideline)

Singular

usage of

“they”

APA_6___7_Comparison_Tables_of_Changes

3.12: No mention of singular human

pronouns other than traditional,

binary “he” and “she” and their

related forms.

4.18: Use singular “they” and related

forms (them, their, etc.) when (a)

referring to a person who uses “they”

as their preferred pronoun (b) when

gender is unknown or irrelevant.

Disability 3.15: Use person-first language. 5.4: Both person-first and identityfirst language “are fine choices

overall” (p. 137). Okay to use either

one until you know group preference.

Gender and

noun/pronoun

usage

n/a: No guidance. 5.5: Use individuals’ preferred names

and pronouns even if they differ from

official documents, keeping in mind

concerns about confidentiality.

Race and

ethnicity–

Latin@

n/a: No guidance. 5.7: “Latin@” for Latino and Latina

can be used to avoid “Latino,” which

is gendered.

Race and

ethnicity–

Latinx

n/a: No guidance. 5.7: “Latinx” can be used to include

all gender identities.

Walden University Writing Center 4

General Formatting/Mechanics

Topic APA 6 (location and old

guideline)

APA 7 (location and new guideline)

Italics vs.

quotation marks

4.07: Use italics to highlight a

letter, word, phrase, or sentence as

a linguistic example (e.g., they

clarified the distinction between

farther and further).

6.07: Use quotation marks to refer to

a letter, word, phrase, or sentence as

a linguistic example of itself (e.g.,

they clarified the difference between

“farther” and “further”).

Numbers 4.31: Numbers in the abstract of a

paper should be expressed as

numerals.

6.32: Use numerals for numbers 10+

for all sections of the paper including

the abstract (numbers in abstracts

now follow general APA number

rules).

Numbers

expressing time

4.31: Although numerals should be

used for numbers that represent

time (among other things) even if

below 10, the number should be

spelled out if it refers to an

approximate amount of time (e.g.,

about three months ago).

6.32: Numbers representing time are

written as numerals, not spelled out,

regardless of whether the time is

exact or approximate (e.g. “about 7

weeks,” “3 decades,” or

“approximately 5 years ago”).

Punctuation for

bulleted lists

within a

sentence

3.04: For bulleted lists within a

sentence (i.e., when each list item is

a word or phrase, not a complete

sentence), use punctuation after

each list element in the same way

you would if the sentence had no

bullets (i.e., commas or semicolons

as appropriate and a period after the

last item).

6.52*: For bulleted lists within a

sentence, there is the option to either

(a) use no punctuation after any of

the list items, including the last, or

(b) use punctuation after each

bulleted item in the same way you

would if the sentence had no bullets

(as was the case in APA 6). The

manual suggests that using no

punctuation may be more appropriate

for lists of shorter, simpler items.

*Note: The term “seriation” does not

appear in APA 7 and has been

replaced by “lists” (see 6.50 for

lettered lists, 6.51 for numbered lists,

and 6.52 for bulleted lists).

Walden University Writing Center 5

Spacing after

punctuation

marks

4.01: Recommendation to space

twice after punctuation marks at the

end of sentences to aid readers of

draft manuscripts.

6.1: Insert only one space after

periods or other punctuation marks

that end a sentence.

Preferred

spellings of

technology

terms

Based on how words were written

in 6th edition manual, not explicit

examples of spelling, preferred

spellings were as follows: “e-mail,”

“Internet,” and “web page.” 4.12

indicates spelling should conform

to standard American English as in

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate

Dictionary.

6.11: Commonly used technology

terms are listed and should be spelled

as follows: “email,” “internet,” and

“webpage.”

Use of

abbreviations in

headings

n/a: No guidance in manual; On the

archived sixth edition APA Style

Blog, APA experts recommended

not using abbreviations in headings.

(see post titled “Can I use

abbreviations in headings?”)

6.25: Abbreviations can be used in

headings if they were previously

defined in the text (but cannot be

defined in the heading itself), or if

the abbreviation is exempt from

needing definition because it appears

as a term in the dictionary.

Acceptable

fonts

8.03: The preferred typeface is

Times New Roman, 12-point.

2.19: A variety of fonts are

acceptable, with focus on

accessibility for readers. APA

accepts sans serif fonts such as

Calibri 11, Arial 11, and Lucida Sans

Unicode 10, as well as serif fonts

such as Times New Roman 12,

Georgia 11, and Computer Modern

10. Note: Per our institutional

requirement, Walden doctoral

capstones should use Times New

Roman 12. Walden coursework

templates also use Times New

Roman 12, but the other APAendorsed fonts are also acceptable in

Walden coursework.

Walden University Writing Center 6

Paper-Specific Formatting

Topic APA 6 (location and old guideline) APA 7 (location and new guideline)

Paper title

length

2.01: Recommended title length is no

more than 12 words.

2.4: No prescribed limit for title

length (though recommendation for

conciseness).

Title

formatting

2.1: Title in regular type (not bold). 2.4: Title in bold type.

There is an institutional variation for

titles in doctoral capstone documents

(i.e., dissertations, doctoral studies,

or projects): The title is in plain type.

Doctoral capstone students should

refer to the APA 7 template for their

program posted on the Doctoral

Capstone Form and Style Programs

page after June 1 to see this Walden

institutional variation in place.

Heading

levels 3,4,

and 5

formatting

3.03: Levels 3, 4, and 5 are all

indented and sentence case.

2.27-2.28: Levels 3, 4, and 5 are all

title case. Level 3 is now flush left,

while 4 and 5 remain indented.

Tables and Figures

Topic APA 6 (location and old guideline) APA 7 (location and new guideline)

Tables 5.1 and 5.16: Table number is plain

type, table title is title case and set in

italics; see Sample Tables 5.1 to

5.16.

7.2 and 7.24: Table number is bold; table title

is title case and set in italics. See Sample

Tables 7.2 to 7.24.

Walden University Writing Center 7

Figures 5.1 and 5.12: Figure number and

caption are on same line and are

placed below the figure; see Sample

Figures 5.1 to 5.12.

7.2-7.21: Figure number and caption are on

separate lines and are placed above the figure,

and the style matches that for tables: Figure

number is bold, figure caption is title case and

Quiz: APA Style and Format

As a nurse embarking on an advanced degree, you are developing the characteristics of a scholar-practitioner, which include strong communication skills. Writing in a scholarly manner involves supporting your thoughts with evidence from the literature and appropriately using APA formatting.

LET’S DO YOUR QUIZ

One of the challenges of scholarly writing is paraphrasing the thoughts of others in your work. Paraphrasing, and correctly citing the original author for his or her ideas, allows you to take the ideas of others, summarize them, and incorporate them into your own writing. When summarizing the ideas of others, it is important to avoid plagiarizing (i.e., copying the words and ideas of others as though they were your own). In addition to expanding your knowledge of APA Style, this modules’ Learning Resources help you distinguish between paraphrasing and plagiarizing.

This Quiz will help you determine how your understanding of these concepts and preparedness to reflect them in your work. The questions presented on the Quiz are derived from the Resources related to APA writing standards, plagiarism, and academic integrity.

What Is APA Style?

The American Psychological Association (APA) developed a set of standards that writers in the social sciences follow to create consistency throughout publications. These rules address:

crediting sources

document formatting

writing style and organization

APA’s guidelines assist readers in recognizing a writer’s ideas and information, rather than having to adjust to inconsistent formatting. In this way, APA allows writers to express themselves clearly and easily to readers. The APA materials developed in the Walden Writing Center are based on 
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition
, often referred to on this website as “APA 7” or “the APA manual.”

APA References & Citations Diagnostic Quiz

This quiz will help you test your references and citations knowledge, as well as tell you which reference and citation module you should take.

APA Style Diagnostic Quiz

This quiz will help you test your APA style knowledge, as well as tell you which APA style module you should take.

Why APA Style?

When you are writing as a student, you are entering into 
a new writing community
; just as you would need to learn the customs and rules of any new country you visit, you need to learn the customs and rules of academic writing. These guidelines will be different than guidelines for writing in other environments (such as letters to friends, emails to coworkers, or writing for blogs). The academic community has its own rules. These standards help writers

improve clarity

avoid distracting the reader

indicate sources for evidence

provide uniform formatting

To learn more about transitioning into academic writing, view 
“What Is Academic Writing?”
 Remember that it’s your job as the author to engage your readers, and inconsistencies in formatting and citations distract the reader from the content of your writing. By using APA style, you allow your readers to focus on the ideas you are presenting, offering a familiar format to discuss your new ideas.

ORDER HERE

Getting Started With APA Style

APA style can seem overwhelming at first. To get started, take some time to look through these resources:

Familiarize yourself with the column on the left; peruse the different pages to see what APA has to say about citations, reference entries, capitalization, numbers, et cetera.

Find our 
APA templates
, determining which is the most appropriate for your assignments (hint: the first “Course Paper” template is best for most course assignments).

Use this 
APA Checklist
 to review your assignments, ensuring you have remembered all of APA’s rules.

If you previously used the 6th edition of APA, visit our 
APA 6 and APA 7 Comparison Tables
 to learn what’s new in the 7th edition.

Review one of our 
APA webinars
 (like 
“How and When to Include APA Citations”
), based on your interest.

Find the APA resources in our 
APA Scavenger Hunt
, helping to familiarize yourself with the APA resources we have on the website.

Check out our 
APA-related blog posts
.

Lastly, feel free to contact 
writingsupport@waldenu.edu
 with any questions you may have.

USW1_NURS_6003_PlagiarismAndAcademicIntegrity

USW1_NURS_6003_commonAPAchallenges_EDITED_RB

USW1_NURS_6003_CitingaDiscussionPostinginAPAStyle_7.9

APA Basics Checklist

Writing Center staff created this APA checklist to help students remember the basics of APA citations, reference lists, and style. It is not meant to be comprehensive, but students should use it as a reminder of the various APA rules that academic papers follow. If students are not sure what a particular item in the checklist refers to or entails, they should follow the link for more information. Additionally, the Writing Center can always help with APA questions at 
writingsupport@waldenu.edu
.

Citations

Citations
 follow APA guidelines as articulated in section 8.1 of the APA manual (7th edition).

Sources used and cited in the paper are included in the reference list.

The abbreviation “
et al.
” is punctuated appropriately.

Parenthetical citations

Author(s) and publication year are always included.

A page or paragraph number is included for all quoted material, using the appropriate abbreviation: (p. xx) or (para. xx).

The citation is included within
 
the ending punctuation for the sentence.

Narrative citations

Authors of cited studies are included within the sentence.

The publication year is included in parentheses immediately after
 
the authors’ names.

Publication years
 are included the first
 
time a source is used in a paragraph; all subsequent uses of that same source do not
 
include the publication year. Note: Rule starts over with a new paragraph.

Quiz: APA Style and Format

Reference List

The title of the list is centered and bolded.

Sources listed in the reference list are cited at least once in the paper.

Reference entries.

Each entry has an automatically formatted 
hanging indent
.

Each entry has the basic information (as available): author(s), publication year, title, and retrieval information.

Each entry has been compared against the 
common reference entries
 and 
reference list basics
 on the Writing Center website, checking for:

Punctuation: periods and commas

Formatting: italics is used only when needed

Parentheses and brackets: used only when needed

Appropriate 
electronic information
 is included

APA Style

Past tense
 is used whenever literature or sources are talked about (i.e., Smith discussed).

Serial commas
 are used for all lists of three or more items (i.e., lions, tigers, and bears).

Hyphens
 are

used to join words that work together to modify another word (i.e., evidenced-based practice);

used to join “self” compounds (i.e., self-esteem); and

not
 
used with prefixes such as “non,” “semi,” “pre,” “post”, “anti,” “multi,” and “inter.”

Block quotations (of 40 or more words) are formatted as such.

Headings
 follow proper APA style (i.e., Level 1 headings are centered and bolded).

Numbers

10 and above are expressed using numerals,

nine and below are expressed using words.

expressing specific numbers and time use numerals, and

expressing approximate time use words.

Complex lists of items within a sentence or paragraph can use letters to separate the items.

Bulleted and numbered lists
 are used for specific reasons.

The 
third person editorial “we”
 is avoided (including “us
,” 
“our
,” 
and “you”).

Capitalization rules
 are followed (i.e., names of models and theories are not capitalized).

Formatting

Course paper template
 is used.

Title page follows the template guidelines.

Double spacing
 is used throughout the paper (including the reference list).

Use one space after periods or other punctuation marks that end a sentence.

Quiz: APA Style and Format

Witting an essay could sound fun and easy especially if you enjoy the mastery of the queen’s language. It could also be a nightmare when it comes to giving it a befitting title. The title of an essay says a lot about the essay. It is said that the first impression lasts forever so is the title of your essay.

Are you still wondering how this looks, depending on the targeted audience? The title of your essay could draw the readers to your essay or send them a way to read an article with a more catchy title however much you could have the content they needed. Good, let’s learn how to title an essay and some examples of titles in different types of essays.

What is an Essay Title           

The title of the essay should sum up the whole content in a few words. Titling could be dependent on the type of the essay but never the less the title should strike some curiosity in the mind of the reader.

Choosing a good essay for your title is dependent on a number of things like the type of the essay or the intended audience. The major task that will linger in your mind is how to come up with a title for an essay. Well, it is always good to ask such questions at times. A good title for an essay should have the following qualities;

A precise but very clear one should be one of the qualities of a good title. The title should not be too wordy. I will be boring to the reader.

Eye-catching.

Readers will be drawn by the kind of words you use in the title.  Use a catchphrase that speaks volumes.

Easy to read and understand.

There is no need to use bombastic words to express a title. Ensure your wording are easy to understand and relatable.

Must be in active voice.

The titles must never be in passive voice. You want to commutate to the reader.

Above mentioned among others are what should be considered when writing good essay titles.

Bad vs. Good essay titles

Is it okay to say that there are bad and good essay titles? Yes. The table below shows some comparisons between good and a bad title content

 

Bad title

Good title

Too many words

Precise to the point

Vague title

Eye-catching

Bombastic words

Simple English words

Passive voice

Active voice

Jumbled words

Accurate wording

Far fetched

Believable

The table above shows the difference between a bad and a good title.  This could leave you wondering how long should a title be for an essay. An essay title should contain no more than 12 words as recommended by APA with no abbreviations in the title.  Let’s see some examples of good essay titles

How to title different types of Essay

There are different types of essays i.e. argumentative essays, persuasive essays,
college essays
, creative essays, and application essays among other types of essays. In the 21
st
century, there has been a number of evolving issues worth looking into.

Among the titles are the uses of technology and the effects of covid-19 which has had its effects researched worldwide in different aspects. Let us delve into some examples of types of essays and their titles.

Argumentative Essay

The main difference between title formulations for
argumentative essay
titles and other types of essays is that the title must establish your stand introducing the reader to know where the argument is beginning.  In such essays, it is advised that the essay should be written in full before coming up with a title.  

An argumentative essay title should be able to convince the reader to agree with your thesis. Below is a list of examples of argumentative essay titles that can be adopted.

Bhang should be legal

The government is spending unnecessarily

Marriage is becoming overrated

Money is the only key to happiness

Social media platforms are changing our communication

Climate change is an illusion

Military service should be compulsory

Education is a key to reducing poverty

Parents are at the forefront to choose careers for the children

Persuasive essays

The nature of persuasive essays is the use of logic and arguments to convince the reader to agree with your viewpoint.

The title follows these rules:

The tone to be used

Have a drafted work

Draft questions

Be concise

Read through

The topics of the persuasive essays could be picked from colleges, schools, social life, or general life occurrences and make a point valid convincing the reader to see sense in what you are advocating for.

Below is a list of persuasive essay title examples. Persuasive essays could contain emotional language and convictive language.

Students should have phones at school

Students should choose the subject of their interest

The necessity of homework in schools

Pets should be allowed in school

Movies should be watched at home, not in theatres

Cats make the best pets

Bullying in schools should be burned

Creative essay

Essays could also be categorized as creative. These types of essays are meant to provoke particular emotions in the reader. Creative essay titles should grab the attention of the reader by giving hints about the content of the article. Below are some examples of creative titles;

The price

The Power of Music: The way Heavy Metal changed my Life

A letter to my young self

The appropriate age to talk about sex ex

Effective parenting style

Same-sex marriage impacts the world today

Tiktok: Its Influence on the young generation

Listed above are a few examples of creative writing which breaks from the normal titling but still keeps to the catchy and attentive nature of an essay title.

How to title a catchy essay

Catchy essays are in the same categories as creative essays. They are meant to catch the attention of the audience at the first sight. Catchy essay titles do not follow the normal rules of titles as they can contain some punctuation marks. Below are some of the considerations when writing a catchy essay title.

They should be short

Must be able to provoke discussion in the reader’s mind

The tone must not be passive

The writer should not take sides

Some examples of catchy essay titles are listed below:

Internet: Raising the internet generation

Africa: The cradle of humankind

Real estate is the next big venture

Bill Gates: Genius or Interest

How to become a billionaire without a university degree

Coping up with the 21st-century generation

CRM the new normal

Working from home is the new normal

E-Commerce: Running your mufti million business without a physical location

President

Online Courses: Studying online free courses cheaper than traditional universities

Titling Research Papers

Research paper papers are academic papers that tend to give an in-depth analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of a specific topic as provided. Students are often assisted by the lectures to choose a topic to research and the title is as important.

To have a worthy title for your essay research paper below should be considered

Avoid abbreviations

The choice of words should be those that invoke the reader’s interest in further reading

The title must be able to give a hint of the content to the reader

The use of a descriptive phrase is highly recommended.

The research paper topic is expected to be the qualities of a good title price and to the point. Below are some examples of research paper titles students would be required to research one among others:

Computer security in the Modern World

Impacts of adoption of e-commerce

Impacts of Covid-19 on businesses

Impact of mental health in the 21
st
century

Subcontracting by big companies

Impact on the remuneration of employees in the big companies

Preference between white-collar jobs and blue-collar jobs

Performance evaluation on physical class attendance vs online class reading

Titling a College Essay

A college essay is a piece or article written by a student dependent on the topic given. The topic could range from an application essay or a specific topic as instructed. The college essay has two main two parts that are the personal statement problem and the supplementary essay

These are the tips for writing a good college essay title

The title should be interactive and relatable to the reader

The title should be very creative.

The title should be attention-grabbing

It should be very interesting to add a comic if need be.

These are examples of college essay titles:

The Problem of Homelessness in the city

Impact of ‘Fake News on the media industry

The problem of teenage pregnancies

Malaria prevention in swampy areas

The effects of substance abuse among youths

The effects of telecommunication

Increased immigration to the developed countries

Schooling is overrated without talents

Effects of the internet on the education sector

Considerations while titling English Essay

An English essay is a piece of writing focusing on one subject. The literature discussion is dependent on the topic and often organized, discussed, analyzed, and interpreted in English. The below tips should be considered.  

Should explain the content of your essay

Must be eye-catching

Must be precise and to the point

Here are some examples of English essay titles are:

The day I left my childhood behind

My love for music:
Therapeutic sounds

My mother my incredible superheroine

When to educate my children about sex

The working parenting styles

Handling sexuality issues in today’s world

Which type of punishment style works?

Impact of same-sex relationships

Facebook: A breakthrough in social media

Writing an essay is one thing and giving it a good catchy title is another. The body and the content of the essay could be top-notch but with a bad title. Your essays will not reach the target audience. Your titling should communicate and call the reader. Brief, concise, and to the point is how your title should be.

Summary

Titling is the most important aspect of writing an essay. It is the mirror that reflects that whole content in a few sentences. The readers will either read or drop your content just by reading the title. Therefore, some of the things you need to remember while titling your essay are:

The title must be an attention grabber

Your title should depict the essay’s tone

The title should not be long

The essay should be clear and to the point for the reader’s ease of understanding

Do not mix tones in the essay

The titling must be active

Regardless of the type of essay, to have a knockout essay title the above is a must-have.

Need Help with Your essay’s title?

In many instances after writing breathtaking content in an essay, a title might not have popped up. This could be because of the type of the essay or you’re being unable, to sum up, the article into a title. It happens and running out of ideas is very acceptable.

Are you in need of editing and proofreading? Working with us is rewarding. Our deliverables are proofread and edited and a knockout title is given. You can
onlinenursingpapers.com
 for an outstanding essay titling, entire writing, and titling in a twinkle.

Started or not yet started that should not worry you. We have a team of trained academic writers at your beck and call. We shall deliver an authentic essay to the recommended academic standards. Let that worry us. Put in your order request and we will deliver your essay.